UE 2001 Section C

1. The writer considers that……

D. we should be surprised that the environment is not in worse

condition.

Source Explanation Skills

Tested
Line 1, 7-9 ‘The world’s The writer proposes a mock Tone/Infere
environment is examination question and nce
surprisingly healthy. students who offer a lot of
Discuss.’…Yet the evidence to show the
highest marks should be environment is healthy will get
those who agreed with high marks.
the statement. The
surprise is how good
things are, not how bad.

2. According to paragraph 2, the environmental problems faced by

poor countries……

C. can theoretically be overcome.

Source Explanation Skills

Tested
Lines 20-21, ‘Theoretically’ means Reading for
hypothetically or in principle. specific
That is why today’s information
environmental problems ‘Solvable’ means can be
in poor countries ought, overcome.
in principle, to be
　
solvable.

3. According to paragraph 3, raw materials generally show no sign

of running out because……

B. we keep on finding alternatives.

Source Explanation Skills
Tested
Lines 24-28, ‘Sought new sources of Reading for
supply, and found ways to use specific
Each time a material less of the materials, or looked information
for a substitute’ are
seems to have been
alternatives that people find
running short, the price to solve the problem of
has risen and, in running out of materials.
response, people have
　
sought new sources of
supply, found ways to
use less of the materials,
or looked for a
substitute.

4. In the writer ‘s view , the primary reasons people change their

behavior in regard to potential shortages of raw materials is ……

D. increases in commodity prices

Sources Explanation Skills tested

(Line 24) Each time a People change behavior Reading for

material seems to have responding to price rises. specific
been running short , the information
price has risen and , in
response , people have
sought new sources of
supply , found ways to
use less of the materials,
or looked for a
substitute .

5.’The same’ (line 29) refers to…….

A. real prices falling over time.

Sources Explanation Skills tested

 (Lines 28-30) ‘Thus , prices
for energy and minerals
have fallen in real terms
during the century .The
same is true for food.’
‘The same’ refers the Reference
falling trend of real price
which is true for food
because of the improvement
of farming technology.

(Line 33) ‘But they always

do ,assisted by new farming
technology.’

6. Fish is used in paragraph 4 as an example of …….

: B. a resource no one takes responsibility for

Sources Explanation Skills tested

(Lines 36-7) ‘If no one
owns a resources ,no one
has interest in conserving
it .The case of fish is the
best example of this ‘
“No one own a Reading for specific
resources” means no information
one takes
responsibility for it ,
then no one has the
interest of conserving
it.

7. A main argument in paragraph 4 is that the most difficult

environmental problems are……

A. caused by conflicts between commercial and public interests.

Sources Explanation Skills Tested

Lines 35 “Market cannot
always keep the
environment healthy. .
Line 40 "Pollution, whether
of air, ground or water, is a
good example of conflicting
corporate and social
“ Pollution, whether of air, Inference
ground or water, is a good
example of conflicting
corporate and social
interest” shows that the
environmental problems are
caused by conflicts between
commercial and public
interests.
interests.”

8. According to paragraph 5, what has led to improvements in the

quality of the environment in some democratic countries?

C. Voters and governments have agreed on the necessity for

action.

Sources Explanation Skills Tested

Lines 47-49
“Once an issue has been
identified, and voters and
government have become
convinced that something
ought to be done, something
has been done.”
This implies that voters Inference
and government think that
they should do something
to improve the quality of
the environment. They will
tale action.

9.According to paragraph 5, in wealthy countries…… ?

B. The state of the government as a whole has improved in recent

years.

Sources Explanation Skills

Test
ed
Line 46, “Yet, These two sentences shows that the Reading
the record in environment has improved in recent for specific
rich countries years. Line 46, “Yet, the record in rich informatio
this century has countries this century has been good.” n
been good.” So, the state of the environment as a
whole has improved in recent years is
Line 58, right.
“Governments
have
increasingly
 insisted on
waste water
being treated
before release.”

10. Pollution from petrol has worsened because petrol…

A. Demand has grown so fast.

Source Explanation Skills tested

(Line 48) Emissions The fast growth in petrol Reading for specific
of some pollutants demand can be reflected information
have stayed high, by the faster petrol
as petrol consumption than the
consumption has effect of tighter controls.
grown faster than
the effect of tighter
controls.

11.In paragraph 6, the writer suggests that strong economic

growth…

B. Allows countries to clean up their environment.

Source Explanation Skills tested

(Line 60) In rich With strong or great economic Reading for
country, where great growth, a country can have a specific
economic growth has healthier environment. It information
occurred, the means that the great economic
environment has growth can allow the counties
become healthier. to clean up their environment

12. According to paragraph 6, in poor counties…

 D. Pollution represents a growing danger.
Source Explanation Skills
tested
(Line 63) It is in poor A ‘growing danger’ refers Reading
counties, where economic to ‘increasing hazard’. for specific
growth has been slow, that informatio
air and water pollution is an n
increasing hazard to health.

13 According to the writer, which of the following is probably NOT an

effective measure for reducing pollution?

C. banning some cars some of the time

Source Explanation Skills

Tested
Lines 71-75, “In 1989, when “many people reacted Reading for
Mexico tried to deal with air by buying a second, a specific
pollution by banning certain older (and more information
types of cars on particular days polluting) car that
of the week, many people could be used on those
reacted by buying a second, days” indicates the
older (and more polluting) car measure is NOT
that could be used on those effective to reduce
days. pollution.

14 Mexico is used by the writer in paragraph 7 as an example of a

country

D. which found it difficult to improve air quality.

Source Explanation Skills

Tested
Paragraph 7, lines 71-75, “when It shows that people’s Inference
Mexico tried to deal with air behaviour goes
pollution by banning certain against the
types of cars on particular days government’s
of the week, many people
reacted by buying a second,
older (and more polluting) car
that could be used on those
days.
expectation, so the
government found it
difficult to improve air
quality.

15 The phrase “ scourges of the environment” (lines 79-80) means…

D. enemies of the environment

Source Explanation Skills

Tested
Lines 75-80, “ The quickest way “Scourge” means “ Inference
for a government to improve the cause of great harm
environment is by reducing or suffering”.
certain subsidies, including those Subsidies and tax
on water and energy as well as breaks are harm to
by eliminating tax benefits for the environment and
polluting industries such as should be stopped to
mining. Subsidies and tax breaks improve the
are scourges of the environment environment.
worldwide.

16. In the opinion of the writer, which is the biggest problem faced
by poorer countries in their struggle against pollution?

A. They are rarely democratic.

Source Explanation Skills Tested
Lines 92-95 ‘ The The supporting line states Inference
improvement in rich that democracy foster the
countries’ development of the first 　
environments has been tough anti-pollution laws.
closely correlated with Democracy was blossoming
the growth of in some rich countries.
democracy in those Thus, the biggest problem
countries. The first faced by poorer countries is
tough anti-pollution the lack of democracy.
laws were passed in the
1950s, when
democracy was
blossoming world-
wide.‘

17.Japan is cited primarily as an example of a country ……

D. where democracy fostered anti-pollution laws.

Source Explanation Skills Tested

Lines 96-99 ‘Japan, for ‘ Citizens’ protest Reading for specific
example, was hit by a movement’ is an act information
series of pollution of democracy. The
disasters such as supporting line shows
mercury poisoning in that new laws were
the late 1950s, which passed due to the
gave rise to citizens’ development of
protest movements, democracy.
and then, to new laws
to control toxic
effluents and air
pollution. ‘

18. What would be a suitable alternative title for this articles?

B. Environmental realities: rich and poor

Source Explanation Skills tested

A. Even though the essay has Theme
 mentioned about some dangers of
pollution, in the later part of the
essay, the discussing point is about 　
how to solve the pollution problem.
So A is not correct.
B. The passages are about the
pollution problem of the rich and
poorer countries. So B is correct.
C. The essay not only mentions the
pollution in poor countries, but also
the rich countries. So C is wrong.
D. The essay is not about how the
pollution problem is deteriorating in
this century. It is not the focus of
this essay, so D is wrong.

UE 2001 Section C (19-35)

Q A Explanation Skill tested

19 A Mammoths have been extinct for thousands Context
of years which mean they were already died
out. Besides, elephants are animals which
are similar to mammoths.
20 D After “give birth to” we should use a noun Noun phrase
phrase.. “A live baby mammoth” is a noun
phrase. An article and an adjective should
go before the head noun.
21 D It is an assumption that the mammoth had Possibility and the
been preserved . use of perfect
infinitive
22 C Deleted
23 C ”Would be studied” indicated a guess of Dr. Subjunctive mood
Larry.“the mammoth” is studied by human.

24 A “Recently” indicates the time which was Passive voice

over. . It is a past tense in passive voice.
25 B The use of present participle “weighing” is Present participle
used to modify the preceding noun, tusks.
26 C the answer A “finally” goes with the order Context
answer B “one day” suggests “eventually”
While the answer D “incredibly” means it
cannot be believed C “subsequently”
suggests “then, or as a next step. ”
27 B [Asian elephants are biologically more Comparison
similar “to” mammoths “than” they are to
African elephants.] A comparative adjective
should be used.
28 D “Alternative” suggests that there are two or Context
more ways to solve the problem. One is
“inserting mammoth DNA into an elephant
egg. Another one is to “extract some frozen
sperm and pair it with an elephant egg.”
29 A Only “over many generations” suggests the Context
meaning of offspring in many years later.

30 C “Under” is used to indicate that the Preposition

mammoth is five metres below the (indicate position)
permafrost.
31 D Superlative (the closest) is used. It is to Comparison &
show the near in space between Dr. context
Agenbroad and the mammouth
32 C “Having” is a present participle modifying Present participle
the preceeding noun, mammoth.

33 C “Intact” means undamaged. It is to modify Context

“skin, hair and flesh”

34 A “Although” is needed to indicate the adverb Adverb clause of

clause of concession.. The first clause is concession.
negative and the main clause is positive.
35 B Future tense is need to indicate the Future tense
possibility of the action.

UE 2001 Section C 50-69

Q Ans Explanation Skill tested

50 Foreign countries Paragraph 4, line 5, “Mr Clinton did not say Context
what he would do about foreign online
pharmacies…”. It suggests the location of
the pharmacies.
51 regulate Paragraph 4, line 1, “President Clinton urged Context
Congress to regulate the sale of drugs over
the Internet”
52 Bigger problems Paragraph 4 line 1 “President Clinton urged Context
Congress to regulate the sale of drugs over
he Internet ,which may pose bigger problems
because…”
53 cybersmuggling Paragraph 6 line “agencies interpreted many Context
drug shipments from Vitality with the help
of computer experts in the war
on”cybersmugglng”
54 satisfied Paragraph 2 line 1 “American officials say Inference
they alerted Thai authorities to the problem
and received excellent cooperation from
Thai narcotics…” Para 3 line 3 “American
officials plan to use the Thai operation as a
model for cooperation with law-enforcement
agencies….” These suggest the satisfaction
of American officials about the Thai
operation.
55 Been arrested Paragraph 1 line 12 “Six people were Change tenses
arrested in the US for buying products from
a Thai online pharmacy.”
56 Drug smugglers Paragraph 9 line 2 “ these are not major context
smugglers, but they generally know that
what they’re doing is illegal.”
57 Shutting down Paragraph 1 Line 1 “United States Change part of
Government officials recently shut down speech
foreign Web-sites involved in the fast-
growing business…”
58 raids Para.2, line 5 “American and Thai officials Change part of
say they raided officers and warehouses speech
used……” (the verb raided is matches with
the second version as a noun ) “They have
carried out raids on a number of offices and
warehouse.”
59 *offices Para. 2, line 5 “American and Thai officials Context
say they raided officers and warehouses used
60 *warehouse by online pharmacies……”

*either order The words officers and warehouses can be

used directly in the second version.
61 seized // took // Para. 2 line 8 “ They seized 20 computers, Context
245parcels ready for shipment to the united
confiscated // found States……” The word “seize” suit to the
second version.
62 doses Para.2 line8 “They seize 20 computers, Context
245parcels ready for shipment to the united
States and more than 2.5 million doses of
 drug products.”
The word “doses” suit the second version.
63 target Para.7 line 1 “One of the main targets of the Context
Thai raids was a Bangkok company called
Vitality Health Products……” It states that and
one of the main targets of the Thai raids was
Vitality so the word “targets” suits the
second version. As an article “A” is used in Agreement
the second version, a singular word must be
used.
64 to get // purchase // Para.7, line 1 “Customs officials say Vitality Context
filled Internet orders with drugs which they
obtain // source // obtained from what appeared to be a
legitimate pharmacy in Bangkok.” Vitality
buy // order take orders from the Internet. In version 2,
“to” followed by appeared as a infinitive and
“order” go with drugs. The answer should be
“ to order”.

65 packaging Para. 8, line 9 “ This packaging is without a Inference

doubt intended to deceive the authorities.
“Packaging” is designed to avoid detection
by law-enforcement officials. It matches
with the second version.
66 supervision // Para 9. 10 “some of Vitality’s customers Context
guidance // advice were taking dangerous combinations of
drugs without a doctor’s supervision. The
word “supervision” can be used directly in
the second version as a noun.
67 quality control // Para 9. line 4 “Mr. Kelly explained that the Inference
assurance imported drugs were potentially dangerous
because the controls over quality were
and
minimal.

There, the combine noun, ”quality control” Part of speech

should be used.

68 contaminated // Para. 9, line 8 “ The drugs may be laced with Inference

tainted all sorts of contamination.” Line 11”
customers were taking dangerous
combination of drugs without a doctor’s
supervision.” This two sentences state,
without the supervision of doctor, the drugs
may be dangerous when the drugs are
 contamination.

UE 2001 Section C 69-80

Q A Explanations Skills tested

69 C “Nine entry position available” are “ open to Reference
graduates” It means graduates can apply these
nine positions 　
70 E Apart from testing toys in Column A, “the Extension
remainder work” in column B involves checking
consumer products.
71 H Column B is an extension of Column A. Extension
"Toys being recalled because of the results
checked by labs like ACTS.
72 I “However” in column B shows a contrast Contrast
between the sentence preceding it and after it.
73 K “These” in column B relates to “Chemical Extension/
analyses of food, health and beauty-care reference
products” in column A.
74 M checking new toys will prevent a hazard to a Extension
youngsters.
75 L “It is really a scientific process” shows a Contrast
contrast with “Sound like a lot of fun” in column
A.
76 G “Graduate chemistry trainees” in column A Extension
refers to “degree holder in chemical technology”
in column B.
77 J ‘The successful applicant” in column B need to Extension
“carry out daily sample preparation” in column
A. e.g. data review and writing reports.
78 A “Do you enjoy” in column A refers to “looking to Extension
hire you”. It means that if you enjoy burning,
bashing, twisting to destroy products, the ACTS
is willing to hire you
79 B “Further requirement” shows column B is the Extension
extension of column A. The basic requirement is
mechanically-mind individuals (column A) . The
additional requirement is “good problem-solving
abilities.” (column B)
80 F “Engineering graduates” in column A refers to Extension
“degree holders in either mechanical or
manufacturing engineering” in column B.
UE 2001 Section C 81-98

Q Answer Skills tested

8 Replace “price” with “priced”. The use of Past participle
1 the past participle to modify the preceeding
noun “model”.
8 Replace “had” with “was”. “The deal was Parallelism
2 made” was stated and the word “and linked
them, so it is not necessary to use the word
“was” instead of “had”
8 Replace “the” with “a”. This is the first time, Article(Infinite)
3 mentioning “a noun phrase”
8 Between “times” and “expensive” add Comparison
4 “more” to form a comparative
8 Between “intend” and “buy” add “to”. After To infinitive
5 the word “intended” use an infinitive to
express a purpose
8 Correct
6
8 Correct
7
8 Replace “similar” with “same”. The word Context
8 “exact ” implies “same”
8 Delete the word “back”. The word Common expression
9 “returned” has the sense of back already
9 Replace “are” with “do” to form simple Simple present,
0 present tense, negative. negative
Add “was” between “I” and “upset”. ‘I upset Structure
9 not only because I was overcharged more (Subject+verb+adj)
1 than $4000’ is an incorrect sentence with
present active, passive voice should be
used.
Replace “are” with “is”. A singular form Plurality
9 should be used because “money” is agreement
2 uncountable and singular.
Replace “sales” with “salespeople” Context
9 “Unscrupulous” is adjectives to describe
3 the behavior of person, not describe an
item. So, salespeople should be used.
Cross out “of” “Lack” is a verb in the Preposition
9 sentence, there is no preposition after it. “Of
4 “ is redundant.
Cross out “ am”. ‘I am told this is a common Structure(subject+ver
9 practice in Hong Kong’ is a correct sentence b)
5 with present active. Passive voice should
 not be used.
9 Correct
6
Cross out “ be”. A verb should be followed Modal verb and tense
9 immediately after “ should”.‘ I also think
7 that the government should require
stores…” is a correct sentence with active
voice.
Add “of” between “days” and “purchase”. Preposition
9 Preposition should be added between two
8 nouns.