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Fo rm 5
(Version 2012)
Topic: 19
my

to score A = 1.0

by
NgKL
edmet-nklpunya.blogspot.com
TOPIC
CHAPTER
7

Probability
7.1
Probability of an Event
Solve each of the following problems.
Example
ample
The diagram shows six number cards.
! " # $ $%
&f a card is selected at random' state the probabilit( that )a* a prime number is selected' )b* a multiple of ! is
selected.
)a* Prime numbers are ' ! and ".
++
P)a prime number is selected* ,
!
-
,

++
$
. A bag contains # blue balls' $ red balls and $.
blac/ balls. &f a ball is selected at random from the
bag' find the probabilit( that
)a* a blue ball is selected
)b* a blac/ ball is selected
)b* 0ultiples of ! are #' $ and $%
++
P)a multiple of ! is selected* ,
!
-
,

++
$
$.
S C & E 1 C E
The seven cards shown in the above diagram are
placed into an empt( box.
)a* &f a card is selected at random from the box'
find the probabilit( that a vowel is selected.
)b* A number of cards mar/ed 0 are added into
the box. &f a card is selected at random from
the box' the probabilit( of choosing a card
mar/ed
E is +

+ . 2ind the number of cards mar/ed 0

3
in the box.
edmet-nklpunya.blogspot.com
2
7.2
Probability of The Combination of Two Events
Example
Example
A bag contains 3 apples' ! oranges and % pears. &f a
fruit is randoml( selected from the bag' calculate
the probabilit( that an apple or a pear is selected.
++
P)an apple is selected* ,
3
$
++
P)a pear is selected* ,
%
. A letter is randoml( selected from the word
4HAPP&1ESS5. 6hat is the probabilit( that the
letter is P or A7
$
++ ++
P)an apple or a pear is selected* ,
3
8
%
$ $
,
9
++
$
, +
!
+
%
$. There are $$ male and %% female members in an
organisation. A member is selected to represent
the organisation in a competition. X represents the
event that the member selected is a female. Y
represents the event that the member selected is a
male.
)a* :etermine whether the events X and Y are
mutuall( exclusive.
)b* Calculate the probabilit( that the member
selected is a male or a female.
!. A bag contains ! red' $ white and % green marbles.
&f a marble is drawn at random from the bag'
find the probabilit( that a green or a red marble is
drawn.

%. Two students are to be chosen from % bo(s and 3
girls to represent their school in a competition.
2ind the probabilit( that both representatives are
girls or both are bo(s.
3
3. A bag contains 3 red and % green balls. Two balls
are
drawn at random from the bag. 2ind the
probabilit(
that both balls are of different colours.
-. Two dice are thrown together. Calculate the probabilit( that
)a* the sum of the two numbers is 3'
)b* the difference of the two numbers is !'
)c* the sum of the two numbers is 3 or the difference of the two numbers is !.
". A box contains 3 red pens' - blue pens and " blac/ pens. Two pens are drawn from the box at random.
Calculate the probabilit( that
)a* two blue pens are drawn'
)b* two red pens are drawn'
)c* two blue pens or two red pens are drawn.
#. A fair dice is thrown. Calculate the probabilit( of getting
)a* a number ! or an even number
)b* a number ! or an odd number
)c* a multiple of ! or an even number
4
7.3
Probability of Independent Events
Example
Example
A box contains two (ellow balls and one red ball. Two balls are randoml( selected from the box.
Calculate the probabilit( that
)a* the first ball drawn is (ellow and the second ball drawn is red'
)b* the two balls drawn are of the same colour.
2irst draw Second draw ;utcome

)a* P)first ball drawn is red and second ball drawn is

green* ++
++
<R
$

<
R=
++

++
!
$

++ $ <
!
<
$

++ ++
++ R
!
R
$ <

++
<
$
$
<

<
$
,
<

R
<
$
<

<
$
R
R<

R<
$
, P)<

R* 8 P)<
$
R*
,
) *
8
) *

++ ++ ++ ++
! $ ! $

++
!
)b* P)both balls drawn are of the same colour*
, P)<

<
$
* 8 P)<
$
<

*
,
) *
8
) *

++ ++ ++ ++
! $ ! $
,
Tree :iagram

++
!
. A fair coin and a fair die are tossed. 2ind the probabilit( of
)a* obtaining a tail and a number 3'
)b* obtaining a head and an odd
number' )c* obtaining an even number.
5
$. Ali has five .>sen coins and two 3.>sen coins in his wallet. He draws out two coins at random from his
wallet' one after the other' without replacement. Calculate the probabilit( that the total value of the two
coins is
)a* R0 )b* -. sen )c* $. sen
!
$.>sen
++
#
3 ++
#
3.>sen
$
"
++
$.>sen
3
3.>sen
++
"
!
"
++
$.>sen
%
3.>sen
++
"
++ ++
)a* P)R0* ,
3

%
# "
,
3
++
%
)b* P)9. sen* , .
++ ++
)c* P)%. sen* ,
!

$
# "
,
!
++
2irst draw Second draw
$#
++
!. =iven that the probabilit( of Adam passing ?ahasa 0ala(sia' Chemistr( and 0athematics tests are

'
%
++ ++

and

respectivel(. Calculate the probabilit( that
! $
?0
Chemistr( 0athematics

++
)a* she passes onl( one sub@ect'
)b* she passes all the three sub@ects'
)c* she fails all the three sub@ects.
)a* P)Pass $ sub@ects*
,

8

8

$ %
++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
++ ++
3 $ ! 3 $ ! 3 $ !
,
"
++
!.
++
$
++

Pass
3
++
$
2ail
!
Pass
++
!
2ail
++
!
Pass
++
!
2ail
Pass
2ail
Pass
2ail
Pass
2ail
Pass
2ail
++ ++ ++
)b* P)Pass ! sub@ects* ,

3 $ !
,

++
!.
++ ++ ++ ++
)c* P)2ail ! sub@ects* ,
%



$
,
%
3 $ ! 3
%. There are . eggs in a box. 2our of which are spoilt. Two eggs are drawn at random from the box' one
after the other' without replacement. Calculate the probabilit( that
)a* the two eggs drawn are both spoilt'
++ ++
)b* an egg drawn is in good condition and the other egg drawn is spoilt.
2irst draw
Second draw
"
%
)a* P)both spoilt* ,
!

$
++
3
=ood
#
!
#
++
Spoilt
++
good
,
! spoilt ++
"
3
++
" good
$
spoilt
++
"
#
"
!
++
$#
++ ++
++ ++
)b* P)one good' one spoilt* ,
3

!
8
!

3
# " # "
3
6
,
++
Try Tese !P" #ormat $%estions
. A bag contains # red cards and k blue cards. &f a
card is drawn randoml( from the box' the
probabilit( of
++
getting a blue card is
!
. 2ind the value of k.
3
++ ++ ++
$. The probabilit( of Ahan' ?ulat and 0utha
winning in a BuiC are
'
and

respectivel(.
- % 3
&f the events of Chan' Ahmad and 0uthu winning
the BuiC are independent' calculate the probabilit(
that
)a* onl( Ahan wins in the BuiC
)b* onl( two participants win in the BuiC
)c* none of them win in the BuiC
Colo
ur
?ag
Re
d
6hit
e
=reen
X - $ %
Y 3 ! "
!. The above table shows the number of different
coloured balls in bag X and bag Y. A ball is
drawn at random from bag X followed b( another
ball from bag Y' without replacement. Calculate
the probabilit( that
)a* a red ball and a green ball are drawn'
)b* the second ball drawn is white.
%. The table shows the number of coloured cards in a
box.
Colour Re
d
<ello
w
?lu
e
1umber of cards % - #
Two cards are drawn at random from the box. 2ind the
probabilit( that both cards are of the same colour.
3. &n a hoc/e( match between team K and team L' the
result can be a win or a loss for both team. The
probabilities that team K and team L will win are
++ ++
$
and
!
respectivel(. &n three consecutive
3 3
matches' calculate the probabilit( that team K
win twice and lose one.
-. ?ox P contains " blue marbles and 3 red marbles. ?ox
Q contains % green marbles and ! (ellow marbles.
Two marbles are drawn at random from box P. &f the
marbles are of different colours' then the marbles are
put into box Q. ;therwise' the marbles are returned
into box P. SubseBuentl(' a marble is drawn from
box Q. Calculate the probabilit( that
)a* both the marbles drawn from box P are of
different colours'
)b* the marble drawn from box Q is blue'
)c* the marble drawn from box Q is green.
&