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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

RF Design for CDMA2000 1x based


IBC site








Siam Discovery, Siam Center
And
Siam Car Park






















Version 0.1 NDC Confidential RF & Wireless Planning Group
Page 1 of 19 Oct. 2001
In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

Executive Summary


Over the past several years, the high cellular growth rates have focused operators on
the capacity and quality of their networks. Improving indoor coverage is an important
step towards meeting customer's expectations. By choosing the correct design
philosophy, an indoor system will improve call quality also increase capacity.

One approach for In-Building coverage is to increase the ambient power of the
outdoor Macrocellular system, allowing signals to penetrate outer walls and provide
coverage within buildings. This method is used with limited success, due to the wide
variation of building penetration loss.

In order to provide high quality In-Building cellular service, it is necessary to
place the coverage within the building using appropriate designs.

Several methods of In-Building coverage solutions exist using passive coax, active
coax, fibre optics, Pico RF heads and hybrid combinations of these types. Each
approach has a unique set of attributes, which makes it most suited for a particular
application.

In this document we have discussed In-Building coverage (IBC) design for Siam
Discovery, Siam Centre and Siam Car Park using Passive RF Distribution based on
CDMA 2000 1x technology.

There are 7 levels in Siam discovery including the basement car park. Level 7 to
level 30 are office floors of Siam tower that are not covered in this proposal. Siam
Centre has 4 levels of shopping plaza and one level of car park. The separate Siam
Car Park building has 12 levels of car park including basement. Each car park level is
splitted into two levels namely A and B.

Our design is based on actual propagation test performed at 800Mhz inside the
building under consideration and using standard CDMA design equation which takes
into consideration effects of coverage-capacity trade off, link E
b
/N
o
performance
,
log
normal shadowing, load characterizations, power control allocation and hand off
parameters.

Computer simulation for CDMA inbuilding cell planning is not a popular technique as
simulating in-building losses due to different kinds of obstructions and dynamics
generated by the movement of people is virtually impossible to model. NDC strongly
feels that the technique used by us will produce results, which will be very close to
practical performance.

In the proposed design, we plan to cover three buildings Siam Discovery, Siam
Centre and Siam Car Park. The main design criterion is to support 90% of coverage
area with FER better than 2% for voice traffic. All the design criterions are discussed
in detail separately. In our design we have proposed 115 (112 omni and 3 panel)
antennas to make sure we will get -80dBm (-85 dBm in car park) of pilot received
power in coverage probability of 90%. As all the technical specifications for BTS are
not available there could be 10% to 15% variation in number of antennas to optimise
the design so as to suit the BTS selected by BFKT.

Based on the traffic analysis two BTS are proposed for covering the desired area.
BTS-1 is proposed in the basement level of Siam Discovery. BTS-2 is proposed in
the basement level of Siam Centre to cater Siam centre shopping floors, Siam centre
Version 0.1 NDC Confidential RF & Wireless Planning Group
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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

basement car park and Siam Car Park building. RF distribution system using passive
components is proposed to cover the 3 buildings. It is assumed that we will get
permission to install the feeders along the walkway between Siam Car Park and
Siam Centre. Otherwise an alternative solution such as optical fiber repeater will be
used to connect these buildings.

BTS 1 is proposed with one sector to cover Siam Discovery. BTS-2 Sector 1 and
Sector 2 will be serving Siam Centre and sector 3 will be used to cover Siam Car
Park. Figure- (1.1) shows, proposed sectorisation plan for IBC sites. Our design is
flexible enough to be converted to a multi carrier traffic allocation (MCTA) or if
required with a small change we can sectorise the site to support the required
capacity. We have also presented detail analysis to support 9.6 Kbps voice traffic in
the coverage area. Coverage range for Circuit Switch and Packet switched data
traffic for 9.6 Kbps and 76.8 Kbps is also presented. The detailed coverage planning
and capacity calculation is also discussed in the report.

Once the site is integrated and is on air, optimisation will be undertaken to improve
the performance of site.






Figure- (1.1) In-Building Solution for Siam Discovery, Siam Centre & Car Park













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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL


(1.0) Introduction

The CDMA2000 Radio Transmission Technology (RTT) is a wideband, spread
spectrum radio interface that uses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology
to meet the needs of the next generation of wireless communication systems. This
RTT meets or rather exceeds the requirements of IMT2000 and is also compatible
with the current TIA/EIA-95-A/B family of standards.

The key design characteristics of CDMA2000 are:

Backward compatibility with IS-95A/B.

o Overlay upgrade in N=1 and N=3 Multicarrier (MC)
o Support of IS-95A/B signalling
o Support of IS-95A/B services as well as new services
o Spreading of bandwidths compatible with IS-95A/B deployments

Fully supports handoff to and from existing systems

Support of different RF channel bandwidths of the form Nx1.2288 MHz where
N=1, 3, 6, 9,12

o 1.2288 Mcps
o 3.6864 Mcps
o 7.3728 Mcps
o 11.0592 Mcps
o 14.7456 Mcps

Includes an advanced medium access control (MAC) layer

Supports different quality of service (QOS) characteristics

Have FDD and TDD modes of operation.

CDMA 2000 radio link parameters are summarised in the table below:

Bandwidth (MHz) 1.25, 5, 10, 15, 20
FL Structure Direct Spread or Multi-Carrier
Chip rate (Mcps) 1.228, 3.6864, 7.3728, 11.0593, 14.7456
Muticarrier N x 1.2288 for N=1,3 , 6, 9,12
Spreading code Walsh code Psedo noise code
Modulation QPSK (FL) , QPSK/(Pi/2), BPSK(RL)
Coherent detection
Pilot time multiplexed PC (RL). Common continous pilot channel and
auxiliary pilot (FL)
Channel coding
Convolutional code (R=1/2, 1/3, K=9) Turbo code R=1/2, 1/3, 1/4, K=4
for high rate.
Diversity Multi carrier transmit diversity, orthogonal transmit diversity
Power control Open loop and fast close loop (800 Hz)

Table (1.1)


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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

(1.1) Hardware Description


The architecture of CDMA 2000 network is shown below; which is self-explanatory.




(1.2) Advantages of CDMA 2000

Solutions are globally recognized and meet the adopted international
standards.
Solutions are readily available in quick time and meet industry expectations.
It has Spectrum flexibility, efficiency and it is cost effective.
This technology is a seamless and cost effective migration from todays
systems.
It has got broad range of competitively priced devices for end users
(consumers and enterprises).
It has got broad range of applications for end users.


For these reasons CDMA 2000 cellular system is beneficial for the mobile operators.














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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

(2.0) Proposed IBC Design Criterion


90% of FER samples measured over the coverage area shall be equal to or
less than 2%.

90% of received level samples measured over the coverage area shall be
equal to or better than -80 dBm (-85 dBm in car park).

CDMA 2000 1x network indoor performance: The network shall provide 144
kbps average throughputs in the 10% (35%?) of the coverage area.

Call set up success:

o Stationary environment - equal to or greater than 98%.
o Mobile environment - equal to or greater than 95%.

Call drop ratio: equal to or less than 2%.

Proper Handover at entrance and exits.

IBC cell not dominant on the main street around the building.



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(3. 0) System Design


The design area includes 3 buildings, Siam Discovery, Siam Centre and Siam
Car Park. Siam tower, which has 23 floors of office, is excluded from the
coverage area for the time.

The system uses CDMA 2000 as the core technology.

The CDMA 800MHz with 8 Kbps vocoder has 23 voice channels that
corresponds to 15 Erlang (approx) at 2% GOS.

The system will provide service for the staff of the shopping complex and the
customers.


The cdma2000 specifications are in the table below :


Parameter Specification
Multiple access CDMA
Modulation DQPSK
Mobile demodulation OQPSK
Channel Bandwidth 1.25 MHz
Forward channel frequency Band 869-894 MHz
Reverse channel Frequency Band 824-849 Mhz
Separated channel frequency Band 45 Mhz
Data rate 9600 bps
Processing gain 21.07
Users per RF channel 23 Digital with 8Kbpsvocoding

Table (3.1)

(3.1) Assumptions


Mobile Transmit Power of 21 dBm is used in the link budget.

Mobile Antenna Gain is assumed to be 0 dBi.

Receiver Noise Figure is considered as 5 dB for Motorola 800MHz CDMA
2000 1x BTS.

Reverse Link Eb/No: 5.9 dB is the average reverse link E
b
/N
o
required to
achieve a 2% FER.

BTS Antenna Gain: 2 dBi.



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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

BTS Receiver Sensitivity is -123.7 dBm corresponding with 5 dB noise
figure and 5.9 dB E
b
/N
o
.

BTS Cable and Connector Losses: Typical Loss of 25 dB is considered for
Antenna Distribution System.

Soft Handoff Gain is 6.1 dB for two cells in handoff.

Body Loss: Typical Value of 3 dB is used.

Traffic Loading Margin: This degradation of Link Budget is caused by the
Noise Rise due to Traffic Loading. Value of 7dB is taken for reverse link
calculations.

Pilot Power: Motorola 800 MHz CDMA 2000 1x BTS Transmitter is taken as
36 dBm.


(3.2) Network Dimensioning

Per-sector capacity Calculation: The capacity of a CDMA cellular system per
sector is calculated as per the following formula:


C = [1+(PG x F x S) / (V x E
b
/N
o
)] x L -- (3.1)

Where C is number of users/sector

PG is Processing Gain which equals chip rate/ bit rate
i.e.10 x log(1228.8/9.600) = 21.1 dB

F is 0.65 frequency reuse factor

V is 0.40 Voice activity factor

S is 0.85 (for 3 sector sites) sectorization factor

E
b
/N
o
is 5.9 dB

L is Loading factor

Assuming 50% loading for inbuilding areas. The capacity at 2% GOS is 15
Erlang.



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Capacity Calculation
Numeric value
Processing Gain PG in dB 21.1 129
Frequency reuse facor F 0.65
Voice activity factor V 0.4
Sectorization Factor S 0.85
Energy per bit to noise ratio Eb/No in dB 5.9 3.89
Loading for inbilding scenario L 50%
Capacity( Number of users /sector) Channels 23.4
Traffic in Erlangs(at 2% GOS) 15

Table (3.2)



The capacity supported by different BTS configuration is given in the table (3.3)
below;

Traffic Capacity for BTS configuration
(Erlang B table with 2% GOS)
BTS Configuration No. of TRx's
Available Traffic
Channels
Erlang
supported
1,0,0 1 23 15.0
1,1,0 2 46 30.0
1,1,1 3 69 45.0

Table (3.3)
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NDC Confidential RF & Wireless Planning Group
Oct. 2001


Table (3.3)
In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

Version 0.1
Page 10 of 19
Traffic calculation for Individual buildings

Name of the Building Siam Car Park Siam Center Siam Discovery
No of floor to be covered floors 12 5 7
Dimension of each floor (approx.) m 170 x 24 170 x 50 70 x 50
Total Area of In-Building Coverage
Sq. m 48960 42,500 24,500
The Footfall count per day
Peoples 8000 20,000 15,000
Normal Population In-Building
Peoples 200 2000 1200
Penetration of Operator
Percent 25% 25% 25%
Number of Subscribers Subs. 50 500 300
Erlang per Subscriber (Erl) Erl. 0.04 0.04 0.04
Total Traffic in (Erl) Erl. 2 20 12
No. of TRx required to support total traffic TRx 1 2 1
Product that can support this configuration BTS Type Motorola BTS Motorola BTS Motorola BTS

Summary: 2 BTS are proposed. BTS 1 is proposed in Siam Discovery with 1 TRx.
BTS 2 is proposed in Siam Centre with 3 sectors with 1 TRx each.
In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL



(3.3) Coverage-Capacity Trade Off:

Cell radius depends on the interference and therefore on the numbers of
transmitting users within the cells and their services.
A given coverage is directly linked with certain traffic within the cell. Cell
shrinking in case of increasing number of active users is called cell breathing.
Coverage and capacity cannot be treated separately.




Cell range
depends on Cell
Load
Number of users
dependent on
cell range

Cell load depends
on number of users
within the cell





The range performance of a CDMA system is determined by its link budget and path
loss in the environment it encounters. The following link budget is used to understand
the performance of forward link and reverse link.



(3.3.1) Path loss Model

In the same way that the Okumara-Hata model has been developed semi-empirically
for macrocell coverage predictions, the Keenan-Motley model has been developed
for indoor wave propagation predictions. COST 231 has accepted this model. The
simplified equation is

L = 31.5 + 20log(d) + N
w
W -- (3.1)

Where;

L is the path loss between isotropic antennas (dB).
D is the transmitter receiver separation (m).
N
w
is the number of walls passed by the direct ray.
W is the wall attenuation factor (dB)


The approximate formula considering wall loss of 0.2 dBm could be taken as;

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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

L
p
(dB) = 50 +0.5 x D -- (3.2)

Where;

D is the distance in meters
Lp is the total loss (propagation plus walls)

This gives good approximation within 10-50 meters.


For scenario like Bangkok the wall attenuation factor is assumed to be 0.5 dBm
which is also in agreement with the measured results.

The approximate formula considering wall loss of 0.5 dBm could be taken as;

L
p
(dB) = 50 + 0.8 x D -- (3.3)



Figure (3.1) below shows the path loss as a function of distance using standard
Keenan-Motleys equation.

Indoor Propagation, 800 MHz
(Wall Loss 0.5 dB/m)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 10 100
Distance (m)
T
o
t
a
l

P
a
t
h

L
o
s
s
,

L
p

(
d
B
)
Approx. Formula Lp (dB)= 50+ 0.8 D
Where D= distamce in meters
Lp= Total loss (propagation plus walls)
Good approximation within 10-50m

Figure (3.1)
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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL


Version 0.1 NDC Confidential RF & Wireless Planning Group
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Parameter Symbol Unit Forward Link ReverseLink
Frequency of Operation
Fo
M Hz 800.00 800.00
Chip Rate Rc Mchip/s 1.2288 1.2288
Channel Bit Rate (8K Vocoder) R
b
Bits/sec 9600 9600
Body Loss L
B dB 3 3
Avarage TX Power Per Traffice Channel P
TX, avg dBm 33.1 21
Maximum TX Power Per Traffice Channel P
TX, max dBm 33.1 21
Maximum Total TX Power P
TX, tot dBm 47 21
Maximum Traffic Channel Fraction of Total Power E
c
/I
or dB -13.9 0
Cable, Connector and Combiner Losses at the TX. L
TX dB 25 0
TX Antenna Gain G
TX dBi 2 0
TX EIRP per Traffice Channel P
EIRP dbm 7.1 18
Total TX EIRP P
EIRP, tot dbm 24 18
RX Antenna Gain G
RX dBi 0 2
Cabe and Connector Loss L
RX dB 0 25
Receiver Noise Figure N
F dB 5 5
Thermal Noise Density N
O dBm/Hz -174 -174
Rise Over Thermal 3 7
RX Interference Density I
O dBm/Hz -169 -163
Total Effective Noise plus Interference Density dBm/Hz -166 -162
Information Rate 10 Log (R
b
) dBHz 39.82 39.82
Required E
b
/(N
o
+ I
o
) E
b
/(N
o
+ I
o
) dB 5.9 5
RX Seneitivity P
RX, min dB -117.28 -117.18
Handover Gain G
HO dB 7.3 6.1
Explicit Diversity Gain G
div dB 0 0
Other Gain G
other dB 0 0
Log - Normal Fade Margin dB 15.2 15.2
Maximum Path Loss
L
max dB 116.48 103.08
Maximum Range
d
max m 83 66

(3.3.2) Path Loss and Link Budget Calculation for Voice


NDC Confidential RF & Wireless Planning Group
Oct. 2001
In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL


Version 0.1
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Parameter Symbol Unit Forward Link ReverseLink Forward Link ReverseLink Forward Link ReverseLink Forward Link ReverseLink
Frequency of Operation
Fo
M Hz 800.00 800.00 800.00 800.00 800.00 800.00 800.00 800.00
Chip Rate Rc Mchip/s 1.2288 1.2288 1.2288 1.2288 1.2288 1.2288 1.2288 1.2288
Channel Bit Rate R
b Bits/sec 76800 76800 9600 9600 76800 76800 9600 9600
Body Loss L
B dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Avarage TX Power Per Traffice Channel P
TX, avg dBm 33.1 21 33.1 21 33.1 21 33.1 21
Maximum TX Power Per Traffice Channel P
TX, max dBm 33.1 21 33.1 21 33.1 21 33.1 21
Maximum Total TX Power P
TX, tot dBm 47 21 47 21 47 21 47 21
Maximum Traffic Channel Fraction of Total Power E
c
/I
or dB -13.9 0 -13.9 0 -13.9 0 -13.9 0
Cable, Connector and Combiner Losses at the TX. L
TX dB 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0
TX Antenna Gain G
TX dBi 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
TX EIRP per Traffice Channel P
EIRP dbm 10.1 21 10.1 21 10.1 21 10.1 21
Total TX EIRP P
EIRP, tot dbm 24 21 24 21 24 21 24 21
RX Antenna Gain G
RX dBi 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2
Cabe and Connector Loss L
RX dB 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25
Receiver Noise Figure N
F dB 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Thermal Noise Density N
O dBm/Hz -174 -174 -174 -174 -174 -174 -174 -174
Rise Over Thermal 3 7 3 7 7 7 7 7
RX Interference Density I
O dBm/Hz -169 -163 -169 -163 -163 -163 -163 -163
Total Effective Noise plus Interference Density dBm/Hz -166 -162 -166 -162 -162 -162 -162 -162
Information Rate 10 Log (R
b
) dBHz 48.85 48.85 39.82 39.82 48.85 48.85 39.82 39.82
Required E
b
/(N
o
+ I
o
) E
b
/(N
o
+ I
o
) dB 5.9 3.5 5.9 2.5 5.9 3 5.9 2
RX Seneitivity P
RX, min dB -111.25 -109.65 -120.28 -119.68 -107.25 -110.15 -116.28 -120.18
Handover Gain G
HO dB 7.3 6.1 7.3 6.1 7.3 6.1 7.3 6.1
Explicit Diversity Gain G
div dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Gain G
other dB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Log - Normal Fade Margin dB 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
Maximum Path Loss
L
max dB 113.45 98.55 122.48 108.58 109.45 99.05 118.48 109.08
Maximum Range
d
max m 79 61 91 73 74 61 86 74
Circuit Switched Data Packet Switched Data

(3.3.3) Link Budget for Circuit Switched and Packet Switched Data



In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL



(3.3.4) Link Budget Description

The following sections provide descriptions of the individual link budget template
items. Descriptions apply to both forward and reverse links unless specifically stated
otherwise. For the forward link the base station is the transmitter and the mobile
station the receiver. For the reverse link the mobile station is the transmitter and the
base station the receiver.
Average Transmitter Power Per Traffic Channel (dBm)
The average transmitter power per traffic channel is defined as the mean of the
total transmitted power over an entire transmission cycle with maximum
transmitted power when transmitting.
Maximum Transmitter Power Per Traffic Channel (dBm)
Maximum transmitter power per traffic channel is defined as the total power at the
transmitter output for a single traffic channel. A traffic channel is defined as a
communication path between a mobile station and a base station used for user
and signalling traffic. The term traffic channel implies a forward traffic channel
and reverse traffic channel pair.
Maximum Total Transmitter Power (dBm)
Maximum total transmit power is the aggregate maximum transmit power of all
channels.
Cable, Connector, and Combiner Losses (Transmitter) (dB)
These are the combined losses of all transmission system components between
the transmitter output and the antenna input (all losses in positive dB values). The
value is fixed in the template.
Transmitter Antenna Gain (dBi)
Transmitter antenna gain is the maximum gain of the transmitter antenna in the
horizontal plane (specified as dB relative to an isotropic radiator). The value is
fixed in the template.
Transmitter EIRP Per Traffic Channel (dBm)
This is the summation of transmitter power output per traffic channel (dBm),
transmission system losses (-dB), and the transmitter antenna gain (dBi), in the
direction of maximum radiation. The equation is

P
EIRP
= P
TX, Max
- L
TX
+ G
TX
-- (3.4)

Total Transmitter EIRP (dBm)
This is the summation of the total transmitter power (dBm), transmission system
losses (-dB), and the transmitter antenna gain (dBi). The equation for forward
link is

P
EIRP, TOTAL
= P
TX, Max
- L
TX
+ G
TX
-- (3.4)

And L
b
is subtracted from the equation for reverse link.

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Receiver Antenna Gain (dBi)
Receiver antenna gain is the maximum gain of the receiver antenna in the
horizontal plane (specified as dB relative to an isotropic radiator).

Cable, Connector, and Splitter Losses (Receiver) (dB)
These are the combined losses of all transmission system components between
the receiving antenna output and the receiver input (all losses in positive dB
values). The value is fixed in the template.

Receiver Noise Figure (dB)
Receiver noise figure is the noise figure of the receiving system referenced to the
receiver input. The value is fixed in the template.

Thermal Noise Density, N
o
(dBm/Hz)
Thermal noise density, No, is defined as the noise power per Hertz at the receiver
input. Note that (h) is logarithmic units and (H) is linear units. The value is fixed in
the template.

Receiver Interference Density is I
o
(dBm/Hz)
Receiver interference density is the interference power per Hertz at the receiver
front end. This is the in-band interference power divided by the system
bandwidth. The in-band interference power consists of both co-channel
interference as well as adjacent channel interference. Thus, the receiver and
transmitter spectrum masks must be taken into account. Note that (i) is
logarithmic units and (I) is linear units. Receiver interference density I
o
for
forward link is the interference power per Hertz at the mobile station receiver
located at the edge of coverage, in an interior cell.

Total Effective Noise Plus Interference Density (dBm/Hz)
Total effective noise plus interference density (dBm/Hz) is the logarithmic sum of
the receiver noise density and the receiver noise figure and the arithmetic sum
with the receiver interference density, i.e.

N
T
= 10 x log (10
(Io/10)
+ 10
((No+NF) / 10)
) -- (3.5)

Information Rate is 10 log(R
b
) (dBHz)
Information rate is the channel bit rate in (dBHz); the choice of R
b
must be
consistent with the E
b
assumptions.
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Rise Over thermal
Noise rise is a result of in-cell and out-of-cell interference. Link Budget includes
these value to indicate the level of cell shrinkage that is expected from a given
loading. Typical performance curve for the reverse link in CDMA system is shown
in figure (3.2).

Noise Rise Vs Loading
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Loading (%)
N
o
i
s
e

R
i
s
e

(
d
B
)
Figure (3.2)
Required E
b
/(N
o
+I
o
) (dB)
The ratio between the received energy per information bit to the total effective
noise and interference power density needed to satisfy the quality objectives
specified in Table 1.0 under condition of section 1.2.2 channel model. Power
control should not exceed the ceiling established by the sum of the log-normal
fade margin plus hand-off gain. Note: Diversity gains included in the E
b
/(N
o
+I
o
)
requirement should be specified here to avoid double counting. The translation of
the threshold error performance to E
b
/(N
o
+I
o
) performance depends on the
particular multipath conditions assumed.
Receiver Sensitivity (dBm)
This is the signal level needed at the receiver input that just satisfies the required
E
b
/(N
o
+I
o
). The equation for reverse link is

P
RXmin
= N
T
+ 10 log(R
b
) + E
b
/(N
o
+I
o
) + L
B
-- (3.6)

And there is no L
B
calculated for forward link.

Handover Gain/Loss (dB)
This is the gain/loss factor (+ or -) brought by hand-off to maintain specified
reliability at the boundary. Assume equal average loss to each of the two cells.
The handoff gain/loss shall be calculated for 50% shadowing correlation. The
proponent must state explicitly the other assumptions made about hand-off in
determining the hand-off gain.
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In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL


Explicit Diversity Gain (dB)
This is the effective gain achieved using diversity techniques. It should be
assumed that the correlation coefficient is zero between received paths. Note:
Diversity gain should not be double counted. For example, if the diversity gain is
included in the E
b
/(N
o
+I
o
) specification, it should not be included here.
Other Gain (dB)
An additional gain may be achieved due to future technologies. For instance,
Space Diversity Multiple Access (SDMA) may provide an excess antenna gain.
Assumptions made to derive this gain must be given by the proponent.

Log-Normal Fade Margin (dB)
The lognormal fade margin is defined at the cell boundary for isolated cells. This
is the margin required to provide a specified coverage availability over the
individual cells.
Maximum Path Loss (dB)
This is the maximum loss that permits minimum performance at the cell
boundary. The equation is

L
MAX
= P
EIRP
P
RX,min
+ G
RX
- L
RX
+ G
div
+ G
HO
+ G
other
-

Maximum Range (km)
The maximum range is computed for each deployment scenario. Maximum
range, R
max
, is given by the range associated with the maximum path loss. The
equations to determine path loss are given in section 3.2 of this document.






















Version 0.1 NDC Confidential RF & Wireless Planning Group
Page 18 of 19 Oct. 2001
In Building Coverage Design for CDMA DIGITAL

(4.0) Conclusion

I. After analysing the traffic for Siam Centre and Siam Car Park we have
concluded that, we need 2 TRxs and 1 TRx respectively to support the traffic
requirement. It is also understood that the capacity of TRx used for Siam car
park may not be loaded significantly.

II. 1 TRx is proposed for Siam Discovery.

III. Our analysis shows that we can support 23-users/ sector of 9.6 Kbps of voice
traffic.

IV. We have also done analysis for data support by the system. However, we could
not conclude the exact number of channels the system can support with
specified data rates as E
b
/N
o
requirements for the different bit rates is not
available.

V. Detailed design for 3 buildings is enclosed. We require 115 antennas (112 omni
and 3 panel) to cover the committed area.

VI. Detailed design of Antenna Distribution System is enclosed in the following
sections.

Sections-2: Site Information, Solution Description and Building Photographs.
Sections-3: Equipment floor layout.
Sections-4: Location of Antennas
Sections-5: Proposed BTS location
Sections-6: Indoor Descriptions
Sections-7: RNP Design
Sections-8: Site Specific Installation Instruction
Sections-A1: Technical specification (Appendix-1)










Version 0.1 NDC Confidential RF & Wireless Planning Group
Page 19 of 19 Oct. 2001

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