The Mole Concept

Many objects are not measured by weight but are always counted such as
Dozens = 12
similarly atoms or molecules are also counted in moles
Each mole has fixed number of particles
Avogadros Number
Avogadros Number (symbol N) is the number of atoms in 12.01 grams of carbon.
Its numerical value is 6.02 10
23
.
Therefore, a 12.01 g sample of carbon contains 6.02 10
23
carbon atoms.
The Mole
The mole (mol) is a unit of measure for an amount of a chemical substance.
A mole is Avogadros number of particles, that is 6.02 10
23
particles.
1 mol = Avogadros Number = 6.02 10
23
units
We can use the mole relationship to convert between the number of particles and the mass of
a substance.
An amount of a substance that contains Avogadros number of atoms, ions, molecules, or any
other chemical unit is called A MOLE.
A mole of C-12 atoms is defined as having a mass of exactly 12.00 g, a mass that is equal to its
atomic weight.
1 mole (mol):
Amount of matter that contains as many objects (atoms, molecules) as
the number of atoms in isotopically pure
12
C. 6.022 x 10
23

Also known as Avogadros number.
1 mol
12
C atoms = 6.02 x 10
23

12
C atoms
1 mol H
2
O molecules = 6.02 x 10
23
molecules
1 mole NO
3
-
ions = 6.02 x 10
23
NO
3
-
ions.
The gram atomic weight of an element is the mass in grams of one mole of an element that is
numerically equal to its atomic weight.
The gram formula weight of a compound is the mass in grams of one mole of the compound
that is numerically equal to its formula weight.
The gram formula weight of a compound is the sum total of all the individual atomic weight
in the formula.
The gram molecular weight is the gram formula weight of a molecular compound.









1. If 1 g sulphur dioxide contains x molecules, what will be the number
of molecules in 1 g of methane?
2. How many grams of neon will have the same number of atoms as 4 g of calcium?
PRACTISE QUESTIONS
1. Determine the mass of 6.022 X 1023 number of N2 molecules.
2. Calculate the number of particles in-
(i) 8 g of O2 molecules (ii) 2.5 mol of calcium atoms.
3. What is the mass of 2.5 mol of Methane?
4. Find the mass of one molecule of water.
5. Calculate the number of water molecules and number of oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a
drop of water containing 0.03 mol of water.
6. Calculate the actual mass of one atom of carbon if 12 grams of Carbon contain one mole of
Carbon.
7. Calculate mass of Nitrogen (N2) which contains same number of molecules as are present in
4.4 grams of Carbon-di-oxide (CO2).
8. Atomic mass of gold is 197 u. How many moles of gold are present in an ornament containing
88.65 grams of gold?
9. How many moles of SO2 have same mass as 3 moles of oxygen?
10. A glass of water contains 5 mol of water. How many molecules of water are present?
11. What is the mass of a formula unit of Na+Cl-?
12. How many atoms of Silver are present in a silver wire weighing 5.4 grams?
13. Calculate the ratio of molecules present in 16 g of methane and 16 g of oxygen.
14. Convert into mole. (a) 12 g of oxygen gas (b) 20 g of water (c) 22 g of carbon-dioxide.