1.

Which of the following best describes the

Platonic view of vision and the world?
AS A REFLECTION were only capable of
sampling small subsection

2. Which of the following is the alternative view
which is illustrated in the writing of
Friedrich Nietzsche?
VIEW AS CONSTRUCTION
THE APPARENT AND TRUE WORLD MEANS THE
WORLD AND NOTHING

3. The world that we visually sense is entirely
dependent upon
INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE

4. Excitation refers to.
AN ACT OF IRRITATION OR
STIMULATION/RESPONDING TO STIMULUS

5. Sensation refers to.
SENSING OUR ENVIRONMENT THRU OUR 5
SENSES

6. At what stage in the visual pathway is an
action potential first generated?
IN THE GANGLION CELLS OF THE RETINA

7. What do L,M and S denote when applied to
cones?
LONG, MEDIUM, SHORT WAVELENGTHS

8. What reason may you have for expecting
the photoreceptors to be physically anchored
on the retina despite the observation that this
means that there is neural matter
between the light source and the
photoreceptor?
THE PRESENCE OF A BLIND SPOT DUE TO
CONVERGING NEURAL MATERIAL IN FRON OF
RETINA ALLOWS PHOTORECEP RECEIVE
BLOOD/NUTRIENTS PREVENTS LIGHT FROM
BEING REFLECTED

9. A colour space is
A mATHEMATICAL MODEL DESCRIBING THE
WAY COLOUR CAN BE REPRESENTED AS
TUPLES OF NUMBERS.

10. Orthogonality in the vector representation
of signal-coding confers which of the
following properties upon that stage of the
system?
ORTHOG.. A PROPERTY ALLOWS OVERLAPPING
STIMULUS CODING /LOCATION/QUALITY

11.Which statement best describes a receptive
field?
REGION IN WHICH PRESENCE OF STIMULUS
WILL ALTER FIRING OF THAT NEURON
(GANGLION CELL)

12.What is the most likely format of the first
spatially structured (or differentiated)
receptive
fields in the visual system?
CENTRE SURROUND ORGANISATION
RECEPTIVE FIELD WITH ON- RECEPTORS IN
THE MIDDLE AND OFF-RECEPTERS IN THE
PERIPHERY

13.The receptive field arrangement referred to
in Question 12 confers what properties to
the system?
ALLOWS THE SYSTEM TO DETECT CHANGE
EASILY

14.The term opponency refers to..
More efficient for the visual system to record
differences between the responses of cones,
rather than each type of cones responses.
NOT SEEN GREENISH RED BUT ONLY RED

15.Why, when considering the processing of
the neural signal, is the actual physical
location of any visual neurone other than the
photoreceptors, arbitrary?
All receptive fields in the visual system have
some relationship to the same x, y, t space
that constitutes the axes of the visual input

16.Why, however, is the relative location of
any sensory neurone potentially important?
IMAGERY WE PERCEIVE IS FIRST DECTED BY
PHOTORECEPTORS

17.What is meant by the term retinotopic
mapping?
2 neuron that receive input from adjacent
group of photoreceptors will be adjacent in
cortex xy map of retina early in visual
system is maintained throughout

18.What is meant by tonotopic mapping?
THE SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT WHERE SOUNDS
OF DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES ARE PROCESSED
BY THE BRAIN



19.The term phase-coherence refers to the
hypothesis that..
AN EDGE OR BORDER IS SIGNALED
CONSISTNTLY ACROSS ALL SCALES OF
ANALYSIS

20.The idea of modularity in visual processing
refers to
More efficient to analyse input in modules in
parallel than it is to do it serially.

21.What reason may you have for questioning
the assumption that the LGN is just a relay
station for signals traveling from the retina to
the cortex?
There are more connections carrying signals
from the cortex back to the LGN than from the
LGN to the cortex

22. Taken as a population, primary visual
cortical (v1) neurones have what critical
property?
Receptive fields are selective rudimentary
properties of colour, motion, depth and form.
From here, information is transmitted to visual
corticals that are more specialized.

23. An example of context-dependency in
vision is......
MATCHSTICKS LINING THE INSIDE OF A
GLASS

24. What is red?
Red is a colour that is subjective and its
perception varies depending on the experience
of each individual. The world we perceive is a
construct of the operation of the system and
hence red to me would be a different
hue/shade to someone else just because of the
perceptions and associations we form to the
colour.


25. An attentionally-controlled motion system
may.
ALLOW ISOLATION OF PARTICULAR ASPECT
OF MOTION (TURN HEADS)

26.The visual system appears to dissociate
motion-signals elicited by eye-movements or
from retinal motion by.....
The visual cortex distinguishes between the
action motion and the movement of the eye as
the cells that signal the movement are
incorporated into the signal detection

27. The spatial structure of natural textures is
consistent with the properties of the system
because
IT HAS TINY RECEPTIVE FIELDS SENSITIVE TO
TINY FRAGMENTS OF TEXTURE

28. Place theory in hearing refers to..
The physical location of stimulation on the
basilar membrane signals the frequency of
stimulation but in the form of a travelling wave

29. Frequency theory in hearing refers to..
The physical location of stimulation on the
basilar membrane signals the frequency of
stimulation but in the form of a travelling wave

30. Adaptation refers to...
REDUCED SENSITIVTY TO STIMULATION AS A
RESULT OF REPEATED EXPOSURE TO
STIMULUS

31. What is meant by the term parallel
processing...
THE ABILITY OF BRAIN TO DO THINGS
SIMULTANEOUSLY

32. The terms M and P in the context of the
visual system refer to....
magnoxellular[transient
resposes]/parvocellular[colour] (retinal
ganglion cells)

33. A form of parallel processing in the
auditory system is implemented in the cochlear
nucleus by.
THE DIFFERENCE OF AUDITORY SIGNALS
RECEIVED

34. Information is...
THE PERCEPTION THAT OUR SENSORY
ORGANS CREATE OF THE OUTSIDE WORLD

35. A vector is...
A QUANTITY HAVING DIRECTION AND
MAGNITUDE

36. One critical similarity between the visual
and auditory systems is ..
- PERCEIVE SPEED AND DIRECTION
INTERATE TO COORDINATE ATTENTION
RECEIVE INFO FROM OUTSIDE WORLD

37. One critical difference between visual and
auditory systems is..
AUDITORY: RECEPTIVE FIELD NOT CONFINED
TO PARTICULAR REGIONS OF SENSORY
EPITHELIUM

38.Which two structures or processes exploit
the properties of orthogonality in their
operation?
SEMICIRCULAR CANAL; MOTION DETECTION

39. What aspect of the relationship between
the stimulus and the cortical representation is
different between vision and audition


40. The theoretical hierarchy established by
David Marr is
It is more effiecient to analyse a complex
imput parallel in term of its fundamental
modules than in serial

41. Retino-cortical expansion refers to.....
THERE ARE MORE CORTICAL NEURONS
DEDICATED TO FIGURE WHATS GOING ON IN
THE VISUAL FIELD

42. The two most likely kinds of motion
detector in the human visual system are
called.
Correlation or Reichardt or Hassenstein-
Reichardt or Elaborate Reichardt detectors
Gradient-Type motion detectors

43. The three critical dimensions of vision are
X, Y, T

44. The term Biological motion describes..
THE UNIQUE VISUAL PHENOMENON OF A
MOVING ANIMATE OBJECT

45. Interaction between V1 orientation-
selective receptive fields follows what laws?
ALIGNED V1 RECEP CELLS POSITIVELY
INTERACT; ORTHOGONAL (PP) V2 CELLS
NEGATIVELY INT

46. The visual system is sensitive to
LIGHT, COLOUR, WHAT WE SEE OUTSIDE

47.What critical neural interaction is affected
by, among other things, hallucinogenic
drugs?
SEROTONIN RECEPTORS = COMPLEX PATTERN
OF ACTION POTENTIALS/ACTIVITY

48. Your experience of reality is..
SUBJECTIVE

49. Synaesthesia is.
A CONDITION: ONE TYPE OF SENSORY
STIMULATION CREATES PERCEPTION IN
ANOTHER SENSE

50. One fish, two fish,.
RED FISH BLUE FISH