EC-316

8085 MICROPROCESSOR PROJECT

REPORT




Submitted to: Submitted by:

Prof. D.V.Gadre Lalit Goel (75/EC/11)
Manshul Arora (78/EC/11)

Submitted on :

30/MAY/2014


Name of the Institute:

Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology (NSIT)


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are taking this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and regards to Prof.
D.V.Gadre for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement
throughout the course of this project. His lucid explanation of the concepts helped us
to implement them practically in this project. The project allowed us to explore the
8085 microprocessor beyond the book. We would also like to thank our friend,
Malay Rautela, for helping us in times of need.
- Lalit Goel
- Manshul Arora












CONTENTS

S.No. Topic Page No.

1. Project Title 1

2. Objective 1

3. About the Project 1

4. Block Diagram 2

5. Components used 3

6. Tools used 4

7. Schematic 5

8. Board Layout 12

9. Project Code 15

10. Simplified Flow Chart 19

11. Proposed Timeline 20

12. Actual Timeline 21

13. References 23




1. Project Title: Keypad Code/Password Detector


2. Objective: The main aim of this project is to design a keypad password detector using 8085
microprocessor. The password is static and cannot be changed by the user.


3. About the Project:

In this project, a 4*4 matrix keypad is interfaced to the microprocessor system through a
MM74C922 keypad encoder IC. The user enters the 4-digit password through the keypad
whenever the Enter Password LED lights up. One button in the keypad is used as the
Submit Password button. When keypad buttons are pressed, the encoder generates an
RST7.5 interrupt to the microprocessor. The interrupt service routine determines which
digit is pressed and stores the corresponding data in RAM. Also, 4 LEDs glow to indicate
that 4 digits have been pressed. On pressing the Submit button, the stored password is
compared with the actual password. A green or red LED then glows to indicate whether the
password is correct or incorrect. The number of attempts is indicated by LED indicators and
after four unsuccessful attempts; the system gives a warning through a buzzer.









4. Block Diagram: A block diagram for the project in a broad sense is presented below:-








8085
P


Input
Through
4*4 Matrix
Keypad



MM74C922
Keyboard
Encoder


RAM
(32 kB)

EEPROM
(32 kB)

Outputs
using LEDs
and
buzzer
connected
to latches





5. Components used:

COMPONENTS QUANTITY MODEL
8085 (8-bit microprocessor) 1 8085AH
EPROM (32K X 8 bit) 1 27256
SRAM (32K X 8 bit) 62256
16 key Encoder 1 MM74C922
8 bit D latch bus driver 3 74HCT573N
Quad 2 input NOR gate 1 74HCT02N
Quad 2 input OR gate 1 74HCT32N
3 to 8 line
decoder/multiplexer active
low output
2 74HCT138N
Crystal
(Frequency = 4 MHz)
1 XTAL/S
Resistors 22 Resistors of different values
have been used with LEDs of
different colours. (Package
0204/7, 1/8 W)
Pull-up resistors=10 k
Pull down resistors = 680
Capacitors 15 Decoupling Capacitors = 0.1
F

Capacitor connected to crystal
= 22 pF

Capacitors after the power jack
= 10 F (electrolytic) and 0.1
F (ceramic)

Capacitors connected to


MM74C922 = 1 F and 0.1 F

Leds (3mm and 5mm) 13 LEDs of different colours have
been used, namely red, green,
blue and yellow
Power jack 1
Buzzer 1 F/QMBIII

6. Tools used:

Software tools:

1. EAGLE 6.4.0 for schematic and board layout
2. 8085 Simulator IDE by OshonSoft
3. UniPro software

Hardware Tools:

1. Soldering Iron
2. Solder
3. Multimeter
4. +5V DC Power Supply
5. UniPro Programmer
6. Cutter, Tweezer, Hand Files, etc.






7. Schematic:

8085 Basic Connections:



8085 is connected to RAM and EPROM using its data bus and one Latch for latching
the lower order adress from the multiplexed address and data bus.
The interrupts that were not required have been grounded through pull-down resistors.
The READY pin is set to logic 1 through a pull up resistor.
An LED has been attached to SOD pin and a push button has been attached to SID pin
for testing purposes.
Appropriate Reset circuitry has been used.








The memory read, memory write, I/O read and I/O write control signals have been
generated using a decoder as shown below:




A second decoder and 2-input NOR gates have been used to generate select signals for
two output ports.





Power supply:




The output from a +5V power supply is connected at CON1.
Capacitors are used to eliminate noise and generate a DC supply. Electrolytic capacitor
(10 F) is used to eliminate low-frequency noise, while ceramic capacitor (0.1 F) is
used to eliminate high frequency noise. Thus, a pure DC voltage is obtained. LED is
used to indicate the presence of power.
On further observing the circuit, it was realised that the voltage drop across the diode
varied with the current and hence, at the diode terminals on the board, a jumper wire
was connected instead of the diode.










Output Ports:



This is our output port 1 which consists of various LEDs and a buzzer connected to a latch.
The LEDs indicate the following function:
1 Enter password.
2 No. of password key pressed.
3 Correct and Incorrect password.

Similarly, the output port 2 contains an LED indicator which indictaes the number of
attempts left.








Latch is used for holding output data. Its enable pin is always grounded and its chip
select pin is selected through control signal as generated in control part.







Input through Keypad:



IC2 (MM74C922) is used to generate interrupt when a key is pressed from a keypad. When
a key is pressed its value is stored in some memory location and is used after some time for
comparison.
The MM74C922 keypad encoder implements all the logic necessary to interface a keypad
to a digital system. The encoder finds if any connections are being made in the keypad and
outputs four bits corresponding to the state of the keypad. One of the output bits, the "Data
Available" bit, is high when a button is being pressed and low when no button is being
pressed. The other four output bits are data bits which output a number depending on
which of the sixteen buttons is being pressed. Figure 1 shows a detailed diagram of how the
encoder is used. The eight inputs from the keypad are connected directly to the encoder.
The "Data Available" bit and the data bits are on the right side of the diagram.
The two capacitors located at the KBM and OSC pins of the encoder are used for
eliminating key bouncing. Figure 2 shows the debounce period versus the capacitor value
at the KBM input in microfarads. Using this graph, a capacitor value of 1 F was chosen.
This gives a sufficient debounce period that will eliminate all key bouncing but is not so
large that it requires the user to hold the button down a long time before the encoder
recognizes the input. Finding the value of the capacitor at the OSC pin is just a matter of
dividing the capacitance of the KBM capacitor by 10. Therefore, a capacitor with a value
of 0.1 F is used.




Figure 1: Diagram of Keypad and Keypad Encoder








7. Board Layout:


















8. Project Code:

;Crystal Frequency 4 MHz
.ORG 0000H
JMP START1
.ORG 003CH
JMP ISR
START1: DI
LXI SP,0000H ;Initialising Stack Pointer
MVI C,04H ;Register C holds the number of attempts
CALL START2 ;Subroutine to initialise the required RAM locations and
;LED Indicator
CALL START3 ;Subroutine for initial setup
EI
NO_OPR: NOP
NOP
JMP NO_OPR ;Remains in the loop till interrupt occurs
ISR: DI
PUSH PSW
PUSH H
IN 02H ;Read Keypad
ANI 0FH
CPI 0FH ;Check if Submit button is pressed
JZ SUBMIT
STA 8000H ;Store the encoded data in a RAM location
MOV A,B
CPI 03H ;Check which digit is entered
JZ DIG_1
CPI 02H
JZ DIG_2
CPI 01H
JZ DIG_3
CPI 00H
JZ DIG_4
JMP RETURN
DIG_4: LDA 8000H ; To compare Digit 4Th of entered password with stored
STA 8004H. ; Digit of correct Password
MVI A,00000111B
OUT 00H
JMP DIG_DONE


DIG_3: LDA 8000H ; To compare Digit 3
rd
of entered password with stored
STA 8003H ; Digit of correct Password
MVI A,00001111B
OUT 00H
JMP DIG_DONE
DIG_2: LDA 8000H ; To compare Digit 2nd of entered password with stored
STA 8002H ; Digit of correct Password
MVI A,00011111B
OUT 00H
JMP DIG_DONE
DIG_1: LDA 8000H ; To compare Digit 1st of entered password with stored
STA 8001H ; Digit of correct Password
MVI A,00111111B
OUT 00H
JMP DIG_DONE
DIG_DONE: DCR B
RETURN: POP H
POP PSW
EI
RET
SUBMIT: LDA 8001H ;Submit button pressed
CPI 00H
JNZ WRONG
LDA 8002H
CPI 04H
JNZ WRONG
LDA 8003H
CPI 08H
JNZ WRONG
LDA 8004H
CPI 0CH
JNZ WRONG
RIGHT: MVI A,11111101B ;Password entered is correct
OUT 00H
HLT
WRONG: MVI A,11111011B ;Password entered is incorrect
OUT 00H
DCR C
CALL START2
MOV A,C
CPI 00H
JZ OVER


CALL DEL_5
CALL START3
POP H
POP PSW
EI
RET
OVER: MVI A,11111010B ;No. of attempts are over
OUT 00H
HLT
START2: PUSH PSW
MVI A,00H
STA 8000H
STA 8001H
STA 8002H
STA 8003H
STA 8004H
MVI B,03H
LXI H,TABLE
MOV A,L
ADD C
MOV L,A
JNC NO_ADJ
INR H
NO_ADJ: MOV A,M
OUT 01H
POP PSW
RET
START3: MVI A,01111111B
OUT 00H
RET
DEL_5: PUSH B ;Delay Subroutine
PUSH PSW
MVI D,02H
LOOP1: LXI B,0FFFFH
LOOP2: DCX B
MOV A,B
ORA C
JNZ LOOP2
DCR D
JNZ LOOP1
POP PSW
POP B


RET
TABLE: .DB 35H
.DB 15H
.DB 14H
.DB 04H
.DB 00H
;RESERVE .EQU 8000H
;RESERVE1 .EQU 8001H
;RESERVE2 .EQU 8002H
;RESERVE3 .EQU 8003H
;RESERVE4 .EQU 8004H
;P1 .EQU 0FH
;P2 .EQU 00H
;P3 .EQU 04H
;P4 .EQU 08H
;SUB_BUTTON .EQU 0CH
.END



















9. Simplified Flow Chart:











START



Enter Password LED Glows
User enters the 4-digit password and Submit
button
READ KEYPAD


READ KEYPAD
Check whether
entered
password is
correct
PASSWORD is Incorrect
SWITCH ON RED LED
PASSWORD is Correct
SWITCH ON GREEN LED
END
DECREMENT THE LED INDICATOR BY
SWITCHING ON AN LED
CHECK WHETHER
WRONG
PASSWORD HAS
BEEN ENTERED
4 TIMES
ISSUE A WARNING
THROUGH BUZZER



10. Proposed Timeline:

Beginning Date End Date Duration Task
3
rd
February 20
th
February 18 days Studying the concepts
integral to the
understanding of the
project
Finalizing the circuit
Submission of the list of
ICs
21
st
February 7
th
March 15 days Preparation of Mid-
Semester Exam
Mid-Semester Exams
8
th
March 17
th
March 10 days Design the schematic
18
th
March 31
st
March 14 days Write the program
1
st
April 30
th
April 30 days Drilling, Soldering
Testing
Debugging
















11. Actual Timeline:

Beginning Date End Date Duration Task
3
rd
February 20
th
February 18 days Studied the concepts
integral to the
understanding of the
project
Finalized the circuit

21
st
February 7
th
March 15 days Preparation of Mid-
Semester Exam
Mid-Semester Exams
15
th
March 31
st
March 17 days Designed a rough
schematic
Tested MM74C922
Keyboard Encoder on
Breadboard
Wrote the program
1
st
April 13
th
April 14 days Finalized the schematic
15
th
April 23
rd
April 8 days Board being
manufactured by
PCBPower


3
rd
May 13
th
May 10 days Soldering
SID/SOD Testing
working successfully
Debugging code
Main code testing
Working satisfactorily
except some minor
glitches


1. The month of January was dedicated to finding Project Idea and preparing Proposal.


2. Before the end of February, the circuit was finalized conceptually and work on schematic
had begun.
3. The schematic was finalized till 31
st
March.
4. We worked on the board file till 8
th
April and placed the order on 13
th
April (delivery
within 7 working days) after incorporating some more changes.
5. The board came on 23
rd
April as expected.
6. We completed soldering and tested the working of SID/SOD pins and output LEDs till
5
th
May.
7. From 7
th
May to 13
th
May, we tested the main code multiple times, incorporating some
changes each time. The project worked satisfactorily.















REFERENCES :
1. Microprocessor , Architecture, Programming , and Application with 8085 by
Ramesh Gaonkar.
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085
3. https://sites.google.com/site/imnishantg/projects
4. https://sites.google.com/site/colordetector8085/home/schematics