Unit-1

1 Distinguish between the terms: Effective length and effective area and deduce the relation between
them.
2. Find the effective length of a antenna.
3. What is effective length of an antenna? Determine the effective length of a half wave dipole antenna.
4. Define antenna beam width and directivity and obtain relation between them.
5. Explain the significance of principle planes in the description of radiation pattern of antennas. Hence
define and distinguish between horizontal and vertical plane patterns, E and H plane patterns.
6. What are the principle planes? How the antenna beam width is defined in such planes?
7. Define directivity. Obtain directivity of an isotropic antenna, short dipole and wave dipole.
8. As related to antennas, define and explain the following terms:
Gain, Directivity, Radiation resistance, Effective area, Effective length, Efficiency, Beam width.
Unit-2
1 Drive the expression for electric field in case of short current element and hence obtain condition for the
field to be in Fraunhofer region.
2. Derive an expression for radiation resistance of a loop antenna.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of loop antenna?
4. Define and explain retarded potentials.
5. Assuming expressions of radiation fields for alternating current element find out its radiation
resistance. Explain the significance of the term Radiation resistance.
6. Write down the components of electric and magnetic fields for an electric dipole
7. What are short magnetic dipoles? How is it realized?
8. Define reciprocity theorem and prove it in case of an antenna system.
9. Derive the expression for vector magnetic and scalar electric potentials. Explain the concept of retarded
potentials.
10. Define the terms electrostatic fields, induction field and radiation fields of an antenna and bring out
their significance.


Unit-3
1 Compare the broadside and an end fire arrays
2 what is array factor? Find array factor of two element array?
3 Derive an array factor of an uniform linear array of N identical elements.
4. Explain the principle of multiplication of patterns.
5. Compute the principle beam width for broadside and end fire array.
6. What are linear arrays? Compare broadside array and end fire array.
7. Explain the concept of scanning arrays
8. Explain principal of stacked arrays. What is the requirement of tapering of arrays?
Unit-4
1 Describe the construction and properties of rhombic antenna.
2 Discuss the merits and demerits of travelling wave antenna.
3. Explain the effect of ground on rhombic antenna.
4. Explain how a rhombic antenna is formed by a V antenna and inverted V antenna.
5. Explain the reason why the lengths of travelling wave antennas is multiple of half wavelengths.
6. Derive an expression for electric field of a non-resonant antenna of length l carrying current.
7. Show that single wire excited with a travelling wave current is an end fire antenna with a sharp null
along the direction of extension of wire.
8. Sketch and explain constructional features of a helical antenna.
Unit-5
1 Describe Cassegrain feed mechanism of a parabolic reflector.
2. Explain the characteristics of an active square corner reflector with the help of image principle.
3. Distinguish between spherical and cylindrical paraboloids.
4. What is optimum spacing used in parasitic array? Why?
5. Explain how the radiation pattern of folded dipole will be modified with the addition of a reflector and
two directors parasitic elements.
6. Explain the difference between driven and parasitic elements in an array.
7. Explain the principle of formation of images in an active corner reflector antenna. Hence sketch the
image formation for a 45 corner reflector and explain its features.
Unit-6
1 Distinguish between sectoral, pyramidal and conical horns. Explain their utility.
2. What is principle of equality of path length? How is it applicable to horn antennas? Obtain an
expression for the directivity of a pyramidal horn in terms of its aperture dimensions.
3. With reference to lens antennas, explain the following
a. E-plane metal plate lens antenna
b. Linearly tapered and exponentially tapered horns
c. Dielectirc lenses
4. Explain the significance, merits and demerits of zoning in lens antennas.
5. What is the principle of equality of path length? How it is applicable to horn antenna?
6. Write a note on dielectric lens antenna.
Unit-7
1 Explain the procedure for measuring the radiation pattern of a half wave dipole.
2. Explain the absolute method for measuring the gain of an antenna.
3. How the antenna aperture efficiency can be measured? Correlate the aperture efficiency and the
directivity of an antenna.
4. Explain the first transmission formula and its applicability for antenna gain measurement.
5. How is the field pattern of antenna experimentally determined? Explain with neat diagram.
6. Describe the measurement procedures to obtain directive gain of an antenna. State clearly precautions
to be taken.
7. With a neat setup, explain absolute method of measuring gain of an antenna.
8. Briefly explain the impedance measurement of an antenna using slotted line method.




Unit-8
1 What are the factors that lead to fading and attenuation in ionosphere propagation?
2. Define and distinguish between the terms MUF, LUHF, and optimum frequency.
3. Describe in detail the characteristics, frequency range and distance of coverage for each mode of radio
wave propagation
4. Discuss the theory of formation of ionosphere regions. Describe the properties of different ionosphere
regions with special reference to seasonal variations.
5. Establish the effects of D-layer in sky wave propagation.
6. Write short notes on 1) D-layer 2) Atmospheric noise 3) Sporadic-E layer
7. What is angle of tilt? How does it affect the field strength at a distance from the transmitter?
8. Discuss the following. 1) Ionospheric storms 2) Sudden ionosphere disturbances.
9. Discuss the reasons for filed strength reduction in the sky wave propagation.
10. List the effects of D-layer in sky wave propagation.