Cauzele Care Inlatura Caracterul Penal Al Faptei

UNIVERSITATEA ,,CONSTANTIN BRNCOVEANU
FACULTATEA DE TIINE JURIDICE, ADMINISTRATIVE I ALE

COMUNICRII
PITETI
Specialia!e " DREPT
LUCRARE DE LICEN
CAU#ELE CARE $NLTUR CARACTERUL PENAL AL
FAPTEI
C%%!&%'a(%! )(ii'*i+ic,
Lect.univ.dr. MIRELA POPESCU
A,-%l.e'(,
GHEORGHE R. IONU-BOGDAN
/01/
CUPRINS
INTRODUCERE222222222222222222222222334
CAP3I3 ASPECTE 5ENERALE PRIVIND CAU#ELE CARE $NLTUR
CARACTERUL PENAL AL FAPTEI
1.1. Noiune! de c!r!cter "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...&
1.'. Po(i)i#it!te! *n#+tur+rii c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%%%%..,
1.-. Conce"tu# c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%%,
1./. 0n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rin #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!#%..%%..1
1.2. C#!(i$ic!re! c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei%%%%%%1-
CAP3II3 CAU#ELE JUSTIFICATIVE
'.1. Le3iti4! !"+r!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...1&
'.1.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...1&
'.1.' Condiii#e #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.11
'.1.- E$ecte#e #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%''
'.'. St!re! de nece(it!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...'2
'.'.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..'2
'.'.' Condiii#e (t+rii de nece(it!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..'6
'.'.- E$ecte 7uridice%%%%... %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.'1
'.-. E8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei o)#i3!ii%%%%%%%%..-,
'.-.1 Noiune 5i condiii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..-,
'./. Con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%./1
'./.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../1
'./.' Condiii de v!#!)i#it!te ! con(i4+49ntu#ui%%%%%%%%%../'
CAP3III3 CAU#ELE DE NEIMPUTABILITATE
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-.1. Con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../2
-.1.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%/2
-.1.' Condiii#e con(tr9n3erii $i.ice%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/6
-.1.- E$ecte 7uridice%%%%..%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../&
-.'. Con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/&
-.'.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%../&
-.'.' Condiii#e con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e%%%%%%%%%%%%%./&
-.'.- E$ecte#e con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/,
-.-. E8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..21
-.-.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.21
-.-.' Condiii#e e8ce(u#ui nei4"ut!)i#%%%%%%%%%%%%..6:
-./. Minorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%61
-./.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...61
-./.' Condiii#e (t+rii de 4inorit!te%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6'
-./.-. E$ecte 7uridice%%%%%%%%%%. %%%%%%%%%6-
-.2. Ire("on(!)i#it!te!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...6-
-.2.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6-
-.2.' Condiii#e ire("on(!)i#it+ii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6/
-.2.- E$ecte#e ire("on(!)i#it+ii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...62
-.6. Into8ic!i!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..66
-.6.1 Noiune%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...66
-.6.' ;e#uri#e into8ic!iei%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%66
-.6.- Condiii#e (t+rii de into8ic!ie %%%%%%%%%%%%..6&
-.6./ E$ecte 7uridice%%. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6,
-.&. Ero!re!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..6,
-.&.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%.%%%%%%%%%%%%%.61
-.&.' ;e#uri#e erorii%%%%%%%%..%%%%%%%%%%%61
-.&.- Ero!re! de $!"t - c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%&1
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-.&./ Condiii#e erorii de $!"t %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.&1
-.&.2 E$ecte#e erorii de $!"t !(u"r! circu4(t!ne#or%%%%%%%&-
-.&.6 Ero!re! de dre"t "en!#%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&-
-.,. C!.u# $ortuit%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%...&/
-.,.1 Noiune 5i c!r!cteri.!re%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..&/
-.,.' Condiii#e c!.u#ui $ortuit%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%.&2
-.,.- E$ecte#e 7uridice%%..%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&2
CONCLU#II222222222222222222222222223367
BIBLIO5RAFIE222222222222222222222222281
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INTRODUCERE
Lucr!re! intitu#!t+ Cauzele care nltur caracterul penal al faptei dore5te
(+ !)orde.e o te4+ de 4!8i4+ !ctu!#it!te *n #iter!tur! 7uridic+ 5i "r!ctic! 7uridic+<
in9nd (e!4! de $!"tu# c+ "rin Le3e! nr.',6 din 1& iu#ie '::1< "u)#ic!t+ *n
Monitoru# O$ici!# nr.21: din '/ iu#ie '::1 Codu# Pen!# !# Ro49niei ! $o(t
!ctu!#i.!t< *n(+< #e3e! !4intit+ v! intr! *n vi3o!re cu -1 dece4)rie ':1'.
Pro)#e4! !ctu!#i.+rii c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei <
o3#indite !t9t *n Nou# Cod Pen!#=Le3e! nr.',6>'::1? < c9t 5i *n !ctu!#u# Cod Pen!# !
(t!t #! )!.! de4er(u#ui 5tiini$ic 5i ! $o(t deter4in!t "rin co4"!r!re! ce#or dou+
coduri< ce# ce v! intr! *n vi3o!re din dece4)rie ':1' 5i ce# c!re *5i !re v!#!)i#it!te
!ctu!#4ente.
@e4!tic! doctrinei "en!#e ro49ne< du"+ #un3! "erio!d+ de !"#ic!re !
Codu#ui "en!# din 1161< c!re ! e8c#u( in(titui! cauzele justificative uti#i.!t+ "9n+
!tunci< (u(in9nd c+ toate cauzele care nltur caracterul penal al faptei sunt
cauze justificative=*ntruc9t e8c#ud i4"#icit in$r!ciune!< vinov+i! 5i r+("undere!
"en!#+?< ! $+cut #oc< *n "re.ent< "rin Nou# Cod "en!# <di(tinciei *ntre c!u.e#e
7u(ti$ic!tive 5i c!u.e#e de nei4"ut!)i#it!te< cAi!r d!c+ e#e (e intitu#e!.+ cauze care
nltur caracterul penal al faptei. S-! !r3u4ent!t c+< de5i !ce(te c!u.e !u #! )!.+
o di("o.iie #e3!#+< nu *n(e!4n+ c+ to!te (unt 7u(ti$ic!tive< deo!rece une#e "ot $i
conce"ute (+ "roduc+ e$ecte in re4< i!r !#te#e in "er(on!4.
Ar3u4ente#e c!re !u (t!t #! )!.! di(tinciei dintre c!u.e#e 7u(ti$ic!tive 5i
c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (-!u !8!t "e idee! "otrivit c+rei!
inciden! c!u.e#or 7u(ti$ic!tive "re(u"une con$or4it!te! voinei #e3iuitoru#ui cu
#e3e! =re("ectiv< d!c+ #e3e! "er4ite (!u nu o !(t$e# de conduit+?< *n ti4" ce c!u.e#e
de nei4"ut!)i#it!te (unt "rodu(e#e de n!tur+ (u)iectiv+="(iAic+? e8i(tente *n
"(iAicu# !3entu#ui #! d!t! (+v9r5irii $!"teiB un !#t !r3u4ent *n $!vo!re! !ce(tei
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di(tincii< ! con(t!t *n e$ecte#e c!u.e#or 7u(ti$ic!tive c!re !u< de re3u#+< e$ecte in
re4< ("re deo(e)ire de e$ecte#e c!u.e#or de nei4"ut!)i#it!te c!re "roduc< de o)icei<
e$ecte in "er(on!4< cu e8ce"i! c!.u#ui $ortuit.
Ace(te !r3u4ente< "recu4 5i ce#e de n!tur+ i(toric+ =re3#e4ent+ri#e din
Coduri#e "en!#e 1,62 5i 11-&?< d!r 5i nece(it!te! de !r4oni.!re ! #e3i(#!iei "en!#e
cu ce! ! +ri#or din Uniune! Euro"e!n+- it!#i!n+< ("!nio#+< 3er4!n+< $r!nce.+<
)e#3i!n+ etc.< din c!re 5i !r! no!(tr+ $!ce "!rte *nce"9nd cu 1 i!nu!rie '::&< !u (t!t
#! )!.! 4odi$ic+rii #e3i(#!iei "en!#e< "rin !do"t!re! Le3ii nr.-:1>'::/< "rivind
nou# Cod "en!#< ur4!t+ !"oi de Le3e! ',6>'::1< !v9nd !ce#!5i (co" 5i de Le3e!
nr.'&>':1'="u)#ic!t+ *n Monitoru# O$ici!# nr.1,:>': 4!rtie ':1'? c!re ! 4odi$ic!t
5i ! co4"#et!t Codu# Pen!# !# Ro49niei 5i ! Le3ii nr.',6>'::1< intr9nd *n vi3o!re
cu '- 4!rtie ':1'.
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CAP3I3 ASPECTE 5ENERALE PRIVIND CAU#ELE CARE
$NLTUR CARACTERUL PENAL AL FAPTEI
1313 N%*i9'ea &e ca!ac(e! pe'al al +ap(ei
C!r!cteru# "en!# (!u in$r!cion!# !# unei $!"te con(tituie *n(u5ire! (intetic+ !
$!"tei ce decur3e din *ntrunire! tr+(+turi#or e(eni!#e !#e unei in$r!ciunii
1
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0ntruc9t c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei e(te (t!)i#it "rin #e3e< (t+ri#e< (itu!ii#e<
*4"re7ur+ri#e c!re conduc #! e8c#udere! !ce(tui! C "rin nere!#i.!re! unei tr+(+turi
e(eni!#e ! in$r!ciunii nu "ot !ve! !ce(t e$ect< dec9t d!c+ (unt "rev+.ute de #e3e.
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (unt !ce#e (t+ri< (itu!ii<
*4"re7ur+ri e8i(tente *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< c!re *4"iedic+ re!#i.!re! unei
tr+(+turi e(eni!#e ! in$r!ciunii 5i "rin !ce!(t! e8c#ud c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
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0n a!(314 din Nou# Cod Pen!# (unt "rev+.ute (!:-:(9!ile e-e'*iale !#e unei
in$r!ciuni< *n ti4" ce< *n !ctu!#u# Cod Pen!# < (unt "rev+.ute *n a!(316< 5i !nu4eD
A!(3143;1<In$r!ciune! e(te $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie<
ne7u(ti$ic!t+ 5i i4"ut!)i#+ "er(o!nei c!re ! (+v9r5it-o.
;/<In$r!ciune! e(te (in3uru# te4ei !# r+("underii "en!#e
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A!(316 a<c!u.e c!re "rive(c "erico#u# (oci!#B
,< c!u.e c!re "rive(c vinov+i!B
c< c!u.e c!re "rive(c "revedere! $!"tei *n #e3e! "en!#+
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0n #iter!tur! 7uridic+ (-! (u(inut c+ci c#!(i$ic!re! du"+ criteriu# tr+(+turi#or
e(eni!#e !#e in$r!ciunii< !re c!r!cter convenion!# deo!rece< *n re!#it!te< *n#+tur!re!
unei tr+(+turi e(eni!#e< in$#uene!.+ e8i(ten! 5i ! ce#or#!#te tr+(+turi.
1
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".''6
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POPESCU< Mire#! Sorin!< Drept penal: Partea gneral< Pite5tiD Editur! EInde"enden!
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'
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LUPAGCU< D!n< Noul Cod Penal(Legea nr.!"#$$%&'i Noul Cod de Procedur Penal(Legea
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".11
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Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'
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13/3 P%-i,ili(a(ea ='l:(9!:!ii ca!ac(e!9l9i pe'al al +ap(ei
Le3iuitoru# !v9nd co4"eten! de ! (t!)i#i c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< tot e#
"o!te (+ *n#+ture< *n !nu4ite (itu!ii !ce(t c!r!cter 5i (+ "rev!d+ c+ o $!"t+ (!u
!nu4ite c!te3orii de $!"te "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< d!c+ (unt (+v9r5ite *n !nu4ite
condiii< nu con(tituie in$r!ciuni 5i nu "ot (ervi dre"t te4ei "entru r+("undere!
"en!#+ ci< eventu!#< "entru o !#t+ $or4+ de r+("undere 7uridic+.
Le3iuitoru# !re *n vedere e8i(ten! unor (t+ri< (itu!ii< *4"re7ur+ri< *n c!re e(te
(+v9r5it+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ 5i c!re "ot $!ce c! o $!"t+ concret+< (+
nu 4!i "re.inte vreun! dintre tr+(+turi#e e(eni!#e !#e in$r!ciunii 5i deci< (+ nu 4!i
"re.inte c!r!cter "en!#.
13>3 C%'cep(9l ca9el%! ca!e ='l:(9!: ca!ac(e!9l pe'al al +ap(ei
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei "ot $i de$inite c! $iind !ce#e
(itu!ii< (t+ri< c!.uri< *4"re7ur+ri< ! c+ror e8i(ten+ *n ti4"u# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< $!c c!
re!#i.!re! e$icient+ ! vreunei! din tr+(+turi#e e(eni!#e !#e in$r!ciunii (+ devin+
i4"o(i)i#+.
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu tre)uie (+ $ie con$und!te
cu Ec!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ r+("undere! "en!#+ (!u 4odi$ic+ e8ecut!re! "ede"(ei (!u
con(ecine#e cond!4n+riiF=a!(314/?161 din Nou# Cod Pen!# 5i a!(3117?1>4
Actu!#u# Cod Pen!#?B d!c+ "ri4e#e e8c#ud e8i(ten! in$r!ciunii 5i ! r+("underii
"en!#e< ce#e c!re *n#+tur+ r+("undere! "en!#+ o"ere!.+ nu4!i !(u"r! r+("underii
"en!#e 5i nu "roduc niciun e$ect (u) !("ectu# e8i(tenei in$r!ciuniiB in$r!ciune!
e8i(t+< *n(+ r+("undere! "en!#+ "entru !nu4ite r!iuni e(te *n#+tur!t+< nu 4!i
"roduce e$ecte (!u c9nd !ce(te e$ecte (-!u "rodu(< $!ce (+ *ncete.e r+("undere!
"en!#+ =!4ni(tie< "re(cri"ie< #i"(! "#9n3erii "re!#!)i#e (!u retr!3ere! !ce(tei!<
*4"+c!re! "+ri#or< re4itere! "ede"(ei "rin 3r!iere?.
,
De !(e4ene!< c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu tre)uie
con$und!te nici cu c!u.e#e de ne"ede"(ire< *ntruc9t !ce(te! din ur4+ nu !u e$ecte
!(u"r! e8i(tenei in$r!ciunii 5i ! r+("underii "en!#e.
C!u.e#e de ne"ede"(ire =de i4"unit!te? (unt c!u.e ("eci!#e< (u)iective ce !u
*n vedere conduit! $+"tuitoru#ui *n ti4"u# 5i du"+ (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii 5i c!re
*n#+tur+ !"#ic!re! "ede"(ei< $!"t! $iind in$r!ciune 5i do!r con(ecin! ei e(te
*n#+tur!t+- r+("undere! "en!#+.
C!u.e#e de i4"unit!te "ot $i @e'e!ale 5i (unt "rev+.ute *n "!rte! 3ener!#+ !
codu#ui "en!# =e8e4"#uDde(i(t!re! 5i *4"iedic!re! "roducerii re.u#t!tu#ui C a!(3//
Actu!#u# cod "en!#B in(ti3!re! neur4!t+ de e8ecut!re- a!(3/7 Actu!#u# cod "en!#B
*4"iedic!re! de c+tre "!rtici"!nt ! con(u4+rii $!"tei- a!(3>0 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?5i
-peciale< "rev+.ute "entru !nu4ite in$r!ciuni =e8e4"#uD a!(31A6 ali'39l(iB din
Actu!#u# cod "en!#- denun!re! $!"teiB a!(3/A0 ali'3/ Actu!#u# cod "en!#-
retr!3ere! 4+rturiei 4incino!(eB a!(3/44 ali'3> Actu!#u# cod "en!#- denun!re!
4itei?.
13C3 $'l:(9!a!ea ca!ac(e!9l9i pe'al al +ap(ei p!i' lip-a pe!ic%l9l9i -%cial
Li"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!# c! tr+(+tur+ e(ni!#+ ! in$r!ciunii conduce #! *n#+tur!re!
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei. S"re deo(e)ire de c!u.e#e c!re "rive(c vinov+i! 5i ce#e
c!re "rive(c "revedere! *n #e3e< *n c!re *n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei
conduce< "e c!#e de con(ecin+< #! *n#+tur!re! r+("underii "en!#e< uneori 5i ! !#tor
$or4e de r+("undere 7uridic+< *n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rin #i"(! de
"erico# (oci!#< de re3u#+< nu *n#+tur+ !#te $or4e de r+("undere 7uridic+< deo!rece un
!nu4it 3r!d de "erico# (oci!# C ne"en!#- 4!i "re.int+ $!"t! re("ectiv+
2
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Lipsa pericolului social, ca trstur esenial a infraciunii
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MI@RACHE< C.< MI@RACHE < C., Drept penal ro+,n, Partea general,Edii! ! I-! rev+.ut+
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1&:
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5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1&:
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!? Perico#u# (oci!# e(te *n#+tur!t "entru !nu4ite $!"te deter4in!te "rin #e3e!
c!re "revede !t9t $!"t! !# c+rui "erico# e(te *n#+tur!t< c9t 5i *4"re7ur!re! *n
c!re e(te *n#+tur!t "erico#u# (oci!#B
)? Perico#u# (oci!# e(te *n#+tur!t "entru !nu4ite !cte inerente de($+5ur+rii unor
!ctivit+i "er4i(e de #e3e =e8e4"#u< !cte#e de #ovire c!re (e "roduc *n c!.u#
"r!ctic+rii )o8u#ui?B
c? Sunt con(ider!te
&
c! #i"(ite de "erico# (oci!# 5i $!"te#e co4i(e din cu#"+< d!c+
(unt incri4in!te nu4!i *n (itu!i! *n c!re (unt (+v9r5ite cu intenie< de
!(e4ene! e(te #i"(it+ de "erico# (oci!#< tent!tiv! #! in$r!ciuni#e #! c!re nu
e(te "ede"(it+B
d? Pe c!#e de con(ecin+< "erico#u# (oci!# e(te *n#+tur!t c9nd $!"t! e(te co4i(+
$+r+ vinov+ie.
;!"t! c!re nu "re.int+ "erico#u# (oci!# !# in$r!ciunii nu e(te in$r!ciune 5i< "e
c!#e de con(ecin+< nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+.
Lipsa pericolului social concret al faptei prevzut de legea penal
0n !rt.1, din Actu!#u# Cod Pen!# (e "revede E;!"t! c!re "re.int+ "erico# (oci!#
*n *ne#e(u# #e3ii "en!#e e(te orice !ciune (!u in!ciune "rin c!re (e !duce !tin3ere
unei! dintre v!#ori#e !r+t!te *n !rt.1F.
E(te "o(i)i# c!< *n concret< $!"t! (+v9r5it+ de5i< $or4!#< (+ *nde"#ine!(c+ to!te
tr+(+turi#e "entru ! $i c!r!cteri.!t+ c! in$r!ciune< "erico#u# (oci!# (+ nu evidenie.e
o "eric#it!re ! v!#ori#or (oci!#e ocrotite< (+ $ie 4ini4< (+ nu $ie (u$icient "entru !
c!r!cteri.! $!"t! c! in$r!ciune.
0n !ce(t (en(< *n codu# "en!# e8i(t+ !rtico#u# 1, c!re "revede *n#+tur!re!
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ c!re nu "re.int+ *n concret
3r!du# de "erico# (oci!# nece(!r !# unei in$r!ciuni.
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Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:6.
1:
nlturarea caracterului penal al faptei prevzut de legea penal
care nu prezint n concret gradul de pericol social al unei
infraciuni
Art.1, din Actu!#u# Cod Pen!# "revede c+ Enu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ d!c+ "rin !tin3ere! 4ini4+ !du(+ unei! dintre v!#ori#e
!"+r!te de #e3e 5i "rin coninutu# ei concret< $iind #i"(it+ *n 4od v+dit de
i4"ort!n+< nu "re.int+ 3r!du# de "erico# (oci!# !# unei in$r!ciuniF.
C9nd "erico#u# (oci!# concret nu e(te (u$icient "entru c!r!cteri.!re! $!"tei c!
in$r!ciune< c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei e(te *n#+tur!t< i!r $+"tuitoru# i (e !"#ic+ un! din
(!nciuni#e cu cA!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tive "rev+.ut *n !rt.11 din Codu# Pen!#.
Natur juridic
0n #iter!tur! 7uridic+
,
(-!u e8"ri4!t 4!i 4u#te o"inii "rivitor #! n!tur! 7uridic+ !
in(tituiei "rev+.ut+ *n !rt.1, din Codu# "en!#.
0ntr-o o"inie
1
(-! (u(inut c+ "rin introducere! *n Codu# "en!# ! !rt.1, (-! cre!t
"o(i)i#it!te! de.incri4in+rii 7udici!re *n c!dru# c+rei!< or3!ne#e 7udici!re !u
o)#i3!i! de ! e8!4in! "erico#u# (oci!# concret !# $!"tei "entru ! (t!)i#i d!c+ !ce!(t!
"re.int+ un 3r!d de "ericu#o.it!te !t9t de "ronun!t< *nc9t (+ !tri)uie $!"tei
c!r!cteru# unei in$r!ciuni.
0ntr-o !#t+ o"inie
1:
(-! (u(inut c+ "rin in(titui! "rev+.ut+ de !rt.1, din Codu#
"en!# nu (-! re3#e4ent!t o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei deo!rece nu
! $o(t trecut+ *n c!"ito#u# "rivind c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< i!r
*n codu# de "rocedur+ "en!#+ ! $o(t "rev+.ut+ o c!u.+ ("eci!#+ c!re *4"iedic+
"unere! *n 4i5c!re ! !ciunii "en!#e.
,
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".1/6B
DINCU< A.<Drept penal, Partea general, vo#.I<@.M.B.<11&2<".,1-1,.
1
GRADEA< @.< Pro-le+e legate de rspunderea penal pentru faptele care nu prezint pericolul
social al unei infrac.iuni,R.R.D.nr./>11&/<".2&.
1:
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'',.
11
0ntr-o !#t+ o"inie
11
< "e c!re o 3+(i4 *nte4ei!t+< in(titui! introdu(+ "rin !rt.1,
din Codu# "en!# e(te tot o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< "rin
*n#+tur!re! tr+(+turii e(eni!#e ! "erico#u#ui (oci!# cu "reci.!re! c+< ("re deo(e)ire
de ce#e#!#te c!u.e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei 5i< i4"#icit r+("undere!
"en!#+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui< !"#ic!re! di("o.iii#or !rt.1, din Codu# "en!# i4"#ic+ #u!re!
$!+ de $+"tuitor ! unei (!nciuni cu c!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tive din ce#e "rev+.ute de
!rt.11 din Codu# Pen!#.
Condiii n care fapta prevzut de legea penal nu prezint
pericolul social al unei infraciuni
Artico#u# 1, din Codu# "en!# *5i 3+(e5te !"#ic!)i#it!te!< *n "rinci"iu< *n c!.u#
tuturor $!"te#or "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< indi$$erent de n!tur!# #or 5i de "ede!"(!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e
1'
.
Cu tot c!r!cteru# (+u 3ener!#< in(titui! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt.1, din Codu# "en!# nu !r
"ute! $i incident+ *n c!.u# unor $!"te 3r!ve cu4 e(te o4oru# $iindc+< "rin v!#o!re!
deo(e)it+ ! o)iectu#ui ocrotirii "en!#e nu (-!r "ute! (u(ine c+ !tin3ere! e(te
4ini4+
1-
.
Efecte juridice
;!"t! #i"(it+ de "erico#u# (oci!# concret c!r!cteri(tic in$r!ciunii nu !re c!r!cter
"en!# 5i nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ "entru !ce! $!"t+. 0n c!.u# !"#ic+rii
di("o.iii#or !rt.1, din Codu# "en!#< $+"tuitoru#ui i (e v! !"#ic! o)#i3!toriu o
(!nciune cu c!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tive=4u(tr!re!< 4u(tr!re! cu !verti(4ent (!u
!4end! de #! 1: #! 1::: #ei?.
11
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1&2.
1'
DINCU< A.<Drept penal, Partea general, vo#.I<@.M.B.<11&2<".,1-,'.
1-
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:&.
1'
1343 Cla-i+ica!ea ca9el%! ca!e ='l:(9!: ca!ac(e!9l pe'al al +ap(ei
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei !u $o(t c#!(i$ic!te *n #iter!tur!
7uridic+ *n r!"ort cu di$erite criterii 5i !nu4eD
C!i(e!i9l (!:-:(9!il%! e-e'*iale
1C
0n r!"ort cu tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ !(u"r! c+rei! $iec!re c!u.+ de *n#+tur!re !
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei *5i r+($r9n3e *n 4od "re"onder!nt e$ectu#< (e $!ce
deo(e)ire! *ntre c!u.e c!re "rive(c tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ ! "erico#u#ui (oci!#< c!u.e
c!re "rive(c tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ ! vinov+iei< c!u.e c!re "rive(c tr+(+tur! e(eni!#+ !
"revederii $!"tei de c+tre #e3e! "en!#+.
!? C!u.e#e c!re "rive(c "erico#u# (oci!# (unt !ce#e (itu!ii *n c!re #e3e! *n(+5i
re3#e4ente!.+ !nu4ite !ctivit+i ori *nde#etniciri< "er4ite (!u *n3+duie
e$ectu!re! unor !cte (!u !ciuni c!re< *n 4od o)i5nuit con(tituie e#e4entu#
4!teri!# !# unor $!"te "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< d!r (e !"reci!.+ c+ *n
(itu!ii#e (!u c!.uri#e re("ective !ce#e !cte (!u !ciuni nu 4!i "re.int+ 3r!du#
de "erico# (oci!# nece(!r "entru e8i(ten! unei in$r!ciuni =e8e4"#uD
v+t+4!re! inte3rit+ii cor"or!#e "rodu(+ "rintr-o intervenie cAirur3ic!#+ (!u
*n c!.u# unor co4"etiii ("ortive de($+5ur!te re3u#!4ent!r?.
0n !ce!(t+ c!te3orie (e inc#ud 5i $!"te#e c!re< "otrivit di("o.iii#or !rt.1,
Actu!#u# cod "en!#< nu "re.int+ "erico#u# (oci!# !# unei in$r!ciuni.
De !(e4ene!< din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie $!c "!rte 5i !nu4ite !ciuni con(ider!te
e8"#icit c! $iind (oci!#4ente uti#e< deo!rece (unt ordon!te de #e3e< cu4 !r $iD
"ercAe.ii! do4ici#i!r+< reinere!< !re(t!re! "reventiv+< ridic!re! de o)iecte (!u
*n(cri(uri< (ecAe(tru# !(i3ur!tor< etc.< d!c+ !ce(te 4+(uri "rocedur!#e !u $o(t di("u(e
(!u !du(e #! *nde"#inire *n c!.uri#e 5i *n condiii#e "rev+.ute de #e3e.
)? C!u.e#e c!re "rive(c vinov+i! (unt !ce#e (t+ri< (itu!ii (!u *4"re7ur+ri
"rev+.ute de #e3e ! c+ror "re.en+< *n ti4"u# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< conduc #!
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Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'
1-
*n#+tur!re! (!u "!r!#i.!re! con5tiinei (!u voinei de !ciune ! "er(o!nei c!re
(+v9r5e5te $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< *n#+tur9nd vinov+i! 5i i4"#icit
c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Sunt inc#u(e *n !ce!(t+ c!te3orie c!u.e#e re3#e4ent!te *n a!(3CC? 41 Actu!#u#
cod "en!# 5i *n a!(317?>1 Nou# cod "en!# 5i !nu4eD #e3iti4! !"+r!re< (t!re! de
nece(it!te< con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+ 5i 4or!#+< c!.u# $ortuit< ire("on(!)i#it!te!< (t!re! de
)eie $ortuit+ co4"#et+< 4inorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui 5i ero!re! de $!"t< re("ectiv<
#e3iti4! !"+r!re< (t!re! de nece(it!te< e8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei
o)#i3!ii< con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te< con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+< con(tr9n3ere!
4or!#+< e8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#< 4inorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui< ire("on(!)i#it!te!<
into8ic!i!< ero!re! 5i c!.u# $ortuit.
Une#e e8c#ud direct vinov+i!< !#te#e o !$ecte!.+ indirect.
0n doctrin! "en!#+ (-! !r+t!t c+ din c!te3ori! c!u.e#or "rivito!re #! vinov+ie $!c
"!rte "e #9n3+ ce#e 4enion!te 5i une#e (itu!ii "!rticu#!re< re3#e4ent!te *n
di("o.iii cu"rin(e *n "!rte! ("eci!#+ ! codu#ui "en!#< cu4 !r $iD e$ectu!re! "ro)ei
verit+ii *n c!. de in(u#t+ 5i c!#o4nie =a!(3/06 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?B d!re! de 4it+
"rin con(tr9n3ere =a!(3/44 ali'3/ Actu!#u# cod "en!#?B #ovire! 5i in(u#t! in$erioru#ui
deter4in!t+ de o nece((it!te 4i#it!r+ =a!(3>>A ali'39l(iB Actu!#u# cod "en!#?.
c? C!u.e#e c!re "rive(c "revedere! $!"tei *n #e3e! "en!#+ (unt (itu!ii *n c!re
"revedere! #e3!#+ #i"(e5te (!u ! *ncet!t (+ 4!i e8i(te< cu4 !r $iD #i"(! du)#ei
incri4in+ri *n c!.u# $!"te#or (+v9r5ite *n (tr+in+t!te =a!(3A li(3a Actu!#u# cod
"en!#?5i !)ro3!re! incri4in+rii =a!(31/ ali'31 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?.
0n #iter!tur! 7uridic+ de ("eci!#it!te< (-! 4enion!t c+< *n !ce!(t+ c!te3orie !r
tre)ui cu"rin(e 5i (itu!ii#e c9nd $!"tei concrete *i #i"(e5te unu# din e#e4ente#e
con(titutive cerute de te8tu# incri4in!tor< *ntruc9t $!"t! c!re nu !re e#e4ente#e
cerute de #e3e *n(e!4n+ c+ e(te o $!"t+ "e c!re #e3e! nu o "revede =e8e4"#uD o
!4enin!re c!re nu e(te de n!tur+ (+ !#!r4e.e- a!(317> Actu!#u# cod "en!#?.
1/
C!i(e!i9l -+e!ei &e aplica!e
C!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (e c#!(i$ic+ *n r!"ort de
criteriu# 4enion!t *n c!u.e 3ener!#e 5i c!u.e ("eci!#e.
!? Ca9ele @e'e!ale c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei (unt re3#e4ent!te *n
"!rte! 3ener!#+ ! codu#ui "en!# 5i devin !"#ic!)i#e *n c!.u# tuturor $!"te#or
co4i(e *n condiii#e #or.
Din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie $!c "!rte D c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ vinov+i! =a!(3CC?41
Actu!#u# cod "en!#?< !)ro3!re! incri4in+rii =a!(31/ ali'31 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?<
#i"(! du)#ei incri4in+ri =a!(3A li(3a Actu!#u# cod "en!#?< #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!# !#
$!"tei "otrivit a!(318 Actu!#u# cod "en!#.
)? Ca9ele -peciale !u o ($er+ de !"#ic!re 4!i redu(+ #! c!.uri#e !nu4e "rev+.ute
de #e3e 5i (unt "rev+.ute de re3u#+< *n nor4e#e din "!rte! ("eci!#+ ! codu#ui
"en!#. Din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie $!c "!rteD "ro)! verit+ii *n c!. de in(u#t+ (!u
c!#o4nie =a!(3/06 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?< con(tr9n3ere! 4ituitoru#ui #! d!re! de
4it+ =a!(3/44 ali'3/ Actu!#u# cod "en!#?B #ovire! (!u in(u#t! in$erioru#ui
deter4in!t+ de o nece((it!te 4i#it!r+ =a!(3>>A ali'39l(iB Actu!#u# cod "en!#?
12
.
$' !ap%!( c9 ca!ac(e!9l l%!, c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !#
$!"tei (e c#!(i$ic+ *n !eale 5i pe!-%'ale.
a< Ca9ele !eale (unt ce#e "rivito!re #! $!"t+ 5i c!re (e r+($r9n3 cu e$ecte#e #or
!(u"r! tuturor "!rtici"!ni#or< c! de e8e4"#uD #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!#< #i"(!
"revederii *n #e3e! "en!#+B
,< Ca9ele pe!-%'ale (unt ce#e "rivito!re #! "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui 5i "roduc
e$ecte nu4!i *n r!"ort cu "er(o!n! c!re (-!r !$#! *n !(t$e# de (itu!ii *n
4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei< c! de "i#d+D c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ vinov+i! =a!(3C?
41 Actu!#u# cod "en!#?
16
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12
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,'-,-
16
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,-
12
Ace!(t+ c#!(i$ic!re e(te i4"ort!nt+ deo!rece *n c!.u# (+v9r5irii $!"tei *n
"!rtici"!ie< c!u.e#e re!#e in$#uene!.+ (itu!i! tuturor "!rtici"!ni#or< *n ti4" ce
c!u.e#e "er(on!#e "roduc e$ecte nu4!i $!+ de "er(o!n! c!re (-! !$#!t din "unct
de vedere "(iAic (u) in$#uen! !ce(tor c!u.e.
16
CAP3II3 CAU#ELE JUSTIFICATIVE
Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< d!c+ e8i(t+ vreun!
dintre c!u.e#e 7u(ti$ic!tive "rev+.ute de #e3e=a!(318 ali'31 Nou# cod "en!#?. E$ectu#
c!u.e#or 7u(ti$ic!tive (e e8tinde 5i !(u"r! "!rtici"!ni#or=a!(318 ali'3/ Nou# cod
"en!#?
1&
.

/313 Le@i(iBa ap:!a!e
/3131 N%*i9'e
Le3iti4! !"+r!re e(te o c!u.+ c!re e8c#ude c!r!cteru# "en!# #! $!"tei d!torit+
#i"(ei de vinov+ie *n condiii#e *n c!re !ce!(t! e(te (+v9r5it+.
E(te re3#e4ent!t+ *n a!(317 Nou# cod "en!# 5i a!(3CC Actu!#u# cod "en!#D
Art.19 ;1< E(te 7u(ti$ic!t+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ *n #e3iti4+
!"+r!re.
='? E(te *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re "er(o!n! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru !
*n#+tur! un !t!c 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< c!re "une *n "erico# "er(o!n!
(!< ! !#tui!< dre"turi#e !ce(tor! (!u un intere( 3ener!#< d!c+ !"+r!re! e(te
"ro"orion!#+ cu 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui.
=-? Se "re.u4+ ! $i *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re< *n condiii#e !#in. ='?< !ce#! c!re
co4ite $!"t! "entru ! re("in3e "+trundere! unei "er(o!ne *ntr-o #ocuin+<*nc+"ere<
de"endin+ (!u #oc *4"re74uit in9nd de !ce!(t!< $+r+ dre"t< "rin vio#en+< vic#enie<
e$r!cie (!u !#te !(e4ene! 4od!#it+i ne#e3!#e ori *n ti4"u# no"ii
1,
.
A!(3CC ;1< Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ *n
(t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re.
;/< E(te *n (t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re !ce#! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru !
*n#+tur! un !t!c 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< *ndre"t!t *4"otriv! (!< ! !#tui!
1&
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".':
1,
1&
(!u *4"otriv! unui intere( o)5te(c 5i c!re "une *n "erico# 3r!v "er(o!n! (!u
dre"turi#e ce#ui !t!c!t ori intere(u# o)5te(c.
;/31<Se "re.u4+ c+ e(te *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re< 5i !ce#! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t!
"entru ! re("in3e "+trundere! $+r+ dre"t ! unei "er(o!ne "rin vio#en+< vic#enie<
e$r!cie< (!u "rin !#te !(e4ene! 4i7#o!ce< *ntr-o #ocuin+< *nc+"ere< de"endin+ (!u
#oc *4"re74uit (!u de#i4it!t "rin (e4ne de 4!rc!re.
;>< E(te de !(e4ene! *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re 5i !ce#! c!re din c!u.! tu#)ur+rii
(!u te4erii ! de"+5it #i4ite#e unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e cu 3r!vit!te! "erico#u#ui 5i
cu *4"re7ur+ri#e *n c!re (-! "rodu( !t!cu#
11
.
O)(erv+4 c+ *n viito!re! re3#e4ent!re nu 4!i re3+(i4 de"+5ire! #i4ite#or
#e3iti4ei !"+r+ri< cee! ce e(te re3#e4ent!t+ *n !rt //< !#in -.
Le3iti4! !"+r!re !"!re c! o ri"o(t+ 5i !ce#! c!re din c!u.! tu#)ur+rii (!u
te4erii ! de"+5it #i4ite#e unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e cu 3r!vit!te! "erico#u#ui 5i cu
*4"re7ur+ri#e *n c!re (-! "rodu( !t!cu#.
Le3iti4! !"+r!re !"!re c! o ri"o(t+ "e c!re o d+ o "er(o!n+ *4"otriv! unui
!t!c ce "une *n "erico# 3r!v "er(o!n!< dre"turi#e !ce(tei! ori intere(u# "u)#ic<
ri"o(te deter4in!te de nece(it!te! !"+r+rii v!#ori#or (oci!#e "eric#it!re. Ce# ce
ri"o(te!.+ *4"otriv! !t!cu#ui "entru ! (!#v! v!#ori#e (oci!#e "eric#it!te (+v9r5e5te o
$!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+. Deo!rece $+"tuitoru# ! !cion!t con(tr9n( de
nece(it!te! !"+r+rii v!#ori#or (oci!#e !4enin!te 3r!v "rin !t!cu# "ericu#o( 5i nu cu
voin+ #i)er+ $!"t! e(te con(ider!t+ c! ne$iind (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie
':
.
11
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".,-
':
MI@RACHE< Con(t!ntin < MI@RACHE <Cri(ti!n < Drept penal ro+,n/parte general<
Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic<'::1< ".1/-
1,
/313/3 C%'&i*iile le@i(iBei ap:!:!i
Pentru c! o $!"t+ (+ $ie con(ider!t+ ! $i (+v9r5it+ *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re e(te nece(!r
*nde"#inire! unor condiii "rivito!re "e de o "!rte #! !t!c 5i "e de !#t+ "!rte condiii
"rivito!re #! !"+r!re.
C%'&i*ii p!i.i'& a(ac9l
At!cu# e(te o co4"ort!re vio#ent+ ! o4u#ui< o !titudine o$en(iv+< !titudine ce (e
4!teri!#i.e!.+ *ntr-o !ciune *ndre"t!t+ *4"otriv! v!#ori#or (oci!#e ocrotite. Pentru
! ne !$#! *n "re.en! unei #e3iti4e !"+r+rii e(te nece(!r (+ e8i(te un !ct de !t!c<
concreti.!t $ie *ntr-o !ciune (!u in!ciune (oci!#4ente "ericu#o!(+< !t!c ce tre)uie
(+ $ie 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< $iind *ndre"t!t *4"otriv! unei "er(o!ne< !
dre"turi#or !ce(tei! (!u *4"otriv! unui intere( "u)#ic "un9nd totod!t+ *n "erico#
3r!v v!#ori#e (oci!#e ocrotite.
a& 0tacul s fie +aterial. At!cu# e(te 4!teri!# !tunci c9nd e(te e8ercit!t "rin
4i7#o!ce $i.ice 4enite (+ "erici#ite.e e8i(ten! $i.ic+ ! unor v!#ori (oci!#e ocrotite.
E(te 4!teri!# !t!cu# c!re "entru re!#i.!re! #ui (e $o#o(e5te $or! $i.ic+ ori
in(tru4ente c!re (unt *n 4+(ur+ (+ "roduc+ o 4odi$ic!re $i.ic+ ! v!#ori#or (oci!#e
ocrotite. De !(e4ene! !t!cu# "o!te $i re!#i.!t 5i "rintr-o in!ciune deo!rece "er4ite
!#tor $ore (+ "eric#ite.e $i.ic v!#ori#e ocrotite.
@re)uie ! !vut *n vedere $!"tu# c+ nu e8i(t+ un !t!c 4!teri!# *n c!.u#
!3re(iuni#or 4or!#e< deo!rece "er(o!n! c!#o4ni!t+ (!u $uncion!ru# u#tr!3i!t nu
"o!te invoc! (t!re! de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re *n c!.u# *n c!re *ne#e3e (+ (e !"ere "rin
!cte de vio#en+.
-& 0tacul s fie direct / !tunci c9nd (e *ndre!"t+ 5i "une *n "erico# *n 4od
ne4i7#ocit v!#o!re! (oci!#+ ocrotit+. 0n #iter!tur! de ("eci!#it!te (-! (uinut $!"tu# c+
!t!cu# e(te direct 5i *n (itu!i! *n c!re vi.e!.+ un! dintre v!#ori#e (oci!#e ocrotite
cAi!r 5i *n (itu!i! *n c!re nu !re un cont!ct ne4i#7ocit cu !ce! v!#o!re.
c& 0tacul s fie i+ediat - C!r!cteru# i4edi!t !# !t!cu#ui e(te d!t de (itu!i! *n
c!re "erico#u# (-! ivit< e(te !ctu!# (!u e(te "e c!#e (+ (e ive!(c+< c!r!cter ce e(te
11
deter4in!t de r!"ortu# *n ti4" *ntre !t!c 5i o)iectu# vi.!t. 0n (itu!i! *n c!re
interv!#u# de ti4" dintre *nce"ere! !ctu#ui 5i ivire! "erico#u#ui e(te !t9t de 4!re
*nc9t o$er+ "o(i)i#it!te! *n#+tur+rii !ce#ui "erico# "rin !#te 4i7#o!ce< !t!cu# nu 4!i
"o!te $i con(idert c! $iind i4edi!t< deo!rece e# nu o$er+ "o(i)i#it!te! unui "erico#
"re.ent ci cree.+ do!r "re4i(e#e unui "erico# c!re (-!r "ute! "roduce u#terior. D!c+
*n(+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ ! intervenit du"+ con(u4!re! !t!cu#ui e! !"!re
c! o ri"o(t+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui necon(tituind c!r!cteru# unei !"+r+ri !(t$e# *nc9t !ce!(t+
$!"t+ con(tituie in$r!ciune.
d& 0tacul s fie injust. A"!re c! in7u(t !ce# !t!c c!re nu !re un $und!4ent
#e3!# (!u de $!"t< c!re (+ 7u(ti$ice !ce!(t+ co4"ort!re. At!cu# e(te 7u(t (!u nu "o!te
d! n!5tere unei #e3iti4e !"+r+ri !tunci c9nd con(t+ *ntr-o !ctivit!te "er4i(+ (!u
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e. D!c+ ce# c!re $!ce !"+r!re! nu cuno!5te (t!re! de ire-
("on(!)i#it!te ! !3re(oru#ui< e# v! ri"o(t! *n #e3iti4+ !"!r!re ne$iind o)#i3!t (+
c!ute o (o#uie 4!i "uin "ericu#o!(+ ci v! *n#+tur! "erico#u# "rin 4i7#o!ce "e c!re #e
con(ider+ c! $iind e$iciente< (itu!ie *n c!re #e3iti4! !"+r!re v! intr! *n concur( 5i
cu ero!re! de $!"t.
e& 0tacul s fie ndreptat +potriva persoanei care se apr, ori +potriva
alteia sau +potriva unui interes o-'tesc
Pentru 4otiv!re! !ciunii de !"+r!re< #e3e! i4"une condii! c! !t!cu# (+ "o!t+
c!u.! un r+u ire4edi!)i# (!u 3reu de re4edi!t unor v!#ori (oci!#e i4"ort!nteD
"er(o!nei u4!ne< dre"turi#or (!#e (!u intere(u#ui o)5te(c.
04"otriv! unui !t!c "ericu#o( "o!te ri"o(te victi4! !3re(iunii 5i oric!re !#t+
"er(o!n+ "re.ent+ #! de($+5ur!re! !t!cu#ui. Nu !re i4"ort!n+ d!c+ victi4! "ute! (+
*n#+ture (in3ur+ !t!cu# (!u nuB d!c+ victi4! dore! (!u nu (+ (e !"ere *4"otriv!
!t!cu#ui (!u d!c+ *ntre victi4+ 5i "er(o!n! c!re intervine (+ re("in3+ !t!cu# e8i(t+
vreun 3r!d de rudenie (!u vreo *ne#e3ere "re!#!)i#+
'1
.
'1
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1/6.
':
f& 0tacul s pun n pericol grav persoana celui atacat ori interesul o-'tesc.
Le3e! i4"une condii! c! !t!cu# (+ "o!t+ c!u.! un "erico# ire4edi!)i# (!u 3reu
re4edi!)i# unor v!#ori (oci!#e ocrotite< !ce!(t+ condiie $iind *n5u5i 4otiv!re!
!ciunii de !"+r!re. 0n (itu!i! !vut+ *n vedere *n a!(3// ali'3> Nou# Cod "en!#<
!nu4e J (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "entru ! re("in3e "+trundere! $+r+ dre"t *n #ocuin+<
*nc+"ere< de"endine (!u #oc *4"re7u4it in9nd de !ce(te!F< #e3iti4! !"+r!re e(te
"re.u4!t+< d!c+ (unt *nde"#inite ur4+to!re#e condiii ("eci$iceD
"+trundere! *n #ocuin+<*nc+"ere< de"endine (!u #oc *4"re74uit<
in9nd c! !ce(te! (+ (e $!c+ $+r+ dre"tB
"+trundere! (+ (e $!c+ "rin vio#en+< vic#enie< e$r!cie (!u "rin !#te
4i7#o!ce !(e4+n+to!re.
C%'&i*iile ap:!:!ii
Condiii#e "e c!re tre)uie (+ #e *nde"#ine!(c+ !"+r!re! "entru ! $i #e3iti4+
(unt
''
D(+ (e re!#i.e.e "rintr-o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B (+ $ie "reced!t+ de
!t!cB (+ $ie *ndre"t!t+ *4"otriv! !3re(oru#uiB (+ $ie nece(!r+ "entru *n#+tur!re!
!t!cu#ui 5i (+ $ie "ro"orion!#+ cu !t!cu#.
a) 0c.iunea de aprare s se realizeze printr/o fapt prevzut de legea
penal< *4)r+c9nd $or4! !cte#or "re3+tito!re ori tent!tivei< !(t$e# c+ #e3iti4!
!"+r!re nu "o!te $i invoc!t+ *n c!.u# $!"te#or ce nu (unt "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+
5i !nu4e $!"te#e cu c!r!cter !d4ini(tr!tiv< civi#.
b) 0prarea s fie necesar pentru respingerea atacului< c!r!cteru# nece(!r
!# !"+r+rii (e !"reci!.+ !t9t (u) r!"ortu# *ntinderii c9t 5i (u) r!"ortu# inten(it+ii.
Din "unct de vedere !# 4o4entu#ui (+v9r5irii !ctu#ui de !"+r!re #i4it! nece(it+ii
e(te d!t+ de #i4it! "erico#u#ui re.u#t!t< !dic+ !t9t ti4" c9t (u).i(t+ "erico#u#
(u).i(t+ 5i nece(it!te! *n#+tur+rii #ui. A"+r!re! e(te nece(!r+ (u) r!"ortu# inten(it+ii
!t9t ti4" c9t ! condu( #! *n#+tur!re! !t!cu#ui *n(+ nu ! de"+5it 3r!vit!te! "erico#u#ui
''
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".1/&.
'1
c!re !4enin! v!#o!re! (oci!#+ ocrotit+. Nece(it!te! !"+r+rii tre)uie !n!#i.!t+ 5i *n
r!"ort cu "o(i)i#it!te! ce#ui !t!c!t de ! *n$runt! 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui. Doctrin! "en!#+
con(ider+ c+ #e3iti4! !"+r!re (u).i(t+ 5i !tunci c9nd ce# !t!c!t (e (!#ve!.+ "rin
$u3+< !(cundere din $!! !3re(oru#ui.
c) 0prarea s fie propor.ional cu gravitatea atacului. Pro"orion!#it!te! !"+r+rii
cu 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui !re *n vedere $!"tu#< c+ de "i#d+ <*n c!.u# unui !t!c *ndre"t!t
*4"otriv! inte3rit+ii cor"or!#e (e "o!te ri"o(t! "rintr-o $!"t+ de !"+r!re ce !re *n
vedere inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+ ! !3re(oru#ui. D!c+ !"!re un de.ecAi#i)ru *ntre ce#e de
v!#ori< $!"t! e(te (+v9r5it+ cu de"+5ire! #i4ite#or #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri.
/313>3 E+ec(ele le@i(iBei ap:!:!i
;!"t! (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re nu con(tituie in$r!ciune deo!rece
#i"(e5te e#e4entu# de )!.+ !# in$r!ciunii 5i !nu4e vinov+i!< $+"tuitoru# ! $o(t
con(tr9n( de nece(it!te! *n#+tur+rii !3re(iunii< !3re(iune ce "une! *n "erico# v!#ori#e
(oci!#e ocrotite< nee8i(t9nd din "!rte! #ui o 4!ni$e(t!re #i)er+ ! voinei.
Ne$iind in$r!ciune < #e3iti4! !"+r!re nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui con(ider9ndu-(e !(t$e# c+ $!"t! (9v+r5it+ *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re nu !re
c!r!cter i#icit ne"ut9nd !tr!3e !(t$e# nicio !#t+ r+("undere 7uridic+.
1pe.:Cauze care nltur carecterul penal al faptei.Legiti+a
aprare.Condi.ii de re.inere.
Curtea de pel !ite"ti, #ecia penal, $ecizia penal nr%&'6()& noie*brie
+'))%
!arerea de ctre inculpat a unei lovituri ndreptate asupra sa cu un obiect
vulnerant, dup ce n prealabil victi*a i,a adresat a*eninri cu *oartea,
aciune n ur*a creia partea vt*at a czut, suferind leziuni vindecabile n
-',-- zile ngrijiri *edicale, "i care i,au pus viaa n pri*ejdie, se circu*scrie
cauzei care nltur caracterul penal al faptei, statuat de art%.. Cod penal "i
anu*e, legiti*a aprare%
''
#ecia penal,decizia penal nr%&'6()& noi*ebrie +'))
Prin (entin! "en!#+ nr.1-/>':11 "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n do(!r
"en!# nr.16&'>':1: (-! di("u( *n )!.! !rt.1,' !#.1 cod "en!# r!"ort!t #! !rt.1- cod
"en!#< &- #it.) 5i &/ #it.! cod "en!#< cond!4n!re! incu#"!tu#ui B.S. #! o "ede!"(+ de
- #uni *ncAi(o!re "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de v+t+4!re cor"or!#+ 3r!v+.
Incu#"!tu# ! $o(t o)#i3!t #! "#!t! de("+3u)iri#or civi#e re"re.ent9nd d!une 4!teri!#e
5i 4or!#e c+tre "!rte! civi#+ M.I..
Pentru ! di("une !(t$e#< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! reinut *n e(en+ ur4+to!re#eD
1. 0ntre "+ri !u e8i(t!t ne*ne#e3eri cu "rivire #! *nc+#c!re! de c+tre "!rte! civi#+ !
nor4e#or "rivind re"roducere! !ni4!#e#orB
'. 0n 1- 4!i ':1: "!rte! civi#+ M.I. ! con(u4!t )+uturi !#coo#ice *ntr-un )!r din
co4un! Meri5!ni i!r *n dru4 ("re c!(+ (-! *nt9#nit cu incu#"!tu# c+rui! !
*nce"ut (+-i re"ro5e.e c+ ! intervenit *n "ro)#e4e#e #uiB
-. P!rte! civi#+ ! continu!t ce!rt! 5i ! *nce"ut (+-# #ove!(c+ "e incu#"!t.
/. Incu#"!tu# (-! !"+r!t< !"#ic9ndu-i "+rii civi#e o (in3ur+ #ovitur+< cu "u4nu# *n
.on! )uc!#+< *n ur4! c+rui! victi4! ! c+.ut 5i ! (u$erit #e.iuni ce !u nece(it!t
"entru vindec!re un nu4+r de 22 .i#e *n3ri7iri 4edic!#e 5i c!re i-!u "u( vi!! *n
"ri4e7die.
0n dre"t< in(t!n! ! c!#i$ic!t $!"t! c! *ntrunind e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e
in$r!ciunii "rev. de !rt.1,' !#.1< *n condiii#e reinerii c!u.ei 7u(ti$ic!tive !
"rovoc+rii "rev. de !rt.&- #it.) cod "en!#.
04"otriv! (entinei !u dec#!r!t !"e# "+ri#e< incu#"!tu# invoc9nd #e3iti4! !"+r!re <
i!r victi4! *n#+tur!re! circu4(t!nei !tenu!nte #e3!#e ! "rovoc+rii.
Prin deci.i! "en!#+ nr.-1->A>':11 "ronun!t+ de @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5 *n do(!r "en!#
nr.-621>':11 (-! !d4i( !"e#u# dec#!r!t de "!rte! v+t+4!t+ cu "rivire #! cu!ntu4u#
de("+3u)iri#or e5!#on!te 5i c!re !u $o(t 4!7or!te. S-! re("in( !"e#u# dec#!r!t de
incu#"!tu# B.S.
'-
04"otriv! deci.iei !u dec#!r!t recur( incu#"!tu# 5i "!rte! civi#+ M.I.< reiter9nd
!ce#e!5i !("ecte c! 5i *n !"e#D incu#"!tu# (o#icit9nd !"#ic!re! !rt.// cod "en!#< i!r
"!rte! civi#+ *n#+tur!re! !rt.&- #it.) cod "en!#.
Recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui e(te $ond!t.
In(t!n! nu ! $+cut o ev!#u!re 7udicio!(+ ! *ntre3u#ui "ro)!tor te(ti4oni!#
!d4ini(tr!t *n c!u.+ 5i c!re (e coro)ore!.+ cu dec#!r!ii#e incu#"!tu#ui.
A$ir4!ii#e 4!rtori#or< "otrivit c+ror! "!rte! v+t+4!t+ !ve! *n 49n+ un o)iect
#ucitor nu (unt con$ir4!te - contr!r ce#or reinute de in(t!n+ C de cercet!re! #! $!!
#ocu#ui< ("eci$ic9ndu-(e c+ o)iectu# C cuit de v9n+to!re cu #!4! cro4!t+ (-! v+.ut
5i (tr+#uce! *n #u4in! )ecu#ui .
In(t!ne#e *n 4od 3re5it !u *n#+tur!t dec#!r!ii#e ce#or trei 4!rtori ne4i7#ocii cu
4otiv!re! c+ nu re$#ect+ re!#it!te! deo!rece nu e8i(t+ !#te dec#!r!ii c!re (+ #e
contr!.ic+.
Din coro)or!re! dec#!r!iei incu#"!tu#ui cu dec#!r!i! "+rii v+t+4!te< ! 4!rtori#or
5i recur(uri#e !$#!te #! do(!r reie(e $!"tu# c+ "!rte! v+t+4!t+ v+.9ndu-# "e incu#"!t
*n (e!r! .i#ei de 1- 4!i ':1:< ! ie5it din c!(+ *n (tr!d+< #-! ur4+rit< ti4" *n c!re #-!
in(u#t!t< #-! !4enin!t c+ J*# t!ie 5i to!c+ 4+runtF 5i #! un 4o4ent d!t ! *ncerc!t (+-#
#ove!(c+< incu#"!tu# (-! $erit i!r "!rte! v+t+4!t+ ! c+.ut "e )urt+. U#terior "!rte!
v+t+4!t+ 5i-! d!t 7o( 3e!c! 5i ! (co( un o)iect #ucitor din )u.un!r< (-! !"ro"i!t de
incu#"!t< ! ridic!t )r!u# *n c!re !ve! !ce# o)iect< !ce(t! ! "!r!t #ovitur! 5i ! *4"in(-
o "e "!rte! v+t+4!t+ c!re ! c+.ut "e ("!te.
At!cu# "+rii v+t+4!te *nde"#ine5te condiii#e "entru ! d! n!5tere unei !"+r+ri
#e3iti4e< !ce(te! $iind unu# 4!teri!#< direct< i4edi!t 5i in7u(t< *ndre"t!t *4"otriv!
incu#"!tu#ui "un9ndu-i *n "erico# 3r!v inte3rit!te!.
Dintre condiii#e enu4er!te< "erico#u# 3r!v (u"ort+ di(cuie d!r !ce(t! e(te 7u(ti$ic!t
de !4enin!re! cu 4o!rte!< (co!tere! unui o)iect #ucitor cu c!re (-! *ndre"t!t c+tre
incu#"!t cu inteni! de !-# #ovi.
'/
A"+r!re! (-! re!#i.!t "rintr-o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< ! $o(t "reced!t+ de
!t!c (-! *ndre"t!t *4"otriv! !3re(oru#ui< ! $o(t nece(!r+ "entru *n#+tur!re! !t!cu#ui
5i ! $o(t "ro"orion!#+ cu 3r!vit!te! !ce(tui!.
At9t! ti4" c9t "!rte! v+t+4!t+ ! ur4+rit incu#"!tu#< !ce(t! (-! retr!(< #-! in(u#t!t 5i
!4enin!t< er! *n!r4!t cu un o)iect #ucitor< ! ridic!t )r!u# *n!r4!t cu inteni! de !-#
#ovi< ri"o(t! incu#"!tu#ui de !-# re("in3e con(tituie un re$#e8 n!tur!# de !"+r!re !
inte3rit+ii $i.ice 5i "rin ur4!re< un !ct nece(!r co4i( *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re.
Recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui $iind $ond!t< Curte! *# v! !d4ite 5i v! di("une (u) !ce(t
!("ect *n )!.! !rt.11 "ct.' #it.! r!"ort!t #! !rt.1: #it.e cod "rocedur+ "en!#+ 5i !rt.//
cod "en!#< !cAit!re! incu#"!tu#ui B.S. de (u) *nvinuire! (+v9r5irii in$r!ciunii
"rev+.ute de !rt.1,' !#.1 cod "en!#.
Co+entariu:
23nstan.ele n +od gre'it au nlturat declara.iile celor trei +artori
ne+ijloci.i cu +otivarea c nu reflect realitatea deoarece nu e4ist alte declara.ii
care s le contrazic.5
0n#+tur!re! dec#!r!ii#or ce#or trei 4!rtori ! $o(t o 3re5e!#+ 4!7or+ c!re !
(cAi4)!t r!dic!# *nc!dr!re! 7uridic+ ! $!"tei "en!#e.
Dec#!r!ii#e incu#"!tu#ui 5i !#e "+rii v+t+4!te !u condu( de($+5ur!re!
"roce(u#ui *ntr-o direcie eron!t+< (cAi4)9ndu-(e *nc!dr!re! $!"tei *ntr-un!
"rev+.ut+ #! !rt.// din !ctu!#u# Cod "en!# de< le@i(iB: ap:!a!e3
/3/3 S(a!ea &e 'ece-i(a(e
/3/31 N%*i9'e )i ca!ac(e!ia!e
St!re! de nece(it!te e(te o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei<
re3#e4ent!t+ *n a!(3/0 Nou# cod "en!# 5i *n a!(3C4 Actu!#u# cod "en!#< c!re "rev+d
ur4+to!re#eD
Art./0 S(a!ea &e 'ece-i(a(e
=1? E(te 7u(ti$ic!t+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de
nece(it!te.
'2
='? E(te *n (t!re de nece(it!te "er(o!n! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru ! (!#v! de #!
un "erico# i4edi!t 5i c!re nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t !#t$e#< vi!!< inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+ (!u
(+n+t!te! (! ori ! !#tei "er(o!ne (!u un )un i4"ort!nt !# (+u ori !# !#tei "er(o!ne (!u
un intere( 3ener!#< d!c+ ur4+ri#e $!"tei nu (unt v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r
$i "utut "roduce *n c!.u# *n c!re "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t
'-
3
A!(3C4 =1? Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ *n
(t!re de nece(it!te.
='? E(te *n (t!re de nece(it!te !ce#! c!re (+v9r5e5te $!"t! "entru ! (!#v! de
#! un "erico# i4inent 5i c!re nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t !#t$e# <vi!!< inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+
(!u (+n+t!te! (!< ! !#tui! (!u un )un i4"ort!nt !# (+u ori !# !#tui! (!u un intere(
o)5te(cB
=-?Nu e(te *n (t!re de nece(it!te "er(o!n! c!re *n 4o4entu# c9nd ! (+v9r5it
$!"t! 5i-! d!t (e!4! c+ "ricinuie5te ur4+ri v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r $i
"utut "roduce d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t
'/
.
;!"t! (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te nu e(te in$r!ciune deo!rece !ce(t+ $!"t+ nu
e(te (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie< $+"tuitoru# $iind con(tr9n( de nece(it!te! !"+r+rii
*4"otiv! unui "erico# i4inent 5i c!re nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t *n !#t 4od.
Perico#u# c!re !4enin+ v!#ori#e (oci!#e ocrotite *n c!.u# (t+rii de nece(it!te
"o!te $i 3ener!t de D inund!ii< cutre4ure< incendii 5i nu de !t!cu# unei "er(o!ne<
(itu!ie ("eci$ic+ #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri.
/3/3/ C%'&i*iile -(:!ii &e 'ece-i(a(e
Condiii#e *n c!re o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ e(te con(ider!t+ c! $iind
(+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te (unt "rev+.ute *n a!(3C4 Actu!#u# cod "en!# 5i
'-
'/
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:.
'6
"rive(c "e de o "!rte "erico#u#< i!r "e de !#t+ "!rte< $!"t! (+v9r5it+ "entru (!#v!re!
v!#ori#or (oci!#e ocrotite.
C%'&i*ii p!i.i(%a!e la pe!ic%l
a& 6nt,+plarea care d na'tere pericolului este datorat unei cauze fortuite<
3ene.! "erico#u#ui e(te de ce#e 4!i 4u#te ori un eveni4ent *nt94"#+torD
un cutre4ur< o inund!ie< un incendiu etc< d!r "o!te $i d!tor!t+ 5i unor
!ctivit+i o4ene5ti i4"rudente (!u intenion!te cu4 !r $i ("re e8e4"#u
(itu!i! unui incendiu dec#!n5!t de un individ.
-& Pericolul tre-uie s fie i+inent< $iind "e "unctu# de ! (e "roduce < d!r
e(te nece(!r "entru ! "ute! vor)i de (t!re de nece(it!te c! "erico#u# (+ $ie
*n "unctu# de ! trece de #! !4enin!re #! "roducere! e$ectiv+ ! r+u#uiB
condiie ce e(te *nde"#init+ 5i *n (itu!i! *n c!re "erico#u# (-! dec#!n5!t
devenind !(t$e# !ctu!#. Perico#u# tre)uie *n(+ (+ $ie 5i re!#< *n (en(u# c+ nu
tre)uie (+ (e !$#e (u) (e4nu# incertitudinii $iind !"t (+ "roduc+
$+"tuitoru#ui o (erio!(+ te4ere c+ !ce(t! (e v! "roduce.
c& Pericolul tre-uie s a+enin.e via.a, integritatea corporal sau sntatea
unei persoane, un -un i+portant al acesteia ori un interes general. O
$!"t+ !"!re c! $iind (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te c9nd !ce!(t! ! $o(t
nece(!r+ "entru ! (!#v! de #! un "erico# i4inent vi!!< inte3rit!te!
cor"or!#+ (!u (+n+t!te! unei "er(o!ne< un )un i4"ort!nt !# !ce(tei! (!u
un intere( 3ener!#. Noiune! de J)un i4"ort!ntF de(e4ne!.+ !ce# )un
c!re "rin v!#o!re! #ui !rti(tic+< 5tiini$ic+ i(toric+ (!u !$ectiv+< #e3iti4e!.+
!ciune! de (!#v!re *n $!! "erico#u#ui.
d& Pericolul s fie inevita-il< *n (en(u# c+ !ce(t! (+ nu "o!t+ $i *n#+tur!t *n !#t
$e# dec9t "rin (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+. A"reciere!
"erico#u#ui c! inevit!)i# (e $!ce "rin #u!re! *n con(ider!re ! *4"re7ur+ri#or
*n c!re "er(o!n! ! $o(t nevoit+ (+ !cione.e (u) !4enin!re! "erico#u#ui<
'&
nee#i4in9nd *n !ce#!5i ti4" "!rticu#!rit+i#e "(iAo$i.ice !#e "er(o!nei
"entru ! "ute! concide d!c+ !ce!(t! "ute! (+ "rev!d+ 5i !#t+ "o(i)i#it!te
de (!#v!re "o!te cAi!r 4!i "uin d+un+to!re.
C%'&i*ii p!i.i(%a!e la ac*i9'ea &e -al.a!e
a& 0c.iunea s fie necesar pentru (!#v!re! de #! "erico# ! v!#ori#or< *n
sensul c aceasta tre-uie s fie singura cale de salvare n situa.ia de fapt
dat. Nece(it!te! !ciunii de (!#v!re (e !"reci!.+ *n r!"ort cu i4inen! 5i
!ctu!#it!te! "erico#u#ui.
-& Aciune! de (!#v!re (+ (e re!#i.e.e "rin co4itere! unei $!"te "rev+.ute de
#e3e! "en!#+
c& Prin ac.iunea de salvare s nu se cauzeze ur+ri vdit +ai grave dec,t
acelea care s/ar fi produs dac pericolul nu era nlturat. Aciune! de
(!#v!re ! v!#ori#or (oci!#e *4"otriv! "erico#u#ui i4inent e(te nece(!r+
nu4!i d!c+ nu "roduce ur4+ri v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e ce (-!r $i "rodu(
d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t. Per(o!n! c!re !cione!.+ tre)uie (+ !i)e
re"re.ent!re! !t9t ! 3r!vit+ii "erico#u#ui< ! ur4+ri#or !ce(tui! c9t 5i !
ur4+ri#or $!"tei (!#e de (!#v!re. D!c+ $+"tuitoru# nu 5i-! d!t (e!4! c+ "rin
!ciune! (! c!u.e!.+ ur4+ri 4!i 3r!ve< $!"t! ur4e!.+ ! $i con(ider!t+
(+v9r5it+ tot *n (t!re de nece(it!te< d!r *n (itu!i! *n c!re $+"tuitoru# 5i-!
d!t (e!4! de $!"tu# c! "rin !ciune! (! de (!#v!re "ricinuie5te ur4+ri
v+dit 4!i 3r!ve *n !ce(!t+ (itu!ie $!"t! nu e(te (+v9r5it+ *n (t!re de
nece(it!te ci con(tituie in$r!ciune ce !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui< recuno(c9ndu-(e *n(+ *n $!vo!re! !ce(tui! circu4(t!n!
!tenu!nt+ ! de"+5irii #i4ite#or (t+rii de nece(it!te.
d& 7apta s nu fie svr'it de ctre, sau pentru a salva o persoan, care
avea o-liga.ia de a nfrunta pericolul (itu!ie *n c!re (e !re *n vedere
!nu4ite "ro$e(ii ce "rin n!tur! #or o)#i3+ "e "ro$e(ioni(t (+ *n$runte
"erico#u#.
',
/3/3>3 E+ec(e D9!i&ice
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de nece(it!te nu e(te in$r!ciune< deo!rece nu e(te
(+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie 5i< "e c!#e de con(ecin+<nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+.
0n "rinci"iu< (t!re! de nece(it!te nu !re c! e$ect 5i *n#+tur!re! r+("underii
civi#e< deo!rece< de ce#e 4!i 4u#te ori< (e "roduc "re7udicii !#tei "er(on!e< c+rei! nu
i (e "o!te re"ro5! ni4ic cu "rivire #! "roducere! "erico#u#ui r("ectiv.
Re"!r!re! "re7udiciu#ui c!u.!t "rin $!"t! de !"+r!re co4i(+ *n (t!re de
nece(it!te "o!te reveni "er(o!nei (!#v!te c9nd ivire! "erico#u#ui ce ! 3ener!t (t!re!
de nece(it!te (e d!tore!.+ unui eveni4ent=cutre4ur< inund!ie etc.?
'2
.
C9nd "erico#u# (-! "rodu( "rin $!"t! "er(o!nei v+t+4!te< !tunci e(te *n#+tur!t+
5i r+("undere! civi#+
'6
.
1pe.:6ndeplinirea condi.iilor strii de necesitate cu caracter de cauz care
nltur caracterul penal al faptei.
/ribunalul 01E2, $ecizia Nr% 33 din 3 aprilie +')'
ndeplinirea condiiilor strii de necesitate cu caracter de cauz care nltur
caracterul penal al faptei%Neagravarea situaiei inculpatului n propria cale de
atac% Neincidena pedepsei accesorii prevzut de art% 3) Cod penal raportat la
art% 6. alin% ) lit% c Cod penal, privind interzicerea pe ti*pul deteniei a dreptului
de a desf"ura o activitate de natura celei de care s,a folosit conda*natul la
co*iterea infraciunii n cazul conducerii unui autove4icul pe dru* public fr
titlu de obligaie decurg5nd din profesie , funcie sau o activitate n sensul legii%
Prin (entin! "en!#+ nr. -6 din :1.:'.':1:< "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n
do(!ru# nr. 6:2:>':&>'::1< *n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,6 !#.' din OUG nr.112>'::'
re".< cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-& !#in. 1 #it. ! Cod "en!#.=$!"t! din ''.1:.'::,?< ! $o(t
cond!4n!t incu#"!tu# S. G< "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de conducere "e
'2
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".12-.
'6
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'2/.
'1
dru4uri#e "u)#ice ! unui !utoveAicu# de c+tre o "er(o!n+ !# c+rei "er4i( i-! $o(t
!nu#!t< #! "ede!"(! de 1 !n *ncAi(o!re .
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,& !#.1 din OUG nr.112>'::' re". cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-&
!#in.1 #it.! Cod "en!#=$!"t! din ''.1:.'::,? ! $o(t cond!4n!t !ce#!5i incu#"!t<
"entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de conducere "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice ! unui !utoveAicu#
de c+tre o "er(o!n+ c!re !re o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ de "e(te :<,: 3># !#coo# "ur *n
(9n3e< #! "ede!"(! de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,6 !#.' din OUG nr.112>'::' re".< cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-&
!#in. 1 #it. ! Codu#ui "en!#=$!"t! din :/.1'.'::,?< ! $o(t cond!4n!t !ce#!5i incu#"!t<
de c+tre o "er(o!n+ !# c+rei "er4i( i-! $o(t !nu#!t<#! "ede!"(! de 1 !n *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.,& !#.1 din OUG nr.112>'::' re". cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-&
!#in. 1 #it. ! Cod "en!#=$!"t! din :/.1'.'::,?< ! $o(t cond!4n!t !ce#!5i incu#"!t<
de c+tre o "er(o!n+ c!re !re o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ de "e(te :<,: 3># !#coo# "ur *n
(9n3e< #! "ede!"(! de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. -- #it.! - -/ !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# (-! con(t!t!t c+
!ce(te in$r!ciuni (e !$#+ *n concur( re!#< conto"indu-(e "ede"(e#e (t!)i#ite "entru
in$r!ciuni#e concurente 5i (-! !"#ic!t incu#"!tu#ui "ede!"(! ce! 4!i 3re!< de ' !ni
*ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!#< (-! revoc!t (u("end!re!
condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii "ede"(ei de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re !"#ic!t+ incu#"!tu#ui
"rin (entin! "en!#+ nr./12>-1.1:.'::& "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n do(!r
nr./16/>':&>'::&< de$initiv+ "rin ne!"e#!re< cu4u#9nd !rit4etic "re.ent! "ede!"(+<
de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re cu "ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re .
-:
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!# (-! di("u( e8ecut!re! *n *ntre3i4e
de c+tre incu#"!t ! "ede"(ei re.u#t!nte de - !ni 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re.
0n te4eiu# !rt.&1 !#in.1 5i ' Cod "en!# (-!u inter.i( incu#"!tu#ui e8ercit!re!
dre"turi#or "rev+.ute de !rt.6/ !#in. 1 #it. ! te.! II<)<c din !ce#!5i cod.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.-/1 r!". #! !rt.111 !#in.1 Codu# de "rocedur+ "en!#+.< !
$o(t o)#i3!t incu#"!tu# #! "#!t! (u4ei de -:: de #ei< cAe#tuie#i 7udici!re !v!n(!te de
(t!t.
Pentru ! "ronun! !ce!(t+ (entin+< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! reinut c! "rin recAi.itoriu#
"rocuroru#ui din c!dru# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+ Hudec+tori! Pite5ti cu
nr.'&,->P>'::, <*nre3i(tr!t #! Hudec+tori! Pite5ti #! nr.6:2:>':&>'::1< ! $o(t "u(+ *n
4i5c!re !ciune! "en!#+ 5i tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+ ! incu#"!tu#ui S. G. "entru
(+v9r5ire! in$r!ciuni#or "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#.' (i ,& !#.1 din OUG nr.112>'::'
re". 5i !rt.,6 !#in.' (i !rt.,& !#in.1 din OUG nr.112>'::' re".<to!te cu !"#ic!re!
!rt.-- #it. ! 5i !rt.-& !#in. 1 #it.! Cod "en!#.
S-! reinut din recAi.itoriu c+ "ri4! in(t!n+ ! $o(t (e(i.!t+ de !cee! c+
incu#"!tu# *n .i#e#e de ''.1:.'::, 5i re("ectiv :/.1'.'::,< ! condu( "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice !utoturi(4u# "ro"riet!te! "er(on!#+ du"+ ce ! con(u4!t )+uturi !#coo#ice 5i
!v9nd "er4i(u# de conducere !nu#!t< *n ur4! "ronun+rii (entinei "en!#e
nr./12>-1.1:.'::& "rin c!re ! $o(t cond!4n!t #! "ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni
*ncAi(o!re "entru co4itere! in$r!ciunii de conducere (u) in$#uen! )+uturi#or
!#coo#ice. 0n ur4! !n!#i.e#or de #!)or!tor (e !r!t+ c+ (-! con(t!t!t c+ incu#"!tu#
!ve! o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ "e(te #i4it! #e3!#+.
Pre.ent *n "ri4! in(t!n+< cu oc!.i! !(cu#t+rii<(-! reinut c+ incu#"!tu# 5i-!
recuno(cut *nvinuiri#e !du(e "rin !ctu# de (e(i.!re ! in(t!nei< re("ectiv c+< du"+ ce
! con(u4!t (e!r! )+uturi !#coo#ice co4)in!te< ! condu( !utoturi(4u# "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice 5i <totod!t+< c+ *5i 4enine dec#!r!ii#e d!te *n $!.! de ur4+rire "en!#+.
-1
An!#i.9nd !cte#e 5i #ucr+ri#e do(!ru#ui< re("ectiv D "ie(e#e do(!ru#ui de ur4+rire
"en!#+ =$.1-2-?< !ctu# de (e(i.!re ! in(t!nei =$.1<'?< dec#!r!i! incu#"!tu#ui
=$.1:?<dec#!r!ii#e 4!rtori#or !udi!i<"ri4! in(t!n+ ! reinut c+ #! d!t! de
''.1:.'::,< !3enii Po#iiei or!5u#ui Pite5ti !$#!i *n e8ercit!re! !tri)uiuni#or de
(erviciu<#-!u o"rit *n tr!$ic "e incu#"!t c!re conduce! !utoturi(4u# 4!rc! D!ci!
Bre!K< cu nr. de *n4!tricu#!re DB :6 HHL<("re A#)ot! <"entru un contro# de rutin+.
Se 4!i con(t!t+ c+ incu#"!tu# ! $o(t te(t!t cu un !"!r!t eti#ote(t i!r re.u#t!tu# ! $o(t
c+ !ce(t! "re.int+ o concentr!ie de 1<-6 43 ># !#coo# "ur *n !eru# e8"ir!t i!r *n
ur4! !n!#i.e#or de #!)or!tor ! reie5it c+ incu#"!tu# !ve! o !#coo#e4ie de '</: 3r.
:>::< re("ectiv '<'2 3r. ::: !#coo# "ur *n (9n3e< nive# con(t!t!t "rin Bu#etinu# de
!n!#i.+ to8ico#o3ic+C!#coo#e4ie nr.1--:> 1--1> '1.1:.'::, e#i)er!t de Serviciu#
Hudee!n de Medicin+ Le3!#+ Ar3e5.
Pri4! in(t!n+ ! 4!i con(t!t!t c+ <#! d!t! de :/.1'.'::,<incu#"!tu# #! un !#t
contro# !# !3eni#or de "o#iie din c!dru# Po#iiei Pite5ti ! $o(t de"i(t!t din nou
incu#"!tu# *n ti4" ce conduce! !utoturi(4u# "ro"riu du"+ ce ! con(u4!t )+uturi
!#coo#ice. L! te(t!re! cu !"!r!tu# eti#ote(t< re.u#t!tu# ! $o(t de :<&& 43># !#coo# "ur
*n !eru# e8"ir!t i!r *n ur4! !n!#i.e#or de #!)or!tor (-! reinut c+ incu#"!tu# !ve! o
!#coo#e4ie de 1<6: 3r.:::< re("ectiv 1</2 3r.:>:: !#coo# "ur *n (9n3e< nive#
con(t!t!t "rin )u#etinu# de !n!#i.+ to8ico#o3ic+C!#coo#e4ie
nr.12'/>12'2>11.1'.'::, e#i)er!t de Serviciu# Hudee!n de Medicin+ Le3!#+ Ar3e5.
A4)e#e in$r!ciuni (e !r!t+ c+ !u $o(t co4i(e de c+tre incu#"!t *n condiii#e *n
c!re i-! $o(t !nu#!t "er4i(u# de conducere *n ur4! "ronun+rii (entinei "en!#e
nr./12>-1.1:.'::& *n do(!r nr./16/>':&>'::& de c+tre Hudec!tori! Pite5ti< "rin c!re
! $o(t cond!4n!t #! "ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re "entru co4itere!
in$r!ciunii de conducere (u) in$#uen! )+uturi#or !#coo#ice< !$#9ndu-(e *n cur(u#
ter4enu#ui de *ncerc!re de - !ni 5i / #uni .
-'
R!"ort!t #! (t!re! de $!"t 4!i (u( reinut+ - recuno(cut+< de !#t$e#< de c+tre
incu#"!t - "ri4! in(t!n+ ! con(t!t!t c+< *n dre"t< $!"te#e incu#"!tu#ui de ! conduce
"e dru4uri#e "u)#ice *n 4od re"et!t<un !utoveAicu#< cu "er4i(u# de conducere
!nu#!t 5i !v9nd o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ de "e(te :<,: 3># !#coo# "ur *n (9n3e< *ntrune(c
e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e in$r!ciuni#or "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#.' (i ,& !#.1 din
OUG nr.112>'::' re". 5i !rt.,6 !#in.' 5i !rt.,& !#in.1 din OUG nr.112>'::'
re".<to!te cu !"#ic!re! !rt.-- #it. ! 5i !rt.-& !#in. 1 #it. ! Cod "en!#.
0n virtute! te8te#or #e3!#e 4!i (u( 4enion!te 5i ! di("o.iii#or !rt. &' Cod "en!#<
"ri4! in(t!n+ ! re.o#v!t !ciune! "en!#+ "rin cond!4n!re! incu#"!tu#ui "entru
$iec!re din in$r!ciuni #! "ede"(e#e 4enion!te 4!i (u(.
S-! con(t!t!t c+ !ce(te in$r!ciuni (e !$#+ *n concur( re!# "rev+.ut de !rt. -- #it.
E!F Cod "en!#.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt.-/ !#in.1 #it. ) Cod "en!# (-!u conto"it "ede"(e#e
(t!)i#ite "entru in$r!ciuni#e concurente 5i (-! !"#ic!t incu#"!tu#ui "ede!"(! ce! 4!i
3re!< de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!# <(-! revoc!t (u("end!re!
condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii "ede"(ei de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re !"#ic!t+ incu#"!tu#ui
"rin (entin! "en!#+ nr./12 >-1.1:.'::& "ronun!t+ de Hudec+tori! Pite5ti *n do(!r
nr./16/>':&>'::&< de$initiv+ "rin ne!"e#!re< cu4u#9nd !rit4etic "re.ent! "ede!"(+<
de ' !ni *ncAi(o!re cu "ede!"(+ de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re.
0n )!.! di("o.iii#or !rt. ,- !#in.1 Cod "en!# (-! di("u( e8ecut!re! *n *ntre3i4e de
c+tre incu#"!t ! "ede"(ei re.u#t!nte de - !ni 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re.
0n te4eiu# !rt.&1 !#in.1 5i ' Cod "en!#. (-! inter.i( incu#"!tu#ui e8ercit!re!
dre"turi#or "rev+.ute de !rt.6/ !#in. 1 #it.! te.! II<) 5i c din !ce#!5i cod.
;!+ de Aot+r9re! Hir(t contr! M!rii Brit!nii 5i Ir#!ndei de Nord din -: 4!rtie '::/
--
"rin c!re C.E.D.O. ! (t!tu!t c! o interdicie !)(o#ut+ de ! vot!< i4"u(+ tuturor
deinui#or nu intr+ *n 4!r7! de !"reciere ! (t!tu#ui< $iind vio#!t !rt. - din Protoco#u#
nr. 1 !# Conveniei< *ntruc9t nu e8i(t+ o #e3!tur+ *ntre interdici! votu#ui 5i
"revenire! in$r!ciuni#or (!u (co"u# rein(eriei (oci!#e ! in$r!ctori#or< (e i4"une
*n#+tur!re! din coninutu# "ede"(ei !cce(orii !"#ic!te incu#"!tu#ui inter.icere!
dre"tu#ui de ! vot! "rev+.ut *n !rt. 6/ !#in. =1? #it. !? te.! I C. "en. Interdici!
dre"turi#or e#ector!#e tre)uie (+ $ie !"#ic!t+ cu re("ect!re! "rinci"iu#ui
"ro"ortion!#it+ii *n $iec!re c!. *n "!rte. Ori< $!+ de n!tur! in$r!ciunii co4i(+ de
incu#"!t< "recu4 5i $!+ de 3r!du# concret de "erico# (oci!#< in(t!n! con(ider+ c+ nu
(e i4"une interdici! dre"tu#ui e#ector!# de ! !#e3e.
0n )!.! di(".!rt.-/1 r!". #! !rt.111 !#in.1 C.".civ.<! $o(t o)#i3!t incu#"!tu# #! "#!t!
(u4ei de -:: de #ei< cAe#tuie#i 7udici!re c+tre (t!t.
04"otriv! !ce(tei (entine ! dec#!r!t !"e# incu#"!tu# S. G. "entru 4otive#e
e8"u(e *n "!rte! introductiv+ ! deci.iei.
In(t!n! ! con(t!t!t c+ !"e#u# e(te $ond!t *n #i4ite#e 5i condiii#e de 4!i 7o(.
Pentru !ce!(t+ conc#u.ie (e reine c+ (entin! "ronun!t+ de "ri4! in(t!n+ e(te
te4einic+ (u) !("ectu# con(t!t+rii "e )!.+ de "ro)e conc#udente ! $!"tu#ui
in$r!ciuni#or !v9nd *nc!dr!re! 7uridic+ 4enion!t+ 4!i (u( <!$#!te *n concur( re!#
condor 4!rt. -- #it. ! Cod "en!#. Iinov+i! incu#"!tu#ui c! !titudine "(iAic+ $!+ de
$!"te#e "en!#e re.u#t+ din conduit! !ce(tui! *n condiii de "re.ent+ !
di(cern+49ntu#ui.
0n !ce(te condiii *n 4od te4einic "ri4! in(t!n+ ! re.o#v!t !ciune! "en!#+ "rin
cond!4n!re! incu#"!tu#ui "entru $iec!re din ce#e / in$r!ciuni.
O"er!iune! de individu!#i.!re ! "ede"(e#or "entru !ce(te in$r!ciuni e(te
core("un.+to!re criterii#or 3ener!#e "rev+.ute de !rt. &' Cod "en!# 5i "!rticu#!re !#e
c!u.ei do!r cu "rivire #! ce#e dou+ in$r!ciuni "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#in. ' din OUG
-/
nr. 112>'::' re". "rin (t!)i#ire! unor nive#uri cu c9te 6 #uni *ncAi(o!re *n "#u( $!+
de 4ini4u# ("eci!#. Cu "rivire #! ce#e#!#te dou+ in$r!ciuni "rev+.ute de !rt. ,& !#in.
1 din !ce#!5i OUG (e reine c+ !ce#e!5i criterii i4"un c! *n vedere! re!#i.+rii
(co"u#ui !ce(tor (!nciuni "rin nive#u# #or c! !ce(t! (+ $ie *n !ce!5i 4+(ur+ *n "#u(
$!+ de 4ini4u# ("eci!#. Ar3u4entu# e(te !ce#! c+ <de5i !"e#!ntu# incu#"!t "re.int+
!ntecedente "en!#e ce con(tituie "ri4u# ter4en ! recidivei "rev+.ut+ de !rt. -& !#in.
1 #it. ) Cod "en!# "rin r!"ort!re #! "re.ente#e in$r!ciuni ce con(tituie ce# de-!#
doi#e! ter4en totu5i "ronun!re! unor "ede"(e "rinci"!#e cu *ncAi(o!re! *n !ce(te
condiii v! deter4in! "e incu#"!t (+-5i coordone.e (u) !("ect vo#itiv conduit! du"+
ce *n "re!#!)i# v! con5tienti.! "e de"#in (t!re! de "erico# cre!t+ "entru "!rtici"!nii
#! tr!$icu# !uto.
Pe de !#t+ "!rte <(e con(t!t+ c+ *n c!u.+ (e i4"une! c! *n vedere! re!#i.+rii
(co"u#ui 4enion!t !nterior (+ (e $!c+ !"#ic!i! nor4e#or cu c!r!cter di("o.itiv !#e
!rt. -/ !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!#< cu "rivire #! ("orire! "ede"(ei 4!i 3re#e !"#ic!t+ #!
conto"ire! $+cut+ "entru in$r!ciuni#e concurente con$or4 !rt. -- #it. ! Cod "en!# de
$!+<*n condiii#e !ce(tei nor4e "en!#e. Cu to!te !ce(te!< !"#ic!re! !ce(tor nor4e nu
4!i e(te "o(i)i#+ *ntruc9t (e *nc!#c+ !(t$e# e$ectu# ne!3r!v+rii (itu!iei *n "ro"ri!
c!#e de !t!c ! incu#"!tu#ui !5! cu4 e(te re3#e4ent!t de !rt. -&' !#in. 1 Cod
"eocedur+ "en!#+.
Se 4!i con(t!t+ c+ "rin (entin+ (-! di("u( *n 4od nete4einic (+ (e !"#ice *n
)!.! !rt. &1 !#in. 1 Cod "en!#< "ede!"(! !cce(orie de inter.icere ! dre"tu#ui
"rev+.ut de !rt. 6/ !#in. 1 #it. c Cod "en!# =dre"tu# de ! ocu"! o $uncie (!u de !
e8ercit! o "ro$e(ie ori de ! de($+5ur! o !ctivit!te de n!tur! !ce#ei! de c!re (-!
$o#o(it incu#"!tu# #! co4itere! in$r!ciuni#or?.Ar3u4entu# e(te !ce#! c+ !cte#e
4!teri!#e ce vi.e!.+ conducere! unui !utoveAicu# *n conte8tu# *n c!re !u $o(t
*ntre"rin(e de incu#"!t=$+r+ tit#u de !tri)uii de (erviciu 5i nici c! ocu"!ie ce (+ *i
-2
"rocure venituri ci "entru intere(e "er(on!#e cu c!r!cter oc!.ion!#? nu in de
e8erciiu# unei $uncii<"ro$e(ii ori !ctivit+i *n (en(u# #e3ii "en!#e.
A"+r+ri#e $or4u#!te *n c!u.+ de incu#"!t (e con(t!t+ c! ne$ond!te. A(t$e#
(u(inere! c+ in$r!ciuni#e co4i(e *n d!t! de '' oct. '::1 nu !u c!r!cter "en!#
*ntruc9t !u $o(t deter4in!te de (t!re! de nece(it!te "rev+.ut+ de !rt. /2 !#in. 1 5i '
Cod "en!# e(te #i"(it+ de te4ei *ntruc9t nu (unt *nde"#inite condiii#e "retin(e de
!ce(te din ur4+ nor4e 4!teri!# "en!#e. CAi!r d!c+ !cce"t+4 c! "er(o!n! ce
"re.int+ o !$eciune ce (-! 4!ni$e(t!t *n 4od !cut (e i4"une! (+ i (e !corde de
ur3en+ !(i(ten+ 4edic!#+< totu5i reine4 c+ incu#"!tu# !ve! "o(i)i#it!te! (+ recur3+
#! !#te 4i7#o!ce =(o#icit!re! unui t!8i ori ! unei !#te "er(o!ne c!re (+ conduc+
!utoveAicu#u# ce (+ duc+ )o#n!vu# #! unit!te! 4edic!#+. 0n "#u( <(e 4!i reine c+
in$r!ciuni#e "rev+.ute de !rt. ,6 !#in. ' din O.U.G. nr. 112>'::' re". (-!u
con(u4!t *n d!t! de '' oct. '::1 *nc+ din 4o4ente#e c9nd incu#"!tu# ! condu( "e
dru4uri#e "u)#ice !utoveAicu#u# !v9nd "er4i(u# !nu#!t 5i de !rt. ,& !#in. 1 din
!ce#!5i O.U.G. !tunci c9nd (-! !$#!t *n !cei!5i *4"re7ur!re de ! conduce
!utoveAicu#u# "e dru4uri "u)#ice !v9nd o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ ce de"+5e5te #i4it!
#e3!#+ cu oc!.i! de"#!(+rii (!#e c+tre do4ici#iu# din co4un! A#)ot! 7ud. Ar3e5 !#
4!rtorei D. G 5i !# (ou#ui !ce(tei!< du"+ ce *n (e!r! de '1 oct. '::1 ! con(u4!t *n
4od <<co4)in!tF )+uturi !#coo#ice< *n condiii#e *n c!re (co"u# c+#+toriei er!
"er$ect!re! unui contr!ct de v9n.!re cu4"+r!re ! unei 4!5ini 5i nu !(i3ur!re!
!(i(tenei 4edic!#e ! !ce(tei din ur4+ "er(o!ne. De !cee!< !cte#e 4!teri!#e !#e
incu#"!tu#ui c! !tunci c9nd (-! !$#!t #! !ce(te "er(o!ne (+ continue (+ con(u4e
!(t$e# de )+uturi 5i !"oi (+ conduc+ !utoveAicu#u# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice< *n !ce(te
condiii<nu dovede5te dec9t $or4! continu+ ! !ciunii ce ine de e#e4entu# 4!teri!#
!# in$r!ciuni#or "rin !tin3ere! 4o4entu#ui e"ui.+rii !ce(tei!.
Conc#u.ii#e din de.)!teri#e ce (e re$er+ #! individu!#i.!re! *n continu!re !
"ede"(ei (e con(t!t+ c+ (unt #i"(ite de te4ei. Pe de o "!rte < conduit! (incer+ !
-6
incu#"!tu#ui de5i *i con$er+ !ce(tui! voc!ie #! circu4(t!n! !tenu!nt+ "rev+.ut+ de
!rt. &/ !#in. 1 #it. c Cod "en!# nu i4"une "entru in(t!n+ (+ $!c+ !"#ic!i! !ce(tor
nor4e cu c!r!cter di("o.itiv deo!rece (-!r !7un3e !(t$e# #! nive#uri !#e "ede"(e#or
"ronun!te co)or9te (u) 4ini4e#e ("eci!#e c!re !r $i in(u$iciente "entru re!#i.!re!
(co"u#ui 4enion!t !nterior<"rin r!"ort!re #! ce#e#!#te criterii ="er(everen+
in$r!cion!#+ ! incu#"!tu#ui<circu4(t!ne#e $!"te#or "en!#e<etc.?.Ace#e!5i !r3u4ente
(e rein 5i cu "rivire #! c!r!cteru# ne$ond!t !# invoc+rii dre"t circu4(t!n+ !tenu!nt+
7udec+tore!(c+ "rev+.ut+ de !rt. &/ !#in. ' Cod "en!# ! (t+rii de (+n+t!te !
incu#"!tu#ui. 0n ce "rive5te re$erire! #! individu!#i.!re! "ede"(ei !"#ic!t+ #!
conto"ire "rin (u("end!re! condiion!t+ ori (u) (u"r!ve3Aere ! !ce(tei! (e con(t!t+
c+ !ce!(t! nu e(te "er4i(+ de #e3e *ntruc9t nu (unt *nde"#inite condiii#e i4"u(e de
!rt. ,1 !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# c! incu#"!tu# (+ nu 4!i $i $o(t cond!4n!t !nterior #!
"ede!"(! *ncAi(orii 4!i 4!re de 6 #uni="entru "ri4! $or4+ de (u("end!re? 5i !rt. ,6
!#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# de ! nu 4!i $i $o(t cond!4n!t #! "ede!"(! *ncAi(orii 4!i
4!re de 1 !n="entru ce! de ! dou! $or4+? <*n condiii#e *n c!re cond!4n!re! (! #!
"ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re "rin (entin! "en!#+ nr. /12>-1.1:.'::& !
Hudec+toriei Pite5ti nu e(te cu"rin(+ *ntre c!.uri#e de e8ce"ie "rev+.ute de !rt. -,
Cod "en!#.
0n con(ecin+<"rin deci.i! nr. && "ronun!t+ #! d!t! de & !"ri#ie ':1: *n do(!ru#
nr. 6:2:>':&>'::1 @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5 ! !d4i( !"e#u# incu#"!tu#ui <! de($iin!t *n
"!rte (entin! (u) !("ect "en!# *n (en(u# c+ (-! di("u( con$or4 ce#or 4enion!te
!nterior<de(conto"indu-(e 4!i *nt9i "ede!"(! re.u#t!nt+ !"#ic!t+ #! conto"ire de
"ri4! in(t!n+ < !"oi reduc9ndu-(e ce#e dou+ "ede"(e !#e *ncAi(orii 4enion!te
!nterior< du"+ c!re (-!u conto"it "ede"(e#e din "re.ent! c!u.+ *n noi#e condiii
con$or4 !rt. -- #it. ! r!". #! !rt. -/ !#in. 1 #it. ) Cod "en!# "rin !"#ic!re! "ede"(ei
4!i 3re#e i!r *n )!.! !rt. ,- Cod "en!# (-! cu4u#!t !ce!(t! din ur4+ "ede!"(+ cu
"ede!"(! de 1 !n 5i / #uni *ncAi(o!re "entru c!re (-! revoc!t (u("end!re!
-&
condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii< (-! (t!)i#it "ede!"(! tot!#+ ! *ncAi(orii < (-! *n#+tur!t
"ede!"(! co4"#e4ent!r+ 4enion!t+ !nterior c! nete4einic+ 5i (-! 4eninut re(tu#
di("o.iii#or (entinei.
Co+entariu:
26ndeplinirea condi.iilor strii de necesitate cu caracter de cauz care
nltur caracterul penal al faptei.Neagravarea situa.iei inculpatului n propria
cale de atac. Neinciden.a pedepsei accesorii prevzut de art. 8( Cod penal
raportat la art. "9 alin. ( lit. c Cod penal, privind interzicerea pe ti+pul deten.iei a
dreptului de a desf'ura o activitate de natura celei de care s/a folosit
conda+natul la co+iterea infrac.iunii n cazul conducerii unui autove:icul pe
dru+ pu-lic fr titlu de o-liga.ie decurg,nd din profesie , func.ie sau o activitate
n sensul legii.5
Con(ider o 3re5e!#+ *nc!dr!re! $!"te#or< c! $iind $!"te c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru#
"en!# !# !ce(tor!< in9nd (e!4! c+ er! vor)! de un cu4u# de 3re5e#i "e !cee!5i
te4+< incu#"!tu# devenind cAi!r un "erico# (oci!# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice< de 4!i
4u#te ori.
/3>3 EEe!ci(a!ea 9'9i &!ep( -a9 ='&epli'i!ea 9'ei %,li@a*ii
/3>31 N%*i9'e )i c%'&i*ii
!otrivit art% +) Noul cod penal,6)) este justificat fapta prevzut de legea
penal const5nd n e7ercitarea unui drept recunoscut de lege sau n ndeplinirea
unei obligaii i*puse de lege, cu respectarea condiiilor "i li*itelor prevzute de
aceasta%
6+) Este de ase*enea justificat fapta prevzut de legea penal, const5nd n
ndeplinirea unei obligaii i*puse de autoritatea co*petent, n for*a prevzut
de lege, dac aceasta nu este n *od vdit ilegal
+3
%
'&
-,
E(te o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ con(!cr!t+ e8"#icit de nou# Cod "en!#< (u) i4"eriu#
Codu#ui din 1161< e! con(tituind o c!u.+ e8tr!#e3!#+< !(t$e# c+ nou! re3#e4ent!re
nu !re core("ondent *n di("o.iii#e !ce(tui cod.
C!r!cteru# (+u 7u(ti$ic!tiv *5i !re $und!4entu# *n unit!te! ordinii 7uridice<
c+ci nu !r $i de conce"ut c! o !ctivit!te !utori.!t+ (!u ordon!t+ de o nor4+ 7uridic+
(+ $ie con(ider!t+ i#icit+ de c+tre o !#t+ nor4+.
0n cee! ce "rive5te e8ercit!re! unui dre"t< *n doctrin+ (e !r!t+ c+ !ce(t! *5i
"o!te !ve! i.voru# !t9t *ntr-o #e3e *n (en( re(tr9n(< c9t 5i *n !#te !cte nor4!tive
=Aot+r9ri< !cte !d4ini(tr!tive individu!#e? (!u *n cutu4+.
Cu tit#u e8e4"#i$ic!tiv< 4+ voi o"ri *n ce#e ce ur4e!.+ !(u"r! c9torv! (itu!ii *n
c!re e8ercit!re! unui dre"t !"!re c! o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+.
a& dreptul de corec.ie al prin.ilor asupra copiilor +inori
Con(ider!t de 4!7orit!te! doctrinei c! un dre"t de (or3inte cutu4i!r+<
dre"tu# "+rini#or de ! !"#ic! une#e corecii de 4ic+ 3r!vit!te co"ii#or #or< e(te
(u(ce"ti)i# de ! *n#+tur! c!r!cteru# i##icit *n c!.u# unor $!"te de 3r!vit!te redu(+
=!4enin!re! etc.?.
Av9nd *n vedere 4odi$ic+ri#e #e3i(#!tive din u#ti4ii !ni cu inciden+ *n do4eniu#
"roteciei dre"turi#or co"i#u#ui< tre)uie (+ !d4ite4 c+ *n "re.ent *n ($er! dre"tu#ui
de corecie nu (e 4!i "o!te inc#ude 5i dre"tu# de ! e8ercit! vio#ene $i.ice< cAi!r de
4ic+ inten(it!te =a!(3 17> ali'3 1 Nou# Cod Pen!#?< !(t$e# c+ !ce(te! vor tre)ui
con(ider!te c! $!"te ne7u(ti$ic!te 5i !tunci c9nd !u $o(t co4i(e *n c!dru $!4i#i!# 5i
*n #e3+tur+ cu educ!re! 4inoru#ui.
Dre"tu# de corecie "o!te $i de#e3!t de c+tre "+rini *n $!vo!re! !#tor "er(o!ne
=educ!tori< "er(o!ne *n 3ri7! c+ror! e(te #+(!t 4inoru#?< d!r nu "o!te $i e8ercit!t de
"er(o!ne (tr+ine.
-& autorizarea oficial
De ce#e 4!i 4u#te ori !)(en! unei !utori.+ri din "!rte! or3!nu#ui de (t!t
co4"etent !"!re c! un e#e4ent con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii< !(t$e# c+ !utori.!re!
-1
*n#+tur+ *n(+5i "revedere! $!"tei *n #e3e! "en!#+. 0n i"ote.! *n c!re #e3iuitoru# nu !
"rev+.ut !ce(t e#e4ent con(titutiv< e8i(ten! unei !utori.+ri !re (e4ni$ic!i! unei
c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive. A5! de "i#d+< e8Au4!re! unui c!d!vru *ntrune5te e#e4ente#e
con(titutive !#e $!"tei "rev+.ute de a!(3 >8> Nou# Cod Pen!#.< *n(+ !tunci c9nd (-!
e$ectu!t cu !utori.!i! e4i(+ de or3!nu# de (t!t co4"etent< nu v! !ve! c!r!cter i#icit
5i< deci< nu v! con(titui in$r!ciune.
c& e4ercitarea unor drepturi ale creditorului
S"re e8e4"#u< dre"tu# de retenie< recuno(cut de doctrin+ 5i 7uri("ruden+ *n
$!vo!re! creditoru#ui cu "rivire #! )unu# de)itoru#ui "9n+ #! e8ecut!re! o)#i3!ii#or
n+(cute *n #e3+tur+ cu #ucru# re("ectiv< con(tituie o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ *n c!.u#
$!"tei de !)u. de *ncredere =a!(3 />8 Nou# Cod Pen!#? co4i(+ *n 4od!#it!te!
re$u.u#ui de re(tituire.
0n cee! ce "rive5te ndeplinirea unei o-liga.ii< !ce!(t! "o!te !ve!
(e4ni$ic!i! unei c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive< indi$erent d!c+ e(te vor)! de o o)#i3!ie
i.vor9t+ direct dintr-o nor4+ 7uridic+ (!u dintr-o di("o.iie ! !utorit+ii.
S"re e8e4"#u< $!"t! de ! de4o#! un i4o)i# !"!rin9nd !#tei "er(o!ne
*ntrune5te e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e di(tru3erii "rev+.ut+ de a!(3 /4> Nou# Cod
Pen!#. D!c+ *n(+ de4o#!re! (e $!ce "entru "unere! *n e8ecut!re ! unei Aot+r9ri
7udec+tore5ti e4i(e *n !ce(t (en(< $!"t! nu v! contr!veni ordinii 7uridice 5i nu v!
con(titui in$r!ciune.
Atunci c9nd ordinu# de ! co4ite $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ ! $o(t e4i(
de o !utorit!te< e8ecut!re! (! con(tituie deci c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+< cu e8ce"i! (itu!iei
*n c!re ordinu# e(te v+dit i#e3!#. Prin ur4!re< e8ecut!re! unui ordin i#e3!# intr+ 5i e!
(u) inciden! c!u.ei 7u(ti$ic!tive< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re ordinu# nu e(te v+dit i#e3!#.
S"re e8e4"#u< "unere! *n e8ecut!re ! unui 4!nd!t de !re(t!re e4i( de
7udec+tor nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ ! ce#ui c!re #-! e8ecut!t< cAi!r 5i !tunci c9nd
!re(t!re! ! $o(t di("u(+ cu *nc+#c!re! re3u#i#or de co4"eten+ 4!teri!#+ =ordin
/:
ne#e3!#?. D!c+ *n(+ !re(t!re! ! $o(t di("u(+ de "ri4!ru# #oc!#it+ii< ordinu# e(te v+dit
i#e3!# 5i nu "o!te con(titui o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ "entru ce# c!re #-! e8ecut!t
',
.
/3C3 C%'-iB*:BF'(9l pe!-%a'ei .:(:Ba(e
/3C31 N%*i9'e
!otrivit art% ++ Noul Cod !enal,6)) este justificat fapta prevzut de legea
penal sv5r"it cu consi**5ntul persoanei vt*ate,dac aceasta putea s
dispun n *od legal de valoarea social lezat sau pus n pericol%
6+) Consi**5ntul persoanei vt*ate nu produce efecte n cazul infraciunilor
contra vieii, precu* "i atunci c5nd legea e7clude efectul justificativ al
acestuia
+&
%
Sunte4 5i de !ce!(t+ d!t+ *n "re.en! unei c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive nou-introdu(e<
di("o.iii#e a!(3 // Nou# Cod Pen!# ne!v9nd core("ondent *n Codu# "en!# din 1161.
@re)uie "reci.!t de #! *nce"ut< con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te "o!te
*nde"#ini 4!i 4u#te $uncii. E# "o!te con(titui o c!u.+ de *n#+tur!re ! unui e#e4ent
con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii< !tunci c9nd !)(en! con(i4+49ntu#ui !"!re c! un !(t$e#
de e#e4ent.
S"re e8e4"#u< $urtu# e(te #u!re! unui )un 4o)i# din "o(e(i! (!u deteni!
!#tui! fr consi+.+,ntul acestuia =a!(3 //8 Nou# Cod Pen!#?.
O !#t+ "o(i)i#+ $uncie ! con(i4+49ntu#ui< c!re ne intere(e!.+ *n !ce(t conte8t<
con(t+ *n !"titudine! (! de ! *n#+tur! *n !nu4ite c!.uri c!r!cteru# ne7u(ti$ic!t !#
$!"tei< cu !#te cuvinte de ! o"er! c! 5i c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+. A(t$e#< con(i4+49ntu#
!"!re c! o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ *n c!.u# !ce#or in$r!ciuni "rin c!re (e "rote7e!.+ o
',
S@RE@EANU < ;#orin< MOROGANU< R!#uc!< 3nstitu.ii 'i infrac.iuni n Noul Cod Penal<
Bucure5ti< ':1:< ".&1-&-.
'1
/1
v!#o!re !# c+rei "urt+tor e(te "er(o!n! $i.ic+ (!u 7uridic+ (u)iect "!(iv 5i de c!re
!ce(t (u)iect "o!te di("une.
/3C3/ C%'&i*ii &e .ala,ili(a(e a c%'-iB*:BF'(9l9iD
a& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s fie vala-il e4pri+at
Ace!(t! *n(e!4n+ *n "ri4u# r9nd c+ titu#!ru# v!#orii (oci!#e ocrotite tre)uie
(+ $ie o "er(o!n+ c!re *ne#e3e (e4ni$ic!i! !ctu#ui (+u de di("o.iie 5i *# $!ce *n
cuno5tin+ de c!u.+. I!#!)i#it!te! con(i4+49ntu#ui nu e(te< *n(+< condiion!t+ de
e8i(ten! c!"!cit+ii de e8erciiu din dre"tu# civi#. 0n !ce(t (en( (-! "ronun!t 5i
"r!ctic! no!(tr+ 7udici!r+ cu "rivire #! de#i4it!re! in$r!ciunii de vio# $!+ de ce! de
!ct (e8u!# cu un 4inor< rein9nd vio#u# !tunci c9nd d!torit+ v9r(tei victi4! nu !ve!
re"re.ent!re! !ctu#ui "e c!re *# co4ite< $+r+ ! $!ce< *n(+< vreo re$erire #! c!"!cit!te!
civi#+.
Nu e8i(t+< *n(+< de re3u#+< condiii re$erito!re #! $or4! "e c!re con(i4+49ntu#
tre)uie (+ o *4)r!ce< e# $iind v!#!)i# indi$erent d!c+ ! $o(t e8"ri4!t *n $or4+ or!#+
(!u (cri(+. M!i 4u#t<con(i4+49ntu# "o!te $i cAi!r t!cit< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re con(t+
*ntr-un co4"ort!4ent univoc !# titu#!ru#ui dre"tu#ui.
S"re e8e4"#u< de $!+ cu "ro"riet!ru# unui )un< cinev! *# di(tru3e< i!r
"ro"riet!ru# nu $!ce ni4ic "entru !-# *4"iedic! (!u de.!"ro)!.@otu5i< *n !nu4ite
c!.uri< d!torit+ i4"ort!nei v!#orii (oci!#e ocrotite 5i ! ri(cu#ui co4iterii unor
!)u.uri<con(i4+49ntu# tre)uie (+ *4)r!ce o !nu4it+ $or4+ cerut+ de #e3e. A5! de
"i#d+< a!(3 1CC din Le@ea '!3 74G/00A i4"une *n 4!teri! "re#ev+rii 5i tr!n("#!ntu#ui
de e(uturi 5i or3!ne u4!ne o (erie de condiii de $or4+ "entru con(i4+49nt.
A(t$e#< !ce(t! tre)uie d!t *n $or4+ (cri(+< con$or4 unui 4ode# (t!)i#it "rin #e3e<cu
!vi.u# co4i(iei de !vi.!re ! don+rii etc.
-& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s fie actual
Ace!(t+ condiie i4"#ic+ $!"tu# c+ e# tre)uie (+ e8i(te #! 4o4entu# co4iterii
in$r!ciunii C deci (+ $ie e8"ri4!t "9n+ ce# t9r.iu #! 4o4entu# "ri4u#ui !ct de
/'
e8ecut!re C 5i (+ (e 4enin+ "e to!t+ "erio!d! co4iterii !ciunii. O r!ti$ic!re
u#terio!r+ ! !ctu#ui co4i( nu ecAiv!#e!.+ cu un con(i4+49nt.
c& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s priveasc o valoare social de care titularul poate
dispune
Ace!(t+ condiie con(tituie nuc#eu# "ro)#e4!ticii re$erito!re #! v!#idit!te!
con(i4+49ntu#ui c! 5i c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ 5i< *n !ce#!5i ti4"< "rinci"!#! #i4it+ *n
"rivin! ($erei $!"te#or cu "rivire #! c!re "o!te o"er!.
Se con(ider+ c! $iind di("oni)i#e !ce#e dre"turi c!re nu "re.int+ o i4edi!t+
uti#it!te (oci!#+ 5i c!re (unt recuno(cute de (t!t *n "ri4u# r9nd "entru ! !(i3ur!
con$ortu# individu#ui. A(t$e#< e(te e8c#u(+ re#ev!n! c! 5i c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+ !
con(i4+49ntu#ui *n c!.u# $!"te#or c!re !duc !tin3ere unui intere( co#ectiv< !5! cu4
(e *nt94"#+ *n c!.u# in$r!ciuni#or contr! (i3ur!nei (t!tu#ui< contr! *n$+"tuirii
7u(tiiei< contr! (+n+t+ii "u)#ice etc.
Con(tituie< *n (cAi4)< dre"turi di("oni)i#e 4!7orit!te! dre"turi#or
"!tri4oni!#e. A(t$e#< *n "rinci"iu< orice "ro"riet!r "o!te con(i4i c! )unu# (+u (+ $ie
di(tru( de o !#t+ "er(o!n+. E8i(t+< *n(+< 5i o e8ce"ie. Atunci c9nd #e3e!
incri4ine!.+ di(tru3ere! )unu#ui "ro"riu de c+tre *n(u5i "ro"riet!r<con(i4+49ntu#
e(te ine$icient< "entru c+ "ro"riet!ru# nu "o!te tr!n(4ite !#tui! un dre"t "e c!re nu *#
!re.0n cee! ce "rive5te dre"turi#e inti4 #e3!te de "er(o!n! titu#!ru#ui< (itu!i! e(te
4u#t 4!i co4"#e8+. Se con(ider+ *n 4!7orit!te! (i(te4e#or 7uridice !ctu!#e c! $iind
indi("oni)i# dre"tu# #! vi!+< eut!n!(i! $iind (!ncion!t+ 5i *n dre"tu# no(tru.
A#te dre"turi individu!#e =(+n+t!te< inte3rit!te cor"or!#+<#i)ert!te< de4nit!te<
ono!re? (unt con(ider!te dre"turi di("oni)i#e *n "rinci"iu< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re
con(i4+49ntu# d!t nu !re c! e$$ect o (!cri$ic!re tot!#+ ! dre"tu#ui *n c!u.+ (!u nu
e(te contr!r ordinii "u)#ice (!u )une#or 4or!vuri.
d& consi+.+,ntul tre-uie s provin de la titularul valorii sociale ocrotite
/-
S"re e8e4"#u< *n c!.u# in$r!ciuni#or contr! $!4i#iei<con(i4+49ntu# e(te
#i"(it de e$ecte< "entru c+ titu#!ru# v!#orii (oci!#e ocrotite e(te (ociet!te! 5i nu unu#
dintre (oi. De !cee!<con(i4+49ntu# (oiei "entru *ncAeiere! de c+tre (o ! unei noi
c+(+torii nu 7u(ti$ic+ in$r!ciune! de )i3!4ie.
Ce# 4!i !de(e!< con(i4+49ntu# e(te e8"ri4!t "er(on!# de c+tre !utor< d!r nu
e(te e8c#u(+ de plano nici "o(i)i#it!te! e8"ri4+rii con(i4+49ntu#ui "rintr-un
re"re.ent!nt. A5! de "i#d+<"ro"riet!ru# unui )un "o!te de#e3! unui !d4ini(tr!tor
dre"tu# de ! con(i4i #! di(tru3ere! !ce(tui!. E8i(t+ *n(+ 5i v!#ori (oci!#e inti4
#e3!te de "er(o!n! titu#!ru#ui< *n c!.u# c+ror! con(i4+49ntu# nu (e "o!te e8"ri4!
de o !#t+ "er(o!n+.
S"re e8e4"#u<con(i4+49ntu# 4!4ei c! un )+r)!t (+ !i)+ un r!"ort (e8u!#
cu $iic! (! nu !re nicio v!#o!re *n #i"(! con(i4+49ntu#ui "er(on!# !# $iicei.
e& consi+.+,ntul s fie deter+inat
Con(i4+49ntu# nu e(te v!#!)i# !tunci c9nd ur4+ri#e !ciunii con(i4ite nu
"ot $i deter4in!te !nterior co4iterii $!"tei.
Nu e(te< *n(+< inco4"!ti)i#+ cu condii! c!r!cteru#ui deter4in!t !#
con(i4+49ntu#ui< e$ectu!re! !ciunii de c+tre un nu4+r nedeter4in!t de "er(o!ne<
d!c+ !ce!(t! ! $o(t voin! titu#!ru#ui dre"tu#ui.
S"re e8e4"#u< "ro"riet!ru# unei #ive.i !nun+ c+ oricine "o!te (+ cu#e!3+
$ructe#e r+4!(e *n #iv!d+.0n 4+(ur! *n c!re !ce(te condiii (unt reunite< tre)uie
recuno(cute con(i4+49ntu#ui "er(o!nei v+t+4!te e$ecte (i4i#!re oric+rei c!u.e
7u(ti$ic!tive. A5! $iind< $!"t! nu v! con(titui in$r!ciune. M!i 4u#t< !v9nd *n vedere
c+ eventu!#u# "re7udiciu (e "roduce *n d!un! ce#ui c!re ! con(i4it #! co4itere!
$!"tei< nu (e v! "ute! !n3!7! nici r+("undere! civi#+ *n (!rcin! ce#ui c!re ! co4i(
!ciune! con(i4it+.
CAP3III3 CAU#ELE DE NEIMPUTABILITATE
0n nou# Cod "en!#< a!(3/>3 Di-p%i*ii @e'e!ale, !"!r ur4+to!re#e !#ine!teD
//
=1? Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< d!c+ ! $o(t co4i(+ *n
condiii#e vreunei! dintre c!u.e#e de nei4"ut!)i#it!te.
='? E$ectu# c!u.e#or de nei4"ut!)i#it!te nu (e e8tinde !(u"r! "!rtici"!ni#or< cu
e8ce"i! c!.u#ui $ortuit
-:
.
>313C%'-(!F'@e!ea +iic:
>31313 N%*i9'e )i ca!ac(e!ia!e
0n !rt./6 din !ctu!#u# Cod "en!# (unt re3#e4ent!te dou+ c!u.e di(tincte< de
(ine (t+t+to!re< de *n#+tur!re ! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei 5i !nu4eDcon(tr9n3ere!
$i.ic+ 5i con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+.
0n !cce"iune! Nou#ui Cod "en!#< !rt.'/. Con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+-Nu e(te
i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ din c!u.! unei con(tr9n3eri
$i.ice c+rei! $+"tuitoru# nu i-! "utut re.i(t!
-1
.
Con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+ (!u $or! 4!7or+ e(te "re(iune! "e c!re o $or+ c+rei! nu
i (e "o!te re.i(t! o e8ercit+ !(u"r! ener3iei $i.ice ! unei !#te "er(on!e< *n !5! $e#
*nc9t< !ce!(t! co4ite o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< $iind *n i4"o(i)i#it!te!
$i.ic+ (+ !cione.e !#t$e#
-'
=e8e4"#u< 4i#it!ru# (ecAe(tr!t nu (e "o!te "re.ent! #!
unit!te< !c!ru# e(te i4o)i#i.!t de r+u$+c+tori 5i nu "o!te (cAi4)! 4!c!.u# #! c!#e!
$er!t+< etc.?.
Nu4ero!(e $!"te "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5ite (u) i4"eriu#
contr9n3erii $i.ice (unt $!"te de in!ciune =$+"tuitoru# e(te *4"iedic!t (+-5i
*nde"#ine!(c+ o)#i3!ii#e #e3!#e?. Gi $!"te#e de !ciune- c9nd $+"tuitoru# e(te un
(i4"#u in(tru4ent #! co4!nd! unei ener3ii (tr+ine - "ot $i (+v9r5ite (u) i4"eriu#
con(tr9n3erii $i.ice=e8e4"#u< o "er(o!n+ e(te *4"iedic!t+ 5i c!de "e(te un co"i#
v+t+49ndu-# etc.?.
-:
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".'1.
-1
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BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'22.<
/2
>313/3C%'&i*iile c%'-(!F'@e!ii +iice
!? E8i(ten! unei contr9n3eri !(u"r! $i.icu#ui unei "er(on!e. Aciune! de
contr9n3ere "o!te $i e8ercit!t+ de o "er(o!n+ $i.ic+ =i4o)i#i.!re< (ecAe(tr!re?B "o!te
"roveni din c!u.! unui "roce( $i.io#o3ic =e"i#e"(ie< (t!re de #e5in< etc.? c!re *n#+tur+
co4"#et orice "!rtici"!re ! "er(o!nei #! "roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui i##icitB "o!te $i
e8ercit!t+ de un !ni4!# "ericu#o( =c9ine dre(!t c!re i4o)i#i.e!.+ $+"tuitoru#? ori de
$ore#e n!turii =e8e4"#u< un v9nt "uternic "rovo!c+ v!#uri c!re !runc+
!4)!rc!iune! cu tot< cu "er(on!#u# n!vi3!nt #! 4!#< "rovoc9nd di(tru3ere! !#tor
n!ve etc.?
--
B
)? Con(tr9n3erii #! c!re ! $o(t (u"u(+ "er(o!n! (+ nu i (e $i "utut re.i(t!.
Per(o!n! con(tr9n(+ $i.ic tre)uie (+ (e !$#e *n (itu!i! de ! nu "ute! o"une o
re.i(ten+ e$ic!ce !ciunii de contr9n3ere< (+v9r5ind *n !ce(t $e# $!"t!.
Po(i)i#it!te! de ! re.i(t! con(tr9n3erii (e !"reci!.+ #! c!.u# concret< in9nd
(e!4!< deo"otriv+< de n!tur! 5i de inten(it!te! $orei de con(tr9n3ere< c! 5i de
c!"!cit!te! 5i (t!re! "(iAic+ ! "er(o!nei con(tr9n(e
-/
B
c? Su) i4"eriu# con(tr9n3erii $i.ice< "er(o!n! (+ co4it+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de
#e3e! "en!#+. Nu !re re#ev!n+ d!c+ $!"t! co4i(+ *4)r!c+ $or4! tent!tivei (!u !
in$r!ciunii con(u44!te< ori d!c+ $+"tuitoru# ! "!rtici"!t #! co4itere! ei *n c!#it!te
de !utor< in(ti3!tor (!u co4"#ice.
>313>3 E+ec(e D9!i&ice
--
GEORGE,Antoniu< ;inov.ia penal,Bucure5tiD Editur! Ac!de4iei< '::-< ".'21.
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BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'26.
/6
;!"t! (+v9r5it+ (u) i4"eriu# contr9n3erii $i.ice nu e(te in$r!ciune "entru c+
*i #i"(e5te vinov+i!. Ne$iind in$r!ciune< $!"t! nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+< i!r
r+("undere! civi#+< *n "rinci"iu< e(te 5i e! *n#+tur!t+
-2
.
>3/3 C%'-(!F'@e!ea B%!al:
>3/313 N%*i9'e
Con(t+ *n e8ercit!re! unei "re(iuni "e c!re o "er(o!n+ o re!#i.e!.+ "rin orice
4i7#o!ce !(u"r! "(iAicu#ui !#tei "er(on!e< *n !5! $e# *nc9t< (u) (t+"9nire! unei te4eri
3r!ve< "er(o!n! con(tr9n(+< nu-5i 4!i "o!te diri7! *n 4od #i)er voin! 5i (+v9r5e5te
o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ =e8e4"#u< (u) !4enin!re! cu "i(to#u#<
$uncion!ru# *ntoc4e5te un !ct $!#(?
-6
.
>3/3/3C%'&i*iile c%'-(!F'@e!ii B%!ale
S+ (e (+v9r5e!(c+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (u) i4"eriu# unei
con(tr9n3eri e8ercit!t+ "rin !4enin!reB
S+ e8i(te o !ciune de con(tr9n3ere e8ercit!t+ "rin !4enin!re cu un "erico#
3r!v c!re cree!.+ "er(o!nei !4enin!te un (enti4ent de te!4+ (u) i4"eriu# c+rei!
(+v9r5e5te $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
Perico#u# tre)uie (+ vi.e.e un r+u ire"!r!)i# (!u 3reu de re4edi!t.
O !(e4ene! 3r!vit!te !r "re.ent! !4enin+ri#e c!re (-!r re$eri #! v!#ori#e
(oci!#e #e3!te de "er(o!n! o4u#ui =vi!!< (+n+t!te!< #i)ert!te!< etc.?< !dic+ #! v!#ori
(u(ce"ti)i#e (+ cree.e o "uternic+ "re(iune "(iAic+ 5i (+ "!r!#i.e.e voin!
(u)iectu#ui
-&
.
0n "r!ctic! 7udici!r+< (-! deci( c+ nu e8i(t+ con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+ d!c+
incu#"!tu# - co4"#ice #! de#!"id!re - ! d!t !7utor !utoru#ui (+ co4it+ in$r!ciune!<
-2
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".12.
-6
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".12.
-&
PASCU, I#ie< Drept penal: Partea general, Bucure5tiD Editur! H!4!n3iu<'::&<".-',.
/&
d!torit+ te4erii "e c!re i-!u in("irit-o !4enin+ri#e !ce(tui! c+ *# v! *nde"+rt! din
(erviciu deo!rece e(te recidivi(t.
Perico#u# 3r!v cu c!re (e !4enin+ (+ nu "o!t+ $i *n#+tur!t !#t$e# dec9t "rin
(+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
D!c+ $+"tuitoru# "ute! *n#+tur! "erico#u# "rintr-o $!"t+ ne"rev+.ut+ de #e3e!
"en!#+< er! o)#i3!t (+ (+v9r5e!(c+ o !(t$e# de $!"t+.
St!)i#ire! evit!)i#it+ii ori inevit!)i#it+ii "erico#u#ui "e !#t+ c!#e e(te o
"ro)#e4+ ce (e re.o#v+ *n concret *n $uncie de *4"re7ur+ri#e *n c!re ! !vut #oc< c9t
5i de "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui
-,
.
>3/3>3 E+ec(ele c%'-(!F'@e!ii B%!ale
;!"t! co4i(+ (u) i4"eriu# con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e nu e(te in$r!ciune deo!rece
#i"(e5te vinov+i!. 0n con(ecin+< nu e(te !ntren!t+ nici r+("undere! "en!#+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui.
1pe.:
C%'-(!F'@e!e B%!al:3 C%'&i*ii3 Da!e &e Bi(:3 P!%.%ca!ea ac9a(9l9i &e c:(!e
%!@a'ele D9&icia!e
Cuprins pe *aterii8 Drept penal. Partea general. 3nfrac.iunea. Cauzele
care nltur caracterul penal al faptei
9ndice alfabetic8 Drept penal
- constr,ngere +oral
- dare de +it
- provocarea acuzatului de ctre organele judiciare
C3 pe'3, !rt. /6 !#in. ='?< !rt. '22
-,
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'2&.
/,
1. Con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+< c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
"rev+.ut+ *n !rt. /6 !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< "re(u"une *nde"#inire! ur4+to!re#or
condiiiD (+ e8i(te o !ciune de con(tr9n3ere e8ercit!t+ de o "er(o!n+ !(u"r!
"(iAicu#ui unei !#te "er(o!ne< "rin !4enin!reB !4enin!re! (+ cree.e un "erico#
3r!v "entru $+"tuitor (!u "entru o !#t+ "er(o!n+< *n c!.u# *n c!re nu !r (+v9r5i $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B "erico#u# cu c!re (e !4enin+ (+ nu "o!t+ $i *n#+tur!t
dec9t "rin (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+.
E$ectu!re! unor cercet+ri 7udici!re (t!nd!rd ("eci$ice (o#uion+rii c!u.e#or
"en!#e de c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< "rin c!re - cAi!r d!c+ (-!r $i $in!#i.!t cu
tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+ ! incu#"!tu#ui - nu (e cre! un "erico# 3r!v "entru "er(o!n! (!
*n c!.u# *n c!re nu !r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! de d!re de 4it+< nu *ntrune5te condiii#e
con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e 5i< *n con(ecin+< nu *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
"rev+.ute *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod "en!# cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr.
&,>':::.
'. 0n #u4in! 7uri("rudenei Curii Euro"ene ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui< nu "o!te $i
reinut+ "rovoc!re! !cu.!tu#ui de c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re inteni!
in$r!cion!#+ 5i "redi("o.ii! de ! co4ite in$r!ciune! e8i(t!u de7!< inteni!
in$r!cion!#+ ne$iind cre!t+ "rin !ciune! or3!ne#or 7udici!re< i!r !utorit+i#e
7udici!re !ve!u 4otive *nte4ei!te (+ (u("ecte.e !ctivit+i#e i#icite !#e "er(o!nei
!cu.!te.
I.C.C.H.< Seci! "en!#+< deci.i! nr. 1,6- din 11 4!i ':1:
Prin (entin! nr. 1&6 din , 4!i '::1< @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5< Seci! "en!#+< !
di("u( - *n )!.! !rt. 11 "ct. ' #it. !? r!"ort!t #! !rt. 1: !#in. =1? #it. e? Cod "rocedur+
"en!#+ - !cAit!re! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de d!re de 4it+
"rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? C. "en. cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr.
&,>':::.
/1
Pentru ! di("une *n !ce(t (en(< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! con(t!t!t c+< "rin
recAi.itoriu# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+ @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5< (-! di("u( "unere! *n
4i5c!re ! !ciunii "en!#e 5i tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. "entru
(+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de d!re de 4it+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod "en!# cu
re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr. &,>':::< con(t9nd *n !cee! c+< #! d!t! de 1'
$e)ru!rie '::1< ! d!t (u4! de ':: euro !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. "entru ! nu 4!i
continu! cercet+ri#e *n do(!ru# nr. &62>P>'::1 !# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+
Hudec+tori! Pite5ti. S-! reinut c+< #! d!t! de / $e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. !
$o(t o"rit *n tr!$ic de c+tre #ucr+tori de "o#iie< *n ti4" ce conducere! !utoturi(4u#
"e r!.! #oc!#it+ii Pite5ti. Cu !ce!(t+ oc!.ie< incu#"!tu# N.M.< c+rui! i-!u $o(t
(o#icit!te docu4ente#e< ! dec#!r!t inii!# c+ nu !re "er4i(u# de conducere !(u"r! (!.
Proced9ndu-(e #! veri$ic+ri< (-! (t!)i#it c+ incu#"!tu# N.M. "o(ed+ "er4i( de
conducere 5i c+ !ce(t! $i3ur! c! $iind reinut de Serviciu# Po#iiei Rutiere B!c+u< #!
d!t! de 1, iu#ie '::,< "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de conducere ! unui
!utoveAicu# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice !v9nd o !#coo#e4ie ce de"+5e! #i4it! #e3!#+<
$!"t+ "entru c!re e(te *n "re.ent cercet!t. De !(e4ene!< !(u"r! #ui N.M. (-! 4!i
3+(it un "i(to# cu )i#e< "entru c!re !ce(t! nu ! "utut "re.ent!< #! 4o4entu#
re("ectiv< "er4i(u# de "ort !r4+.
Con$or4 recAi.itoriu#ui< #! d!t! de 11 $e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. (-!
de"#!(!t "e r!.! #oc!#it+ii Pite5ti.< unde #-! cont!ct!t "e !3entu# de "o#iie A.N.< ce
e$ectu! cercet+ri $!+ de e# *n do(!ru# nr. &62>P>'::1 !# P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+
Hudec+tori! Pite5ti cu "rivire #! (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii "rev+.ute *n !rt. ,6 !#in. ='?
din O. U. G. nr. 112>'::'< re"u)#ic!t+. Cu !ce!(t+ oc!.ie< incu#"!tu# N.M. i-!
"ro4i( !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. c+ *i v! d! o (u4+ de )!ni d!c+ nu v! 4!i
continu! cercet+ri#e *n c!u.+. 0n !ce(te condiii< !3entu# de "o#iie A.N. ! denun!t
$!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. #! P!rcAetu# de "e #9n3+ @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5. L! d!t! de 1'
$e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. (-! "re.ent!t din nou #! "o(tu# de "o#iie< unde !
2:
d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. (u4! de ':: euro< od!t+ cu "er4i(u# de "ort !r4+<
"entru c! !ce(t! (+ nu 4!i continue cercet+ri#e *n c!u.! ce-# "rive!.
Con$or4 recAi.itoriu#ui< !ctivit!te! in$r!cion!#+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. ! $o(t
"ro)!t+ "rin or3!ni.!re! unei !ciuni de "rindere *n $#!3r!nt 5i "rin *nre3i(tr!re!
!udio-video *n 4ediu# !4)ient!# ! di(cuiei "urt!te de incu#"!tu# N.M. cu !3entu#
de "o#iie A.N.
0n ur4! coro)or+rii tuturor "ro)e#or< (tr9n(e *n cur(u# ur4+ririi "en!#e 5i
!d4ini(tr!te cu oc!.i! cercet+rii 7udec+tore5ti< in(t!n! de $ond ! reinut ur4+to!re!
(itu!ie de $!"tD
L! d!t! de 1' $e)ru!rie '::1< incu#"!tu# N.M. (-! "re.ent!t #! "o(tu# de
"o#iie< unde ! d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N. (u4! de ':: euro< od!t+ cu "er4i(u# de
"ort !r4+< "entru c! !ce(t! (+ nu4!i continue cercet+ri#e *ntr-o c!u.+ "en!#+ ce *#
"rive! "e incu#"!t< *n condiii#e !r+t!te.
0n o"ini! "ri4ei in(t!ne< $!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.M.< !5! cu4 ! $o(t de(cri(+
4!i (u(< e(te "rev+.ut+ *n dispoziiile art. 255 !#in. =1? C. "en. cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='?
din Le3e! nr. &,>'::: 5i con(t+ *n d!re! de )!ni *n (co"u# "rev+.ut *n !rt. '2/ Cod
"en!#< 5i !nu4e !ce#! de ! nu *nde"#ini un !ct "rivitor #! *nd!toriri#e de (erviciu<
re("ectiv de ! nu (e 4!i continu! cercet+ri#e *n c!u.! "en!#+ ce *# "rive!.
Cu to!te !ce(te!< in(t!n! de $ond ! !"reci!t c+ $!"t! (+v9r5it+ de incu#"!t nu
con(tituie in$r!ciune< *ntruc9t e8i(t+ o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Potrivit di("o.iii#or !rt. '22 !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< $!"t! "rev+.ut+ *n !#in. =1?
!# !ce(tui !rtico# nu con(tituie in$r!ciune !tunci c9nd 4ituitoru# ! $o(t con(tr9n(
"rin orice 4i7#o!ce de c+tre ce# c!re ! #u!t 4it!.
A(t$e#< con(t!t+ "ri4! in(t!n+ c+ *n !ctu# de"u( #! do(!ru# de ur4+rire
"en!#+< intitu#!t JdenunF< (e 4enione!.+ c+< *n d!t! de 11 $e)ru!rie '::1< nu4itu#
N.M. ! venit *n #oc!#it!te! Pite5ti.< d9nd de *ne#e( !3entu#ui de "o#iie c+ *i v! d! o
(u4+ de )!ni d!c+ *i v! re.o#v! do(!ru# cu o (o#uie $!vor!)i#+.
21
0n o"ini! in(t!nei de $ond< din "ro)e#e do(!ru#ui re.u#t+< *n(+< o cu totu# !#t+
(itu!ie de $!"t. A(t$e#< din dec#!r!i! 4!rtoru#ui A.N.< d!t+ #! ur4+rire! "en!#+<
re.u#t+ c+ !ce(t! #-! cuno(cut "e incu#"!t *nc+ din d!t! de / $e)ru!rie '::1< oc!.ie
cu c!re ! e$ectu!t un contro# de tr!$ic rutier< c9nd ! con(t!t!t c+ !ce(t! !ve!
"er4i(u# de conducere reinut de Serviciu# Po#iiei Rutiere B!c+u< *ntruc9t (e
e$ectu!u cercet+ri "entru conducere! unui !utoveAicu# de c+tre o "er(o!n+ !v9nd *n
(9n3e o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ "e(te #i4it! #e3!#+ 5i c+< $iind de"i(t!t cu un "i(to# cu
)i#e de c!uciuc< nu !r $i !vut "er4i( de "ort !r4+. C! ur4!re< (-!u #u!t 4+(uri de
cercet!re ! nu4itu#ui N.M. "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciuni#or de conducere "e
dru4uri#e "u)#ice ! unui !utoveAicu# !v9nd "er4i(u# de conducere (u("end!t 5i<
re("ectiv< "ort de !r4+ $+r+ dre"t.
Din !ce(te *4"re7ur+ri< *n o"ini! in(t!nei de $ond< re.u#t+ c+ incu#"!tu#ui i (-
! cre!t o (t!re de te4ere< Jc+ !re dou+ do(!re "en!#eF< *n do(!ru# "rivind
in$r!ciune! #! #e3e! circu#!iei cercet!re! ur49nd (+ (e $!c+ de !3entu# de "o#iie
=denun+tor?B cu "rivire #! ce#+#!#t do(!r< *n !cee!5i dec#!r!ie< (e con(e4ne!.+ c+ *n
ur4! veri$ic+ri#or nu ! reie5it $!"tu# c+ N.M. $i3ure!.+ c! $iind "o(e(or de "ort
!r4+< de5i incu#"!tu# "o(ed! !ce(t "er4i(. Din !cee!5i dec#!r!ie< 4!i re.u#t+ c+ #!
d!t! de 11 $e)ru!rie '::1< 4!rtoru# =denun+toru#? (-! *nt9#nit "e r!.! co4unei
I9#ce#e< cu incu#"!tu# c!re< din di(cuii< J! #+(!t (+ (e *ne#e!3+ c+ *i v! d! o (u4+
de )!ni d!c+ *i v! re.o#v! (itu!i!< *ne#e39nd c+ nu tre)ui! (+ 4!i continue
cercet+ri#e.F
Con$or4 4otiv+rii (entinei< din nicio "ro)+ ! do(!ru#ui nu re.u#t+ !ce(t $!"t.
Di4"otriv+< reine in(t!n! de $ond< din dec#!r!i! d!t+ de incu#"!t #! ur4+rire!
"en!#+ re.u#t+ c+ 4!rtoru# #-! cAe4!t< "9n+ ce# t9r.iu "e d!t! de 1' $e)ru!rie '::1.
A"reci!.+ "ri4! in(t!n+ c+< cAi!r d!c+ incu#"!tu#< *n dec#!r!i! (! d!t+ #!
ur4+rire! "en!#+< recuno!5te c+ #-! !)ord!t "e !3entu# de "o#iie "ro"un9ndu-i
!)!ndon!re! cercet+ri#or< !ce!(t! nu (e coro)ore!.+ cu note#e de red!re !
convor)iri#or !udio-video *n 4ediu# !4)ient!#< c!re red!u di(cui! $ide#+ ! ce#or
2'
doi< note de"u(e #! do(!ru# de ur4+rire "en!#+ din c!re re.u#t+ c+ di(cuii#e !u $o(t
v!3i< "ri4u# c!re ! !du( vor)! de("re do(!r $iind !3entu# de "o#iie< 5i nu
incu#"!tu#. Con(ider+ "ri4! in(t!n+ c+ (u3e(tion!re! 5i "rovoc!re! incu#"!tu#ui *n
! (+v9r5i !ce!(t+ $!"t+ re.u#t+ 5i din dec#!r!i! incu#"!tu#ui d!t+ #! in(t!n+< *n c!re
!r!t+ c+ denun+toru# ! ("u( c+ ur4e!.+ (+ vor)e!(c+ cu 5e$u# (+u 5i (+ v!d+ (u4!<
!3entu# de "o#iie d9ndu-i de *ne#e( c+ tre)uie (+ vin+ cu o (u4+ de )!ni #! e#.
Conc#u.ione!.+ in(t!n! de $ond c+ to!te !ce(te *4"re7ur+ri con(tituie
e#e4ente ce circu4(criu (+v9r5ire! $!"tei *n condiii#e "rev+.ute *n !rt. '22 !#in. ='?
Cod "en!#. De !(e4ene!< $iind invoc!te dispoziiile art. 68 Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+<
"recu4 5i c!r!cteru# i4"ort!nt 5i o"ortun !# intere(u#ui incu#"!tu#ui de !-5i re.o#v!
do(!ru# "en!#< in(t!n! de $ond ! !"reci!t c+ !ce(t! ! $o(t deter4in!t *n 4od!#it+i#e
de(cri(e 4!i (u( (+ de! 4it+< 5i cu4 !ce(te! (-!u 4!ni$e(t!t !nterior o$ertei e$ectiv
*n$+"tuite< (e "o!te $!ce !"#ic!re! di("o.iii#or #e3!#e 4enion!te !nterior.
Prin deci.i! nr. 2 A din 12 i!nu!rie ':1:< Curte! de A"e# Pite5ti< Seci!
"en!#+< ! !d4i( !"e#u# dec#!r!t de "rocuror *4"otriv! (entinei "en!#e nr. 1&6 din ,
4!i '::1 5i< *n con(ecin+< ! de($iin!t *n tot!#it!te (entin! "en!#+ !t!c!t+ 5i< *n
re7udec!re< ! cond!4n!t "e incu#"!tu# N.M. #! o "ede!"(+ de , #uni *ncAi(o!re
"entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de d!re de 4it+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod
"en!# cu *n re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din Le3e! nr. &,>':::.
0n )!.! !rt. &1 Cod "en!#< ! !"#ic!t incu#"!tu#ui "ede!"(! !cce(orie !
inter.icerii dre"turi#or "rev+.ute *n !rt. 6/ !#in. =1? #it. !? te.! ! II-! 5i )? Cod
"en!#B con$or4 !rt. ,1 - ,' Cod "en!# 5i !rt. &1 !#in. =2? Cod "en!#< ! di("u(
(u("end!re! condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii "ede"(ei "rinci"!#e 5i ! "ede"(ei !cce(orii "e
dur!t! ter4enu#ui de *ncerc!re de ' !ni 5i , #uni< i!r "otrivit !rt. '22 !#in. =/? Cod
"en!#< ! di("u( con$i(c!re! de #! incu#"!t ! (u4ei de ':: euro *n $!vo!re! (t!tu#ui.
Pentru ! di("une *n !ce(t (en(< in(t!n! de "ri4 contro# 7udici!r ! reinut -
veri$ic9nd !cte#e 5i #ucr+ri#e do(!ru#ui "rin "ri(4! 4otive#or de !"e# invoc!te< d!r
5i din o$iciu con$or4 di("o.iii#or !rt. -&1 !#in. ='? Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+ - c+ "rin
2-
(entin! !"e#!t+ (-! reinut o (itu!ie de $!"t c!re nu concord+ "e de"#in cu o
7udicio!(+ coro)or!re ! 4!teri!#u#ui "ro)!tor !d4ini(tr!t *n c!u.+.
A(t$e#< con(t!t+ in(t!n! de !"e# c+ *n con(iderente#e (entinei !"e#!te (-!
$+cut re$erire #! dec#!r!i! 4!rtoru#ui A.N.< d!t+ *n $!.! de ur4+rire "en!#+< din
c!re re.u#t+ c+ !ce(t! #-! cuno(cut "e incu#"!t *nc+ din d!t! de / $e)ru!rie '::1<
oc!.ie cu c!re ! e$ectu!t un contro# de tr!$ic rutier< c9nd (-! con(t!t!t c! incu#"!tu#
!ve! "er4i(u# de conducere reinut #! Serviciu# Po#iiei Rutiere B!c+u "entru
e$ectu!re! de cercet+ri *n #e3+tur+ cu conducere! unui !utoveAicu# de c+tre o
"er(o!n+ !v9nd *n (9n3e o *4)i)!ie !#coo#ic+ "e(te #i4it! #e3!#+< "recu4 5i cu
"rivire #! "ortu# unui "i(to# cu )i#e de c!uciuc< $+r+ ! "o(ed! "er4i( de "ort !r4+.
A 4!i reinut 3re5it in(t!n! de $ond c+ incu#"!tu#ui i (-! cre!t o (t!re de te4ere
indu(+ de (itu!i! c+ !ve! dou+ do(!re "en!#e< *n cur( de cercet!re< $!"t ce #-!r $i
deter4in!t (+ *ne#e!3+ c+< d!c+ !r $i d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie o (u4+ de )!ni< !ce(t!
nu !r 4!i $i continu!t cercet+ri#e.
0n o"ini! in(t!nei de !"e#< coninutu# !ce(tei dec#!r!ii ! incu#"!tu#ui nu (e
coro)ore!.+ cu nicio !#t+ "ro)+ !d4ini(tr!t+ *n c!u.+. 0n dec#!r!i! d!t+ de incu#"!t
*n $!.! de ur4+rire "en!#+< !ce(t! recuno!5te c! #-! !)ord!t "e 4!rtoru# A.N.<
"ro"un9ndu-i !)!ndon!re! cercet+ri#or< !("ect recuno(cut 5i *n dec#!r!i! d!t+ *n
$!.! 7udec+rii !"e#u#ui. Ace!(t+ recuno!5tere nu (e coro)ore!.+ *ntoc4!i cu note#e
de red!re ! convor)iri#or !udio-video *n 4ediu# !4)ient!#< *n(+ din tr!n(criere!
!ce(tor! (e reine e8"re(i! !3entu#ui de "o#iie rutier+ Jce (+ $!c cu do(!ru# !ce#!<
cu4 (+ v+ !7ut< o (+ v+ d!u o ne*nce"ereF< *4"re7ur!re c!re conduce #! idee! c+<
!nterior< incu#"!tu# i-!r $i cerut *ntr-un 4od !#u.iv *ncet!re! cercet+ri#or "en!#e.
M!i reine in(t!n! de "ri4 contro# 7udici!r c+< din dec#!r!i! d!t+ *n $!!
in(t!nei de !"e#< re.u#t+ c+ incu#"!tu# !r $i *ne#e( c+ tre)uie (+ (e duc+ #! !3entu#
de "o#iie cu o (u4+ de )!ni< (u4+ "e c!re ! !"reci!t-o #! ':: euro< *ntruc9t< !
con(ider!t !ce(t!< er!u dou+ do(!re *n cur( de cercet!re. A 4!i dec#!r!t incu#"!tu#
c+ !r $i *ne#e( (+ "rocede.e !(t$e#< deo!rece !3entu# de "o#iie i-!r $i ("u( J(+ vin+
2/
"re3+titF 5i c+< d!c+ !ce(t! nu #-!r $i *ncur!7!t (+ vin+ #! (ediu# "o(tu#ui de "o#iie
J"re3+titF< *n 4od cert nu (-!r 4!i $i *ntor(. Dec#!r!i! incu#"!tu#ui ! $o(t
coro)or!t+ cu ce#e re.u#t!te din coninutu# denunu#ui !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N.<
"recu4 5i cu "roce(u#-ver)!# din d!t! de 1' $e)ru!rie '::1< din c!re re.u#t+ c+
incu#"!tu# N.M. ! dec#!r!t c+ (u4! de ':: de euro< c!re (e !$#! "e )irou# !3entu#ui
de "o#iie< *i !"!rine 5i c+ !r $i $o(t d!t+ din 3re5e!#+< od!t+ cu "er4i(u# de "ort
!r4+< !3entu#ui de "o#iie A.N.
0n $in!#< conc#u.ione!.+ in(t!n! de !"e#< din coro)or!re! note#or de red!re !
convor)iri#or *n 4ediu# !4)ient!# *ntre incu#"!t 5i 4!rtoru# A.N.< din coninutu#
denunu#ui *ntoc4it< "recu4 5i din to!te dec#!r!ii#e d!te de incu#"!t "e "!rcur(u#
"roce(u#ui "en!#< re.u#t+ c+ !ctivit!te! in$r!cion!#+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.M. ! $o(t
"ro)!t+ "rin or3!ni.!re! unei !ciuni de "rindere *n $#!3r!nt< !tunci c9nd (-!
"re.ent!t #! "o(tu# de "o#iie 5i ! d!t !3entu#ui de "o#iie (u4! de ':: euro< od!t+
cu "er4i(u# de "ort !r4+< "entru c! !ce(t! (+ nu 4!i continue cercet+ri#e *n c!u.!
c!re-# "rive! 5i c+ $!"t! *ntrune5te e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e in$r!ciunii de d!re
de 4it+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. '22 !#in. =1? Cod "en!# cu re$erire #! !rt. & !#in. ='? din
Le3e! nr. &,>':::.
04"otriv! deci.iei< incu#"!tu# ! dec#!r!t recur(< (o#icit9nd !d4itere!
recur(u#ui< c!(!re! deci.iei !t!c!te 5i 4eninere! Aot+r9rii in(t!nei de $ond.
A(u"r! $ondu#ui recur(u#ui dec#!r!t de incu#"!t< 0n!#t! Curte de C!(!ie 5i
Hu(tiie con(t!t+ ur4+to!re#eD
0n e(en+< *n recur(< incu#"!tu# ! invoc!t !ce#e!5i !"+r+ri c! 5i #! in(t!n! de
$ond 5i de !"e#< con(t9nd *n !cee! c+ !r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! $ie *n condiii#e
Jcon(tr9n3erii 4or!#eF< $ie *n condiii#e J"rovoc+rii "o#iiene5tiF.
Recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui v! $i re("in( c! ne$ond!t< "entru ur4+to!re#e 4otiveD
Potrivit di("o.iiei !rt. /6 !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+< (+v9r5it+ din c!u.! unei con(tr9n3eri 4or!#e< e8ercit!t+
22
"rin !4enin!re cu un "erico# 3r!v "entru "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui ori ! !#tui! 5i c!re
nu "ute! $i *n#+tur!t *n !#t 4od.
Din e8!4in!re! !ce(tei di("o.iii< re.u#t+ c+< "entru e8i(ten! con(tr9n3erii
4or!#e< tre)uie (+ $ie *nde"#inite ur4+to!re#e condiiiD
1. (+ e8i(te o !ciune de con(tr9n3ere (+v9r5it+ de o "er(o!n+ !(u"r!
"(iAicu#ui unei !#te "er(o!ne< "rin !4enin!re cu un r+u i4"ort!nt. @oc4!i
e8i(ten! unei !4enin+ri de !ce(t $e# "rovo!c+ #! "er(o!n! !4enin!t+ un
(enti4ent de te!4+ (u) i4"eriu# c+rui! e! (+v9r5e5te o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e!
"en!#+< c! (in3ur! !#tern!tiv+ ! r+u#ui cu c!re e(te !4enin!t+. Per(o!n! con(tr9n(+
4or!# e(te nevoit+< deci< (!u (+ (u$ere r+u# cu c!re e(te !4enin!t+< (!u (+
(+v9r5e!(c+ $!"t! ce i (e "retinde de c+tre ce# c!re e8ercit+ con(tr9n3ere! 5i c!re
e(te o $!"t+ i#icit+. A4enin!re! "o!te $i or!#+ (!u (cri(+. A4enin!re! or!#+ "o!te
$i *n(oit+ (!u nu de 3e(turi !4enin+to!re =de e8e4"#u< !3it!re! unei !r4e<
*ncAidere! u5ii cu cAei!< ru"ere! #e3+turii te#e$onice etc.?< $+r+ c! "rin !ce!(t! (+
*ncete.e de ! $i o con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+< e8ercit!t+ !(u"r! "(iAicu#ui "er(o!neiB
'. "rin !4enin!re (+ (e cree.e un "erico# 3r!v "entru "er(o!n! !4enin!t+
(!u "entru o !#t+ "er(o!n+< *n c!.u# *n c!re nu (-!r ced! !4enin+rii 5i nu (-!r
(+v9r5i $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+. Perico#u# "o!te (+ "rive!(c+ oric!re dintre
v!#ori#e #e3!te de "er(o!n! $i.ic+D vi!!< inte3rit!te! cor"or!#+< (+n+t!te!< #i)ert!te!<
de4nit!te! etc.< $ie c+ e(te vor)! de "er(o!n! ce#ui !4enin!t< $ie de orice !#t+
"er(o!n+< inde"endent de e8i(ten! vreunei #e3+turi *ntre !ce!(t! 5i ce# !4enin!t.
Le3e! "en!#+ !"+r+ 5i *ncur!7e!.+< 5i *n !ce(t c!.< (enti4entu# de (o#id!rit!te 5i
re#!ii#e de !7utor reci"roc *4"otriv! !3re(iunii. Perico#u# re.u#t!t din !4enin!re
e(te con(ider!t 3r!v !tunci c9nd (e re$er+ #! un r+u ire"!r!)i# (!u 3reu de re"!r!t.
D!c+ "erico#u# nu "rive5te vreun! dintre v!#ori#e e(eni!#e #e3!te de "er(o!n+ (!u
d!c+ "erico#u# nu e(te 3r!v< nu "o!te e8i(t! con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+B
-. "erico#u# cu c!re (e !4enin+ tre)uie (+ $ie de !5! n!tur+ *nc9t (+ nu "o!t+
$i *n#+tur!t dec9t "rin (+v9r5ire! $!"tei "rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+. D!c+ er! "o(i)i#+
26
recur3ere! #! !#te 4i7#o!ce de *n#+tur!re ! "erico#u#ui< condii! inevit!)i#it+ii nu
e(te *nde"#init+ 5i nu e8i(t+ con(tr9n3ere 4or!#+ =de e8e4"#u< c9nd e(te "o(i)i#+
cAe4!re! *n !7utor ! !#tor "er(o!ne (!u ! or3!ne#or de "o#iie etc.?. Pentru (t!)i#ire!
evit!)i#it+ii (!u inevit!)i#it+ii "erico#u#ui< "e !#t+ c!#e dec9t (+v9r5ire! $!"tei
"rev+.ute de #e3e! "en!#+< tre)uie (+ (e in+ (e!4!< c! 5i *n c!.u# con(tr9n3erii
$i.ice< de *4"re7ur+ri#e de $!"t 5i de "er(o!n! $+"tuitoru#ui.
Si4"#! enu4er!re ! !ce(tor condiii contr!.ice c!te3oric !"+r!re!
incu#"!tu#ui "otrivit c+rei! !r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! "e $ondu# con(tr9n3erii 4or!#e.
Pe de o "!rte< incu#"!tu# !ve! un nive# inte#ectu!#< educ!ion!# 5i cu#tur!# de
n!tur+ (+ *# $!c+ (+ *ne#e!3+ conte8tu# 7uridic 5i c!dru# #e3!# !# cercet+rii (!#e de
c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< i!r "e de !#t+ "!rte< "retin(u# Jr+uF con(t! *n e$ectu!re!
unor cercet+ri 7udici!re (t!nd!rd ("eci$ice (o#uion+rii unor c!u.e "en!#eB *n ur4!
!ce(tor! - cAi!r d!c+ (-!r $i $in!#i.!t cu tri4itere! *n 7udec!t+< de5i incu#"!tu# ! !vut
convin3ere! c+ $!"te#e cercet!te nu con(titui!u in$r!ciuni - nu (e cre! un "erico#
3r!v "entru "er(o!n! (! *n (itu!i! *n c!re nu (-!r $i ced!t "retin(ei con(tr9n3eri 5i
nu (-!r $i (+v9r5it $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ =d!re! de )!ni?.
Curte! Euro"e!n+ ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui< *n 7uri("ruden! recent+< ! de.vo#t!t
conce"tu# de "rovoc!re =Jentr!"4entF?< di(tinct de $o#o(ire! #e3iti4+ !
o"er!iuni#or (u) !co"erire< 5i ! (u)#ini!t o)#i3!i! in(t!ne#or n!ion!#e de !
"roced! #! o e8!4in!re !tent+ ! 4!teri!#u#ui din do(!r *n c!.u# *n c!re incu#"!tu#
invoc+ in(ti3!re! din "!rte! "o#iiei. Curii Euro"ene ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui< !(t$e#
cu4 (-! 4enion!t con(t!nt< *i revine ro#u# de ! e8!4in! c!#it!te! ev!#u+rii
"retin(ei "rovoc+ri< !(t$e# cu4 ! $o(t $+cut+ de in(t!ne#e n!ion!#e< 5i de ! (e
!(i3ur! c+ !ce(te! !u "rote7!t *n 4od !decv!t dre"turi#e !cu.!tu#ui< *n ("eci!#
dre"tu# #! o "rocedur+ contr!dictorie 5i #! Je3!#it!te! !r4e#or.F
De !(e4ene!< Curte! Euro"e!n+ ! Dre"turi#or O4u#ui ! (t!)i#it c+ nu (e
"o!te reine "rovoc!re! !cu.!tu#ui de c+tre or3!ne#e 7udici!re< *n 4+(ur! *n c!re
inteni! in$r!cion!#+ er! de7! #u!t+< e8i(t9nd de7! "redi("o.ii! de ! co4ite
2&
in$r!ciune! =5i nu cre!t+ "rin !ciune! or3!nu#ui 7udici!r< !ciune "rin c!re (+ (e $i
cre!t inteni! in$r!cion!#+ c!re !nterior nu e8i(t!?< i!r !utorit+i#e 7udici!re !ve!u
4otive *nte4ei!te (+ (u("ecte.e !ctivit+i#e i#icite !#e "er(o!nei re("ective.
Or< *n "re.ent! c!u.+< incu#"!tu# nu ! re#ev!t 4ini4e indicii c!re (+ $!c+
re.on!)i#+ i"ote.! e8i(tenei unei J"rovoc+ri "o#iiene5tiF< *n re!#it!te (u3er9nd o
!(t$e# de i"ote.+ c! re.u#t9nd din e8!4in!re! 5i inter"ret!re! unor convor)iri
*nre3i(tr!te.
0n $!! "ri4ei in(t!ne< #! ter4enu# din - !"ri#ie '::1< du"+ ce incu#"!tu# !
$o(t !(cu#t!t de 7udec+tor< "re.ent9ndu-5i *n !ce(t $e# "ro"ri! ver(iune cu "rivire #!
!cu.!ii#e c!re i-!u $o(t !du(e de Mini(teru# Pu)#ic< ! $o(t !(cu#t!t (u) "re(t!re de
7ur+49nt - *n condiii de "u)#icit!te 5i contr!dictori!#it!te - 5i 4!rtoru# denun+tor
A.N. At9t incu#"!tu# "er(on!#< c9t 5i !"+r+toru# !#e( !# !ce(tui!< !u !vut !(t$e#
"o(i)i#it!te! e$ectiv+ de ! "une *ntre)+ri 4!rtoru#ui 5i< eventu!#< de ! "une (u)
(e4nu# *ntre)+rii credi)i#it!te! 4+rturiei !ce(tui!. Din e8!4in!re! coninutu#ui
*ncAeierii de 5edin+ 5i !# dec#!r!iei 4!rtoru#ui< nu re.u#t+ indicii !#e re("in3erii
unor *ntre)+ri !dre(!te 4!rtoru#ui de c+tre incu#"!t 5i !"+r+toru# !#e( !# !ce(tui!.
Nici de"unere! #! do(!r ! co"iei de "e ordon!n! de (co!tere de (u) ur4+rire
"en!#+ nr. '1/->P>'::, din 12 !"ri#ie '::1 ! P!rcAetu#ui de "e #9n3+ Hudec+tori!
Pite5ti< (o#uie di("u(+ *n te4eiu# !rt. 1: !#in. =1? #it. )? Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+< $!"t!
cercet!t+ con(tituind contr!venie< cu re$erire #! in$r!ciune! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. ,&
!#in. =1? din O. U. G. nr. 112>'::'< nu e(te de n!tur+ ! "ro)! #i"(! de te4einicie !
"ro)e#or *n !cu.!re "entru in$r!ciune! c!re $or4e!.+ o)iect !# "re.entei c!u.e
"en!#e.
0n dec#!r!i! d!t+ *n $!! 7udec+toru#ui in(t!nei de $ond< incu#"!tu# !r!t+ c+<
du"+ ce ! "#ec!t< (-! 39ndit c+ tre)uie (+-i o$ere o (u4+ de )!ni< i!r *n dec#!r!i!
d!t+ *n !"e# 4enione!.+ c+ e# ! !"reci!t c+ tre)uie (+-i de! (u4! de ':: euro
"entru c+ er!u dou+ do(!re.
2,
Coninutu# tr!n(crierii convor)irii e$ectu!te *n 4ediu# !4)ient!#< cu re$erire
e8!ct+ #! cuvinte#e incu#"!tu#ui 5i #! (en(u# !ce(tor!< contr!.ice c!te3oric "retin(!
J"rovoc!re "o#iiene!(c+F (u(inut+ de !"+r!re.
;!+ de ce#e reinute< 0n!#t! Curte de C!(!ie 5i Hu(tiie< *n te4eiu# !rt. -,2 "ct. 1 #it.
)? Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+< ! re("in(< c! ne$ond!t< recur(u# dec#!r!t de incu#"!t.
Co+entariu:
2<fectuarea unor cercetri judiciare standard specifice solu.ionrii
cauzelor penale de ctre organele judiciare, prin care / c:iar dac s/ar fi finalizat
cu tri+iterea n judecat a inculpatului / nu se crea un pericol grav pentru
persoana sa n cazul n care nu ar fi sv,r'it fapta de dare de +it, nu ntrune'te
condi.iile constr,ngerii +orale 'i, n consecin., nu nltur caracterul penal al
faptei prevzute n art. ** alin. ((& Cod penal cu referire la art. 8 alin. (& din
Legea nr. 8!#$$$. 5
0ntr-!dev+r $!"t! co4i(+< d!re! de 4it+< nu *ntrune5te condiii#e unei
con(tr9n3eri 4or!#e< incu#"!tu# ne$iind !4enin!t cu un "erico# 3r!v< c!re (+
7u(ti$ice $!"t! (+v9r5it+.
Con(ider corect+ *nc!dr!re! $!"tei de c+tre co4"#etu# de 7udec!t+.
>3>3EEce-9l 'eiBp9(a,il
>3>313 N%*i9'e
Art.'6 din Nou# Cod "en!# e8"#ic+ !(t$e# EEce-9l 'eiBp9(a,il-
=1? Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! !$#!t+
*n (t!re de #e3iti4+ !"+r!re< c!re ! de"+5it< din c!u.! tu#)ur+rii (!u te4erii< #i4ite#e
unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e cu 3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui.
='? Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! !$#!t+
*n (t!re de nece(it!te< c!re nu 5i-! d!t (e!4!< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei< c+
21
"ricinuie5te ur4+ri v+dit 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r $i "utut "roduce d!c+
"erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t
-1
.
Se o)(erv+ c+ (u) !ce(t+ denu4ire $i3ure!.+ e8ce(u# 7u(ti$ic!t de #e3iti4+
!"+r!re 5i e8ce(u# 7u(ti$ic!t de (t!re! de nece(it!te< !4)e#e (itu!ii *n "re.ent $iind
re3#e4ent!te *n !rt. // !#in. - 5i !rt. /2 !#in -.
>3>3/3 C%'&i*iile eEce-9l9i 'eiBp9(a,il
0n !ce(te c!.uri $+"tuitoru# nu (e !$#+ "ro"riu.i( *n #e3iti4+ !"+r!re (!u *n
(t!re de nece(it!te deo!rece nu (unt *nde"#inite condiii#e !ce(tor!. 0n "ri4u# c!.
=#e3iti4+ !"+r!re? nu e(te *nde"#int+ condii! "ro"orion!#it+ii !"+r+rii *n r!"ort cu
3r!vit!te! !t!cu#ui< i!r *n !# doi#e! c!. =(t!re! de nece(it!te? nu e(te *nde"#init+
condii! c! "rin re!ci! (! *n $!! "erico#u#ui $+"tuitoru# (+ nu "roduc+ ur4+ri 4!i
3r!ve dec9t !ce#e! c!re (-!r $i "rodu( d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t. Cu to!te
!ce(te! *n "re.ent "ri4! (itu!ie din ce#e de 4!i (u( e(te !(i4i#!t+ cu #e3iti4!
!"+r!re *n 4+(ur! *n c!re di("ro"ori! dintre !"+r!re 5i !t!c (-! d!tor!t (t+rii de
tu#)ur!re (!u te4erii din "!rte! ce#ui c!re (e !"+r+< i!r *n !# doi#e! c!. !(i4i#!re! cu
(t!re! de nece(it!te !re #oc ori de c9te ori !3entu# nu-5i d+ (e!4! *n 4o4entu#
co4iterii $!"tei c+ "ricinuie5te ur4+ri 4!i 3r!ve dec9t ce#e c!re (-!r $i "utut
"roduce d!c+ "erico#u# nu er! *n#+tur!t. A4)e#e (itu!ii c!re 7u(ti$ic+ !(i4i#!re!
!"!rin (t+rii "(iAice ! ce#ui c!re (e !"+r+ (!u ! ce#ui c!re re!cione!.+ *n $!! unui
"erico# cee! ce !"!rent !r 7u(ti$ic! tr!t!re! #or dre"t c!u.e de nevinov+ie 5i nu
dre"t c!u.e 7u(ti$ic!tive. Cu to!te !ce(te! (tr9n(! #or #e3+tur+ cu condiii#e #e3iti4e
!"+r+ri 5i !#e (t+rii de nece(it!te *ndre"t+e(c (o#ui! #e3ii "en!#e *n vi3o!re de !
re3#e4ent! #e3iti4! !"+r!re i4"ro"rie 5i (t!re! de nece(it!te i4"ro"rie< *n !ce#!5i
te8te *n c!re re3#e4ente!.+ 5i #e3iti4+ !"+r!re "ro"rie c! 5i (t!re! de nece((it!te
"ro"rie
-1
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".'1

6:
Ace(t! e(te 5i (o#ui! #e3ii "en!#e it!#iene c!re tr!te!.+ e8ce(u# de !"+r!re 5i
e8ce(u# de ri"o(t+ *n c!. de "erico# *n c!"ito#u# unde re3#e4ente!.+ #e3iti4!
!"+r!re 5i (t!re! de nece(it!te 5i nu *n c!"ito#u# c!re re3#e4ente!.+ c!u.e#e de
nei4"ut!)i#it!te.
Le3e! "en!#+ 3er4!n+ con(ider+ de"+5ire! #i4ite#or #e3iti4ei !"+r+ri din
c!u.! te4erii (!u tu#)ur+rii c! o c!u.+ de ne"ede"(ire< nu e8i(t+ *n !ce(t c!. o
!(i4i#!re cu #e3iti4! !"+r!re "ro"rie c!re e(te o c!u.+ 7u(ti$ic!tiv+. 0n ce "rive5te
(t!re! de nece(it!te< #e3e! "en!#+ 3er4!n+ o tr!te!.+ *n une#e i"ote.e c! o c!u.+
7u(ti$ic!tiv+ =M. -/? i!r *n !#te#e i"ote.e c! o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ vinov+i! =M. -2.?
/:
.
D!c+ ("re e8e4"#u< dou+ "er(o!ne !$#!te *4"reun+ co4it o $!"t+ *n #e3iti4
aprare de"+5ind #i4ite#e unei !"+r+ri "ro"orion!#e< *n(+ nu4!i un! ! !cion!t (u)
i4"eriu# unei (t+ri de tu#)ur!re< do!r !ce!(t! v! )ene$ici! de e$ecte#e e8ce(u#ui
nei4"ut!)i#< nu 5i ce! c!re ! de"+5it #i4ite#e !"+r+rii *n de"#in+ cuno5tin+ de
c!u..
>3C3 Mi'%!i(a(ea +:p(9i(%!9l9i
>3C31 N%*i9'e )i ca!ac(e!ia!e
Minorit!te! e(te (t!re! *n c!re (e 3+(e5te $+"tuitoru# 4inor c!re *n 4o4entu#
co4iterii $!"tei nu *4"#ini(e v9r(t! "entru ! r+("unde "en!#.
Pornind de #! "!rticu#!rit+i#e de.vo#t+rii )io"(iAice ! "er(o!nei< *n dre"tu#
"en!# (-! i4"u( (t!)i#ire! unei #i4ite de v9r(t+ (u) c!re (+ $ie e8c#u(+ r+("undere!
"en!#+ ! 4inoru#ui c!re< deci< "9n+ #! o !nu4it+ v9r(t+ e(te "re.u4!t c! $iind #i"(it
de c!"!cit!te "en!#+
/1
< deo!rece nu !re re"re.ent!re! (e4ni$ic!iei (oci!#e !
!ciuni#or ori in!ciuni#or #ui.
Art.11 !#in.1 din Codu# "en!# "revede c+F4inoru# c!re nu ! *4"#init v9r(t! de
1/ !ni nu r+("unde "en!#F. A#ine!tu# ' !# !ce#ui!5i te8t de #e3e di("une c+ E4inoru#
/:
An!#e#e Univer(it+ii ECon(t!ntin Br9ncu5iF din @9r3u Hiu< Seri! Gtiine Huridice< Nr. '>':1:<
AN@ONIU <Geor3e, =-serva.ii critice cu privire la noul Cod Penal<".1--1/.
/1
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6&.
61
c!re !re v9r(t! *ntre 1/ 5i 16 !ni r+("unde "en!# nu4!i d!c+ (e dovede5te c+ !
(+v9r5it $!"t! cu di(cern+49ntF.
Pentru 4inoru# c!re nu ! *4"#init v9r(t! de 1/ !ni< (e "re.u4+ !)(o#ut c+ nu
!re re("on(!)i#it!te "en!#+. Minoru# cu v9r(t! *ntre 1/ 5i 16 !ni e(te "re.u4!t
re#!tiv c+ nu !re di(cern+49ntu# $!"te#or (!#e. Dov!d! di(cern+49ntu#ui *n
co4itere! $!"tei revine !cu.+rii< *n $!vo!re! 4inoru#ui o"er9nd "re.u4i! re#!tiv+ !
#i"(ei di(cern+49ntu#ui.
0n nou# Cod "en!# < "rin !rt.'&.Minorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+
$!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de un 4inor< c!re #! d!t! co4iterii
!ce(tei! nu *nde"#ine! condiii#e #e3!#e "entru ! r+("unde "en!#
/'
.
>3C3/ C%'&i*iile -(:!ii &e Bi'%!i(a(e
Ce#e dou+ condiii !#e (t+rii de 4inorit!te (untD
!? (+ (e (+v9r5e!(c+ o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B
)? $+"tuitoru# < #! d!t! (+v9r5irii $!"tei (+ nu *nde"#ine!(c+ condiii#e #e3!#e
"entru ! r+("unde "en!# =!rt.2: din Codu# "en!#?B !dic+ (+ nu $i *4"#init
v9r(t! de 1/ !ni< (!u d!c+ !re v9r(t! *ntre 1/ 5i 16 !ni or3!ne#e 7udici!re (+ $i
(t!)i#it c+ 4inoru# nu ! co4i( $!"t! cu di(cern+49nt.
0n c!.u# $!"te#or c!re (e "re#un3e(c *n ti4" =in$r!ciuni continui< continu!te?<
*n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei du"+ *4"#inire! v9r(tei de 1/ !ni v! $i
"o(i)i#+ nu4!i d!c+ nu (e dovede5te e8i(ten! di(cern+49ntu#ui *n (+v9r5ire!
!ciuni#or (!u in!ciuni#or ce !u $o(t co4i(e du"+ *4"#inire! v9r(tei de 1/ !ni.
C!r!cteru# "en!# !# in$r!ciuni#or "ro3re(ive e(te *n#+tur!t d!c+ *n 4o4entu#
co4iterii !ciunii< $+"tuitoru# er! 4inor (u) 1/ !ni< cAi!r d!c+ re.u#t!tu# (e "roduce
du"+ *4"#inire! !ce(tei v9r(te
/-
.
/'

/-
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:1.
6'
>3C3>3 E+ec(e D9!i&ice
;!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ co4i(+ de un 4inor c!re #! d!t! (+v9r5irii ei
nu *nde"#ine! condiii#e #e3!#e "entru ! r+("unde "en!#< $iind (+v9r5it+ $+r+
vinov+ie nu e(te in$r!ciune. Minorit!te! e(te o c!u.+ "er(on!#+ 5i nu (e r+($r9n3e
!(u"r! "!rtici"!ni#or #! (+v9r5ire! $!"tei.
R+("undere! civi#+ nu e(te *n#+tur!t+ "entru "er(o!ne#e c!re #-!u !vut (u)
*n3ri7ire ori (u"r!ve3Aere "e 4inor< d!c+ (e reine cu#"! !ce(tor!.
;!+ de 4inoru# c!re ! co4i( o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ 5i c!re nu
r+("unde "en!# (e i!u 4+(uri de ocrotire *n condiii#e "rev+.ute de
O.U.G.nr.'6>111& "rivind "roteci! co"i#u#ui !$#!t *n di$icu#t!te< 4odi$ic!t+ "rin
Le3e! nr.1:, din :' iunie 111,
//
.
>343 I!e-p%'-a,ili(a(ea
Ire("on(!)i#it!te! e(te re3#e4ent!t+ *n !rt./& din Codu# "en!#< 5i e(te (t!re! de
inc!"!cit!te "(iAo-$i.ic+ ! unei "er(on!e c!re nu "o!te (+-5i de! (e!4! de
(e4ni$ic!i! (oci!#+ ! !ciuni#or (!u in!ciuni#or (!#e< ori nu "o!te $i (t+"9n+ "e
e#e
/2
.
0n nou# Cod "en!#< !rt.',. Ire("on(!)i#it!te!- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+
de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! c!re< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii !ce(tei!< nu
"ute! (+-5i de! (e!4! de !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e ori nu "ute! (+ #e contro#e.e<
$ie din c!u.! unei )o#i "(iAice< $ie din !#te c!u.e
/6
.
Inc!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ ! unei "er(on!e (e "o!te d!tor!D unor !no4!#ii c!re
*4"iedic+ de.vo#t!re! $!cu#t+i#or "(iAice =idioenie< in$!nti#i(4< cretini(4<
de)i#it!te 4int!#+?B unor 4!#!dii neuro"(iAice =(o4n n!tur!#<(o4n Ai"notic etc.?B
//
Pu)#ic!t+ *n M.O.nr.22& din '-.:6.'::/.
/2
/6
6-
unor tu#)ur+ri "(iAice "rovoc!te "rin into8ic!ii =(t+ri de incon5tin+ ce "ot !ve!
c!u.! *n con(u4u# de !#coo#< (u)(t!ne (tu"e$i!nte< !#i4ente !#ter!te< etc.?.
Inc!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ "o!te $i "er4!nent+ ori te4"or!r+< con3enit!#+ (!u
(urvenit+ 5i< "entru ! *n#+tur! c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< tre)uie (+ e8i(te *n
4o4entu# (+v9r5irii in$r!ciunii 5i (+ $ie tot!#+.
Con(t!t!re! e8i(tenei (t+rii de ire("on(!)i#it!te 5i ! c!u.e#or !ce(tei! (e $!ce de
c+tre 4edicii ("eci!#i5ti< cAe4!i (+ (t!)i#e!(c+ d!c+ *n 4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei<
"er(o!n! !ve! c!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ de ! *ne#e3e (en(u# 5i v!#o!re! !ciunii (!#e 5i
d!c+ "ute! (+-5i diri7e.e voin! *n 4od con5tient
/&
.;!"tu# d!c+ "o!te (!u nu (+ $ie
!n3!7!t+ r+("undere! "en!#+ ! ce#ui c!re ! co4i( $!"t! (e (t!)i#e5te de c+tre
or3!ne#e 7udici!re "e )!.! conc#u.ii#or 4edic!#e de ("eci!#it!te.
>343/3C%'&i*iile i!e-p%'-a,ili(:*ii
(+ e8i(te o (t!re de inc!"!cit!te "(iAic+ inte#ectiv+ 5i vo#itiv+ !
$+"tuitoru#ui cu "rivire #! !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e. St!re! de
inc!"!cit!te decur3e din #i"(! "o(i)i#it+ii de ! *ne#e3e c!r!cteru#
$!"tei< c!re "re(u"une< $ie #i"(! de di(cern+49nt< $ie (t!re! de
incon5tinen+- (!u din #i"(! c!"!cit+ii de !-5i deter4in! 5i diri7!
4!ni$e(t+ri#e de voin+< c!re "re(u"une $ie i4"u#(ivit!te ire.i(ti)i#+< $ie
indi$erenti(4 tot!#.
(t!re! de inc!"!cit!te "(iAic+ (+ e8i(te *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei<
!dic+ tot ti4"u# c9t dure!.+ e$ectu!re! (!u o4i(iune! de ! e$ectu!
!cte#e "rin c!re (-! co4i( ori (-! contri)uit #! (+v9r5ire! $!"tei.
Condii! nu e(te *nde"#init+ d!c+< *n+untru# interv!#u#ui de ti4" c9t ! dur!t
(+v9r5ire! $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# 5i-! rec+"+t!t< #! un 4o4ent d!t< c!"!cit!te! "(iAic+ 5i
! continu!t totu5i (+v9r5ire! (!u "!rtici"!re! #! (+v9r5ire! $!"tei.
/&
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1,.
6/
De !(e4ene!< nu "o!te $i con(ider!t *n (t!re de ire("on(!)i#it!te ce# c!re 5i-!
"rovoc!t o !(t$e# de (t!re< ori c!re ! !cce"t!t (+ i (e "rovo!ce o (t!re de incon5tien+
=e8e4"#u< $+"tuitoru# ! !cce"t!t (+ $ie Ai"noti.!t< ori n!rcoti.!t "entru ! invoc!
!ce!(t+ (t!re *n !"+r!re! (! ori 5i-! "rovoc!t (t!re! de incon5tien+- (-! cu#c!t 5i !
!dor4it *n ti4"u# (erviciu#ui 5i !(t$e# nu 5i-! *nde"#init o)#i3!ii#e de "!.+< de
!(i3ur!re ! !(i(tenei 4edic!#e de ur3en+?
/,
.
inc!"!cit!te! "(iAo-$i.ic+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui (+ (e d!tore.e !#ien!iei
4int!#e ori !#tor c!u.e c!re deter4in+ (t+ri !nor4!#e.
Nu con(tituie c!. de ire("on(!)i#it!te< *n (en(u# !rt./, din Codu# "en!#<
ne"utin! de !-5i (! (e!4! de !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e (!u ne"utin! de ! #e
(t+"9ni< c9nd !ce!(t+ ne"utin+ "rovine din c!u.! #i"(ei de 4!turit!te "(iAic+
=e8.4inorit!te! $+"tuitoru#ui? (!u din i3nor!n! ori ero!re! de $!"t< !ce(te!
con(tituind eventu!#< !#te c!u.e de *n#+tur!re ! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# =!rt.2:< !rt.21 din
Codu# "en!#?
/1
.
$!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de inc!"!cit!te "(iAo-$i.ic+ inte#ectiv+ ori
vo#itiv+ =*n (t!re de ire("on(!)i#it!te? (+ $ie "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
>343>3 E+ec(ele i!e-p%'-a,ili(:*ii
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de ire("on(!)i#it!te nu e(te in$r!ciune "entru c+ nu
e(te (+v9r5it+ cu vinov+ie.
Ire("on(!)i#it!te! e(te o c!u.+ "er(on!#+< "roduce e$ecte nu4!i $!+ de
"er(o!n! c!re ! (+v9r5it $!"t! *n !ce!(t+ (t!re< nu (e r+($r9n3e !(u"r!
"!rtici"!ni#or.
;!+ de $+"tuitoru# ire("on(!)i# (e "ot #u! 4+(uri de (i3ur!n+ cu c!r!cter
4edic!#.
Ire("on(!)i#it!te! $+"tuitoru#ui nu *n#+tur+ r+("undere! civi#+
2:
.
/,
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6'.
/1
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6'.
62
>3A3 I'(%Eica*ia
Art.'1 din Nou# Cod "en!# "rivind I'(%Eica*ia- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t!
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n! c!re< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii
!ce(tei!< nu "ute! (+-5i de! (e!4! de !ciuni#e (!u in!ciuni#e (!#e< ori nu "ute! (+
#e contro#e.e< din c!u.! into8ic+rii invo#unt!re cu !#coo# (!u !#te (u)(t!ne
"(iAo!ctive
21
.
>3A313N%*i9'e
Bei! e(te (t!re! "(iAo-$i.ic+ !nor4!#+ *n c!re (e 3+(e5te o "er(o!n+ d!torit+
e$ecte#or "rodu(e !(u"r! or3!ni(4u#ui (+u 5i !(u"r! $!cu#t+i#or (!#e "(iAice de
!nu4ite (u)(t!ne e8cit!nte (!u n!rcotice< con(u4!te de !ce! "er(o!n+< ori
introdu(e *n cor"u# (+u
2'
.
>3A3/3Fel9!ile i'(%Eica*iei
0n doctrin! "en!#+ (e $!ce di(tincie *ntre 4!i 4u#te $e#uri de )eie< de c!re
(unt #e3!te 5i con(ecine 7uridice di(tincteD
du"+ !titudine! "er(o!nei c!re ! dorit (!u nu (+ !7un3+ *n (t!re de
)eie (e di(tin3e *ntreD
!? )ei! !ccident!#+< invo#unt!r+ (!u $ortuit+- c9nd e(te re.u#t!tu# unei
*nt94"#+ri inde"endente de voin! $+"tuitoru#ui =e8e4"#u< o "er(o!n+
#ucre!.+ *ntr-un 4ediu cu v!"ori de !#coo# 5i $+r+ (+-5i de! (e!4!<
inA!#e!.+ !(t$e# de v!"ori 5i !7un3e *n (t!re de )eie?5i<
2:
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".11.
21
2'
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".11.
66
)? )ei! vo#unt!r+- e(te (t!re! *n c!re !7un3e o "er(o!n+ c!re con(u4+
voit )+uturi !#coo#ice ori (u)(t!ne !# c+ror e$ect e)ri!nt *# cuno!5te.
0n doctrin+ (e $!ce deo(e)ire! *ntre )ei! vo#unt!r+ (i4"#+ =c9nd
"er(o!n! ! !7un( *n (t!re de )eie $+r+ ! !ve! inteni! (+ co4it+ o $!"t+
"rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+? 5i )ei! "reordin!#+ (!u "re4edit!t+ =c9nd
"er(o!n! 5i-! "rovoc!t !nu4e !ce!(t+ (t!re "entru ! !ve! 4!i 4u#t
cur!7 *n (+v9r5ire! $!"tei?.
du"+ 3r!du# de into8ic!ie cu !#coo# ori !#te (u)(t!ne (e
di(tin3e *ntreD
!? )ei! co4"#et+< c!r!cteri.!t+ "rin "!r!#i.!re! !"ro!"e co4"#et+ !
ener3iei $i.ice 5i o *ntunec!re ! $!cu#t+i#or "(iAiceB
)? )ei! inco4"#et+< c!r!cteri.!t+ "rin !cee! c+ into8ic!i! cu !#coo#
ori !#te (u)(t!ne e)ri!nte e(te *ntr-o $!.+ inci"ient+< 4!ni$e(t!t+ de
re3u#+< "rin e8cit!)i#it!te 5i i4"u#(ivit!te.
Bei! "o!te $i c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei=!rt./1 !#in.' din Codu#
"en!# !ctu!#?.
-.6.-. C%'&i*iile -(:!ii &e i'(%Eica*ie (untD
0n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# (+ (e $i 3+(it *n (t!re de )eie
"rodu(+ "rin !#coo# ori !#te (u)(t!neB
St!re! de )eie (+ $ie !ccident!#+< invo#unt!r+< $ortuit+B
St!re! de )eie (+ $ie co4"#et+B
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de )eie !ccident!#+ 5i co4"#et+ (+ $ie "rev+.ut+ de
#e3e! "en!#+.
>3A3C3E+ec(e D9!i&ice
6&
;!"t! co4i(+ *n (t!re de )eie !ccident!#+ co4"#et+ nu e(te in$r!ciune< $iind
co4i(+ $+r+ vinov+ie.
C9nd )ei! !ccident!#+ nu e(te co4"#et+< c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu e(te
*n#+tur!t< i!r (t!re! de )eie "o!te con(titui o circu4(t!n+ !tenu!nt+.
>363E!%a!ea
Art.-: din Nou# Cod "en!#. E!%a!ea-
=1?Nu con(tituie in$r!ciune $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ de "er(o!n!
c!re< *n 4o4entu# co4iterii !ce(tei!< nu cuno5te! e8i(ten! unei (t+ri< (itu!ii ori
*4"re7ur+ri de c!re de"inde c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
='? Di("o.iii#e !#in. =1? (e !"#ic+ 5i $!"te#or (+v9r5ite din cu#"+ "e c!re #e3e! "en!#+
#e "ede"(e5te< nu4!i d!c+ necuno!5tere! (t+rii< (itu!iei ori *4"re7ur+rii re("ective
nu e(te e! *n(+5i re.u#t!tu# cu#"ei.
=-?Nu con(tituie circu4(t!n+ !3r!v!nt+ (!u e#e4ent circu4(t!ni!# !3r!v!nt (t!re!<
(itu!i! ori *4"re7ur!re! "e c!re in$r!ctoru# nu ! cuno(cut-o *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii
in$r!ciunii.
=/?Prevederi#e !#in. =1?- =-? (e !"#ic+ *n 4od core("un.+tor 5i *n c!.u# necuno!5terii
unei di("o.iii #e3!#e e8tr!"en!#e.
=2?Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ (+v9r5it+ c! ur4!re !
necuno!5terii (!u cuno!5terii 3re5ite ! c!r!cteru#ui i#icit !# !ce(tei! din c!u.! unei
*4"re7ur+ri c!re nu "ute! $i *n niciun $e# evit!t+
2-
.
Doctrin! "en!#+ de$ine5te ero!re! c! Ere"re.ent!re! 3re5it+ de c+tre ce# ce
(+v9r5e5te o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ ! re!#it+ii din 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii
$!"tei< re"re.ent!re deter4in!t+ de necuno!5tere! (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+ ! unor
d!te !#e re!#it+iiF.
2-
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".'1-''.
6,
D!c+ *n 4o4entu# co4iterii $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# nu ! cuno(cut< ori ! cuno(cut
3re5it !nu4ite d!te !#e re!#it+ii< c!re (unt de n!tur+ (+ con$ere $!"tei c!r!cter
(oci!#4ente "ericu#o(< ero!re! *n c!re (e !$#+ *# #i"(e5te de "o(i)i#it!te! de !
"revede! re.u#t!tu# $!"tei 5i i4"#icit de !-5i deter4in! *n 4od con5tient voin!
2/
.
Ero!re! tre)uie deo(e)it+ de *ndoi!#+. Ace#! c!re !re o *ndoi!#+ tre)uie (+-5i
c#!ri$ice *ndoi!#! 5i !"oi (+ !cione.e. D!c+ !cione!.+ *n (t!re de *ndoi!#+< v!
r+("unde "entru co4itere! in$r!ciunii cu intenie indirect+< d!c+ ! !d4i(
eventu!#it!te! e8i(tenei e#e4entu#ui con(titutive !# in$r!ciunii (!u o circu4(t!n+
!3r!v!nt+
22
.
>363/3Fel9!ile e!%!ii
0n doctrin! "en!#+
26
5i #e3i(#!ie (e $!ce di(tincie *ntre 4!i 4u#te $e#uri de ero!reD
Du"+ o)iectu# !(u"r! c+rui! "o!rt+ (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! de $!"t< e8i(t+ !tunci c9nd necuno!5tere! (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+
"o!rt+ !(u"r! unor d!te !#e re!#it+ii 5i
- ero!re! de dre"t (!u de nor4+ con(t+ *n necuno!5tere (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+
! unei nor4e 7uridice.
Ero!re! de $!"t "o!te con(titui o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Ero!re! de dre"t "en!# nu *n#+tur+ niciod!t+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. C9nd
"rive5te o nor4+ e8tr!"en!#+< !ce!(t+ $or4+ de ero!re "o!te duce #! *n#+tur!re!
c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei.
Du"+ $!ctorii c!re deter4in+ ero!re! (e di(tin3 *ntreD
- ero!re! "rin necuno!5tere (!u i3nor!n+- re"re.int+ o (t!re "(iAic+
deter4in!t+< de re3u#+< de #i"(! de cu#tur+ 5i<
- !4+3ire! (!u inducere! *n ero!re- re"re.int+ o (t!re "(iAic+ "rovoc!t+ de
!ciune! de *n5e#!re e8ercit!t+ de o "er(o!n+ !(u"r! !#tei!.
2/
22
PASCU, I#ie< Drept penal: Partea general, Bucure5tiD Editur! H!4!n3iu<'::&<".-/1.
26
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'&:.
61
Du"+ con(ecine#e "e c!re #e "o!te !ve! (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! e(eni!#+< c9nd re"re.int+ "entru $+"tuitoru# !$#!t *n ero!re o
7u(ti$ic!re ! !ctivit+ii #ui 5i e8c#ude vinov+i! 5i<
- ero!re! nee(eni!#+- !"!re c! o (cu.+ "entru $+"tuitoru# !$#!t *n ero!re< i!r "e
"#!nu# con(ecine#or 7uridice re"re.int+ o circu4(t!n+ !tenu!nt+.
Du"+ o)iectu# !(u"r! c+rui! "o!rt+ (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! "rinci"!#+- c9nd !ce!(t! "rive5te d!te de $!"t re$erito!re #!
e#e4ente#e con(titutive !#e in$r!ciunii< de c!re de"inde *n(+5i e8i(ten!
in$r!ciunii 5i<
- ero!re! (ecund!r+< c9nd !ce!(t! "rive5te o (t!re< o (itu!ie ce re"re.int+ o
circu4(t!n+ !3r!v!nt+ de (+v9r5ire ! $!"tei.
Ero!re! "rinci"!#+ "o!te duce #! ine8i(ten! in$r!ciunii< i!r ero!re! (ecund!r+
nu conduce dec9t #! *n#+tur!re! circu4(t!nei !3r!v!nte< nu 5i ! in$r!ciunii ti".
Du"+ "o(i)i#it!te! de evit!re ! erorii (e di(tin3e *ntreD
- ero!re! de ne*n#+tur!t (!u invinci)i#+ c!re (e d!tore!.+ co4"#etei
necuno!5teri ! re!#it+ii 5i< c!re nu !r $i "utut $i *n#+tur!t+ oric9t+ di#i3en+ !r
$i de"u( $+"tuitoru# 5i<
- ero!re! vinci)i#+ (!u *n#+tur!)i#+- c!re !r $i "utut $i *n#+tur!t+ d!c+ $+"tuitoru#
!r $i $o(t 4!i di#i3ent< 4!i !tent.
Ero!re! invinci)i#+ *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. Ero!re! vinci)i#+ nu
*n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< !$!r+ de c!.u# *n c!re $!"te#e (unt incri4in!te
nu4!i d!c+ (unt co4i(e cu intenie.
>363>3 E!%a!ea &e +ap( H ca!ac(e!ia!e
Ero!re! de $!"t e(te o c!u.+ c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. Ero!re!
"o!te "rivi o (t!re < o (itu!ie< o *4"re7ur!re de $!"t de c!re de"inde c!r!cteru#
"en!# !# $!"tei =c!. *n c!re $!"t! nu !re c!r!cter "en!# ? (!u o circu4(t!n+
&:
!3r!v!nt+ ! in$r!ciunii =(itu!ie *n c!re e(te *n#+tur!t+ circu4(t!n! !3r!v!nt+< nu
in$r!ciune! *n v!ri!nt! ti"?
2&
.
>363C3 C%'&i*iile e!%!ii &e +ap(
!? (+ (e $i co4i( o $!"t+ "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+B
)? *n 4o4entu# (+v9r5irii $!"tei< $+"tuitoru# (+ nu $i cuno(cut e8i(ten! unei (t+ri<
(itu!ii (!u *4"re7ur+ri de c!re de"inde c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
Prin E(t!reF (e *ne#e3e 4odu# *n c!re (e "re.int+ o "er(o!n+ =e8e4"#u<(t!re! civi#+<
"re3+tire! inte#ectu!#+< (t!re! de 4inorit!te< etc.? ori un )un =v!#o!re! econo4ic+<
(t!re! de u.ur+< etc.?< ori o in(tituie =uti#!re teAnic+< (!rcini#e ce-i revin< etc.?B
E(itu!i!F "rive5te "o.ii! "e c!re o !re o "er(o!n+ =rud+ !"ro"i!t+< c+(+torit+< etc.?<
ori un )un =!"!rine !vutu#ui "er(on!# (!u !vutu#ui "u)#ic< etc.?B "rin
E*4"re7ur!reF(e de(e4ne!.+ o circu4(t!n+ *n c!re !re #oc (+v9r5ire! $!"tei =#oc
"u)#ic< ti4"u# no"ii< etc.?B
c? (t!re!< (itu!i! (!u *4"re7ur!re! c!re nu !u $o(t cuno(cute "ot (+ re"re.inte un
e#e4ent con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii< ori o circu4(t!n+ ! !ce(tui!.
C9nd (t!re!< (itu!i!< *4"re7ur!re! necuno(cut+ de $+"tuitor e(te o condiie de
e8i(ten+ ! in$r!ciunii< c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei e(te *n#+tur!t.
D!c+ ero!re! "o!rt+ !(u"r! identit+ii "er(o!nei- (itu!i! unor in$r!ciuni
contr! "er(o!nei =error in "er(on!4? (!u !(u"r! o)iectu#ui 4!teri!# !# in$r!ciunii<
c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei nu v! $i *n#+tur!t.
Pentru ! *n#+tur! c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< ero!re! c!re "rive5te un e#e4ent
con(titutiv !# in$r!ciunii tre)uie (+ (u).i(te "e tot "!rcur(u# e8ecut+rii !ciunii (!u
in!ciunii =*n c!.u# in$r!ciuni#or continui< continu!te c!re "re(u"un o dur!t+ *n
ti4"?.
2&
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:-.
&1
C9nd (t!re!< (itu!i! (!u *4"re7ur!re! necuno(cut+ de $+"tuitor re"re.int+ o
circu4(t!n+ !3r!v!nt+ ! in$r!ciunii< ero!re! v! duce #! *n#+tur!re! !ce(tei!< !
r+("underii "en!#e "entru $or4! !3r!v!t+< $+"tuitoru# ur49nd ! r+("unde "en!#
"entru in$r!ciune! *n v!ri!nt! ti".
Efectele erorii de fapt c5nd aceasta prive"te un ele*ent constitutiv al
infraciunii
!? Ero!re! de $!"t *n c!.u# $!"te#or (+v9r5ite cu intenie.
Ero!re! de $!"t cu "rivire #! o (t!re< (itu!ie (!u *4"re7ur!re c!re (unt "rev+.ute
c! e#e4ente con(titutive !#e in$r!ciunii co4i(e cu intenie *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!#
!# $!"tei 5i< "e c!#e de con(ecin+< nu !tr!3e r+("undere! "en!#+ ! $+"tuitoru#ui
=!rt.21 !#in.1 din Codu# "en!#?. Ace!(t! deo!rece< #i"(e5te vinov+i! $+"tuitoru#ui
c!re nu ! !vut re"re.ent!re! c!r!cteru#ui "ericu#o( !# $!"tei (!#e.
)? D!c+ $!"t! e(te *ncri4in!t+< !t9t !tunci c9nd e(te (+v9r5it+ cu intenie< c9t 5i
!tunci c9nd e(te co4i(+ din cu#"+< ero!re! de $!"t *n#+tur+ vinov+i! 5i deci<
c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei 5i !tunci< c9nd e(te (+v9r5it+ din cu#"+< nu4!i d!c+ (e
con(t!t+ c+ ero!re! nu e(te e! *n(+5i re.u#t!tu# cu#"ei =!rt.21 !#in.- din Codu#
"en!#?. D!c+ ero!re! (e d!tore!.+ cu#"ei $+"tuitoru#ui =ne!teniei< 3r!)ei< u5urinei
etc.? cu#"! (u).i(t+ *n (+v9r5ire! $!"tei 5i nu v! $i *n#+tur!t c!r!cteru# "en!# !#
!ce(tei! =e8e4"#u< $!r4!ci(tu#< din ero!re< d+ unui c#ient< *n #oc de 4edic!4ent< o
(u)(t!n+ otr+vito!re?.
>36343 E+ec(ele e!%!ii &e +ap( a-9p!a ci!c9B-(a'*el%!
Ero!re! de $!"t *n#+tur+ !3r!v!re! c9nd "o!rt+ !(u"r! unor circu4(t!ne de
!3r!v!re !#e unei in$r!ciuni intenion!te< i!r c9nd "o!rt+ !(u"r! unei circu4(t!ne
!3r!v!nte #! o in$r!ciune *ncri4in!t+ 5i !tunci c9nd e(te co4i(+ din cu#"+< v! duce
#! *n#+tur!re! ei nu4!i d!c+< necuno!5tere! (!u cuno!5tere! 3re5it+ ! (t+rii< (itu!iei
&'
(!u *4"re7ur+rii ce con(tituie circu4(t!n+ de !3r!v!re nu e(te e! *n(+5i re.u#t!tu#
cu#"ei
2,
.
>363A3 E!%a!ea &e &!ep( pe'al
Po!rt+ !(u"r! e8i(tenei nor4ei de incri4in!re *n(+5i 5i nu *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru#
"en!# !# $!"tei =!rt.21 !#in./ din Codu# "en!#?.
0n doctrin! "en!#+ e(te un!ni4 !d4i( "rinci"iu# c+ Enu (e "o!te invoc!
necuno!5tere! #e3iiF $iindc+< ni4eni nu "o!te $i "re(u"u( c+ o i3nor+ Ene4o
cen(etur #e3e4 i3nor!reF
21
.
Ero!re! de dre"t e8tr!"en!#- !re !ce#e!5i e$ecte c! 5i ero!re! de $!"t< !dic+
*n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei. Ace(t ti" de ero!re e(te *nt9#nit 4!i $recvent *n
c!.u# nor4e#or c!re "rev+d c! e#e4ent con(titutive !# in$r!ciunii< condii! c! $!"t!
(+ $ie (+v9r5it+ E"e nedre"tF (!u Econtr!r di("o.iii#or #e3!#eF
6:
.
>383Ca9l +%!(9i(
Art.-1 din Nou# Cod "en!#. Ca9l +%!(9i(- Nu e(te i4"ut!)i#+ $!"t! "rev+.ut+
de #e3e! "en!#+ !# c+rei re.u#t!t e con(ecin! unei *4"re7ur+ri c!re nu "ute! $i
"rev+.ut+
61
.
C!.u# $ortuit de(e4ne!.+ (itu!i!< (t!re!< *4"re7ur!re! *n c!re !ciune! (!u
in!ciune! unei "er(on!e ! "rodu( un re.u#t!t "e c!re !ce! "er(o!n+ nu #-! conce"ut
2,
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:2.
21
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:2.
6:
Econo4ic+F< '::,< ".1:2.
61
nr.()*#$($&< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':11< ".''.
&-
5i nici ur4+rit 5i c!re (e d!tore!.+ unei ener3ii ! c+rei intervenie nu ! "utut $i
"rev+.ut+.
S"eci$ic "entru c!.u# $ortuit e(te $!"tu# c+ !ciune! (!u in!ciune! unei
"er(on!e "roduce un re.u#t!t (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( d!torit+ interveniei unei $ore !
c+rei !"!riie nu ! "utut $i "rev+.ut+ 5i c!re "roduce *n $!"t !ce# re.u#t!t =de e8.
tr!ctori(tu# c!re< *n ti4" ce !r+ cu tr!ctoru#< !tin3e cu "#u3u# un o)u.< r+4!(
nee8"#od!t *n "+49nt din ti4"u# r+.)oiu#ui< c!re e8"#ode!.+ 5i r+ne5te un 4uncitor
!3rico#?.
I4"o(i)i#it!te! de "revedere ! interveniei $orei (tr+ine c!re ! deter4in!t
"roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( e(te 3ener!#+ 5i o)iectiv+< ine de
#i4ite#e 3ener!#e o4ene5ti !#e "o(i)i#it+ii de "revedere
6'
.
04"re7ur+ri#e $ortuite "ot "roveni de #! $!ctori di$erii cu4 !r $iD
$eno4ene#e n!turii 5i teAnici.!re! !ctivit+i#or u4!ne =de$ect!re! unui 4ec!ni(4?B
conduit! i4"rudent+ ! unei "er(o!ne =!"!rii! )ru(c+< *n $u3+< *n $!! unui
!utoturi(4 ! unei "er(o!ne?B (t!re! 4!#!div+ ! unei "er(on!e< etc.
>383/3 C%'&i*iile ca9l9i +%!(9i(
A>
Re.u#t!tu# (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( !# $!"tei (+ $ie con(ecin! interveniei unei
*4"re7ur+ri (tr+ine de voin! 5i con5tiin! $+"tuitoru#uiB
;+"tuitoru# (+ $i $o(t *n i4"o(i)i#it!te! de ! "revede! interveni! *4"re7ur+rii
c!re ! "rodu( re.u#t!tu#B
I4"revi.i)i#it!te! (e re$er+ #! interveni! *4"re7ur+rii< ! 4o4entu#ui de
!"!riie !# !ce(tei *4"re7ur+ri< 5i nu #! re.u#t!tu# c!re "o!te $i 3ener!# "revi.i)i#
6/
.
;!"t! c!re ! "rodu( un re.u#t!t (oci!#4ente "ericu#o( d!tor!t interveniei
i4"revi.i)i#e ! unei ener3ii (tr+ine (+ $ie "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+.
6'
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'2,.
6-
5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< '::6<".12&.
6/
BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD Editur! A##< 111&<".'6:.
&/
>383>3 E+ec(ele D9!i&ice
;!"t! "rev+.ut+ de #e3e! "en!#+ co4i(+ *n c!. $ortuit nu e(te in$r!ciune
deo!rece *i #i"(e5te vinov+i!.
0ntruc9t i4"o(i)i#it!te! "revederii interveniei ener3iei (tr+ine e(te 3ener!#+ 5i
o)iectiv+< e$ecte#e c!.u#ui $ortuit o"ere!.+ in re4< !dic+ (e vor r+($r9n3e !(u"r!
tuturor "!rtici"!ni#or.
R+("undere! civi#+ e(te *n#+tur!t+ nu4!i d!c+ !ce!(t+ c!u.+ nu vine *n
concur( cu !#te c!u.e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei
62
.
1pe.D Caz fortuit. Condi.ii
ECuprins pe *aterii8 Drept penal. Partea general. 3nfrac.iunea. Cauzele
care nltur caracterul penal al faptei. Cazul fortuit
9ndice alfabetic8 Drept penal
/ caz fortuit

C%& pe'al, !rt. /&

Nu (unt *ntrunite condiii#e "rev+.ute *n !rt. /& Cod "en!# re$erito!re #!
c!.u# $ortuit< d!c+ incu#"!tu#< c!re nu ! re("ect!t re3u#i#e de circu#!ie "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice *n vedere! evit+rii oric+rui "erico#< !v9nd "re3+tire! 5i e8"erien! nece(!r+<
"ute! 5i tre)ui! (+ "rev!d+ re.u#t!tu# (oci!#4ente "ericu#o(< 5i !nu4e "roducere!
unui !ccident de circu#!ie< condii! i4"revi.i)i#it+ii !)(o#ute ! *4"re7ur+rii c!re !
deter4in!t "roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui ne$iind *nde"#init+.

I.C.C.H.< (eci! "en!#+< deci.i! nr. 6-&- din 1: noie4)rie '::2

Prin (entin! "en!#+ nr. 611 din '- dece4)rie '::/< @ri)un!#u# Ar3e5 !
cond!4n!t "e incu#"!tu# N.C. "entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de v+t+4!re cor"or!#+
din cu#"+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. 1,/ !#in. ='? 5i =/? Cod "en!#< i!r "e incu#"!tu# B.I.<
"entru (+v9r5ire! in$r!ciunii de ucidere din cu#"+ "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. 1&, !#in. ='? din
!ce#!5i cod.
62
&2
In(t!n! ! reinut c+< *n no!"te! de ', (e"te4)rie '::'< *n ti4" ce conduce!
un !utoturi(4 "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice< d!torit+ nere("ect+rii "revederi#or !rt. 1 5i !rt.
16 din Decretu# nr. -',>1166 5i !#e !rt. /1 #it. n? din Re3u#!4entu# "entru !"#ic!re!
Decretu#ui -',>1166< incu#"!tu# N.C. ! trecut cu !utoturi(4u# "e(te cor"u# victi4ei
N.I.< c+.ut+ "e c!ro(!)i#< du"+ ce $u(e(e "roiect!t+ de !utoturi(4u# condu( de
incu#"!tu# B.I.
In(t!n! ! 4!i reinut c+< #! !cee!5i d!t+< incu#"!tu# B.I.< conduc9nd
!utoturi(4u# "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice 5i nere("ect9nd "revederi#e !rt. 1 5i !rt. 16 din
Decretu# nr. -',>1166 5i !#e !rt. /1 #it. n? din Re3u#!4entu# "entru !"#ic!re!
Decretu#ui -',>1166< ! !ccident!t 4ort!# "e N.I. 5i ! "rodu( #e.iuni 3r!ve ce !u
nece(it!t "entru vindec!re ,2-1: .i#e de *n3ri7iri 4edic!#e "+rii v+t+4!te M.E.< *n
ti4" ce !ce5ti! tr!ver(!u dru4u# "e 4!rc!7 "ieton!#.
Inii!# victi4e#e !u $o(t i.)ite de !utoturi(4u# condu( de incu#"!tu# B.I. 5i
!u $o(t "roiect!te "e c!ro(!)i#< M.E. c+.9nd *n .on! !co(t!4entu#ui< i!r N.I. *n .on!
!8u#ui dru4u#ui. Du"+ ce incu#"!tu# B.I. ! o"rit !utoturi(4u# 5i (-! de"#!(!t
*4"reun+ cu 4!rtorii c!re *# *n(oe!u "entru ! con(t!t! ur4+ri#e 5i ! !(i3ur! .on!
!ccidentu#ui< *n (en( contr!r !u !"+rut dou+ !utoturi(4e< ce# de-!# doi#e! $iind
condu( de incu#"!tu# N.C. Pri4u# !utoturi(4 ! reu5it (+ oco#e!(c+ victi4!< *n(+
incu#"!tu# N.C. nu ! o)(erv!t-o 5i ! trecut "e(te e!. 0n !ce(te condiii< N.I. $iind
!ccident!t de !4)e#e 4!5ini ! deced!t< i!r M.E. ! (u$erit #e.iuni 3r!ve.
;!+ de conc#u.ii#e r!"ortu#ui de e8"erti.+ 4edico-#e3!#+< din c!re ! re.u#t!t
c+ #e.iuni#e (u$erite de N.I. din i4"!ctu# cu !utoturi(4u# condu( de incu#"!tu# N.C.
nu !u contri)uit #! "roducere! dece(u#ui< "ri4! in(t!n+ ! di("u( (cAi4)!re!
*nc!dr+rii 7uridice "entru $!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.C. din in$r!ciune! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt.
1&, !#in. ='? Cod "en!#< *n in$r!ciune! "rev+.ut+ *n !rt. 1,/ !#in. ='? 5i =/? din
!ce#!5i cod.
Prin deci.i! "en!#+ nr. 1-' din '1 4!rtie '::2< Curte! de A"e# Pite5ti !
!d4i( !"e#u# incu#"!tu#ui N.C. 5i ! di("u( (u("end!re! condiion!t+ ! e8ecut+rii
"ede"(ei !"#ic!te !ce(tui!.
Recur(u# dec#!r!t de incu#"!t< "rin c!re ! invoc!t< *ntre !#te#e< c!.u# de
c!(!re "rev+.ut *n !rt. -,2 !#in. =1? "ct. 1& Cod "rocedur+ "en!#+< !r+t9nd c+ *n 4od
3re5it in(t!n! de !"e# nu ! !"#ic!t "revederi#e !rt. /& Cod "en!#< re$erito!re #! c!.u#
$ortuit< e(te ne$ond!t.
Prin coro)or!re! dec#!r!ii#or incu#"!tu#ui B.I. cu dec#!r!ii#or 4!rtori#or<
"roce(u#-ver)!# de con(t!t!re *ntoc4it de or3!ne#e de "o#iie< $oto3r!$ii#e 7udici!re
de #! #ocu# !ccidentu#ui 5i r!"ortu# de e8"erti.+ 4edico-#e3!#+< (-! (t!)i#it
contri)ui! concret+ ! incu#"!tu#ui N.C.< $iind dovedit+ vinov+i! !ce(tui! (u)
&6
$or4! cu#"ei (i4"#e *n "roducere! !ccidentu#ui !uto< "rin nere("ect!re! unor re3u#i
de circu#!ie rutier+< !v9nd dre"t con(ecin+ v+t+4!re! cor"or!#+ ! victi4ei N.I.<
"rin #e.iuni#e "rodu(e #! nive#u# "icio!re#or< c!re nu !u !vut un "oteni!#
t!n!to3ener!tor.
Incu#"!tu# N.C.< !3ent "rinci"!# de "o#iie< *n c!#it!te de conduc+tor !uto< cu
"re3+tire! 5i e8"erien! nece(!r+< !ve! nu nu4!i o)#i3!i!< d!r 5i "o(i)i#it!te! de !
"roced! cu 4!8i4+ di#i3en+ *n de"#!(!re! "e dru4uri#e "u)#ice "e ti4" de no!"te
*n !"ro"iere! unui 4!rc!7 "ieton!#< *n (co"u# evit+rii oric+rui "erico#.
0n c!u.+< incu#"!tu# N.C. nu ! re("ect!t re3u#i#e rutiere de de"#!(!re cu
!utoturi(4u# "e ti4" de no!"te< *n (en(u# c+ nu ! d!t dov!d+ de di#i3en+ "rin
#u!re! tuturor 4+(uri#or *n vedere! evit+rii oric+rui "erico#.
A5! cu4 re.u#t+ din "ro)e#e !d4ini(tr!te *n c!u.+< $!"t! incu#"!tu#ui N.C.<
c!re nu ! #u!t to!te 4+(uri#e nece(!re "entru o de"#!(!re *n (i3ur!n+ "e dru4uri#e
"u)#ice *n (co"u# evit+rii oric+rui "erico#< *nc+#c9nd "revederi#e #e3!#e reinute 5i !
!ccident!t victi4! "rin trecere! cu !utoturi(4u# "e(te "icio!re#e !ce(tei!<
"roduc9ndu-i #e.iuni ce nu !u !vut c!r!cter t!n!to3ener!tor< *n(+ c!re *n (itu!i!
(u"r!vieuirii !r $i nece(it!t 1:-1:: .i#e de *n3ri7iri 4edic!#e< con(tituie in$r!ciune!
de v+t+4!re cor"or!#+ din cu#"+.
0n ("e+< nu (unt incidente "revederi#e !rt. /& Cod "en!#< re$erito!re #! c!.u#
$ortuit< *ntruc9t incu#"!tu#< !v9nd "re3+tire! 5i e8"erien! nece(!r+< "ute! 5i tre)ui!
(+ "rev!d+ re.u#t!tu# (oci!#4ente "ericu#o(< 5i !nu4e "roducere! unui !ccident de
circu#!ie< !tunci c9nd nu ! #u!t to!te 4+(uri#e de (i3ur!n+ *n tr!$ic.
Condii! i4"revi.i)i#it+ii !)(o#ute ! *4"re7ur+rii c!re ! deter4in!t
"roducere! re.u#t!tu#ui nu e(te *nde"#init+< *ntruc9t "re.en! victi4ei "e c!ro(!)i# !
$o(t (e4n!#i.!t+ de incu#"!tu# B.I.< *4"re7ur!re c!re ! condu( #! oco#ire! !ce(tei! de
c+tre un !#t !utoturi(4< *n ti4" ce incu#"!tu# nu ! "utut evit! !ccidentu#< c! ur4!re
! nere("ect+rii o)#i3!ii#or "entru evit!re! oric+rui "erico#.
0n con(ecin+< recur(u# incu#"!tu#ui ! $o(t re("in(.

Not+D Prevederi#e !rt. 1 5i !rt. 16 din Decretu# nr. -',>1166 (e re3+(e(c *n !rt. -2 5i
!rt. /, !#in. =1? din O. U. G. nr. 112>'::'< i!r "revederi#e !rt. /1 #it. n? din
Re3u#!4entu# "entru !"#ic!re! Decretu#ui nr. -',>1166< *n !rt. 12, #it. 4? din H. G.
nr. ,2>'::-.F
Co+entariu:
2Nu sunt ntrunite condi.iile prevzute n art. 98 Cod penal referitoare la
cazul fortuit, dac inculpatul, care nu a respectat regulile de circula.ie pe
&&
dru+urile pu-lice n vederea evitrii oricrui pericol, av,nd pregtirea 'i
e4perien.a necesar, putea 'i tre-uia s prevad rezultatul social+ente periculos,
'i anu+e producerea unui accident de circula.ie, condi.ia i+previzi-ilit.ii
a-solute a +prejurrii care a deter+inat producerea rezultatului nefiind
ndeplinit.5
Punctu# de vedere !# in(t!nei e(te tot!# corect< ne$iind "o(i)i#+ invoc!re!
c!.u#ui $ortuit< "entru c+ !ccidentu# (-! "rodu( ur4!re! *nc+#c!rii re3u#!4etu#ui
!uto< i!r re("in3ere! recur(u#ui incu#"!tu#ui e(te !)(o#ut 4otiv!t+.
&,
CONCLU#II
A4 !#e( c! (u)iect de !n!#i.+ 5i te4+ de cercet!re ICa9ele ca!e ='l:(9!:
ca!ac(e!9l pe'al al +ap(eiI< *n c!dru# #ucr+rii de #icen+< c! ur4!re ! i4"ort!nei
!ce(tui c!"ito# *n !ctu!#u# Cod "en!# !# Ro49niei 5i< 4eninere! #or *n nou# Cod
"en!# ce v! intr! *n vi3o!re *nce"9nd cu -1 dece4)rie ':1'< *n c!re !u 4!i $o(t
!d+u3!te< *n(+< c!u.e noi c!D e8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei o)#i3!iiB
con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei v+t+4!te 5i e8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#.
A4 (tructur!t #ucr!re! *n trei c!"ito#e< !v9nd *n vedere c#!(i$ic!re! c!u.e#or
*n Nou# Cod "en!#. A(t$e# c+< *n "ri4u# c!"ito# !4 "re.ent!t !("ecte#e 3ener!#e
"rivind c!u.e#e c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei< cu"rin.9nd ur4+to!re#e ideiD
- noiune! de c!r!cter "en!# !# $!"teiB
- "o(i)i#it!te! *n#+tur+rii c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"teiB
- conce"tu# c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"teiB
- *n#+tur!re! c!r!cteru#ui "en!# !# $!"tei "rin #i"(! "erico#u#ui (oci!#B
- c#!(i$ic!re! c!u.e#or c!re *n#+tur+ c!r!cteru# "en!# !# $!"tei.
C!"ito#u# !# doi#e! conine 5i de.)!te c!u.e#e 7u(ti$ic!tive< (u) to!te !("ecte#e<
din !ce!(t+ c!te3orie de c!u.e $+c9nd "!rteD #e3iti4! !"+r!re< (t!re! de nece(it!te<
e8ercit!re! unui dre"t (!u *nde"#inire! unei o)#i3!ii< con(i4+49ntu# "er(o!nei
v+t+4!te.0n c!dru# "ri4e#or dou+ c!u.e !4 "re.ent!t 5i dou+ ("ee "e !ce(te te4e<
*n $in!#u# c+ror! 4i-!4 e8"u( co4ent!riu# "ro"riu #e3!t de (entin! #u!t+ de
co4"#etu# de 7udec!t+.
C!"ito#u# !# trei#e! "re.int+ c!u.e#e de nei4"ut!)i#it!te< (u) !("ecte#e #or
e(eni!#e< din !ce(te c!u.e $+c9nd "!rteD con(tr9n3ere! $i.ic+B con(tr9n3ere!
4or!#+=ce#e dou+ c!u.e $iind "riv!te individu!# *n nou# cod "en!# $!+ de !ctu!#u#
cod "en!#< unde (unt c#!(i$ic!te *4"reun+?B e8ce(u# nei4"ut!)i#B 4inorit!te!
$+"tuitoru#uiB ire("on(!)i#it!te!B into8ic!i!B ero!re! 5i c!.u# $ortuit. A4 "re.ent!t
dou+ ("ee #! ce#e dou+ c!u.e 5i !nu4eD con(tr9n3ere! 4or!#+ 5i #! < c!.u# $ortuit<
!4)e#e !v9nd !t!5!t co4ent!riu# "ro"riu !(u"r! deci.ii#or #u!te.
&1
Lucr!re! de $!+ "o!te con(titui un 3Aid e8"#ic!tiv de *ne#e3ere ! nout+i#or *n
nou# Cod "en!# *n "!r!#e# cu ce# !ctu!#.
,:
BIBLIO5RAFIE
13 BOROI, A#e8!ndru< 2Drept penal.Partea general.Confor+
Noului Cod penal5< Bucure5tiD Editur! C.H. BecK< ':1:B
/3 BULAI< C., Manual de drept penal, Partea general,Bucure5tiD
Editur! A##< 111&B
>3 DINCU< A.<Drept penal, Partea general, vo#.I<@.M.B.<11&2B
C3 5EOR5E,Antoniu =coord.?< Noul Cod Penal. Co+entat ;ol.
3(art.(/*"&< Bucure5tiD Editur! C.H.BecK<'::6B
43 5EOR5E,Antoniu =coord.?< Noul Cod Penal. ;ol. 33(art.*8/
(8(&< Bucure5tiD Editur! C.H.BecK<'::,B
A3 5EOR5E,Antoniu< ;inov.ia penal,Bucure5tiD Editur!
Ac!de4iei< '::-B
63 IVAN, GA.<2Drept penal. Partea general5<Bucure5tiD Editur!
C.H.BecK< '::,B
83 LUPACU, D!n < 2Noul Cod Penal(Legea nr.!"#$$%&'i Noul
Cod de Procedur Penal(Legea nr.()*#$($& 5< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u#
Huridic< ':11B
73 MITRACJE, Con(t!ntin< MITRACJE,Cri(ti!n<2Drept Penal
>o+,n5< Edii! ! IIII !< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u# Huridic< ':1:B
103 MITRACJE< C.< MITRACJE < C., Drept penal ro+,n,
Partea general,Edii! ! I-! rev+.ut+ 5i !d+u3it+< Bucure5tiD Editur! Univer(u#
Huridic< '::6B
113 PASCU, I#ie< Drept penal: Partea general, Bucure5tiD Editur!
H!4!n3iu<'::&B
1/3 POPESCU< Mire#! Sorin!< Drept penal: Partea general<
Pite5tiD Editur! EInde"enden! Econo4ic+F< '::,B
,1
1>3 STRETEANU, ;#orin< 2Drept penal: Partea general 35<
Bucure5tiD Editur! H!4!n3iu< '::1B
1C3 STRETEANU < ;#orin< MOROANU< R!#uc!< 3nstitu.ii 'i
infrac.iuni n Noul Cod Penal< Bucure5ti< ':1:B
143 A'alele U'i.e!-i(:*ii IC%'-(a'(i' B!F'c9)iK din @9r3u Hiu<
Seri! Gtiine Huridice< Nr. '>':1:< AN@ONIU <Geor3e, =-serva.ii critice cu
privire la noul Cod Penal.
1A3 CODUL PENAL=intr!t *n vi3o!re #! , dece4)rie '::,< "rin
O.U.G.nr.11,>'::,.
163 CODUL PENAL=neintr!t *n vi3o!re<v! intr! *n vi3o!re cu -1
dece4)rie ':1'?.
183 Le@ea nr.',6>1&.:&.'::1 privind Codul penal din Monitoru#
O$ici!# nr.21:> '/.:&.'::1B
173 Le@ea nr.1-2>:1.:&.':1: privind Codul de procedur penal
din Monitoru# O$ici!# nr./,6>12.:&.':1:B
/03 Le@ea nr.'&>16.:-.':1' pentru +odificarea 'i co+pletarea
Codului penal al >o+,niei 'i a Legii nr.!"#$$% privind Codul Penal din
Monitoru# O$ici!# nr.1,:>':.:-.':1'.
/13 O3U35.nr.'6>111& "rivind "roteci! co"i#u#ui !$#!t *n di$icu#t!te<
4odi$ic!t+ "rin Le3e! nr.1:, din :' iunie 111, din Monitoru# O$ici!# nr. 22&
din '-.:6.'::/.
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