Additives for

Masterbatches and Compounds

2
About Us
Evonik Industries is the creative industrial
group from Germany which operates in
three business areas: Chemicals, Energy
and Real Estate. Evonik is a global leader
in specialty chemicals, an expert in power
generation from hard coal and renewable
energies, and one of the largest private
residential real estate companies in Ger-
many. Our strengths are creativity, spe-
cialization, continuous self-renewal, and
reliability. Evonik is active in over 100
countries around the world.
The Business Line Industrial Specialties of
Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH has its base in all
kinds of organic specialty surfactants and or-
ganomodied siloxanes. We hold strong po-
sitions with antifoams, emulsiers, corrosion
inhibitors, dispersing aids, hydrophobing
and wetting agents, sofeners and radiation
curable release coatings. Our broad product
range, technological background and appli-
cation know-how addresses several indus-
tries like plastics, rubber, label, tape and re-
lease liner manufacturing, construction,
lubricants, agro, textile and tissue industry.
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Multifunctional Additives
for the Plastics Industry
Our technical expertise, market insight and new ideas enable
us to cope with the increasing demands of the plastics industry.
We oer a broad range of additives for various applications
of plastics:
1. OMS based performance additives to improve surface and
bulk properties of polymers like scratch resistance, surface
smoothness or processing parameter.
2. Dispersing additives for pigments and llers
3. Specialty additive TEGO

Sorb
4. Base additives
Anti-fogging additives
Antistatic additives
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1. Organomodied Siloxanes
Performance Additives
Optimized Combinations for Best Performance
Organomodied siloxanes (OMS) are
used during the production of polymeric
materials as processing additives for extru-
sion, injection and blow molding. They
are capable to function as compatible in-
ternal slip and release agents. Additionally,
these specialties can be applied as surface
modifying agents or material property
enhancers by permanent implementation
for thermoplastics and elastomeric poly-
mers. Therefore, they are utilized in wide
spread applications such as in automotive
parts, domestic and consumer goods.
Organomodied siloxanes consist of a
siloxane backbone with attached organic
groups. The organic groups ensure a
permanent functionalization of the poly-
mer without bleeding of the OMS. Dif-
ferent molecular architectures of OMS
derivatives are available. Figure 1 shows
the comb-like as well as the linear struc-
ture of the OMS together with the possi-
ble functional groups.
By varying the density and nature of the
attached organic groups the OMS called
TEGOMER

or TEGOPREN

are tailor
made products to the nal application.
Figure 2 shows the functionalization of
a polymer matrix with OMS. These deri-
vatives can either work for bulk modi-
cation (case A) or for surface modica-
tion (case B).
Figure 1: Structures of organomodied siloxanes Figure 2: Anchorage of an OMS by organic side chains
comb-like
linear
Methylgroup
Silicon
Oxygen
Organic Substituents
Alkyl
Epoxide
Hydroxy
Amino
Carboxyl
Acrylate
Polymer
OMS
A B
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Benets of OMS as Plastic Additive
OMS inuence and improve the produc-
tion process of a plastic product as well
as the properties of the nal product.
Table 1 summarizes the benets of OMS
with regard to the processing, the modi-
cation of the surface and the properties
of the nal plastic product.
Rheology of polymer melt
Improved mold ll operation
Suppression of melt fracture
Improved mold release
Increased productivity
Lubrication
Higher ller content
Improved scratch resistance
Suppression of shark skin
Lowered surface roughness
Improved chemical resistance
Improved water resistance
Improved impact strengh
Reduced brittleness
Higher plasticity
Higher elongation
Enhanced ame resistance
Improved low temperature stability
Improved heat distortion temperature
Processing
Surface
modication
Material property
enhancer
7
Examples for the Benets
of OMS Additives
Eect on Scratch Resistance
Scratch and mar resistance are important
issues for automotive application, domes-
tic appliance and the furniture industry.
They can be evaluated by dierent meth-
ods mainly developed by the automotive
industry. Figure 3 shows the eect of the
organomodied siloxane TEGOMER

AntiScratch 100 with 2 % addition evalu-
ated by Erichson methods (GM 10640) in
a PP talc compound. In this case, the
damage of the surface measured as Delta
L* value (change of brightness value of
scratched to the none-scratched plate)
will be reduced signicantly.
Eect on Melt Flow Index (MFI)
The positive inuence of OMS additives
on the viscosity can be shown by MFI de-
termination as well as by melt ow path
evaluation. Our technical department is
equipped with an injection moulding tool
to determine the inuence on melt ow
behavior. For example the addition of
2 % TEGOMER

H-Si 6440 P to a PBT

compound leads to an improvement of
25 % of the melt ow length (Figure 4).
Eect on Flame Resistance
Flame resistance is an issue of high consi-
deration for a variety of new compound de-
velopments used in cable jacketing materi-
als for building and transportation as well
as for electronics. OMS additives improve
in halogen free ame retardant EVA com-
pounds die drol and throughput. Addition-
ally it allows llings up to 65 % of ATH or
MDH nally resulting in highest ame
resistance. Figure 5 illustrates the eect of
2 % additive of TEGOMER V-SI 4042
regarding good dispersion of untreated
ATH with smooth printable surfaces.
Figure 4: Improvement of melt ow path by TEGOMER

H-Si 6440 P
Melt ow path (cm) Standard PBT without OMS 2 % TEGOMER

H-Si 6440 P in PBT

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
0
Figure 3: Improvement of scratch resistance by using OMS derivatives
lef: Pure compound; right: 2 % TEGOMER

AntiScratch 100 applied to the compound

Bildunterschrif
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In-house Evaluation Technologies for OMS Modied Plastics
Evaluated property Test method/equipment
Scratch and mar resistance
Erichsen Scratch tester, e. g. GM 10640,
Five Finger Scratch test, Crockmaster
MFI properties and viscosity
Melt ow path, Melt ow index by DIN 1133 or ASTM D 1238,
Anton Paar viscosimeter up to 400 C
Flame retardence UK94 evaluation, low oxygene index
Impact test
Notched impact test
Izod and Charpy method at room temperature
and at low temperature between -20 C and -40 C
Tensile strength, elongation Zwick machine
Shark skin Blow lm line from Brabender
COF modication e. g. DIN EN ISO 8295
Gloss and color evaluation Datacolor, e.g. DIN EN ISO 2813 and 5033
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2. Dispersing Additives for Pigments and Fillers
Evonik Goldschmidt oers under the
trade name TEGOMER

and TEGOPREN

dispersing agents for llers and pigments.
They are invaluable in achieving the opti-
mized distribution of llers or inorganic
pigments in compounds as well as the dis-
persion of organic pigments in color con-
centrates like masterbatches and liquid
pastes.
As a result of their polar surfaces most orga-
nic pigments are not compatible in non-po-
lar or less polar matrices, e. g. PE, PP, PA,
PET etc. Such particles tend to form agglo-
merates that are big enough to inuence
the overall performance of the nal poly-
mer or the masterbatch formulation. This
behavior causes some undesired eects.
Dispersing additives help to cover the
newly formed surface of the aggregates
and primary particles during the dis-
persing process. Aggregates which are
covered with the dispersing additive
cannot agglomerate anymore. Moreover,
they become compatible to the matrix
by the polymer chains attached to the dis-
persing additive (Figure 6).
Our products are essential ingredients to:
Improve development of color
Prevent clogging of lter sieves
Avoid blocking of spinning nozzles
Manufacture bres without
capillary fractures
Reduce speck formation within lms
or thin walled parts
Increase productivity or to reduce
maintenance eorts
Avoid bleeding of pigments
Stabilizing with Know-how
Figure 6: Break of agglomerates for development of color intensity
Agglomerates
Aggregates TEGOMER

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Benets of our Products
in dierent Dispersing Applications
Improvement of color strength
Application in polyolenes and engineering plastics
Easy processable masterbatches
Higher pigment loading
Easy processing without bleeding
Reduced lter pressure index
High ller or pigment loading
Easy dispersing process
Easy processing of masterbatches
No restrictions in nal application (e. g. sealing, printing)
Higher bulk density
High pigment loading
Improved color strength in compounds
Low viscosities of pastes
Coloration
of Masterbatches
Pigment & Filler
Treatment
Liquid Pastes
for Coloration
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Our customers can expect technical ad-
vice due to the large number of trials car-
ried out in our laboratories using dier-
ent pigments and polymers for the
manufacture of masterbatches. Guiding
formulations allow customers an easy
start together with our knowledge re-
garding the resulting rheology eects.
As an example the eect of 10 %
TEGOMER

P 121 in a PA masterbatch
with pigment Green 7 is shown in Figure
7. By using the additive TEGOMER

P 121
the color strength is increased by 54 %
and the pressure is reduced dramatically
from 6.9 to 0.6 bar/g. That allows even
the use for bre and lm application.
In-house Evaluation Technologies
for Dispersants
Dispersing and wetting of pigments are
core competences of Evonik Goldschmidt.
Our laboratories are able to perform a
multitude of test methods which are
important standards of the industry.
We have the following test methods in-
house available.
Figure 7: Increased color strength and reduced pressure
by TEGOMER

P 121
Color
strenght
[%] 0 % 10 %
Pressure
index
[bar/g] 0 % 10 %
160 8
150 7
140 6
130 5
120 4
110 3
100 2
90 1
80 0
100
154
6.9
0.6
Evaluated property Test method/equipment
Color strength Full shade and tinted systems with Datacolor equipment
Speck evaluation Microscopic evaluation on 50 micrometer plates or on lm samples
Pressure index Brabender equipment, e. g. DIN EN 13900-5
Polymer rheology Melt ow index determination or Anton Par Viscosimeter
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In addition to OMS based performance
additives and dispersing additives
we oer a specialty additive for odor
absorption.
Odor absorbers oer the solution to avoid
undesired odors in polymer applications.
The excellent odor absorbing properties
of TEGO

Sorb enables the eective con-

trol of odors envolving from pigments,
polymers, compounds or masterbatches.
Typical odor creating substances are hy-
drogen sulphide, mercaptane, amines and
others which will be covered by TEGO

Sorb. Also the odor absorbers prevent the
emission from recycling polymers, ultra-
marineblue pigment masterbatches, TPEs,
PA and others.
For the automotive industry in particular
the application of our products is of main
importance since it eectively provides
a way to manage the odor in the interior
of the car.
The lm industry and manufacturers
of caps for bottles are the end users with
critical organoleptic requests where
TEGO

Sorb helps to meet those require-

ments.
Giving the World a Clean Smelling Back
3. Specialty Additive TEGO Sorb
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Chemically TEGO

Sorb is a zinc-ricin-
oleate whereby the central metal zinc ion
is capable to bind malodor causing com-
ponents. Figure 8 shows the chemical
structure of TEGO

Sorb as well as a
computer model of the molecule.
TEGO

Sorb is compatible to polyolenes

and technical polymers. A concentration
between 0.5 and 2.0 % is sucient to re-
duce the malodor signicantly. As an ex-
ample the reduced emission of sulphur
compounds from recycled Polyamide 6 is
shown in Figure 9.
Test setup
Polymer: Recycled Polyamide 6
Odor absorber: 1 % TEGO

Sorb
Measurement: VOC thermo desorption
(VDA-Norm 278)
The benets of TEGO

Sorb can be
identied in the following manu-
facturing steps:
during production to guarantee an
environment free of malodor
for the odor of the nal product
especially to eliminate malodor of
recycling materials
Figure 8: Molecular structure of TEGO

Sorb
Figure 9: Reduction of hydrogen
sulde and mercapto methane by
TEGO

Sorb
Relative
GC units
No
additives
1 %
TEGO

Sorb
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
MeSH H
2
S
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4. Base Additives
Antifogging Additives
Fogging results from the condensation of
water as small discrete droplets on the
surface of transparent plastic lms. They
can be avoided by the use of those anti-
fogging additives. In greenhouses the wa-
ter droplets can act like small lenses and
damage plants leaves. In food packaging
droplet formation leads to unfavourable
appearance and may cause food spoilage.
TEGO

antifogging additives act as sur-

face active or wetting agents and prevent
the formation of discrete water droplets
by building a continuous water lm.
Antistatic Agents
Antistatic agents oer a solution against
negative eects related to electrostatic
charges like attraction of dust on plastic
part surfaces or static discharge.
TEGIN

antistatic agents can be incorpo-

rated in the nal production step of basic
polymers or in masterbatches and com-
pounds. They migrate to the surface of
the polymer lm or part. In combination
with atmospheric humidity a conductive
lm is formed on the surface of the
polymer, which is necessary to dissipate
the charge.
Still necessary for Making Plastics Working
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Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
Goldschmidtstrae 100
45127 Essen
Germany
P.O. Box, 45116 Essen
+49 201 173-2786
+49 201 173-1989
www.evonik.com/plastic-additives
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For more detailed information or to obtain
a brochure which addresses a specic
area of interest, please contact the Evonik
Goldschmidt Head Oce in Essen or
contact your local representative.
This information and all further technical
advice is based on our present knowledge
and experience. However, it implies no
liability or other legal responsibility on our
part, including with regard to existing
third party intellectual property rights,
especially patent rights. In particular, no
warranty, whether express or implied, or
guarantee of product properties in the
legal sense is intended or implied. We
reserve the right to make any changes
according to technological progress or
further developments. The customer is not
released from the obligation to conduct
careful inspection and testing of incoming
goods. Performance of the product descri-
bed herein should be veried by testing,
which should be carried out only by quali-
ed experts in the sole responsibility of a
customer. Reference to trade names used
by other companies is neither a recom-
mendation, nor does it imply that similar
products could not be used. (April 2008)
ASIA
CHINA
Evonik Degussa (China) Co, Ltd.
55, Chundong Road
Xinzhuang Industrie Park
Shanghai, 201108
+86 21 6119-1125
+86 21 6119-1406
JAPAN
Evonik Degussa Japan Co., Ltd.
Shinjuku Monolith 12F
2-3-1, Nishi-Shinjuku
Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo 163-0938
+81 3 5323-7441
+81 3 5323-7444
SOUTH KOREA
Evonik Degussa Korea Ltd. (Seoul Oce)
8th oor Bookuk Bldg.
34-2 Yeouido-dong, Youngdeungpo-ku
Seoul
+82 2 2071 2300
+82 2 7855 247
INDIA
Evonik Degussa India Pvt. Ltd.
Krislon House, Opp. Marwah Center
Saki Naka, Andheri (E),
Saki Vihar Road
Mumbai 400072
+91 226 6 3070-70
+91 226 6 3070-71
SOUTH EAST ASIA
Evonik Degussa (SEA) Pte. Ltd.
3, International Business Park
Nordic European Centre # 07-18
Singapore 609927
+65 6 890-6054
+65 6 890-6058
TAIWAN
Evonik Degussa Taiwan Ltd.
9 F, 133 Min Sheng East Rd.
Sec. 3
Taipei
+886 2271 712-42
+886 2271 721-06
EUROPE
AUSTRIA/POLAND
Evonik Degussa International AG
Post Oce Box 130
1053 Vienna
+43 1 966-6352
+43 1 966-6407
ITALY
Evonik Goldschmidt Italia S.r.l.
Via Falconera, 7
26025 Pandino (Cr)
+39 3470141425
UNITED KINGDOM
Evonik Goldschmidt UK Ltd.
Tego House
Chippenham Drive, Kingston
Milton Keynes MK10 0AF
+44 1908 2895-42
+44 1908 5830-21
BENELUX
Evonik Degussa International AG
Goldschmidtstrae 100
45127 Essen
+32 54 33 44 85
+32 54 33 08 54
RUSSIA
OOO Evonik Chimia
109028, Moscow
Zemlayanoy Val Str., 50A/8
+7 495 721-2862
+7 495 721-2852
EASTERN EUROPE
Evonik Degussa Praha s.r.o.
BB Centrum Building Beta
Vyskoilova 1481/4
141 00 Praha 4 - Michle
+420 241 086-118
+420 241 086-518
SPAIN
Evonik Degussa Ibrica S.A.
Polig. Ind. del Congost
Avda. Sant Juli 156-166
08400 Granollers (Barcelona)
+34 629367323
FRANCE
Evonik Goldschmidt GmbH
Goldschmidtstrae 100
45127 Essen
+33 683819518
TURKEY
Evonik Degussa Ticaret Ltd.
Ankara Asfalti Uzeri
Kanli Mandira Mevkii
Tuzla Kavsagi No: 68
34940 Tuzla, Istanbul
+90 216 3959-961
+90 216 3959-650
THE AMERICAS
MEXICO
Degussa Mxico, S.A. de C.V.
Calz. Mxico-Xochimilco No. 5149-Bis
Col. Arenal,Tepepan
14610 Mxico D.F.
+52 55 5483-1000
+52 55 5673-6649
NORTH AMERICA
Evonik Goldschmidt Corp.
914 E. Randolph Rd.
P.O. Box 1299
Hopewell, VA 23860
+1 804 541-8658
+1 804 541-2783
SOUTH AMERICA
Evonik Degussa Ibrica S.A.
Alameda Campinas, 579-4 andar
01404-000-So Paulo-SP
+55 11 3146 41-60
+55 11 3146 41-09