Infection

1. Which of the following should be avoided when treating children

with infectious mononucleosis?

ampicillin or amoxicillin
penicillin
corticosteriods
symptomatic treatment
solid foods


2. Incubation period of 1-12 months

Mumps
Tuberculosis
Gastroenteritis
Measles
Coxsackie


3. Diagnosis is often difficult so decision to treat is based on contact
history, Mantoux test, chest X-Ray, and clinical features

Rocky mountain spotted fever
Cat scratch disease
Tuberculosis
Subacute scleorosing panencephalitis
Lyme disease


4. A separate injection is given to children at 3,4 and 12 months to
protect against

tetanus
H influenzae B
rubella
group C meningococcus
tuberculosis


5. A rare cause of childhood encephalitis

HHV6
respiratory viruses
varicella
HSV
enteroviruses


6. In severe cases, involvement of the anterior horn cells and cerebral
cortex leads to varying degrees of paralysis which may be
permanent. The muscles of respiration may be involved.

Kawasaki's disease
Erysipelas
Poliovirus infection
Herpes zoster
Herpangia


7. Complications are rare in childhood but include arthritis,
encephalitis, thrombocytopaenia and myocarditis.

Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Tuberculosis
Herpes


8. Potential HSV encephalitis should be treated with

ceftriaxone
ampicillin
cefotaxime
dexamathazone
aciclovir


9. Associated with desquamation

Post scarlet fever
Thrombocytopaenia
Impetigo
Chickenpox
Rubella


10. Which of the following is a possible complication of varicella
zoster infection?

Stroke
Encephalitis
Purpura fulminans
All of these
Necrotising fasciitis


11. The most common cause of meningitis

Malignancy
Bacterial
Fungal
Viral
Autoimmune


12. A tick-borne illness which may produce a distinctive skin lesion -
erythema chronicum migrans - caused by a spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.

Tuberculosis meningitis
Lyme disease
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Ziehl-Neilson disease
Cat scratch disease


13. An acute illness with fever, pleuritic chest pain and muscle
tenderness. May be pleural rub.

Hand, foot and mouth disease
Impetigo
Herpangia
Bornholm's disease
Erysipelas


14. Recommended for high-risk immunocompromised individuals
with deficient T-lymphocyte function, following contatc with
chickenpox

VSH
GIZ
ZIG
VSV
HSV


15. Risk factors include low birthweight, young age, not being
breastfed, vitamin A deficiency, overcrowding.

Malaria
HIV
Measles
Pneumonia
Thrombocytopaenia


16. The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the UK

Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Neisseria meningitidis
Listeria monocytogenes


17. Associated with a classical skin lesion known as erythema
migrans - a painless red expanding lesion with a bright red outer
spreading edge.

Subacute scleorosing panencephalitis
Tuberculosis
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Lyme disease
Cat scratch disease


18. What is the vaccine failure rate for primary vacination with
MMR at 12-18 months of age with respect to measles prevention?

5
2
20
15
10


19. The most common form of primary HSV illness in children

Conjunctivitis
Eczema herpeticum
Blepharitis
Herpetic whitlows
Gingivostomatitis


20. Associated with a purpuric/petechial rash

Kawasaki's disease
Chickenpox
Impetigo
Shingles
Enterovirus


21. Associated with pustular/bullous lesions

Impetigo
Rubella
Kawasaki's disease
Thrombocytopaenia
Chickenpox


22. The HIV test is unreliable before ____ of age

4 years
18 months
3 years
2 years
6 months


23. Widespread vesicular lesions develop on the skin which may be
complicated by secondary bacterial infection, possibly leading to
septicaemia

Conjunctivitis
Herpetic whitlows
Blepharitis
Eczema herpeticum
Gingivostomatitis


24. Spread via the respiratory route, progressing via the blood to
cause vesicualr lesions on the skin.

Rubella
Herpes
Mumps
Varicella Zoster
Measles


25. Which of the following is NOT employed to reduce vertical
transmission of HIV?

antenatal retroviral drugs
postnatal retroviral drugs
avoidance of breastfeeding
perinatal retroviral drugs
avoidance of caesarian section


26. Vesicular and ulcerated lesions on the hands, feet, mouth and
tongue. Mild systemic features, subsides within a few days.

Hand, foot and mouth disease
Impetigo
Erysipelas
Bornholm's disease
Herpangia


27. Associated with a papular rash

Kawasaki's disease
Impetigo
Chickenpox
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Shingles


28. Caused by an arbovirus, common in tropic and subtropical areas,
particularly India, South East Asia and the Pacific. Spread by
mosquitoes. Primary infection characterised by a fine erythematous
rash, myalgia, arthralgia and fever.

Dysentry
Dengue fever
Typhoid
Tuberculosis
Diptheria


29. Maternal transmission may lead to foetal hydrops and death due
to severe anaemia, althougbthe majority of foetuses will recover.

VSV
HHV6
Parvovirus B19
HHV8
Enterovirus


30. Incubation period of 15-24 days (median 19)

Measles
Gastroenteritis
Mumps
Coxsackie
Tuberculosis


31. Which of the following crosses the placenta?

IgB
IgA
IgG
IgE
IgM


32. White spots on buccal mucosa, seen against a bright red
background. Pathognomic for measles.

Kopernan's spots
Kupferman's spots
Copwer's spots
Copernican's spots
Koplik's spots


33. With mumps, infectivity is for up to __ days after the onset of
parotid swelling

7
21
2
14
34


34. Treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, aspirin and anti-
platelet aggregation agents

Kawasaki's disease
Toxic shock syndrome
Necrotising fasciitis
Scalded skin syndrome
Periorbital cellulitis


35. How long should a child stay away from school if they have had
gastroenteritis? (from last episode of diarrhoea)

24 hours
12 hours
36 hours
56 hours
48 hours


36. Reduces the risk of long term complications from meningitis such
as deafness when administered with antibiotics

Dexamethasone
Cefotaxzmine
Ceftriaxone
Ampicillin
Rifampicin


37. When treating TB, this should be given weekly to prevent
peripheral neuropathy associated with isoniazid therapy

Ethambutol
Pytazinamide
Rifampicin
Pyridoxine
Dexamethazone


38. IgG levels in the infant are lowest at around

8-12 months
1-2 days
6-8 months
2-3 weeks
2-4 months


39. A rare, fatal, late complication of measles infection. Death is
inevitable.

Rocky mountain spotted fever
Cat scratch disease
Lyme disease
Post infectious encephalopathy
Subacute scleorosing panencephalitis


40. Associated with a vesicular rash

Kawasaki's disease
Chickenpox
Rubella
Impetigo
Thrombocytopaenia


41. The MMR vaccination is given at about

4 months
13 months
2 months
6 months
8 months


42. Associated with a purpuric/petechial rash

Meningococcal infection
Chickenpox
Kawasaki's disease
Impetigo
Shingles


43. Which of the following is NOT caused by enteroviruses

Herpangia
Pleurodynia
Meningitis/encephalitis
Chickenpox
Myocarditis/pericarditis


44. Which of the following is NOT associated with periorbital
cellulitis

H. influenzae
Strep. pneumoniae
Staph. aureus
all of these ARE associated
Strep. pyogenes


45. Which of the following is FALSE regarding Mycobacterium
avium intracellulare (MAI)?

Causes 'bird flu'
It may cause pulmonary disease
It is an opportunistic human pathogen
Characteristic features include fever and diarrhoea
Common in patients with advanced HIV


46. Caused by parvovirus B19, it causes production of red blood cells
(RBC's) to be shut down for 10 days

ahaemotic crisis
parvocrisis
productive crisis
enterocrisis
aplastic crisis


47. Incubation period of 6-19 days (median 13)

Gastroenteritis
Measles
Coxsackie
Mumps
Tuberculosis


48. Mortlity of more than 70% if untreated

Encephalitis
Gingivostomatitis
Eczema herpeticum
varicella zoster
Aseptic meningitis


49. Which of the following is not protected against by the 5 in 1
injection given to infants at 2, 3 and 4 months of age?

polio
pertussis
diptheria
tetanus
tuberculosis


50. Incubation period of 15-20 days. Spread via respiratory route.
Maculopapular rash often first sign of infection.

Rubella
Measles
Herpes
Tuberculosis
Mumps


51. May be treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet, but both have
serious side effects.

HHV6
CMV
HSV
HHV8
EBV


52. Inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a virus. Occurs in
about in 5000 cases of measles.

Periventricular acquiesence
Encephalitis
Periventricular leukomalacia
Elephantitis
Leukotriene encephaly


53. The virus gains access to the parotid glands before further
dissemination to other tissues

Rubella
Mumps
Measles
Tuberculosis
Herpes


54. Refers to the phenomenon in scalded skin syndrome where areas
of epidermis separate on gental pressure.

Mikhailovich's sign
Nikolsky's sign
Dostoevsky's sign
Fyodor's sign
Sarkovsky's sign


55. An antiviral drug used in immunocompromised patients with
measles

Ribavarin
Rifabutin
Rifamate
Riboflavin
Ridaura


56. Features include; fever, malaise, tonsillopharyngitis, and
lymphadenopathy

Herpes
Encephalitis
Purpura fulminans
Varicella Zoster
Infectious mononucleosis


57. Which of the following is a NNRTI?

abacavir
zidovudine
nelfinavir
efavirenz
emtricitabine


58. Incubation period of 2-7 days

Chickenpox
Coxsackie
Enterovirus
Herpes Simplex
Gastroenteritis


59. The hallmark is that after primary infection the virus persists
within the host, usually in a dormant state.

Herpes
Rubella
Tuberculosis
Mumps
Measles


60. Scalded skin syndrome is most likely to be caused by

Streptococcal family
H. influenzae family
Staphlococcal family
Parvovirus family
Enterovirus family


61. Transmission is primarily by the faecal-oral route

Epstein-Barr viruses
Parvoviruses
Herpes viruses
Enteroviruses
Cytomegaloviruses


62. Boils are usually caused by

Group B Streptococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Parvoviruses
Group A Streptococcus
Enteroviruses


63. Painful, erythematous oedmatous white pustules on the site of
broken skin on the fingers

Blepharitis
Herpetic whitlows
Eczema herpeticum
Conjunctivitis
Gingivostomatitis


64. Associated with a macular rash

Impetigo
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Chickenpox
Rubella
Shingles


65. Can be followed by hearing loss, although this is usually
unilateral and transient.

Rubella
Herpes
Measles
Mumps
Tuberculosis


66. Incubation period of 10-23 days

Gastroenteritis
Chickenpox
Enterovirus
Herpes Simplex
Coxsackie


67. Incubation period of 1-10 days

Herpes Simplex
Gastroenteritis
Coxsackie
Chickenpox
Enterovirus


68. Treatment is with aciclovir

Tuberculosis
Herpes
Mumps
Measles
Rubella


69. Associated with a purpuric/petechial rash

Kawasaki's disease
Impetigo
Thrombocytopaenia
Shingles
Chickenpox


70. Mainly transmitted through the transfer of genital secretions

HSV1
HSV2
HSV4
HSV5
HSV3


71. Transmitted via saliva, genital secretions or breastmilk. In the
immunocompromised host infection can cause retinitis, pneumonitis,
bone marrow failure, encephalitis, hepatitis, colitis and oesophagitis.
Organ recipients are closely monitored for evidence of ____
acvtivation.

CMV
HHV6
HSV
HHV8
EBV


72. Lymphocytes are seen in the CSF in ____% cases of meningitis

40
60
70
80
50


73. Coxsackie, Echovirus, and Polio are all examples of

Enteroviruses
Parvoviruses
Herpes viruses
Cytomegaloviruses
Epstein-Barr viruses


74. Uncommon complications include orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis
and arthritis

Rubella
Measles
Mumps
Meningitis
Herpes


75. Inflammation of the brain parenchyma with the presence of
clinically evident neurological dysfunction

Hydrocephalus
Meningitis
Cerbellosis
Cerebellitis
Encephalitis


76. A localised, highly contagious, staphylococcal and/or
streptococcal skin infection, most common in infants and young
children. Honey crusted lesions often seen.

Herpangia
Hydrops
Impetigo
Bornholm's disease
Hand foot and mouth disease


77. Often present for long periods in the nasopharynx of health
children. May cause pharyngitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis,
sinusitis, pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, & meningitis.

Staph. aureus
Strep. pyogenes
Strep. pneumoniae
Step. pyogenes
H. influenzae


78. Associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, a tumour which occurs in
immunosuppressed patients and certain African and Mediterranean
populations

HHV6
HHV8
HHV7
VSV
Parvovirus B19


79. The major cause of the infectious mononucleosis syndrome, but
also involved in pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma and
naospharyngeal carcinoma

EBV
VZV
HSV
HHV8
HHV6


80. There are currently 8 known viruses causing this condition

Tuberculosis
Herpes
Measles
Rubella
Mumps


81. A systemic illness with high fever, diffuse macular rash, and
hypotension, among other symptoms. Caused by staphlococci and
streptococci. 1-2 weeks after onset there is desquamation of the
palms, soles, fingers and toes.

Toxic shock syndrome
Rubella
Cellulitis
Mumps
Measles


82. Prophylaxis against primary pneumocystis pneumonia
(Pneumocystis jiroveci) in infants with HIV

Pyridoxine
Rifampicin
Pytazinamide
co-trimoxazole
Ethambutol


83. Causes erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, or slapped cheek
syndrome

HHV7
VSV
HHV8
HHV6
Parvovirus B19


84. A rare chronic, progressive conditon affecting primarily children
and young adults, caused by a persistent infection of immune
resistant measles virus. 1 in 100,000 people infected with measles
develop this.

Periventricular leukomalacia
Elephantitis
Periventricular acquiesence
Leukotriene encephaly
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis


85. The classic infectious syndrome associated with this is exantheum
subitum (frequently misdiagnosed as measles or rubella)

HHV8
CMV
HHV7
VSV
HHV6


86. May occur in sexually active adolescents. Usually a complication
of HS2 infections, occuring within 10 days of a primary infection.
Resolves without sequelae.

varicella zoster
Encephalitis
Gingivostomatitis
Eczema herpeticum
Aseptic meningitis


87. Aneurysms of the coronary arteries are an important
complication. Mainly affects children 6 months to 4 years old. It is a
vasculitis affecting small and medium sized vessels. Associated with
fever > 5 days.

Periorbital cellulitis
Scalded skin syndrome
Necrotising fasciitis
Toxic shock syndrome
Kawasaki's disease


88. Which of the following is a protease inhibitor?

efavirenz
abacavir
emtricitabine
zidovudine
nelfinavir


89. Triple or quadruple therapy (rifampicin, isoniazid,
pyrazinamide, ethambutol) is the recommended initial treatment
combination

Cat scratch disease
Tuberculosis
Subacute scleorosing panencephalitis
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Lyme disease