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NCCI: Practical deflection limits for single storey buildings
SN035a-EN-EU

Recommendations and guidelines for horizontal and vertical defection for single storey
buildings.

Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. Horizontal deflections for portal frames 2
3. Vertical deflections for portal frames 5
4. Vertical deflections for horizontal roof members 6
5. References 8

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1. Introduction
No specific deflection limits are set in Eurocode 1993-1-1 [1]. According to EN 1993-1-1,
7.2 and EN 1990 Annex A1.4 [2], deflection limits should be specified for each project and
agreed with the client. The National Annex to EN 1993-1-1 may specify limits for application
in individual countries. Where limits are specified they have to be satisfied. Where limits are
not specified, the following might be helpful when deciding relevant deflection limits.
2. Horizontal deflections for portal frames

u
H
L

Figure 2.1 Definition of horizontal deflection

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Table 2.1 Limiting horizontal deflection
Deflection
limits
Country Structure
u
Comments
France Portal frames without gantry
cranes
Buildings with no particular
requirements regarding the
deflection.

Deflection at the top of the
columns
H/150
Difference of deflection between
two consecutive portal frames
B/150
The values to the left are given in the
French National Annex to EN 1993-1-1
and should be used if nothing else is
agreed with the client.
The values of the deflections calculated
from the characteristic combinations
should be compared to these limits.
Member supporting metal
cladding

Post H/150
Rail B/150
Other single storey buildings
Buildings with particular
requirements regarding the
deflection (brittle walls,
appearance).

Deflection at the top of the
columns
H/250
Difference of deflection between
B/200
Germany

There are no national deflection limits.
The limits should be taken from
manufacturers instructions (technical
approvals) or should be agreed with the
client.
Spain Portal frames (without fragile
elements susceptible to failure in
the envelopes, faade and roof)
H/150 The values to the left are given in the
national technical document for steel
structures [3] and in the Technical
Building Code [4] and should be used if
nothing else is agreed with the client.
Single storey buildings with
horizontal roofs (without fragile
elements susceptible to failure in
the envelopes, faade and roof)
H/300
Sweden
-
The national regulations [5]contain only
a principle that deformations should not
be harmful or damage other parts of the
buildings.
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Deflection
limits
Country Structure
u
Comments
UK Portal frames without gantry
cranes, with walls of :

There are no national deflection limits.
The figures to the left are
recommended in industry guidance [6].
Steel sheeting
- deflection at top of column
H/100
Fibre reinforced sheeting
H/150
Brickwork
H/300
Differential deflection between
660
2 2
B H +

Hollow concrete brickwork
H/200
Differential between two
consecutive portal frames
500
2 2
B H +

Precast concrete units
H/200
Differential defection between
330
2 2
B H +

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3. Vertical deflections for portal frames
Figure 3.1 Definitions of vertical deflection of apex of portal frame

Recommended limiting values for vertical deflection are given in Table 3.1
Table 3.1 Vertical deflection limits
Deflection limits Comments Country Structure
w
max
w
3

Roofs in general L/200 L/250
Roofs frequently carrying
personnel other than for
maintenance
L/200 L/300
France
Roofs supporting plaster or
other brittle toppings or non-
flexible parts
L/250 L/350
The values to the left are given in
the National Annex to EN 1993-1-
1 and should be used if nothing
else is agreed with the client.
The values of the deflections
calculated from the characteristic
combinations should be compared
to these limits.
Germany There are no national deflection
limits.
The limits should be taken from
manufacturers instructions
(technical approvals) or should be
Sweden There are no national deflection
limits.
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Deflection limits Comments Country Structure
w
max
w
3

UK Portal frames without gantry
cranes, with rafter slopes 3
r
There are no national deflection
limits. These figures are
recommended in industry
guidance [6].
Differential deflection relative to
adjacent frame

- metal sheeting and fibre
reinforced sheeting
100
B

- felted metal decking on purlins
100
B

- felted metal supported on
rafters
200
B

4. Vertical deflections for horizontal roof members
4.1 Serviceability limit states
Guidance for the deflection limits are given in Table 4.1 for a selection of countries.
Definition of vertical deflection in Annex A to EN 1990 is shown in Figure 4.1

w
c

w
max

w
1

w
2

w
3

w
tot

w
c
: precamber in the unloaded structural member
w
1
: Initial part of the deflection under permanent loads of the relevant combination of
actions
w
2
: Long-term part of the deflection under permanent loads, not to be considered for
single storey steel buildings,
w
3
: Additional part of the deflection due to the variable actions of the relevant
combination of actions
w
tot
= w
1
+ w
2
+ w
3

w
max
: Remaining total deflection taking into account the precamber

Figure 4.1 Definition of vertical deflections

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Table 4.1 Recommended limiting values for vertical deflections
Deflection limits Country Structure
Wmax W
3
Comments
France Roofs in general L/200 L/250
Roofs frequently carrying
maintenance
L/200 L/300
Roofs supporting plaster
or other brittle toppings or
non-flexible parts
L/250 L/350
National Annex to EN 1993-1-1 and
should be used if nothing else is
The values of the deflections
calculated from the characteristic
combinations should be compared to
these limits.
Germany There are no national deflection
limits. The limits should be taken
from manufacturers instructions (
technical approvals) or should be
Roofs in general L/300(*) -
Roofs with access only
for maintenance
L/250(*)
Spain

national technical document for steel
structures [4] and in the Technical
Building Code [5] and should be used
if nothing else is agreed with the
client.
Sweden There are no binding restrictions.
UK Roofs with access for
maintenance
- L/200 There are no national deflection
limits. The figures presented are
taken from industry guidance [6].
Roofs accessible to
maintenance
- L/360
(*) This values refers to w
2
+w
3
but w
2
=0 for steel structures.
4.2 Ultimate limit state: Ponding
Where the roof slope is less than 5%, additional calculations should be made to check that
collapse cannot occur due to the weight of water :
either collected in pools which may be formed due to the deflection of structural
members or roofing material,
or retained by snow.
These additional checks should be based on the combinations at the Ultimate Limit States.
Precambering of beams may reduce the likelihood of rainwater collecting in pools, provided
that rainwater outlets are appropriately located.
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5. References
1 EN 1993-1-1 Design of steel structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
CEN:
2 EN 1990 Eurocode. Basis of structural design.
CEN .
3 Instruccin de Acero Estructural
Ministerio de Fomento, Espaa, 2006.
4 Cdigo Tcnico de la Edificacin
Ministerio de Vivienda, Espaa, 2006
5 Regelsamling fr konstruktion, Boverkets konstruktionsregler, BKR, byggnadsverkslagen
och byggnadsverksfrordningen,
Boverket, Sverige, 2003
6 Steelwork Design Guide to BS 5950 Volume 4: Essential Data for Designers, P 070, The
Steel Construction Institute, 1991.

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Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE NCCI: Practical deflection limits for single storey buildings
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Alain BUREAU CTICM
Technical content checked by J ean-Pierre Pescatore CTICM
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the
following STEEL Partners:

1. UK G W Owens SCI 10/3/06
2. France A Bureau CTICM 10/3/06
3. Sweden A Olsson SBI 10/3/06
4. Germany C Mller RWTH 10/3/06
5. Spain J Chica Labein 10/3/06
Resource approved by Technical
Coordinator
G W Owens SCI 08/6/06
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:

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