UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE

DEPARTAMENTO DE MATEM

ATICA
DISCIPLINA:

Algebra Linear I - Turmas 05 e 10 2013.1
PROFESSOR: Paulo de Souza Rabelo
Primeira Lista de Exerccios
1. Resolva os seguintes sistemas:
(a)

x + y + z + w = 6
2x + 3y w = 0
3x + 4y + z + 2w = 4
x + 2y z + w = 0
(b)

x
1
+ 3x
4
= 4
2x
2
x
3
x
4
= 0
3x
2
2x
4
= 1
2x
1
x
2
+ 4x
3
= 5
(c)

4x + 3y + 17z = 0
5x + 4y + 22z = 0
4x + 2y + 19z = 0
(d)

3x + 3y + 12z = 6
x + y + 4z = 2
2x + 5y + 20z = 10
x + 2y + 8z = 4
2. Determine quando cada arma cao e verdadeira ou falsa. Justique suas respostas.
(a) Um sistema de duas equacoes lineares em tres variaveis e sempre consistente.
(b) Um sistema linear pode ter exatamente duas solucoes.
(c) Um sistema homogeneo de quatro equacoes lineares e seis variaveis tem innitas
solucoes.
(d) Sequencias diferentes de opera coes linhas podem levar a diferentes formas escalonada
para a mesma matriz.
(e) Sequencias diferentes de operacoes linhas podem levar a formas diferentes escalonada-
reduzida para a mesma matriz.
3. Determine os valores de k tais que o sistema de equa coes lineares nao tem uma unica
solucao.

x + y + kz = 3
x + ky + z = 2
kx + y + z = 1
4. Determine a funcao polinomial cujo graco passa atraves dos pontos (1, 3), (0, 0), (1, 1), (4, 58)
e esboce esse graco.
5. A tabela mostra o lucro lquido (em milhoes de dolares) da Microsoft de 2003 a 2010
(Fonte: Microsoft Corp.)
(a) Estabelecer um sistema de equacoes para ajustar os dados para os anos 2003, 2004,
2005 e 2006 para um modelo c ubico.
(b) Resolver o sistema. A solu cao produz um modelo razoavel para determinar o lucro
lquido apos 2006?
1.pdf
32 Chapter 1 Systems of Linear Equations
1.3 Exercises
See www.CalcChat.com for worked-out solutions to odd-numbered exercises.
Polynomial Curve Fitting In Exercises 112, (a) determine
the polynomial function whose graph passes through the
given points, and (b) sketch the graph of the polynomial
function, showing the given points.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. Use and to estimate
14. Use and to estimate
15. Find an equation of the circle passing through the points
and
16. Find an equation of the ellipse passing through the
points and
17. Population The U.S. census lists the population of
the United States as 249 million in 1990, 281 million in
2000, and 309 million in 2010. Fit a second-degree
polynomial passing through these three points and use
it to predict the population in 2020 and in 2030.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau)
18. Population The table shows the U.S. population
figures for the years 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970.
(Source: U.S. Census Bureau)
(a) Find a cubic polynomial that fits these data and use
it to estimate the population in 1980.
(b) The actual population in 1980 was 227 million.
How does your estimate compare?
19. Net Profit The table shows the net profits (in
millions of dollars) for Microsoft from 2003 through
2010. (Source: Microsoft Corp.)
(a) Set up a system of equations to fit the data for the
years 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 to a cubic model.
(b) Solve the system. Does the solution produce a
reasonable model for determining net profits after
2006? Explain.
20. Sales The table shows the sales (in billions of
dollars) for Wal-Mart stores from 2002 through 2009.
(Source: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.)
(a) Set up a system of equations to fit the data for the
years 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 to a quartic
model.
(b) Solve the system. Does the solution produce a
reasonable model for determining sales after 2006?
Explain.
21. Guided Proof Prove that if a polynomial function
is zero for
and then
Getting Started: Write a system of linear equations and
solve the system for and
(i) Substitute and 1 into
(ii) Set the result equal to 0.
(iii) Solve the resulting system of linear equations in
the variables and a
2
. a
0
, a
1
,
px. x 1, 0,
a
2
. a
1
, a
0
,
a
0
a
1
a
2
0. x 1,
x 0, x 1, a
0
a
1
x a
2
x
2
px
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sales 345.0 374.5 401.2 405.0
Year 2002 2003 2004 2005
Sales 244.5 256.3 285.2 312.4
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010
Net Profit 14,065 17,681 14,569 18,760
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006
Net Profit 10,526 11,330 12,715 12,599
Year 1940 1950 1960 1970
Population
(in millions)
132 151 179 203
3, 0. 5, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1,
4, 2. 1, 3, 2, 6,
log
2
3.
log
2
4 2 log
2
1 0, log
2
2 1,
sin

.
sin 0 sin

1, sin 0 0,
1, 1, 1.189, 1.587, 1.316, 2.080, 1.414, 2.520
0.072, 0.203, 0.120, 0.238, 0.148, 0.284
2005, 150, 2006, 180, 2007, 240, 2008, 360
2006, 5, 2007, 7, 2008, 12
4, 18, 0, 1, 4, 0, 6, 28, 8, 135
2, 28, 1, 0, 0, 6, 1, 8, 2, 0
0, 42, 1, 0, 2, 40, 3, 72
1, 3, 0, 0, 1, 1, 4, 58
2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4
2, 4, 3, 6, 5, 10
0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 0
2, 5, 3, 2, 4, 5
9781133110873_0103.qxp 10/27/11 9:15 AM Page 32
6. A gura mostra o uxo de trafego (veculos por hora) atraves de uma rede de ruas.
2.pdf
1.3 Exercises 33
22. Generalizing the statement in Exercise 21, if a
polynomial function
is zero for more than -values, then
Use this result to prove that there is at most one
polynomial function of degree (or less) whose
graph passes through points in the plane with distinct
-coordinates.
23. Calculus The graph of a cubic polynomial function
has horizontal tangents at and Find an
equation for the cubic and sketch its graph.
24. Calculus The graph of a parabola passes through
the points and and has a horizontal tangent
at Find an equation for the parabola and sketch
its graph.
25. (a) The graph of a function passes through the points
and Find a quadratic function
whose graph passes through these points.
(b) Find a polynomial function of degree 2 or less that
passes through the points and
Then sketch the graph of and compare
this graph with the graph of the polynomial
function found in part (a).
26. Writing Try to fit the graph of a polynomial function
to the values shown in the table. What happens, and
why?
27. Network Analysis Water is flowing through a
network of pipes (in thousands of cubic meters per
hour), as shown in the figure.
(a) Solve this system for the water flow represented by
(b) Find the water flow when
(c) Find the water flow when and
28. Network Analysis The figure shows the flow of traffic
(in vehicles per hour) through a network of streets.
(a) Solve this system for
(b) Find the traffic flow when and
(c) Find the traffic flow when and
29. Network Analysis The figure shows the flow of traffic
(in vehicles per hour) through a network of streets.
(a) Solve this system for
(b) Find the traffic flow when
(c) Find the traffic flow when
30. Network Analysis The figure shows the flow of traffic
through a network of streets.
(a) Solve this system for
(b) Find the traffic flow when and
(c) Find the traffic flow when x
3
x
5
100.
x
5
100. x
3
0
i 1, 2, . . . , 5. x
i
,
400
300
600
100
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5
x
1
x
4
100.
x
4
0.
i 1, 2, 3, 4. x
i
,
200
100 100
x
2
x
1
x
4
x
3
200
x
3
0. x
2
150
x
3
50. x
2
200
i 1, 2, . . . , 5. x
i
,
300
200
150
350
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5
x
1
x
6
0.
x
5
1000
x
6
x
7
0.
i 1, 2, . . . , 7. x
i
,
600
600
500
500
x
7
x
6
x
3
x
4
x
5
x
1
x
2
x 1 2 3 3 4
y 1 1 2 3 4
y 1px
4, 5. 2, 3, 0, 1,
p
4,
1
5
. 2,
1
3
, 0, 1,
f

1
2
,
1
2
.

1
2
,
1
2
0, 1
1, 2. 1, 2
x
n
n 1
a
n1
0. a
0
a
1

. . .
x n 1
px a
0
a
1
x
. . .
a
n1
x
n1
9781133110873_0103.qxp 10/27/11 9:15 AM Page 33
(a) Resolva o sistema para x
i
, onde i = 1, 2, , 5.
(b) Encontre o uxo de trafego quando x
2
= 200 e x
3
= 50.
(c) Encontre o uxo de trafego quando x
2
= 150 e x
3
= 0.
7. Determine as correntes I
1
, I
2
e I
3
para o circuito eletrico mostrado na gura. Como o
resultado e afetado quando A e mudado para 2 volts e B e mudado para 6 volts?
3.pdf
34 Chapter 1 Systems of Linear Equations
31. Network Analysis Determine the currents and
for the electrical network shown in the figure.
32. Network Analysis Determine the currents
and for the electrical network shown in
the figure.
33. Network Analysis
(a) Determine the currents and for the
electrical network shown in the figure.
(b) How is the result affected when is changed to
2 volts and is changed to 6 volts?
Temperature In Exercises 35 and 36, the figure shows
the boundary temperatures (in degrees Celsius) of an
insulated thin metal plate. The steady-state temperature
at an interior junction is approximately equal to the mean
of the temperatures at the four surrounding junctions.
Use a system of linear equations to approximate the
interior temperatures and
35.
36.
Partial Fraction Decomposition In Exercises 37 and
38, use a system of equations to write the partial fraction
decomposition of the rational expression. Then solve the
system using matrices.
37.
38.
Calculus In Exercises 39 and 40, find the values of
and that satisfy the system of equations. Such systems
arise in certain problems of calculus, and is called the
Lagrange multiplier.
39.
40.
2x
2x
2y
y
2

2
1
100
0
0
0
2x
x
2y
y

4
0
0
0

y, x,
3x
2
7x 12
x 4x 4
2

A
x 4

B
x 4

C
x 4
2
4x
2
x 1
2
x 1

A
x 1

B
x 1

C
x 1
2
50 50
25
25
25
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
25
0 0
60 60
50
50
20
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
20
10 10
T
4
. T
1
, T
2
, T
3
,
I
1
I
2
I
3
R
1
= 1
R
2
= 2
R
3
= 4
B: 8 V
A: 5 V

B
A
I
3
I
2
, I
1
,
25 V
8 V
R
1
= 3
R
2
= 2
R
3
= 4
R
4
= 2
R
5
= 1
R
6
= 1
I
2
I
5
I
3
I
4
I
6
I
1 14 V

I
6
I
5
, I
4
, I
3
,
I
2
, I
1
,
I
1
I
2
I
3
R
1
= 4
R
2
= 3
R
3
= 1
4 V
3 V

I
3
I
2
, I
1
,
34.
(a) Explain how to use systems of linear equations for
polynomial curve fitting.
(b) Explain how to use systems of linear equations to
perform network analysis.
9781133110873_0103.qxp 10/27/11 9:15 AM Page 34
8. A gura abaixo mostra as temperaturas na fronteira de uma placa de metal isolada. A tem-
peratura em cada jun cao e aproximadamente igual a media das temperaturas nas quatro
jun coes adjacentes. Use um sistema de equacoes lineares para aproximar as temperaturas
interiores T
1
, T
2
, T
3
e T
4
.
2
4.pdf
34 Chapter 1 Systems of Linear Equations
31. Network Analysis Determine the currents and
for the electrical network shown in the figure.
32. Network Analysis Determine the currents
and for the electrical network shown in
the figure.
33. Network Analysis
(a) Determine the currents and for the
electrical network shown in the figure.
(b) How is the result affected when is changed to
2 volts and is changed to 6 volts?
Temperature In Exercises 35 and 36, the figure shows
the boundary temperatures (in degrees Celsius) of an
insulated thin metal plate. The steady-state temperature
at an interior junction is approximately equal to the mean
of the temperatures at the four surrounding junctions.
Use a system of linear equations to approximate the
interior temperatures and
35.
36.
Partial Fraction Decomposition In Exercises 37 and
38, use a system of equations to write the partial fraction
decomposition of the rational expression. Then solve the
system using matrices.
37.
38.
Calculus In Exercises 39 and 40, find the values of
and that satisfy the system of equations. Such systems
arise in certain problems of calculus, and is called the
Lagrange multiplier.
39.
40.
2x
2x
2y
y
2

2
1
100
0
0
0
2x
x
2y
y

4
0
0
0

y, x,
3x
2
7x 12
x 4x 4
2

A
x 4

B
x 4

C
x 4
2
4x
2
x 1
2
x 1

A
x 1

B
x 1

C
x 1
2
50 50
25
25
25
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
25
0 0
60 60
50
50
20
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
20
10 10
T
4
. T
1
, T
2
, T
3
,
I
1
I
2
I
3
R
1
= 1
R
2
= 2
R
3
= 4
B: 8 V
A: 5 V

B
A
I
3
I
2
, I
1
,
25 V
8 V
R
1
= 3
R
2
= 2
R
3
= 4
R
4
= 2
R
5
= 1
R
6
= 1
I
2
I
5
I
3
I
4
I
6
I
1 14 V

I
6
I
5
, I
4
, I
3
,
I
2
, I
1
,
I
1
I
2
I
3
R
1
= 4
R
2
= 3
R
3
= 1
4 V
3 V

I
3
I
2
, I
1
,
34.
(a) Explain how to use systems of linear equations for
polynomial curve fitting.
(b) Explain how to use systems of linear equations to
perform network analysis.
9781133110873_0103.qxp 10/27/11 9:15 AM Page 34
9. Fa ca o balanceamento da seguinte equacao qumica: dioxido de manganes combinado com
acido clordrico formam cloreto de manganes, aqua e gas clordrico, conforme equa cao
MnO
2
+ HCl MnCl
2
+ H
2
O + Cl
2
.
10. Quatro vizinhos, cada um com um jardim de vegetais, concordam em compartilhar seus
produtos. Um colhe feijao (B), outro alface (L), outro tomate (T) e outro aboboras (Z).
A tabela abaixo mostra qual fra cao de cada cultivo recebera cada vizinho. Qual preco
deve cobrar os vizinhos por seus cultivos se cada pessoa deve esta em pe de igualdade e o
cultivo de menor preco tem um valor de 50 reais.
5.pdf
total pagado por cada persona sea igual al importe que
recibe. Qu tarifa horaria debe cobrar cada persona si
todas las tarifas son nmeros enteros entre $30 y $60
por hora?
26. Cuatro vecinos, cada uno con un jardn de vegetales,
est de acuerdo en compartir sus productos. Uno cose-
char frijoles (B), otro lechuga (L), otro tomates (T) y
otro calabazas (Z). La tabla 2.9 muestra qu fraccin de
cada cultivo recibir cada vecino. Qu precios deben
cobrar los vecinos por sus cultivos, si cada persona debe
quedar a la par y el cultivo de menor precio tiene un
valor de $50?
tes. Para cada dlar de servicios que producen, cada de-
partamento usa cierta cantidad de servicios producidos
por los otros departamentos y por l mismo, como se
muestra en la tabla 2.10. Suponga que, durante el ao,
otros departamentos de la ciudad requieren $1 milln
en servicios administrativos, $1.2 millones en servicios
de salud y $0.8 millones en servicios de transporte.
Cul debe ser el valor anual en dlares de los servicios
producidos por cada departamento, con la nalidad de
satisfacer las demandas?
27. Suponga que las industrias del carbn y del acero for-
man una economa abierta. Cada $1 producido por la
industria del carbn requiere $0.15 de carbn y $0.20 de
acero. Cada $1 producido por la del acero requiere $0.25
de carbn y $0.10 de acero. Suponga que hay una de-
manda exterior anual por $45 millones de carbn y
$124 millones de acero.
(a) Cunto debe producir cada industria para satisfa-
cer las demandas?
(b) Si la demanda de carbn disminuye en $5 millones
al ao, mientras que la demanda de acero aumenta
en $6 millones al ao, cmo deben ajustar su pro-
duccin las industrias del carbn y del acero?
28. En Ciudad Gtica, los departamentos de Administra-
cin (A), Salud (H) y Transporte (T) son independien-
Seccin 2.4 Aplicaciones 123
Juegos lineales finitos
29. (a) En el ejemplo 2.35, suponga que todas las luces ini-
cialmente estn apagadas. Puede oprimir los inte-
rruptores en algn orden para que slo enciendan la
segunda y cuarta luces?
(b) Puede oprimir los interruptores en algn orden de
modo que slo se encienda la segunda luz?
30. (a) En el ejemplo 2.35, suponga que la cuarta luz ini-
cialmente est encendida y que las otras cuatro luces
estn apagadas. Puede oprimir los interruptores en
algn orden de modo que slo enciendan la se-
gunda y cuarta luces?
(b) Puede oprimir las interruptores en algn orden de
modo que slo se encienda la segunda luz?
31. En el ejemplo 2.35, describa todas las posibles congu-
raciones de luces que pueden obtenerse si comienza con
todas las luces apagadas.
32. (a) En el ejemplo 2.36, suponga que todas las luces ini-
cialmente estn apagadas. Demuestre que es posible
presionar los interruptores en cierto orden de modo
que las luces estn apagadas, azul oscuro y azul
claro, en ese orden.
(b) Demuestre que es posible oprimir los interruptores
en cierto orden de modo que las luces estn azul
claro, apagadas y azul oscuro, en ese orden.
(c) Pruebe que puede lograrse cualquier conguracin
de tres luces.
33. Suponga que las luces del ejemplo 2.35 pueden estar
apagadas, azul claro o azul oscuro, y que los interrupto-
res funcionan como se describe en el ejemplo 2.36. (Esto
Tabla 2.8
Proveedor
Pintor Plomero Electricista
Pintor 2 1 5
Consumidor Plomero 4 5 1
Electricista 4 4 4
Tabla 2.9
Productor
B L T Z
B 0 1/4 1/8 1/6
Cosumidor L 1/2 1/4 1/4 1/6
T 1/4 1/4 1/2 1/3
Z 1/4 1/4 1/8 1/3
Tabla 2.10
Departmento
A H T
A $0.20 0.10 0.20
Compra H 0.10 0.10 0.20
T 0.20 0.40 0.30
poole_ch02b.qxd 31/5/11 02:10 Pgina 123
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