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BUSINESS MORAL CODES IN ISLAM

According to FATAWA of Ayatullah AlU!"a S#yyid Ali$u%aini S##%tani Da"aDhilluhu


Co"&il#d 'y( )u%uf *+ ,#r"alli
E"ail( -a'ana./uno+co"
RULES RE*ARDIN* 0URC$ASE AND SALE+
A$ADIT$
I"a" 1a2far Sadi3 4a+%+5 i% r#&ort#d to ha6# %aid( 7A &#r%on 8ho 8i%h#% to #ngag# in 'u%in#%%9
%hould l#arn it% rul#% and la8%9 and if h# "a-#% any tran%action 8ithout l#arning th#"9 h# "ay
%uff#r '#cau%# of #nt#ring into a 6oid or dou'tful tran%action%7+ 4I%la"ic La8% Boo- of Ayatullah
AlS##%tani Da"a Dhilluhu5
A Shi:a d#cid#d to %tart a 'u%in#%% and %o h# 8#nt to I"a" 1a:afar Sadi3 4a+%+5 for ad6ic#+ Th#
I"a" %aid9 ;I urg# you(
<= to '# truthful in your 8ord%>
?= not to conc#al th# d#f#ct in your "#rchandi%#>
@= not to d#c#i6# a gulli'l# 4#a%y to fool9 innoc#nt9 tru%ting5 &#r%on9 '#cau%# d#c#i6ing hi" i%
not allo8#d+
A= not to '# %ati%fi#d for &#o&l# #Bc#&t 8ith 8hat you 8ill '# %ati%fi#d for your%#lf>
C= to gi6# th# right and ta-# th# right D++ '#cau%# th# truthful trad#r 8ill '# 8ith th#
r#%&#ct#d ang#l% on th# Day of 1udg"#nt>
E= to r#frain fro" %8#aring '#cau%# a fal%# oath 8ill l#ad th# &#r%on to th# fir#D4I'id9 &+ ?FC5
EG0LANATOR) NOTES H Fi3h T#r"inology
If an A2la" Mu/tahid gi6#% a fat8a on %o"# "att#r9 hi% follo8#r cannot act in that "att#r on th#
fat8a of anoth#r Mu/tahid+ But if h# do#% not gi6# a fat8a9 and #B&r#%%#% a &r#caution 4Ihtiyat5 that
a "an %hould act in %uch and %uch a "ann#r9 for #Ba"&l# if h# %ay% that a% a &r#cautionary
"#a%ur#9 in th# fir%t and %#cond Ra-2at of th# na"a! h# %hould r#ad a co"&l#t# Surah aft#r th#
Surah of 7$a"d79 th# follo8#r "ay #ith#r act on thi% &r#caution9 8hich i% call#d o'ligatory
&r#caution 4Ihtiyat Wa/i'59 or h# "ay act on th# fat8a of anoth#r Mu/tahid 8ho it i% &#r"i%%i'l# to
follo8+ In th# Far%i 6#r%ion of hi% Ri%aalah9 th# lat#%t #dition9 h# not#% th# t#r" 7AlA2laa" fil
A2laa"7 'a%ically9 th# "o%t -no8l#dg#a'l# in ran-ing 4aft#r th# on# you follo85+ $#nc#9 if h# 4th#
%#cond Mu/tahid5 rul#% that only 7Surah $a"d7 i% #nough9 h# 4th# &#r%on off#ring &ray#r%5 "ay
dro& th# %#cond Surah+ Th# &o%ition 8ill '# th# %a"# if th# A2ala" Mu/tahid #B&r#%%#% t#r"% li-#
Ta2""ul or I%h-al+
If th# A2la" Mu/tahid o'%#r6#% &r#caution aft#r or '#for# ha6ing gi6#n a fat8a9 for #Ba"&l#9 if h#
%ay% that if Na/i% 6#%%#l i% 8a%h#d onc# 8ith ,urr 8at#r 4a'out @FF litr#%59 it '#co"#% 0a-9
although a% &r#cautionary "#a%ur#9 it %hould '# 8a%h#d thr# # ti"#%9 hi% follo8#r% can a'andon
acting according to thi% &r#caution+ Thi% &r#caution i% call#d r#co""#nd#d &r#caution 4Ihtiyat
Mu%taha'5+
Iu#%tion% and An%8#r%
I5 What ar# th# condition% of a S#ll#r and a Buy#rJ
A5 Th#r# ar# %iB condition% for th# S#ll#r% and Buy#r%(
<5 Th#y %hould '# Baligh 4r#ach#d th# ag# of &u'#rty5+
?5 Th#y %hould '# %an#+
@5 Th#y %hould not '# i"&ud#nt9 that i%9 th#y %hould '# %3uand#ring th#ir 8#alth+
A5 Th#y %hould ha6# a %#riou% and g#nuin# int#ntion to %#ll and &urcha%# a
co""odity+
C5 Th#y ha6# not '##n forc#d to %#ll and 'uy+
E5 Th#y %hould '# th# rightful o8n#r% of th# co""odity 8hich th#y 8i%h to %#ll+
I5 I% it o'ligatory for a &#r%on to -no8 th# rul#% of 'u%in#%% tran%action% '#for# h# %tart% a
'u%in#%%J
A5 It i% r#co""#nd#d for a 'u%in#%% "an to l#arn th# rul#% of daily tran%action%+ In
fact9 if du# to ignoranc#9 h# "ay n#c#%%arily contradict th# la8% of Shari:ah9 th#n it
i% o'ligatory u&on hi" to l#arn+
I5 Would "a-ing a li6ing 4#arning5 in I%la" al%o fall in th# fi6# cat#gori#% of I%la"ic La8%J
Please, give detailed explanation.
A5 I%la"ic la8% ar# of fi6# ty&#%( o'ligatory 4Wajib59 r#co""#nd#d 4Mustahab59 di%courag#d
4Makrooh59 &#r"i%%i'l# 4Halaal5 and for'idd#n 4Haraam5+ Bu%in#%%9 trad#% and
&rof#%%ion% in I%la" 8ould al%o fall into th#%# fi6# cat#gori#%+
<+ Wajib K O'ligatory+
4a5 On an indi6idual l#6#l( it i% o'ligatory to "aintain your%#lf and your fa"ily %o any
l#giti"at# /o' that fulfill% that o'ligation for you i% o'ligatory for you+
4'5 On a %ocial l#6#l( any trad#9 'u%in#%% or &rof#%%ion 8hich cat#r% to th# #%%#ntial
n##d% of th# %oci#ty i% o'ligatory in th# %#n%# of Wajib Kifaai. 4Wajib Kifaai "#an%
an o'ligation 8hich i% u&on th# #ntir# co""unity 'ut if on# fulfill% it9 th#n th#
o'ligation i% lift#d fro" oth#r%> ho8#6#r9 if no on# fulfill% it9 th#n th# #ntir#
co""unity i% r#%&on%i'l#+ Thi% i% o&&o%it# of Wajib Ani in 8hich #ach &#r%on
ha% to fulfill that o'ligation9 #+g+9 Salaat+
For #Ba"&l#9 th# "#dical &rof#%%ion 4#%&#cially f#"al# doctor%9 d#nti%t% and
gyn#cologi%t%59 r#ligiou% &rof#%%ion9 t#aching9 /ournali%"9 youth and fa"ily
coun%#ling ar# Wajib Kifaai. In th# W#%t#rn cont#Bt9 in ord#r to cr#at# a Mu%li"
co""unity in thi% %oci#ty9 it i% Wajib Kifaai to &ro6id# tho%# faciliti#% 8ithout
8hich th# co""unity 8ould not '# a'l# to "aintain it% I%la"ic id#ntity+
?+ Mustahab K R#co""#nd#d+
Any &rof#%%ion or 'u%in#%% that i% not #%%#ntial 'ut u%#ful for your%#lf and th#
%oci#ty+ For #Ba"&l#9 a food 'u%in#%% that "a-#% Halaal food "or# #a%ily a6aila'l#
to Mu%li"% or &hy%ical fitn#%% faciliti#% 8hich adh#r# to th# Shari:a la8%+
@+ Makrooh K Di%li-#d+
It i% Makrooh to in6ol6# on#%#lf #Bclu%i6#ly in th# &rof#%%ion of 'utch#r9 or th#
trad# of %#lling %hroud% 4Kafan59 %tatu#% of li6ing thing%9 #tc++
A+ Halaal K 0#r"i%%i'l#+
Any trad# or &rof#%%ion that i% &#r"i%%i'l# 'ut not #%%#ntial for th# %oci#ty+
C+ Haraam K For'idd#n+
S&#cifi#d -ind% of &rof#%%ion% and trad#% di%allo8#d 'y th# I%la"ic Shari:a+ For
#Ba"&l# intoBicating drin-%+
I5 ,indly9 d#%cri'# to "# th# Mu%taha' act% r#lating to 'uying and &urcha%ingJ
A5 Th# follo8ing ar# Mu%taha' in conn#ction 8ith %al# and &urcha%#+
<+ On# %hould not di%cri"inat# '#t8##n 6ariou% 'uy#r% 8hil# charging for th#
co""oditi#%9 #Bc#&t in th# ca%# of &oor &#o&l#+
?+ On# %hould not '# ada"ant a'out th# &ric#%9 unl#%% on# f##l% that on# i% '#ing
du&#d or ch#at#d+
@+ On# %hould gi6# a littl# "or# of th# thing on# %#ll%9 and %hould ta-# a littl# l#%% of
th# thing 8hich on# 'uy%+
A+ If th# 'uy#r r#gr#t% ha6ing &urcha%#d %o"#thing9 and 8i%h#% to r#turn it9 th# %#ll#r
%hould acc#&t it 'ac-+
I5 ,indly9 #B&lain to "# th# 'u%in#%% tran%action% 8hich ar# Ma-roohJ
A5 Th# follo8ing ar# Ma-rooh tran%action%+
<+ To %#ll th# land9 #Bc#&t 8h#n on# 8i%h#% to &urcha%# anoth#r land 8ith it%
&roc##d%+
?+ To '# a 'utch#r+
@+ To "a-# %hroud %#lling on#:% &rof#%%ion+ !"o sell shrouds#.
A+ To #nt#r into tran%action 8ith &#o&l# of lo8 charact#r+ !$ith bad%mannered
people#.
C+ To tran%act a d#al '#t8##n th# Fa/r &ray#r% and %unri%#+
E+ To "a-# it on#:% 6ocation to 'uy or %#ll 8h#at and 'arl#y9 oth#r %i"ilar
co""oditi#%+
L+ To int#rf#r# in a d#al '#ing carri#d out 'y a Mu%li"9 and "a-# on#:% o8n off#r+
I5 ,indly9 gi6# d#tail% 8ith r#l#6ant ruling% in "att#r% &#rtaining to Haraam tran%action%J
A5 Th#r# ar# "any Haraam 'u%in#%% tran%action%9 li%t#d '#lo8 ar# only tho%# tran%action%
8hich nor"ally aff#ct u%+
<+ Sal# and &urcha%# of intoBicating '#6#rag#%+
Not#( B#%id#% '#ing $araa"9 th# tran%action i% 6oid+
It i% Haraam to d#al 8ith intoBicating drin-% in any %ha&# or for"( %#lling9 'uying9
u%ing it a% r#nt or &ay"#nt for a /o'9 #tc++ It i% Haraam to r#nt out a 6#hicl# for
tran%&orting intoBicant%+ It i% Haraam to 8or- for a co"&any that &roduc#% %uch
drin-%( a% a dri6#r9 8or-#r9 accountant9 guard9 ty&i%t9 #tc+ It i% for'idd#n for a
Mu%li" to %#ll or %#r6# intoBicating drin-%9 or #6#n to 8a%h gla%%#% u%#d for that
&ur&o%#+ Wag#% fro" %uch 8or- ar# unla8ful+
I5 Can I 8or- a% a ca%hi#r in a groc#ry %ho& that al%o %#ll% alcoholJ
A5 )our /o' a% a ca%hi#r i% o-ay> ho8#6#r a &ortion of your %alary r#&r#%#nting th#
&#rc#ntag# of 8or- for %#lling alcohol 8ill '# ill#giti"at#+
Si"ilarly it i% not &#r"i%%i'l# for a Mu%li" arti%t9 calligra&h#r9 d#%ign#r9 8#'d#%ign#r9
&rint#r or &u'li%h#r to &r#&ar# and &ro"ot# an ad6#rti%#"#nt for intoBicating drin-%+ Thi%
8ould a"ount to &ro"oting i""orality9 and it i% not &#r"i%%i'l# #6#n if that Mu%li" i%
going to lo%# futur# 'u%in#%% fro" %uch cu%to"#r%+
NOTE( Th# a'o6# ruling a&&li#% to intoBicating drin-%+ Th#r#for#9 intoBicant% that ar# not
"ad# for hu"an con%u"&tion ar# not co6#r#d 'y &rohi'ition or ritual i"&urity 4&ajaasat5+
For #Ba"&l#9 "#thyl alcohol 4al%o -no8n a% 8ood %&irit5 i% not &ajis and i% a 6alid
co""odity for trad#+ Si"ilarly9 th# alcohol found in &#rfu"#% i% &ur# and &#r"i%%i'l# for
u%# a% 8#ll a% trad#+
$ADIT$
0ro&h#t Muha""ad 4%+a+8+8+5 %aid9 ;Allah ha% cur%#d th# intoBicating drin-%9 h# 8ho %3u##!#% it
out 4fro" gra&#%59 h# 8ho &lant% 4gra&#%9 #tc+ for intoBicant%59 h# 8ho drin-% it9 h# 8ho %#r6#% it9
h# 8ho %#ll% it9 h# 8ho 'uy% it9 h# 8ho #arn% fro" it9 h# 8ho tran%&ort% it and h# to 8ho" it i%
tran%&ort#dM+ 4AlMa/li%i9 'iharu l%An$aar, 6ol+ LN9 &+<?E5
I5 Can I 'uy a 'uilding in 8hich on# of th# t#nant% o&#rat#% a li3uor %tor# or a &u'J
A5 )ou "ay 'uy th# 'uilding 'ut you "u%t t#r"inat# th# l#a%# of that &articular t#nant a%
%oon a% &o%%i'l# 'a%#d on th# agr##"#nt 4i+#+ i""#diat#ly or at th# r#n#8al ti"#5+
?+ Sal# and &urcha%# of u%ur&#d &ro&#rty+
Not#( B#%id#% '#ing $araa"9 th# tran%action i% 6oid9 and th# %#ll#r %hould r#turn
to th# 'uy#r th# "on#y ta-#n fro" hi"+
@+ A% a &r#caution9 %al# or &urcha%# of tho%# thing% 8hich ar# not u%ually
con%id#r#d to '# "#rchandi!#9 #+g+ 8ild '#a%t%9 if it do#% not in6ol6# any
%u'%tantial gain+
A+ Any tran%action 8hich in6ol6#% int#r#%t+
Not#( Al%Adhhar !most evident ( a level of )ertaint in rea)hing a ruling b a
Mujtahid# taking usur fro" th# un'#li#6#r% i% &#r"i%%i'l#+
C+ Manufacturing or d#aling in it#"% that ar# #Bclu%i6#ly u%#d for Haraam
&ur&o%#%+ For #Ba"&l#9 ga"'ling "achin#9 idol%9 #tc++
NOTE( Si"ilarly9 it i% for'idd#n for a Mu%li" 'uild#r or contractor to 'uild a &lac#
of 8or%hi& for nonMu%li"% in a nonMu%li" country+
I5 Can a &#r%on #nt#r in 'u%in#%% of %#lling in%tru"#nt% of #nt#rtain"#ntJ
A5 0urcha%# and %al# of in%tru"#nt% of #nt#rtain"#nt9 li-#9 guitar9 lut#9 har"oniu"9 #tc+9 i%
$araa"9 and a% a &r#caution9 th# %a"# rul# a&&li#% to th# %"all "u%ical in%tru"#nt% "ad#
a% toy% for th# childr#n+ $o8#6#r9 th#r# i% no har" in %#lling and &urcha%ing in%tru"#nt%
of co""on u%#9 li-#9 radio9 t#l#6i%ion9 #tc+ &ro6id#d that it i% not int#nd#d to u%# it for
$araa" &ur&o%#%+
I5 I% it &#r"i%%i'l# to 8or- a% a ca%hi#r in %uch a con6#ni#nc# %tor# that al%o %#ll% lott#ry
tic-#t%J
A5 S#lling lott#ry i% Haraam+ $o8#6#r9 8or-ing a% a ca%hi#r in a con6#ni#nt %tor# i% not
Haraam #6#n though it i% Haraam to %#ll lott#ry tic-#t%+ 4Th# i"&lication i% that #6#n
though th# ca%hi#r:% /o' i% l#giti"at# 'ut that &ortion of th# %alary 8hich r#&r#%#nt% th#
&#rc#ntag# of 8or- don# in %#lling lott#ry tic-#t% 8ill not '# con%id#r#d l#giti"at#+5
$o8#6#r9 th#r# i% no &ro'l#" in d#aling in "achin#% of dual or "ulti&ur&o%# natur#
8hich includ# Haraam &ur&o%#% 'ut ar# not #Bclu%i6#ly u%#d for %uch thing%9 li-# radio9
t#l#6i%ion9 #tc++

E+ A tran%action 8hich in6ol6#% fraud or adult#ration+
$ADIT$
Th# holy 0ro&h#t of I%la" 4%+a+8+8+5 %aid( 7If a &#r%on "a-#% a d#c#itful tran%action 8ith th#
Mu%li"%9 or &ut% th#" to a lo%%9 or ch#at% th#"9 h# i% not on# of "y follo8#r%+ And 8h#n a &#r%on
ch#at% hi% f#llo8 Mu%li" 4i+#+ %#ll% hi" an adult#rat#d co""odity59 Allah d#&ri6#% hi" of
Bl#%%ing% in hi% li6#lihood9 clo%#% th# "#an% of hi% #arning%9 and l#a6#% hi" to hi"%#lf+7
4I%la"ic La8% Boo- of Ayatullah AlS##%tani Da"a Dhilluhu5
I5 What con%titut#% fraud and cu%to"#r%: right in 'u%in#%% d#aling%J
A5 <= *i6ing a fal%# %tat#"#nt a'out th# 6alu# of an it#"+
?= 0r#%#nting an it#" in an unr#ali%tic "ann#r( &r#%#nting "#rchandi!# that i% "iB#d
8ith %o"#thing #l%# a% &ur#> or &r#%#nting an i"itation a% th# g#nuin# articl#+
Thi% i% -no8n a% ;*hish and "adlees ( fraud and d#c#itM in th# Shari:a+
For #Ba"&l#9 in a cart# of a&&l#%9 if you &lac# th# good on#% on th# to& and th#
'ad on#% in%id# H thi% i% ;*hishM+ If you chang# th# odo"#t#r in your u%#d car to
%ho8 lo8#r "il#ag# H thi% i% ;"adleesM
I5 Can I #nt#r into a 'u%in#%% d#aling in6ol6ing An &ajis andKor Mutanajijis it#"%J
A5 OAn &ajis 4inh#r#nt i"&urity5 it#"% 4li-# hu"an or ani"al %tool9 urin#9 'lood9 %#"#n5 can
'# a l#giti"at# 'u%in#%% co""odity &ro6id#d th#r# i% a r#a%ona'l# u%# for th#"+ For
#Ba"&l#9 th# dung of far" ani"al% can '# u%#d for th# &ur&o%# of u%ing it a% "anur#>
'lood of ani"al% for u%# a% a dy#9 #tc+> 'lood of hu"an '#ing for tran%fu%ion into a &ati#nt
8ho n##d% it+
A% for Mutanajjis 4an it#" that '#co"#% &ajis 'y co"ing into contact 8ith a 8#t An
&ajis+ It "#an%9 ;ac3uir#d i"&urityM5 it#"%9 it i% &#r"i%%i'l# to d#al 8ith Mutanajjis it#"%
if th#r# i% a &#r"i%%i'l# u%# for it+ For #Ba"&l#9 if la"& oil '#co"#% &ajis9 it can %till '#
u%#d to light th# la"&+
I5 Can I %#r6# or d#li6#r it#"% li-# &i!!a containing &or- to non Mu%li"%J
A5 It i% Haraam to d#al in &ig% and th#ir 'y&roduct% in all for"%( #6#n %#lling or %#r6ing &or-
to tho%# 8ho con%id#r it &#r"i%%i'l# in th#ir r#ligion i% not allo8#d+ Thi% &rohi'ition al%o
a&&li#% to d#li6#ring food it#"% 8hich ha6# &or- in th#" %uch a% &i!!a9 #tc+
$o8#6#r9 %#lling9 'uying or u%ing %oa&% "ad# of &ig%: fat i% &#r"i%%i'l#> of cour%#9 it i%
&ajis and on# "u%t &urify th# hand or 'ody aft#r u%ing that %oa&+ Si"ilarly9 %#lling9
'uying or u%ing tooth'ru%h#% or &aint 'ru%h#% that contain 'ri%tl#% "ad# fro" &ig:% hair
i% &#r"i%%i'l# #Bc#&t 8h#r#6#r ritual &urity 4"ahaarat5 i% a condition+ So9 if %o"#on# u%#%
%uch a tooth'ru%h9 th#n th# "outh 8ill '#co"# &ajis9 and it 8ill '#co"# &ur# 'y ta-ing th#
tooth'ru%h out and g#tting rid of th# r#"aining tooth&a%t# fro" th# "outh
I5 Can a &#r%on %#ll a Na/i% thing to hi% f#llo8 Mu%li"J
A5 Th#r# i% no har" in %#lling a 0aa- thing 8hich ha% '#co"# Na/i%9 'ut can '# "ad# 0aa-
8ith 8at#r+ But h# i% r#3uir#d to infor" th# 'uy#r a'out it9 '#cau%# 'y not t#lling hi"9 h#
"ight do %o"#thing contrary to th# rul# of Shari:ah+ $o8#6#r9 if th# %#ll#r -no8% that it i%
no u%# infor"ing th# 'uy#r 8ho i% car#l#%%9 and do#% not car# a'out Taharat or Na/a%at9
th#n it i% not n#c#%%ary to infor" hi"+
I5 Can a &#r%on %#ll hu"an or ani"al %tatu#J
A5 Ma-ing a hu"an %cul&tur# or that of an ani"al9 i% $araa"9 'ut th#r# i% no $ar" in
&urcha%ing and %#lling it9 though a% a &r#caution9 it %hould '# a6oid#d+ $o8#6#r9 &ainting
hu"an or ani"al &ortrait% i% &#r"i%%i'l#+
I5 ,indly9 #B&lain to "# if I%la" ha% &ro6id#d ;th# right of 8ithdra8alM aft#r a 'u%in#%% d#al
ha% '##n conclud#dJ
A5 In ord#r to &rot#ct th# cu%to"#r fro" fraud and d#c#it in a 'u%in#%% tran%action9 th#
Shari:a ha% introduc#d th# &rinci&l# of +Al%KhiaarM H th# right of 8ithdra8al 8hich ar# of
%#6#n ty&#%(
<= Khiaaru l%Majlis( th# right of canc#ling th# d#al '#for# l#a6ing th# 'u%in#%%
&r#"i%#> unl#%% it i% %&#cifi#d a% ;finalM in th# d#al+
?= Khiaatu l%Ha$aan( 4a&&li#% to %al# of ani"al%5 th# right of r#turning th# ani"al
8ithin thr## day% unl#%% that right i% 8ai6#d in th# d#al+
@= Khiaaru sh%,hart( th# right of canc#ling or r#turning th# "#rchandi%# 'a%#d on
th# condition in th# Contract+ For #Ba"&l#9 8h#n th# %#ll#r %ay% that th# it#" can
'# r#turn#d 8ithin on# 8##- or on# "onth+
A= Khiaru l *habn 4Fraud5( th# right of r#turning th# "#rchandi%# if it 8a% %old for a
&ric# that 8a% #Bhor'itant than it% actual 6alu#+ 4Th# actual 6alu# i% to '# d#fin#d
'y urf9 in thi% cont#Bt9 th# "ar-#t+5
C= Khiaatu t%"a-kheer( if th# cu%to"#r "a-#% a d#al 'ut d#lay% th# &ay"#nt or
"a-#% a &artial &ay"#nt 8ithout any &r#condition for d#f#rring H th# "#rchant
ha% to 8ait for thr## day% and th#n h# ha% th# right to canc#l th# d#al+ Si"ilarly9 if
th# cu%to"#r i% r#3uir#d to "a-# a nonr#funda'l# d#&o%it and th#n i% una'l# to
"a-# th# full &ay"#nt a% &#r th# Agr##"#nt9 th#n th# "#rchant can canc#l th#
d#al+
E= Khiaaru r.u-a( if you 'uy an it#" /u%t 'a%#d on th# d#%cri&tion of th# %#ll#r it or
you 8#r# %ho8n th# it#"9 'ut th#n you find it to '# of a lo8#r 3uality H in %uch a
ca%#9 you ha6# th# right to canc#l th# d#al aft#r actually %##ing or handling th#
it#"+
L= Khiaaru l-Ab( if you find th# "#rchandi%# to '# d#f#cti6#9 th#n you ha6# t8o
choi%#% H #ith#r canc#l th# d#al or r#tain it 8ith co"&#n%ation+ Unl#%%9 of cour%#9
th# d#al i% 'a%#d on ;a% i%M condition> th#n in that ca%# you cannot r#turn th# it#"
or a%- for co"&#n%ation+
If th# d#al ha% '##n finali!#d 'ut th# "#rchandi%# ha% not y#t '##n d#li6#r#d to or
r#c#i6#d 'y th# cu%to"#r and th# "#rchandi%# i% d#%troy#d9 th#n th# "#rchant 8ill '#
'#ar th# lo%% and th# cu%to"#r 8ill '# #ligi'l# for r#&ay"#nt+
I5 ,indly #B&lain to "# if I%la" ha% d#cr##d la8% in r#lation to &artn#r%hi& in 'u%in#%%J
A5 Th# "o%t co""on ty&#% of &artn#r%hi& in I%la"ic La8% a&&lica'l# to u% ar# th# follo8ing(
<= Mudaaraba ( Li"it#d 0artn#r%hi& or Sil#nt 0arn#r%hi&+
Th#r# ar# thr## #l#"#nt% in li"it#d or %il#nt &artn#r%hi&(
a5 On# &ro6id#% th# ca&ital 4%il#nt &artn#r5 and th# oth#r 8or-% 4acti6#
&artn#r5 on it+
'5 In ca%# of &rofit9 th#y %har# in th# &rofit+
c5 In ca%# of lo%%9 th# %il#nt &artn#r 8ill incur th# lo%% 4'#cau%# th#
acti6# &artn#r ha% al%o lo%t th# '#n#fit of hi% la'or and 8or-+5
Unl#%%9 of cour%# th# acti6# &artn#r 8a% n#glig#nt and 6iolat# th#
t#r"% of agr##"#nt+
?= Mushaaraka ( full &artn#r%hi&+
In thi% ty&# of &artn#r%hi&9 'oth or "or# &artn#r% &ro6id# th# ca&ital and 8or-
tog#th#r+ Th#y %har# in th# &rofit and th# lo%% in &ro&ortion to th#ir ca&ital+
$ADIT$
I"a" Paynu Ol A'did##n 4a+%+5 8rit#% in Th# Chart#r of Right% 4.isalatu l Hu/u/#, &ag# ?C(
It i% th# right of your &artn#r that you %hould(
<= ta-# hi% 'urd#n u&on your%#lf if h# i% a'%#nt9 and
?= 8or- #3ually 8ith hi" 8h#n h# i% &r#%#nt+
@= And do not d#cid# anything 8ithout hi% con%#nt and
A= do not #nforc# your 6i#8 8ithout con%ulting hi"> and
C= &rot#ct hi% 8#alth for hi"> and
E= r#frain fro" #"'#!!ling hi"9 '# it a larg# or a %"all 4a"ount59 '#cau%# thi% 4$adith5 ha%
r#ach#d u%( OQ#rily9 th# hand of Allah 4i+#+ $i% 'l#%%ing5 r#"ain% u&on &artn#r% a% long a%
th#y do not %8indl# #ach oth#r+:
And th#r# i% no &o8#r 'ut 8ith Allah+
I5 Should th#r# ari%# a di%&ut# or di%agr##"#nt in &artn#r%hi&%9 ho8 %hould on# go a'out
g#tting it %ol6#d I%la"icallyJ
A5 Although &#o&l# ha6# acc#%% to th# l#gal %y%t#" in th#ir o8n countri#%9 'ut Shi:i Mu%li"%
%hould r#ali!# that th#y ar# only allo8#d to a&&roach a Mu%li" authority for r#%olution of
th#ir di%&ut#%+ Th#y "u%t %##- a %olution 8ithin th# Co""unity+ Only 8h#n th#r# ar# no
Co""unity 'a%#d tri'unal% or if th#y don:t ha6# th# &o8#r to i"&l#"#nt th#ir /udg"#nt%9
can Shi:i th#n a&&roach th# S#cular Court% for g#tting th#ir l#giti"at# right+
$ADIT$
Onc# OU"ar 'in $an!ala a%-#d I"a" 1a:afar Sadi3 4a+%+5 a'out th# l#gality of t8o Shi:ah% %##-ing
a 6#rdict fro" an unauthori!#d rul#r or /udg# in a di%&ut# o6#r a d#'t or an #%tat#+ Th# I"a"
an%8#r#d that it 8a% a'%olut#ly for'idd#n to do %o> and th#n h# r#ad th# follo8ing 6#r%#( +0..!1et
in a dispute# the desire to summon one another to the judgment of the taghut 4;TaghutM "#an%
any thing or a &#r%on 8ho i% follo8#d 8ithout th# authori!ation of *od or hi% r#&r#%#ntati6#%+
Th# t#r" i% u%#d for Satan9 an idol9 or #6#n a hu"an '#ing 8ho "i%l#ad% oth#r%5 though the
$ere )ommanded to reje)t and disbelieve in him.2 4A+ER5
Th#n OU"ar i'n $an!ala a%-#d9 ;Th#n 8hat %hould th# t8o 4Shi:ah%5 doJ
I"a" 1a:afar Sadi3 4a+%+5 r#&li#d( ;Th#y "u%t %##- out on# of your o8n 8ho narrat#% our
tradition%9 8ho i% 8#ll6#r%#d in 8hat i% &#r"i%%i'l# and 8hat i% for'idd#n9 8ho i% 8#llac3uaint#d
8ith our la8% and ordinanc#%9 and th#n acc#&t hi" a% /udg# and ar'it#r9 for I a&&oint hi" a% /udg#
o6#r you+ If th# ruling 8hich h# 'a%#d on our la8% i% r#/#ct#d9 th#n thi% r#/#ction 8ill '#
tanta"ount to ignoring th# ord#r of Allah and r#/#cting u%9 and r#/#cting u% i% th# %a"# a%
r#/#cting Allah9 and thi% i% th# %a"# a% &olyth#i%"+ 4Wasaa-ilu sh%,hi-ah, vol. 34, p. 555
NOTE( Sayyid Muha""ad co""#nt%( ; I thin- that it i% high ti"# that Mu%li"% in th# W#%t %tart#d
8or-ing on for"ing ar'itration 'oard% to r#%ol6# th# ci6il di%&ut# a"ong th#ir co""unity
"#"'#r%+ Such 'oard% "u%t co"&ri%# of a r#ligiou% %cholar9 an accountant9 and a la8y#r or
%o"#on# 8ho ha% gon# through th# ar'itration training+M
I5 I% it n#c#%%ary to ha6# Writt#n Contract% in 'u%in#%% d#aling%J
A+ Many ti"#% &#o&l# in our co""uniti#% r#ly on 6#r'al agr##"#nt% 8h#n clo%# fri#nd% or
r#lati6#% ar# in6ol6#d in 'u%in#%%+ I%la" ha% 6#ry %trongly #"&ha%i!#d th# i%%u# of
ha6ing 8ritt#n Agr##"#nt% and Contract% #6#n if you ar# doing 'u%in#%% 8ith your o8n
'roth#r+
Th# Iur:an 8hich do#% not gi6# u% th# d#tail% of ho8 to &ray ha% told u% in d#tail a'out
th# i"&ortanc# of 8ritt#n Contract%+ 0l#a%#9 r#f#r to th# $oly Iur:an9 Cha&t#r ?9 Q#r%#
?F?+
Although th# 6#r%# '#gin% 8ith th# i%%u# of loan9 it% r#co""#ndation% for a 8ritt#n
Agr##"#nt in all 'u%in#%% d#al% i% '#yond any dou't
I5 ,indly #B&lain to "# %#t of la8% I%la" ha% &ro6id#d r#garding 'uying9 %#lling and
con%u"ing of #di'l# ani"al &roduct%J By #di'l# ani"al%9 I "#an "#at of tho%# ani"al%
8hich ha6# '##n allo8#d 'y th# Shari:a to con%u"#+
A5 B#lo8 i% a Ta'ulari!#d #B&lanation r#lating to rul#% in6ol6ing #di'l# ani"al &roduct%(
T)0ES RITUAL USA*E FOOD TRADE
0URIT) IN SALAAT
A+ I%la"ic 6abeeha )#% Allo8#d Allo8#d Allo8#d
B+ Not I%la"ic Pa'##ha(
A case where you know by one of three means
of knowledge:
(a) you have first hand of knowledge that the
slaughter was not done Islamically; or
(b) you have been informed by two just Muslim
witnesses about it; or
(c) by the owner of the product that it does not
come from an animal slaughtered Islamically
<+ 0art% 8ith f##ling% 4#+g+ %-in5 No Not Allo8#d Not Allo8#d Not Allo8#d
According to
Ayatullah !eestani"
It is permissible to
trade in such items
with non#Muslims
?+ &art% 8ith no f##ling 4#+g+ hair9
f#ath#r9 fur9 'on#9 horn9 '#a-9 nail
and t##th5 )#% Allo8#d Not Allo8#d Allo8#d
C+ Dou'tful(
$ot sure either way; a case where you do not
know any of the three means of knowledge
mentioned in B above
<+ fro" Mu%li" Mar-#t )#% Allo8#d Allo8#d Allo8#d
?+ fro" nonMu%li"(
i+ &ro'a'ility of Pi'h )#% Allo8#d Not Allo8#d Allo8#d
ii+ no &ro'a'ility of Pi'h No Not Allo8#d Not Allo8#d Not Allo8#d
According to
Ayatullah !eestani"
It is permissible to
trade in such items
with non#Muslims
D+ 0ig% and it% By0roduct% No Not Allo8#d Not Allo8#d Not Allo8#d
I5 I% hoarding of food it#"% allo8#d in I%la"J
A5 ;$oardingM "#an% %toring an it#" that i% in d#"and 8ith th# ho&# that it% &ric# 8ill
incr#a%#+ It i% Haraam to hoard th# co""on food it#"% that ar# lo8 in %u&&ly and high in
d#"and+ 0ro&h#t Muha""ad 4%+a+8+8+5 %aid9 ;Non# hoard% th# food it#"% #Bc#&t th#
%inn#r+M (As#!uduu%" Man &a 'ahduruhu (l#)a%ih" vol *" p +,-) Und#r an I%la"ic %y%t#"9 th#
go6#rn"#nt ha% th# right to forc# %uch a "#rchant to %#ll th# food it#"% at th# fair "ar-#t
6alu#+
NOTE( According to %o"# Shi:i %cholar%9 it i% al%o r#co""#nd#d to r#frain fro" hoarding
any nonfood co""odity that i% con%id#r#d a% a n#c#%%ity of lif# for &#o&l#+
I5 I% on# allo8#d 'y th# Shari:ah to 'uy co""oditi#% fro" a &#r%on 8ho ha% o'tain#d it 'y
8ay of ga"'ling or th#ftJ
A5 It i% Haraam to &urcha%# a thing 8hich ha% '##n ac3uir#d 'y "#an% of ga"'ling9 th#ft or a
6oid tran%action+
I5 I% th#r# any diff#r#nc# in th# Shari:ah &#r%&#cti6# a% r#gard% to ta-ing ;int#r#%tM in
'u%in#%% and ta-ing ;int#r#%tM in loanJ
A5 In I%la"ic la8%9 int#r#%t 4riba5 i% of t8o ty&#%(
4a5 Int#r#%t in Bu%in#%% and Trad#
Any 'u%in#%% d#al that ha% th# follo8ing thr## condition% 8ill '# con%id#r#d riba and9
th#r#for#9 haraam.
4i5 Th# co""odity and th# &ric# ar# of th# %a"# -ind+
4ii5 Th#y ar# thing% that ar# %old 'y 8#ight
4iii5 Th#y ar# thing% that ar# %old 'y "#a%ur#"#nt+
For #Ba"&l#9 %#lling <RR l'%+ Of 8h#at for <<R l'%+ of 8h#at 8ould '# con%id#r#d riba and
haraam no "att#r 8h#th#r th# &ay"#nt i% on %&ot or d#f#rr#d+
$o8#6#r9 if a &#r%on 8#r# to %#ll <RR l'%+ of 8h#at for <<R l'%+ of rai%in% or to %#ll <RR US
dollar% for <?C Canadian dollar%9 th#n it 8ould '# a l#giti"at# tran%action '#cau%# th#
it#"% ar# n#ith#r th# %a"# nor 8#igh#d or "#a%ur#d+ Thi% tran%action 8ill '# 6alid #6#n if
th# &ay"#nt i% d#f#rr#d+
Si"ilarly9 if a &#r%on 8#r# to %#ll a do!#n #gg% for fift##n #gg%9 th#n it 8ould '# a
l#giti"at# tran%action #6#n though th# it#"% ar# of th# %a"# -ind '#cau%# th#y ar# not
%old 'y 8#ight or "#a%ur#"#nt+ Thi% 8ould '# a l#giti"at# tran%action unl#%% th#
&ay"#nt ha% '##n d#f#rr#d+
To %#ll gold in #Bchang# for gold or %il6#r in #Bchang# for %il6#r 8ith incr#"#nt in th#
&ric# H 8h#th#r on %&ot or in d#f#rr#d for" H i% for'idd#n+
It %hould '# not#d that a "#rchant i% allo8#d to fiB t8o diff#r#nt &ric#% for th# %a"# it#"(
lo8#r &ric# for ca%h or high#r &ric# for th# &ay"#nt that i% d#f#rr#d to a fiB#d dat#+ Thi% i%
6alid only if th# "#rchant had fiB#d th# &ric# for th# d#f#rr#d &ay"#nt '#for#hand+ If th#
d#f#rr#d incr#a%#d &ric# i% n#gotiat#d during th# d#al it%#lf9 th#n it i% riba and i% not
&#r"i%%i'l#+ Mor#o6#r9 thi% only a&&li#% to it#"% that ar# not %old 'y 8#ight or
"#a%ur#"#nt> oth#r8i%#9 it i% con%id#r#d riba and i% not &#r"i%%i'l#+ $o8#6#r9 th#r# i%
no &ro'l#" in a tran%action in6ol6ing ad6anc# &ay"#nt and r#c#i6ing th# "#rchandi%#
lat#r a% long a% th# co""odity and th# &ric# 'oth ar# not in gold or %il6#r for"+
4'5 Int#r#%t in Loan
It i% haraam to charg# int#r#%t fro" a Mu%li" in loan+
A% far a% charging int#r#%t fro" a nonMu%li" i% conc#rn#d9 "o%t cont#"&orary
Mu/tahidin ha6# allo8#d it including Ayatullah A%Si%tani Da"a Dhilluhu+
Al%o according to th# "a/ority of our Mu/tahid%9 charging int#r#%t i% allo8#d '#t8##n
fath#r and childr#n9 and '#t8##n hu%'and and 8if#+
I5 ,indly #B&lain to "# th# t#r"inology of Iar!# $a%anaJ
A5 In th# ,hari-a al%/ar7u l%hasan 4a good loan5 i% gi6ing a loan 8ithout th# condition of
int#r#%t+ Thi% act i% con%id#r#d a 6#ry good d##d in I%la"+ Many ahadith %ay that th#
r#8ard for gi6ing charity i% "ulti&li#d t#n ti"#% 8h#r#a% th# r#8ard for gi6ing an int#r#%t
fr## loan i% "ulti&li#d #ight##n ti"#+
*i6ing %uch a loan i% con%id#r#d li-# gi6ing a loan to Al"ighty Allah 8ho i% going to &ay it
'ac- 8ith co"&ound int#r#%t( +Who $ill give a good loan to Allah so that He $ill multipl it
for him manifold8, and to Him ou shall return.2 4?(?AC5
Th#r# i% a "i%conc#&tion in our Co""uniti#% that +al%/ar7u l%hasan2 "#an% that th#
d#'tor do#% not ha6# to &ay it 'ac-9 and that th# cr#ditor %hould con%id#r it a% ;a 'ad
d#'tM+ Thi% i% a'%olut#ly a 8rong notion+ What a d#'tor do#% not ha6# to &ay 'ac- i%
-no8n a% charity9 not a loan+ In fact9 in al%/ar7u l%hasan it i% r#co""#nd#d for th# d#'tor
to &ay %o"#thing "or# to th# cr#ditor 8ho ha% gi6#n th# int#r#%tfr## loan to hi"+
I5 I% it allo8#d to d#&o%it "on#y in a nonMu%li" Ban- in ord#r to #arn int#r#%tJ
A5 It i% &#r"i%%i'l# to d#&o%it "on#y in a nonMu%li" 'an- 8ith th# condition of int#r#%t
'#cau%# it i% &#r"i%%i'l# to #arn int#r#%t fro" nonMu%li"%+
I5 I% it allo8#d to g#t a loan fro" a nonMu%li" Ban- 8ith th# condition of &aying int#r#%tJ
A5 On# can t#chnically g#t out of th# &rohi'ition 'y ta-ing th# "on#y fro" a nonMu%li"
Ban- 8ith th# int#ntion of istin/adh H that i%9 u%ing th# 8#alth of nonMu%li"% 8hich i%
a6aila'l# to you fro" th#" 8illingly9 according to th#ir o8n la8%+ In thi% ca%#9 u%# of that
"on#y 8ill '# &#r"i%%i'l# #6#n if on# 8ill '# forc#d to &ay int#r#%t+
CLARIFICATION 4&ro6id#d 'y Sayyid Muha""ad Ri!6i5
I ha6# 8ritt#n to Ayatullah Si%tani a'out ta-ing a loan in 8hich on# -no8% that h# 8ill #nd
u& &aying th# int#r#%t( i% it a %in to &ay int#r#%t in %uch a ca%# 8hich on# ha% i"&o%#d on
on#%#lfJ
$i% an%8#r 8a% that it i% not con%id#r#d a %in9 '#cau%# t#chnically9 h# con%id#r% th#
charging of int#r#%t 'y th# cr#ditor a% un/u%t and u%ur&ation+
For th# %a-# of clarification9 I 8ill tran%lat# th# 3u#%tion I 8rot# to
Ayatullah Si%tani and hi% an%8#r 4dat#d <? Sha'an <A<L5(
I+ 7In Minha/u% Salihiyn 46+ <9 &+ A@R59 you ha6# 8ritt#n that ta-ing a loan fro" a non
Mu%li" 'an- 8ith th# niyyat of i%tin3a! 4that i%9 ta-ing ad6antag# of a nonMu%li"2% 8#alth
8hich h# i% 8illingly &lacing at your di%&o%al5 i% &#r"i%%i'l#+ No8 %u&&o%# that a &#r%on
ta-#% %o"# "on#y fro" a nonMu%li" 'an- 8ith th# niyyat of i%tin3a! to 'uy a hou%# or to
in6#%t in a 'u%in#%% fully a8ar# that a% r#%ult h# 8ill ha6# to &ay int#r#%t 8h#n h# &ay%
'ac- th# "on#y to th# 'an- in thi% ca%#9 i% %uch a &#r%on co""itting a %in 'y &aying
th# int#r#%tJ E6#n though h# too- th# "on#y 8ith niyyat of in%tin3a!9 h# -n#8 that finally
h# 8ill #nd u& &aying "or# a% int#r#%t+7
A+ 7If h# ta-#% th# "on#y fro" th# 'an- not a% a loan 'ut 8ith niyyat of i%tin3a!9 th#n th#
#Btra that th# 'an- 8ill forc#fully ta-# fro" hi" i% not con%id#r#d a% int#r#%t '#cau%#
int#r#%t i% th# #Btra &ay"#nt 8hich i% a condition in loan+7
I5 What i% th# ruling a'out th# u%# of Cr#dit Card%J
A5 U%ing Cr#dit Card% a% a con6#ni#nt 8ay of %ho&&ing i% &#r"i%%i'l#+ $o8#6#r9 it i%
Haraam to d#lay th# &ay"#nt '#cau%# that #ntail% &aying of int#r#%t+ 4Of cour%#9 u%ing th#
conc#&t of istin/adh "#ntion#d a'o6#9 it 8ould '# &#r"i%%i'l# to u%# Cr#dit Card% a%
"#an% of g#tting a loan+
I5 A" I allo8#d to 'uy a car financ#d 'y th# Ban- and &ay 'ac- through in%tall"#nt% to th#
Ban- 8ith int#r#%tJ
A5 Ba%#d on u%ing th# conc#&t of istin/adh "#ntion#d a'o6#9 g#tting th# "on#y fro" a non
Mu%li" Ban- 8ould '# &#r"i%%i'l#+
NOTE( Sayyid Muha""ad Ri!6i 8rit#%(
$o8#6#r9 th# o&tion of ;l#a%# to o8nM i% &ro'a'ly th# '#%t fro" th# I%la"ic &oint of 6i#8>
you &ay "or# than th# nor"al &ric# 'ut it i% not a% int#r#%t+ L#t u% ho&# that thi% conc#&t
of ;l#a%# to o8nM i% "ad# a6aila'l# 'y th# Financial In%titution% to8ard% &urcha%#% of
ho"#%> thi% 8ill gr#atly #li"inat# th# &ro'l#" of &aying int#r#%t on ho"# "ortgag#%+
I5 I% it allo8#d to "a-# u%# of %#r6ic#% &ro6id#d 'y th# Ban-9 i+#+ tran%f#rring "on#y9 l#tt#r
of cr#dit9 #tc+ a% th#y i"&o%# charg#%J
A5 U%ing %uch %#r6ic#% of th# Ban- li-# tran%f#rring "on#y and o&#ning L#tt#r% of Cr#dit to
i"&ort good i% &#r"i%%i'l# and th# Ban-% ar# allo8#d to charg# co""i%%ion for th#ir &art
of th# /o'+
I5 Do#% th# Shari:ah allo8 8or-ing in th# Ban-% or Financial In%titution%J
A5 Th# acti6iti#% of a Ban- ar# di6id#d int8o( Halaal and Haraam.
Wor-ing in %#ction% 8h#r# int#r#%t i% in6ol6#d i% Harram. Th# #arning% r#c#i6#d fro"
%uch 8or- i% Haraam. Wor-ing in %#ction% 8h#r# int#r#%t i% not in6ol6#d i% Halaal. Thi%
ruling according to Ayatullah Si%tani i% r#l#6ant to Mu%li" Ban-% and cu%to"#r% only+
Th#r#for#9 if th# Ban- in 8hich in 8hich you ar# 8or-ing i% a nonMu%li" Ban- andKor th#
cu%to"#r% ar# nonMu%li"%9 th#n d#aling in int#r#%t 8ith th#" a% a Ban- #"&loy## i%
&#r"i%%i'l#> and th# #arning r#c#i6#d fro" thi% 8or- i% Halaal. (As#!istani" Minhaj" vol +" p ../)
I5 I% it &#r"i%%i'l# in in6#%ting 8ith Mutual Fund%9 th# Stoc- Mar-#t and Bond%J
A5 In6#%ting in Mutual Fund% and th# Stoc- Mar-#t in 8hich r#turn% ar# not guarant##d 8ould
'# &#r"i%%i'l#+ Such in6#%t"#nt%9 ho8#6#r9 could '#co"# Haraam '#cau%# of
%#condary r#a%on%( li-# if on# in6#%t% in a Co"&any that d#al% in Haraam co""odity9
%uch a% a Br#8#ry or Ca%ino+ Th# '#%t o&tion for a Mu%li" in6#%ting in Mutual Fund%
8ould '# th# ;#thical fund%M %inc# %uch fund% do not d#al in alcohol9 to'acco9 ga"'ling
or #n6iron"#ntally har"ful &roduct%+
Int#r#%t'#aring 'ond% 8ould '# allo8#d #Bc#&t fro" Mu%li" Ban-% a% &#r th# ruling of
Ayatullah Si%tani Da"aDhilluhu+
I5 I% it &#r"i%%i'l# to "a-# and trad# in %cul&tur#9 for #Ba"&l# %tatu#J
A5 It i% for'idd#n to "a-# a co"&l#t# %tatu# or %cul&tur# of a li6ing '#ing+ $o8#6#r9 th#r# i%
no &ro'l#" in 'uying or %#lling &ictur#% of %uch %tatu#% or %cul&tur#%9 #6#n though it i%
Makrooh. Ma-ing a %cul&tur# of a li"' 'y it%#lf i% &#r"i%%i'l#+
Dra8ing9 &ainting or car6ing a li6ing '#ing i% &#r"i%%i'l#+ Si"ilarly9 "a-ing %tatu#% or
%cul&tur#% of nonli6ing thing% li-# flo8#r% or tr##% i% &#r"i%%i'l#+
Scul&ting9 &ainting or dra8ing of li6ing or nonli6ing thing% or %y"'ol% that ar# u%#d a%
o'/#ct% of 8or%hi& 'y oth#r r#ligion% i% not allo8#d+ So "a-ing9 'uying or %#lling idol% or
r#ligiou% %y"'ol% %uch a% a cro%% 8ould not '# &#r"i%%i'l#+
I5 I% a Mu%li" allo8#d to &ur%u# l#gal &rof#%%ion to '#co"# and 8or- a% a la8y#rJ
A5 A% long a% Mu%li" la8y#r% do not g#t in6ol6#d in Haraam acti6iti#% in &ur%uing th#ir
car##r%9 th#n it i% &#r"i%%i'l# for th#" to 8or- a% la8y#r%+
I5 I% '#li#6ing and &racticing of th# &rof#%%ion of A%trology and 0al"i%try allo8#d in I%la"J
A5 It i% Haraam to "a-# horo%co&# and &r#dict th# futur# of &#o&l# 'y loo-ing at th#
"o6#"#nt or align"#nt of %tar%+ Thi% i%9 o'6iou%ly9 diff#r#nt fro" a%trono"y that i% a
&ro6#n %ci#nc#+ It i% al%o Haraam to '#li#6# in a%trology and &al"i%try+ A Mu%li" %hould
tru%t in th# int#llig#nc# that Allah ha% gi6#n to hi" or h#r9 8or- hard9 and r#ly for %ucc#%%
on Di6in# grac# 4ta$fi/5+
ISTA,$ARA
It i% 8orth "a-ing a not# on 9stakhara 8hich "#an% %##-ing *od:% h#l& in "a-ing a
d#ci%ion 'y &raying to *od through th# "asbih 4&ray#r '#ad5 or th# Iur:an+ Fir%tly9
9stakhara i% only r#l#6ant in i%%u#% 8hich ar# r#ligiou%ly &#r"i%%i'l# 8h#r# a &#r%on ha% a
choic# to do or not to do+ Th#r# can '# no 9stakhara in i%%u#% 8hich ar# o'ligatory or
for'idd#n in I%la"+ S#condly9 th#r# i% a fa"ou% %aying that al%istashara /abla al%istakhara
( %##-ing coun%#l co"#% '#for# %##-ing istakhara- 8hich "#an% that on# %hould u%# hi%
or h#r o8n int#llig#nc# and -no8l#dg# to d#cid# on th# i%%u# at hand> and if h# or %h#
do#% not -no8 a'out that i%%u#9 th#n h# or %h# %hould con%ult and %##- coun%#l fro"
tho%# 8ho ha6# #B&#rti%# in that fi#ld+ Aft#r all th# con%ultation%9 if th#r# i% %till dou't and
confu%ion9 th#n on# "ay do istakhara+
I5 Can a Mu%li" /oin th# 0olic# or Ar"#d Forc#% of a nonMu%li" *o6#rn"#ntJ
A5 Any trad#9 'u%in#%% or &rof#%%ion that in6ol6#d 9-anatu 6%6alama H h#l&ing th#
o&&r#%%or% i% for'idd#n and con%id#r#d a% on# of th# Ma/or Sin% in I%la"+ Th# Iur:an
%ay%( +:o not be in)lined to$ards those $ho are unjust other$ise the ;ire of Hell $ill get
ou.2 4<<(<@5+
So %#lling any ar"%9 a""unition or a&&aratu% of o&&r#%%ion to an o&&r#%%i6# 4non
Mu%li" or Mu%li"5 *o6#rn"#nt i% a'%olut#ly Haraam. Si"ilarly9 8or-ing for an un/u%t and
o&&r#%%i6# *o6#rn"#nt in th# D#&art"#nt% that ar# u%#d to o&&r#%% th# &#o&l# i% Haraam
for th# follo8#r% of Ahlu OlBayt 4a+%+5+
Th#r#for#9 Mu%li"% 8ho 8ould li-# to /oin th# La8Enforcing Ag#nci#% %hould %#riou%ly
%tudy th# %y%t#" or th# In%titution in th#ir countri#% '#for# d#ciding to /oin+ Th# 3u#%tion
th#y %hould a%- th#"%#l6#% i%( Will I '#co"# a tool of o&&r#%%ion of th# un/u%t
*o6#rn"#nt9 or 8ill I '# a Ci6il S#r6ant %#r6ing th# &#o&l# in th# tru# %#n%#J If th# an%8#r
to th# fir%t &art of th# 3u#%tion i% ;y#%M9 th#n do not &ur%u# that car##r> if th# an%8#r to
th# %#cond &art of th# 3u#%tion i% ;y#%M9 th#n you "ay acc#&t+
Th# %a"# 8ould '# guid#lin# for tho%# 8ho 8ould li-# to &artici&at# in th# &olitical
&roc#%% of th# 8#%t#rn d#"ocraci#%+ If th#y ar# confid#nt that th#y 8ill %#r6# th# &#o&l#9
#%&#cially th#ir 'r#thr#n in faith9 th#n th#y can &artici&at# in th# &olitical &roc#%%+ But if
th#y r#ali!# that th#y 8ill '#co"# a tool of o&&r#%%ion in an un/u%t *o6#rn"#nt9 th#n th#y
ha6# to %t##r a8ay fro" that &olitical &roc#%%+
S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
0eferences: Islamic &aws" 1urrent &egal Issues" 1ontemporary &egal 0ulings in !hi2is &aw and A 1ode
of 3ractice for Muslims in the 4est of Ayatullah Al#!eestani 5ama 5hilluhu
6usiness 7thics in Islam by !ayyid Muhammad 0i8vi
9uestions answered by !ayyid Muhammad 0i8vi : Ahlul 6ayt (Aalim $etwork

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