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CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION
1. Penology it is the science of the application of knowledge of the causation of crimes to the treatment and
reformation of criminals and the prevention of crimes.
2. Penal Management it is the manner or practice of managing or controlling places of confinement as in jails or
prisons.
3. Correction it is the branch of Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders.
4. Correction Administration it is the study and practice of a systematic management of jails or prisons and other
institutions concerned with the custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
5. Galleys it is a long, narrow and single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals as a process of
transportation in the 16
th
century.
6. Hulks it is a decrepit transport, former warship used to house prisoners in the 18
th
and 19
th
century.
7. Hammurabi Code it is credited as the oldest code prescribing savage punishment.
8. King Ur-Nammus Code it is a law that favored the imposition of justice instead of naked vengeance.
9. Twelve Tablet it is the earliest codification of Roman Law incorporated into the Justinian Code.
10. Justinian Code it is the standard law in all areas occupied by the Roman Empire particularly in Europe.
11. Code of Draco it is a harsh code that provides the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves as it
incorporates primitive concepts.
12. Burgunian Code it is the code that introduced the concept of restitution.
13. The Secular Law this were advocated by the Christian Philosophers who recognizes the need for justice.
14. Punishment it is the infliction of some sort of pain as redress that the state takes against the offender for violating
criminal law.
15. Bridewell System under this system vagrants and prostitutes were given work while serving their sentence.
16. Auburn System this features the confinement of the prisoners in single cells at night and congregate work in shops
during the day.
17. Pennsylvania System - this features the confinement of the prisoners in single cells at day and night but works were
provided to the prisoners in their own cells.
18. Custody-Oriented Prison this is biased to prison security and the prevention of escapes and riots.
19. Secular Theory of Punishment this theory believes that punishment is a means of restoring between the pleasure
and the pain.
20. Judean or Christian Theory this theory of expiation believes that punishment has a redemptive purpose for
repealing sin advocated by evil which emerged after 30 years AD.
21. Rise of Canonical Courts the theory under this church was mainly reformatory in purpose.
22. Individualization of Punishment this theory gave the judges wide discretion to add to the punishment additional
penalties in view of the circumstances.
23. Classical Theory of Penology this theory came about as a protest against in the abuses and discriminatory power of
the judges.
24. Neo-Classical Theory of Penology this theory talks about the idea of giving emphasis on the crime and its causes
rather than the criminal himself.
25. Italian or Positivist Theory the adherents of this theory maintain that crime cannot be treated and checked by the
imposition of punishment fixed and determined, but thru the enforcement of individual measures after a prior
investigation.
26. Domets of France an agricultural colony for male youth offenders was established.
27. Public Relations this refers to the ability of the superintendent to gather support from the community and the
public at large to the program implemented in the prison.
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28. Custodial Division it handles matter pertaining security of the institution and the custody of the prisoners.
29. Physical Plant the plan or building of the facility should express the purpose of which it was to be constructed.
30. Super Security Facility this is the designated place of confinement for hardened criminals and those troublemakers
and escapees.
31. Classification refers to a method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning and execution program are coordinated
in the individual case.
32. Reception Diagnostic Center it is a specialized service designed to service big correction systems.
33. Psychiatrist he examines the convict and prepares an abstract of the emotional and mental constitution of the
individual.
34. Diversification it is an administrative device in a correctional institution in providing varied and flexible types of
physical facility for the effective control of treatment program in a diversified population.
35. Admission Summary it is a written compilation made by the staff regarding their findings on the prisoner.
36. Classification Board it carries out the treatment program of the convict.
37. Maximum Security Group this shall include high security risk or highly dangerous inmates as determined by the
classification board that requires an extreme degree of supervision.
38. Medium Security Group this shall include those who cannot be trusted in less secured areas whose conduct or
behavior requires minimum supervision.
39. Minimum Security Group this shall include who may be reasonably trusted to serve their sentence under less
restricted conditions.
40. Detainee refers to a person under the custody of law whose case is still pending in court.
41. Third Class Inmate one who has either been previously committed for three or more times as a sentenced inmate,
except those imprisoned for non-payment of a fine and who had been reduced from a higher class.
42. Second Class Inmate a newly arrived inmate who was demoted from first class or one promoted from the third
class.
43. First Class Inmate are those who have known character and credit for work while in detention earned assignment
to this class upon star of sentence.
44. Colonist those who are first class inmates and has served for one year immediately preceding the completion of
the period specified in the classifications.
45. Admission Classification Meeting this is the initial classification meeting which takes place after the transfer of the
prisoner from the RDC to the operating institution.
46. Sentenced Prisoner a person who is convicted by final judgment.
47. Mittimus a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive the convicted offender for service of sentence imposed therein.
48. Commitment Order a written order of a court or authority consigning a person to jail or prison for detention.
49. Self Discipline it is an essential characteristic of a well-adjusted person.
50. Control it is the supervision of the prisoners or detainees regarding in response to rules and regulation of inmates
daily activities.
51. Custody it is the penal safekeeping or guarding the inmates.
52. Contraband anything found in the possession of the prisoner.
53. Kalantiaw Code the most extensive code which is comparable to the Greek, Roman, English and Spanish Laws.
54. Carpeta refers to the institutional record of an inmate which consists of his mittimus or commitment order issued
by the court after conviction, the prosecutors information and the decision of the trial court and the appellate court, if
any; certificate of non-appeal, certificate of detention and other pertinent document of the case.
55. Prisoner also known as inmate, anyone who is deprived of liberty against their will.
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56. Imprisonment putting the offender in prison for the purpose of protecting the public against criminal activities and
at the same time rehabilitating prisoners by requiring them to undergo institutional treatment programs.
57. Parole a conditional release of a prisoner after serving part of his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of
gradually re-introducing him/her to free life under the guidance and supervision of a parole officer.
58. Probation a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction of an offense; the penalty of which does not exceed
six years imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by the releasing court and under the supervision
of a probation officer.
59. Fine an amount given as a compensation for a criminal act.
60. Destierro the penalty of banishing a person from the place where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get
near or enter the 25-kilometer perimeter.
61. Corporal Punishment imposing brutal punishment or employing physical force to intimidate a delinquent inmate.
62. Reformation it is the establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the offender.
63. Deterrence it is a justification of punishment which gives lesson to the offender by showing to others what would
happen to them if they violate the law.
64. Expiation or Atonement it is the punishment in the form of group vengeance where the purpose is to appease the
offended public or group.
65. Jail it is a place of locking-up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to serve a short
sentences imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of persons who are awaiting trial or
investigation of their cases.
66. Correction as a Process it is the reorientation of the criminal offenders to prevent him or her from repeating his
delinquent actions without the necessity of taking punitive action but rather introduction of individual measures of
reformation.
67. Furca a form of torture which is a v-shaped yolk worn around the neck and where the outstretched arms of the
convict were tied to.
68. St. Michael System this prison system emphasized the rehabilitative concept and pioneered the segregation of
prisoners and forced silence to make the prisoners contemplate their wrongdoings.
69. The Southern Plantation Prison this penal institution possess vast land holdings and uses prison labor to produce
agricultural product out of the land.
70. Elmira Reformatory this was considered as the forerunner of modern penology, opened in Elmira, New York in
1876.
71. Tagumpay Settlement a 1,000 hectare re-settlement is dedicated for deserving convicts who desires to live there
and given up to six hectares of homestead lots.
72. Social Worker he/she conducts the referral services and social case studies and engaged in volunteer resource
development activities.
73. Chief Overseer he shall supervise keepers in their respective departments and inspect all prison wards and cells
under his supervision.
74. Commander of the Guards he shall be in charge of the prison custodial force and execute orders and instruction of
higher authorities.
75. Inspector of the Guards the alternative officer of the day he shall supervise over the zone inspector, keepers and
guards.
76. Keepers they are responsible for locking the inmates in his brigade and conducting the correct count.
78. Gate guard he is responsible for ascertaining the identity of persons seeking admission to the prison compound.
79. Guards they are responsible for the serviceable condition of the equipment issued to them.
80. Yard Guard he shall see to it that the work assigned to inmates occupying the yard is properly performed as well as
its cleanliness and sanitation.