DWDM Troubleshooting

ZTE University
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ZTE Corporation
Transmission Course Team
Contents
Troubleshooting Procedures
Basic Principles of Troubleshooting
Basic Considerations for Fault Location
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Common Methods of Locating Fault
Handling of Classified Faults
Find and report equipment fault
Maintenance staff
Notify related persons for troubleshooting
Maintenance staff
Are the faults processed
successfully ?
No
Notify ZTE local office
Maintenance staff
Troubleshooting Procedures
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The local office processes faults
by telephone
Local office/maintenance staff
Are the faults processed
successfully ?
No
The local office sends related persons
to the site for troubleshooting
Engineering maintenance staff/
maintenance staff
Yes
Yes
The equipment runs normally.
Keep fault records.
Maintenance staff
1. Check
2. Inquiry
3. Analyze
Fault Location Procedure
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3. Analyze
4. Take the appropriate action
Engineering Problems
External Causes
Improper Operations
Fault Causes
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Equipment Interconnection Problems
Equipment Causes
Equipment Interconnection Problem
ZXMP M800/M900 equipment can access diverse optical
signals such as STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 and GE, which
are transparently transmitted. Unsuccessful
interconnection is usually caused by the optical
components features.
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Causes for equipment interconnection failure
Improper fiber connection, incorrect connection of
the optical interfaces during maintenance.
Problems of the SDH equipment itself.
Performance deterioration of the OTU, SRM and
GEMboards.
Equipment Causes
It refers to the factors of the transmission equipment itself
which result in faults including equipment damage and
unsound boards. Equipment damage refers to damage
naturally arising due to aging.
Equipment damage is characterized when the equipment,
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Equipment damage is characterized when the equipment,
running for a long period of time, is basically normal prior
to a breakdown, and faults occur to individual point
(board), or will not appear until some external causes
impose their influence.
Fault Location Guidelines
It is critical to locate the fault accurately to a specific site.
General principles of locating faults:
1. In locating fault, check the external factors first, e.g., fiber
cut, switching fault, and power failure, and then consider
the factors of the transmission equipment.
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the factors of the transmission equipment.
2. Accurately locate the site with problems, and then locate
faults to the specific board.
3. At the time of alarm analysis, analyze high level alarms
first, and then the low level alarms.
Observation & Analysis Method
Test Method
Plugging/Unplugging Method
Replacement Method
Common Methods of Locating Faults
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Replacement Method
Configuration Data Analysis Method
Reconfiguration Method
Instrument Test Method
Empirical Method
Communication Fault
Service Interruption Fault
Bit Error Fault
Clock Synchronization Fault
NMS Connection Fault
Classification of Fault
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NMS Connection Fault
Orderwire Fault
Fan Fault
Equipment Interconnection Fault
S Interface Fault
Communication Fault
Faults occur
Fault delimitation and
nature determination
Coordinate with the switching
crew for troubleshooting
Switching
side
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Transmission side
Transmission fault
delimitation and nature
determination
Coordinate with SDH
for troubleshooting
Execute WDM
troubleshooting flow
SDH side
WDM side
Bit Error Problem
External causes
The optical fiber connector is not clean or is not correctly
connected; the optical fiber incurs deteriorated
performance and an excessive loss; the equipment is
grounded improperly; there is a strong interference source
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grounded improperly; there is a strong interference source
nearby; the equipment works in a high temperature
environment without proper heat dissipation.
Equipment causes
OTU transmission performance deterioration; other board
problems.
OTUT1 OTUT1

ch1
chn
ch1
chn

11

n n
OTUTn OTUTn
O
M
U
BA BA LA LA PA PA
O
D
U

11

n n
OTUR OTUR
11

OTUR OTUR
nn
PA PA
O
D
U

11

n n
OTUG OTUG
11

OTUG OTUG
nn
O
M
U
BA BA
A B C D
Example
Error code is detected by OTU. Find out the where the error
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Error code is detected by OTU. Find out the where the error
code started.
In an all-wave error code: a. OSNR b. optical power
If only D has all-wave error, fault may happen at the RS
between CD.
If C also has all-wave error code, fault may happen at the
RS between AC.
continuation
In a single-wave error code
If only one OTUR at D has single-wave error:
a. That OTUR fault.
b. That OTUR receiving power is abnormal (too low
or too high).
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or too high).
c. Error forward from the station before D.
Fault at the sending or receiving OTU
Handling: first clean and then change.
If the first station detects error, fault may happen at
SDH side.
Optical Power Problem
Causes for optical power decrease
The pigtail transmission performance is deteriorated due
to external influences.
A fault occurs to the optical transmitting module of the
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A fault occurs to the optical transmitting module of the
accessed SDH equipment.
The performance of the optical card is deteriorated.
Increase of fiber line loss.
Solution
1. Record the related power value and original data.
Compare and find the point where the two values differ
greatly.
2. Test the optical power of the point with a meter. Note that
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2. Test the optical power of the point with a meter. Note that
the test may affect other services.
3. Check the pigtail of the faulty point, replace the damaged
pigtail.
Equipment Interconnection Problem
Causes
1. Improper fiber connection, more often, incorrect
connection of the optical interfaces during maintenance.
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2. Problems of the SDH equipment itself.
3. Performance deterioration of the OTU board.
Solution
1. Check whether the pigtails are connected incorrectly
according to the pasted labels. If any fiber is connected
incorrectly, there may be no input signal loss alarm to the
equipment, but a lot of abnormal performance values may
be generated.
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2. Analyze the quantity of the ZXMP M900 output signals
with the spectrum analyzer. The signal quality can be
improved by raising the output optical power of the
opposite OTU board.
ECC Fault
Causes
Receive and transmit optical powers are abnormal.
Power supply failure, such as equipment power failure or
too lower power supply voltage.
Internal connection problems of the ECC equipment,
mainly fiber faults, such as fiber performance
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mainly fiber faults, such as fiber performance
deterioration, too high loss or fiber damaged or broken.
NCP board fault.
OSC board fault.
There are a lot of performance data reported by the NE to
the NMS, causing ECC to be blocked
Solution
1. Analyze the performance data of the OSC board to
remove external factors, such as power failure, optical
fiber break, and optical fiber performance deterioration.
2. Reset the NCP board at the fault site. If login is still
impossible, pull out this NCP board to let ECC pass
through, and see if login to the downstream NE is
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impossible, pull out this NCP board to let ECC pass
through, and see if login to the downstream NE is
possible. If login still fails, the OSC board might get
faulty. In this case, replace the OSC board.
3. If login to the downstream site is successful, check or
replace the NCP board at the local site.
Order Wire Problem
Causes
1. External causes: power failure, fiber broken and incorrect
phone set setting
2. Improper operation: wrong data configuration on the
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2. Improper operation: wrong data configuration on the
order wire board
3. Equipment causes: NCP and order wire board faults
Solution
1. Check optical channels. If the optical channel cannot be
connected, the order wire cannot be connected. In this
case, you need to observe whether an alarm occurs on the
optical line.
2. Replace the order wire phone to check whether the phone
fails.
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fails.
3. Check the OHP board to observe the indicator and the
NMS alarms. You can determine whether the board gets
faulty using the plugging/unplugging method and
replacement method.
4. Check the configuration on the OHP board.
NMS Connection Fault
Causes
1. External causes: Power supply faults, such as equipment
power failure or too low power supply voltage; fiber
faults, such as fiber performance deterioration or too high
loss
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loss
2. Improper operations: incorrect configurations
3. Equipment fault: NMS computer network adapter fault,
board fault, and ECC channel block
Solution
1. Check external causes, e.g., power failure; fiber
performance degradation.
2. Check whether the NMS configuration is incorrect.
3. Use the test method to perform self-loop in each segment
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3. Use the test method to perform self-loop in each segment
and locate the faulty NE.
4. Check the board through observation and analysis.