Scholars of Islam (Torch Bearers)

1oie |cuici.
>eoui oj un Oubccui toru

>uqk vuccd |uqouri pii +-t, 2oo8
i
1oie |cuici. >eoui oj un 1oie |cuici. >eoui oj un 1oie |cuici. >eoui oj un 1oie |cuici. >eoui oj un
>uqk vuccd |uqouri

riiodueiior riiodueiior riiodueiior riiodueiior

When Ihe Idea oI IhIs course came abouI, Shaykh WaIeed was very InIeresIed In II. Shaykh WaIeed In hIs
preparaIIon Ior Ihe course Is IryIng Io IeI us know Ihe schoIars personaIIy, IIve In hIs Iown, waIk In hIs
house, see how hIs IIIe Is. The hIsIory oI Ihe schoIar wIII noI be IaIked abouI Irom a dIsIance, buI Shaykh
WaIeed wIII Iry In IhIs course Io zoom In Ihe camera aII Ihe way In so IhaI you can see In a cIose range Ihe
IndIvIduaI IhaI Is beIng dIscussed. SIudyIng Ihe schoIars Irom IhIs perspecIIve means IhaI you have Io know
a IoI abouI Ihe schoIar.

A Iong IIme ago, Ihe shaykh was readIng Irom Imam AnNawwawwI who was IaIkIng abouI a hadeeIh: A
nonMusIIm came Io Ihe PropheI's (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) MasjId, and Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam) oIIered hIm Iood and he saId IhaI was sIIII hungry and he couId noI geI enough oI Iood. The
PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) saId IhaI a IIIIIe Iood Is suIIIcIenI Ior Ihe mu'mIn, buI Ihe kaaIIr has no
bIessIngs In Ihe Iood IhaI he consumes, so he never IeeIs saIIsIIes. AnNawwawwI saId Irom IhIs hadeeIh
IhaI one oI Ihe sIgns oI hypocrIsy or weak IaIIh Is IhaI you are a IaI person and a sIgn oI a rIghIeous person
Is IhaI he,she Is skInny. Shaykh WaIeed became oIIended by IhIs and saId Io hImseII: ThIs Is noI a correcI
undersIandIng oI IhIs IexI, so he decIded Io wrIIe a reIuIaIIon Io AnNawwawwI's cIaIm. WhIIe wrIIIng Ihe
reIuIaIIon, Shaykh WaIeed wanIed Io prove IhaI Ihe InIerpreIaIIon Is IncorrecI, so he wenI Io sIudy abouI Ihe
IIves oI Ihe schoIars and was InIeresIed In IIndIng ouI IheIr weIghIs. Shaykh WaIeed wroIe a book on IhIs
(The CoIIecIIon oI Ihe Names oI Ihe SchoIars who are OverweIghI). He was abIe Io coIIecI Ihe names oI over
60 schoIars. ThIs IncIdenI IeI Shaykh WaIeed expIore anoIher dImensIon oI Ihe IIves oI Ihe schoIars because
he had Io know abouI Ihem personaIIy Io IInd ouI Ihe InIormaIIon he was IookIng Ior.

Shaykh WaIeed noIIced IhaI Imam AdhDhahabI when he wroIe Ihe bIography oI any schoIar, he aIways IrIed
Io descrIbe hIm physIcaIIy. The reason Ior IhIs Is so IhaI you can ImagIne Ihe person and are deaIIng wIIh a
pIcIure and noI words.

SIrucIure oI Ihe Course: You wIII IInd In each IndIvIduaI IhaI we wIII sIudy, Ihe IoIIowIng wIII be dIscussed:
who Is Ihe person, name , kunya, bIrIh , deaIh, appearance, IacIors , IhIngs IhaI IhIs schoIar saw In hIs,her
IIIe IhaI shaped hIs,her IIIe and way oI IhInkIng, InIIuence oI IamIIy members or Ieachers, evenI Io be
remembered.

Ior every IndIvIduaI IhaI you wIII hear In IhIs cIass and IuIure cIasses, Ihere are hundreds oI Ihem. There
were hundreds oI Ihousands oI peopIe who were smarI and had Ihe same chances IhaI AI Hasan AI BasrI
had, buI we never heard oI Ihem, and IheIr names dIsappeared, and Ihey never became schoIars. There are
hundreds oI ruIers who had everyIhIng IhaI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez had, buI Ihey never became Iamous IIke
hIm. There are greaI schoIars IIke Imam ShaaII'ee and Imam MaaIIk and some oI Ihem made II and some oI
Ihem dId noI. WhaI Is Ihe specIaI quaIIIy IhaI made Ihe schoIar unIque and Iamous7

AIIer we dIscuss every schoIar, we wIII derIve, as a cIass, Iessons IhaI we can Iearn Irom hIs,her IIIe.

We are sIarIIng Irom Ihe IIme oI Ihe IabI'een and wIII noI dIscuss any oI Ihe companIons because IhaI Is a
cIass oI IIs own.

CoaIs oI IhIs course:
1. Know Ihe schoIars oI ahI as sunnah Ihrough Ihe hIsIory oI IsIam. KnowIng Ihe IacIors IhaI shaped
IheIr IIves.
2. BrIng abouI posIIIve change on Ihe personaI, communaI, and naIIonaI IeveIs.
3. AccepIIng dIIIerences and IormIng reaIIsIIc raIher Ihan IdeaIIsIIc percepIIon oI IIIe.

1oie |cuici. >eoui oj un Oubccui toru
2
Jicjuec Jicjuec Jicjuec Jicjuec

|crcjii oj >iudqir ic ivc oj ic Jiicou >eoui

On a personaI IeveI:
1. You wIII IeeI a sIrong connecIIon beIween you and your MusIIm IoreIaIhers.
2. By sIudyIng recurrenI exampIes In hIsIory, you wIII dIscover Ihe means by whIch AIIah causes a
person Io change In a posIIIve manner.
3. You wIII see how good manners and moraIs can be exempIIIIed In peopIe's IIves.
4. Your hearIs wIII move Irom Ihe sIorIes you wIII hear, Ihus makIng Ihem soIIer and IIed Io Ihe
HereaIIer.
S. You wIII apprecIaIe Ihe vaIue oI knowIedge and Ihe knowIedge oI schoIars.
6. You wIII become moIIvaIed Io gIve da'wah and seI pracIIcaI goaIs Ior yourseII Io make your
surroundIngs beIIer.
7. You wIII Iearn how Io seI prIorIIIes by examInIng reaIIIIe sIIuaIIons.
8. You wIII Iearn Ihe proper ways oI deaIIng wIIh oIhers and Ihe correcI ways oI gIvIng daw'ah.
9. Make a posIIIve change and be reaIIsIIc, noI IdeaIIsIIc. The PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) saId:
"Lvery son oI Adam commIIs mIsIakes." No one Is perIecI.
10. BuIId baIance beIween IhIs worId and Ihe nexI one.
11. IeeIIng Ihe honor oI IsIam by sIudyIng Ihe IIves oI Ihe rIghIeous peopIe who pracIIce II.

On a communaI IeveI
1. You wIII apprecIaIe Ihe roIe oI a IamIIy In buIIdIng a greaI socIeIy.
2. You wIII undersIand Ihe crucIaI roIe women pIay In buIIdIng a sIrong communIIy.
3. You wIII Iearn how Io deaI wIIh dIIIerences.
4. You wIII have an Increased reperIoIre oI knowIedge and beneIIcIaI sIorIes Io share wIIh oIhers.
S. Through Ihe exampIes oI schoIars, you wIII Iearn how Io InIeracI wIIh Ihose around you.
6. Be moIIvaIed Io gIve daw'ah and seI prIorIIIes when gIvIng daw'ah.
7. Learn how Io deaI wIIh oIhers wIIh manners and In a jusI way.

TechnIques oI SharIng KnowIedge
1. You may use Ihe sIorIes Iearn In IhIs cIass as bedIIme sIorIes Ior your chIIdren. Umar Ibn AbduI
Azeez's (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) moIher aIways IoId hIm abouI hIs uncIe Umar Ibn AI KhaIIab (radhI
AIIahu 'anhu).
2. You may share gems and amazIng quoIes oI schoIars wIIh your IamIIy and peopIe In your
communIIy.
3. You may make "Who am I7" conIesIs.

1c >iuiu oj cuirir uboui ic ivc oj ic Jiicou

The Qur'an and Sunnah are IIIIed wIIh accounIs oI Ihe IIves oI humanIIy's greaIesI men and women, such as
Ihe propheIs and Ihe rIghIeous (AI KhIdr, DhuI Qarnayn, Luqmaan, AhIuI KahI). When we read abouI Ihe
IIves oI Ihe aIoremenIIoned, we need Io derIve Iessons Irom IheIr IIves.

TaIkIng abouI Ihe IIves oI schoIars Is deepIy rooIed In our reIIgIon. In Ihe Quran, Ihere are severaI surahs
named aIIer PropheIs (Nuh, Muhammad, YusuI, Yunus, AIAnbIyah), and Ihere are surahs IaIkIng abouI greaI
men and women (Luqmann, MarIam). The Quran aIso menIIons Ihe peopIe oI Ihe cave, AIKhIdr. KnowIng
abouI Ihese IndIvIduaIs gave sIrengIh Io Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam).

"There Is, In IheIr sIorIes, InsIrucIIon Ior men endued wIIh undersIandIng. II Is noI a IaIe InvenIed, buI a
conIIrmaIIon oI whaI wenI beIore II, a deIaIIed exposIIIon oI aII IhIngs, and a guIde and a mercy Io any
such as beIIeve." |YusuI:111]

These sIorIes aIso comIorI us and sIrengIhen our hearIs.

y. ) 7= $6& 9# $ Mm7V / 8# 4 8%` ,s9# . =9
"AII IhaI We reIaIe Io you oI Ihe sIorIes oI Ihe aposIIes, wIIh II We make IIrm your hearI:
In Ihem Ihere comes Io you Ihe IruIh, as weII as an admonIIIon and a remInder Io Ihose who
beIIeve." |Hud:120]

Doeuncriuiior oj ic ivc oj tiioiq' Gicuici |cr urd voncr bq |uin >eoui

The work oI MusIIm schoIars In IhIs area can be Iound In varIous Iorms oI wrIIIng; amongsI Ihem are:

HIsIory Books
1. Taareekh Baghdaad by AIKhaIeeb AIBaghdaadee (463 AH , 1071 CL) any major schoIar or
Iamous person In Baghdad Is dIscussed In IhIs book.
2. AIBIdaayah wanNIhaayah by Ibn KaIheer (774 AH , 1381 CL)
3. Akhbaar Asbahaan by Abu Nu'aym AIAsbahaanee (430 AH , 1039 CL)
4. Taareekh WasaI (WasaIIyyah are In Iraq beIween KuIah and Basrah)

BIographIes oI Ihe Sahabah or Books on TheIr VIrIues
1. AIIsaabah Iee Tamyeez AsSahaabah by Ibn Hajar (8S2 AH , 1448 CL)
2. Usd UIChaabah Iee Ma'rIIaIIISahaabah by 'AII Ibn AIAIheer (630 AH , 1233 CL)
3. Iadaa'II AsSahaabah by AIImaam Ahmad (241 AH , 8S6 CL)

BIographIes oI HadeeIh NarraIors
1. AIKamaaI Iee Asmaa ArRIjaaI by AbduIChanee AIMaqdIsee (600 AH , 1204 CL)
2. AIhThIqaaI and AIMajrooheen by Ibn HIbbaan (3S4 AH , 962 CL)
3. AITareekh AIKabeer by AIImaam AIBukharI (2S6 AH , 860 CL)

BIographIes oI SpecIIIc CaIegorIes oI SchoIars
1. TabaqaaI AshShaaII'Iyyah by AsSubkee (7S6 AH , 1363 CL)
2. TabagaaI AIHuIIaadh by AsSuyooIee (911 AH , 1S07 CL)
3. TabaqaaI AIQurraa' by Abu 'Amr AdDaanee (444 AH , 10S3 CL)

BIographIes oI SchoIars & InIIuenIIaI PeopIe
1. SIyar A'Iaam AnNubaIaa' by AIImam AdhDhahabee (748 AH , 13SS CL)
2. AITabagaaI AIKubraa' by Ibn Sa'd (230 AH , 84S CL)
3. SIIaI AsSaIwah by Ibn AI|awzee (S97 AH , 1171 CL)

BIographIes oI SpecIIIc IndIvIduaIs
1. SeeraIu Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez by Ibn AI|awzee (S97 AH , 1171 CL)
2. ManaaqIb AIImaam Ahmad by Ibn AI|awzee (S97 AH , 1171 CL)
3. Taareekh AIKhuIaIaa' by AsSuyooIee (911 AH , 1S07 CL)

Books on Manners, LIIqueIIes, & MoraIIIy
1. AIMudaawaaI IIIAkhIaaq wasSIyar by Ibn Hazm (4S6 AH , 106S CL)
2. AzZuhd by AIImam Ahmad (241 AH , 8S6 CL)
3. AIAadaab AshShar'Iyyah by Ibn MuIIIh (763 AH , 1370 CL)

"AIIsnaad Is parI oI Ihe reIIgIon. WIIhouI II, anyone couId cIaIm whaIever he wIshed." Ibn AI Mubaarak

+
Giourd Juc Giourd Juc Giourd Juc Giourd Juc

These ruIes wIII heIp you Io undersIand how Io deaI wIIh Ihe bIographIes oI Ihe schoIars. Make a connecIIon
beIween Ihese ruIes and Ihe IndIvIduaIs.

AhIusSunnah's MeIhodoIogy Ior SIudyIng Ihe LIves oI Ihe SchoIars

1. In hIsIory, do noI Iook backwards because Ihen you wIII never apprecIaIe hIsIory. Co back and Iook
ahead.

2. KnowIng IhaI Ihe acIIon and sIaIemenIs oI Ihe schoIars are noI sources oI IegIsIaIIon.

OnIy Muhammad (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) Is a source oI IegIsIaIIon.

3. UndersIandIng IhaI Ihey are noI InIaIIIbIe.

4. IoIIowIng IheIr meIhodoIogy as a group, noI IheIr IndIvIduaI opInIons.

When readIng abouI Ihe schoIars, we do noI IoIIow one person by hImseII. We IoIIow Ihe meIhodoIogy oI
Ihem as a group and noI IndIvIduaIs.

S. SIudyIng IheIr IIves, noI Io expose IheIr shorIcomIngs, buI Io derIve Iessons Irom Ihem.

6. UndersIandIng IhaI Ihey were IndIvIduaIs, wIIh IheIr own personaIIIIes and habIIs; one shouId noI expecI
Ihem Io be perIecI.

7. ReIerrIng IheIr cIear sIaIemenIs or acIIons, Io Ihe uncIear ones.

8. BeIng IaIr and jusI when makIng judgmenIs on Ihem.

You cannoI Iook onIy aI IheIr mIsIakes and IorgeI IheIr good acIIons. AIso, you cannoI IaIk onIy oI IheIr
good and noI oI IheIr mIsIakes. Look aI Ihe enIIre pIcIure.

9. NoI examInIng auIhenIIcIIy oI narraIIons abouI Ihem as one does wIIh AhadeeIh, unIess Ihe purpose Is
Io derIve a ruIe or pass a judgmenI on someone.

10. BeIng moderaIe In one's vIews and posIIIons regardIng Ihem.

Do noI be exIreme In Iove , haIe or supporI , noI supporIIng hIm.

11. LookIng InIo Ihe reasons behInd IheIr sIaIemenIs and acIIons, or examInIng Ihe sIIuaIIons and IImes
when acIIons or sIaIemenIs were made.

Ior exampIe, a man came Io Imam MaaIIk and saId: "We have a person saId IhaI Ihe Quran Is one oI AIIah's
creaIIons, can I pray behInd hIm7" Imam MaaIIk saId: "No." AnoIher IIme, a man came Io Imam MaaIIk and
saId IhaI Ihe Imams In hIs Iown (Asbahaan) say IhaI AIIah does noI IaIk and asked II he couId pray behInd
Ihem7 Imam MaaIIk saId IhaI he couId pray behInd Ihem. Why Ihe dIIIerence7 Imam MaaIIk saId IhaI
Asbahaan was noI a Iand where Ihe sunnah domInaIed, and II you Ieave Ihe saIah and break Ihe jama'ah,
Ihen you may be IreaIed badIy and Ihere couId be concern Ior saIeIy oI Ihe person. You have Io undersIand
why he saId IhaI.


12. KnowIng IhaI none oI Ihe schoIars oI Ihe MusIIm Ummah, whose sIaIus was agreed upon by Ihe MusIIm
schoIars, ever rejecIed a Sunnah.

AcIs or sIaIemenIs Ihey made whIch oppose Ihe Sunnah occurred due Io Ihe IoIIowIng reasons:
1) They may have noI known abouI a parIIcuIar HadeeIh
2) They may have consIdered Ihe HadeeIh Io be InauIhenIIc
3) They may have consIdered Ihe HadeeIh Io be abrogaIed
4) They may have preIerred oIher evIdences Irom Ihe Quran or Sunnah over IhaI parIIcuIar HadeeIh
S) They may have undersIood Ihe hadeeIh dIIIerenIIy

13. LxamInIng IheIr whoIe IIves, and noI passIng judgmenIs based on IndIvIduaI IncIdenIs.

14. LearnIng Ihe cuIIure oI each schoIar, and Ihe specIIIc usage oI IermInoIogy.

Lach counIry and pIace has IIs own cuIIure and way oI expressIng someIhIng.

1S. NoI accepIIng any negaIIve posIIIons Iaken based on personaI reasons or made by Ihose oI Ihe same age
and sIaIus.

16. LxamInIng Ihe socIaI, economIc and psychoIogIcaI InIIuences on IheIr IIves when derIvIng ruIIngs; IhIs Is
a way Io geI beIIer undersIandIng oI IheIr acIIons, sIaIemenIs, and judgmenIs.

17. SeekIng Ihe opInIons oI experIs In manners oI dIspuIe.

18. NoI IoIIowIng Ihe odd opInIons oI schoIars and IheIr "rukhas".

19. UndersIandIng Ihe dIIIerence beIween Ihe IeveIs oI Ihese schoIars.

ThIs Is someIhIng mIssIng In AmerIca even In deaIIng wIIh modern schoIars. We cannoI dIIIerenIIaIe
beIween a sIudenI oI knowIedge and a khaIeeb and a muIII and a greaI muIII and IreaI Ihem aII Ihe same.

20. DIIIerenIIaIIng beIween Ihe worIdIy ruIIngs and Ihose oI Ihe HereaIIer.

We may dIsagree wIIh Ihe opInIons oI some schoIars. A schoIar may have sIarIed a devIanI secI or be a parI
oI a devIanI secI, buI you cannoI say IhaI he Is ouIsIde oI Ihe IoId oI IsIam. The PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI
wa saIIam) appIIed capIIaI punIshmenI on someone and saId IhaI Ihe IndIvIduaI Is In ParadIse (appIyIng Ihe
punIshmenI because oI Ihe crIme Is worIdIy ruIes, and beIng a shaheed Is a HereaIIer ruIe, and Ihey are noI
mIxed)

21. SIudyIng IheIr IIves Io expIore Ihe paIIerns IeadIng Io posIIIve change, so IhaI we can appIy IhIs Io our
modern aIIaIrs; Ihus, IransIerrIng our sIudy Irom a IheoreIIcaI one Io a pracIIcaI one.

t
|uiuiiij ibr 'bduu ibr |uiuiiij ibr 'bduu ibr |uiuiiij ibr 'bduu ibr |uiuiiij ibr 'bduu ibr - -- ->ikkcci. 1c vic voiippci >ikkcci. 1c vic voiippci >ikkcci. 1c vic voiippci >ikkcci. 1c vic voiippci

Two words Io connecI Io hIm: wIsdom and IIInah (IrIaI, IesI, chaos). IIInah means IhaI you cannoI separaIe
beIween Ihe IruIh and Ihe IaIsehood.

unc

MuIarrII Ibn 'AbduIIah Ibn AshShIkhkheer AIAamIree AIBasree

AshShIkhkheer means Ihe one who snores. The Arabs In Ihe oId days named peopIe aIIer an IncIdenI IhaI
happened Io Ihe person or Ihe job Ihe person does. Ior exampIe, a IamIIy couId be caIIed AIQadhI (judge)
because a IamIIy member Is a Iamous judge and a very good judge. AnoIher exampIe: Abu HanIIah Is caIIed
AIBazzaaz (Ihe one who used Io seII mIIk).

urqu

Abu 'AbduIIah

|iii

He was born In MadInah durIng Ihe IIIe oI Ihe PropheI Muhammad (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). Adh
Dhahabee saId IhaI he may have been born In Ihe year oI Badr or Uhud. AIMughIaIay saId II may have been
Ihe 3rd year aIIer Ihe HIjrah.

There Is a debaIe over wheIher he Is a companIon or noI. Shaykh WaIeed chooses Ihe opInIon IhaI he Is noI
a companIon.

Dcui

9S AH (713 CL). OIhers have saId 86 AH (70S CL), buI Ihe IIrsI opInIon Is sIronger. He IIved Ior 92 years.

Cuiq ijc

HIs IaIher was a weIIknown SahabI, named 'AbduIIah Ibn AshShIkhkheer. MuIarrII meI and narraIed Irom
many oI Ihe sahabah; amongsI Ihem were: 'AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), 'Ammaar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), Abu
Dharr (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), A'Ishah (radhI AIIahu 'anha), Mu'awIyah (radhI
AIIahu 'anhu), and Imran Ibn Husayn (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). He IaIer moved Io AIBasrah and seIIIed Ihere.
HIs IaIher was hIs IIrsI Ieacher. He Iearned under Ihe sahabah who aI one IIme were In Iwo groups agaInsI
each oIher In IheIr IIIeIImes. AII and Ammaar In one IIme In hIsIory were agaInsI Mu'awIyah and In anoIher
IncIdenI agaInsI A'Ishah. Abu Dharr had a dIsagreemenI wIIh UIhman In Ihe IIme oI UIhman's caIIphaIe.
Whenever peopIe have a IIghI wIIh each oIher, you wouId expecI IhaI Ihe Ieacher wIII pass negaIIve IhIngs
abouI Ihe oIher person Io Ihe sIudenI, buI IhIs never happened durIng IhaI IIme. MuIarrII kepI a good
reIaIIonshIp wIIh aII oI Ihem. AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was InvoIved In Ihe janazah oI AzZubayr, who IoughI
agaInsI hIm. (ThIs Is Ihe Iesson Irom IearnIng abouI hIs shuyookh)

Some schoIars, such as Ibn IaIhoon and Ibn Hajar, have IncIuded hIm among Ihe Sahabah; whIIe oIher
schoIars, such as AIBayhaqee, Ibn AbduI Barr, and Ibn KaIheer, consIder hIm as one oI Ihe eIder IabI'een.
Ibn Hajar saId IhaI he Is consIdered Irom Ihe second IeveI oI Ihe companIons who were born durIng Ihe IIme
oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam), buI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) dIed beIore Ihey
reached Ihe age oI puberIy, so Ihey do noI remember whaI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) saId.
There Is no hadeeIh narraIed by MuIarrII Irom Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam), whIch means IhaI
he dId noI InIeracI wIIh Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) In a IeveI IhaI wouId aIIow us Io caII hIm a
companIon. Some schoIars gIve Ihe condIIIon Ior a person Io be a companIon IhaI Ihe person shouId narraIe

Irom Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) or be oI Ihe age oI puberIy when he (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam) dIed. (A mukhadram Is a person who was aIIve aI Ihe IIme oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam) and was a MusIIm buI never meI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam)).

MuIarrII Is noI a companIon. He was very young and wouId noI remember Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam) when he meI hIm. Some schoIars saId IhaI In order Ior a person Io be consIdered a companIon, he
musI be a person who can remember and undersIand. There Is a dIIIerence oI opInIon over Ihe age oI IhIs
(6 years) Mahmood Ibn RabI'a Is a companIon who was S years oId when he remembered Ihe PropheI (saI
AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) makIng wudu and whIIe he was rInsIng hIs mouIh, he was IookIng aI Ihe PropheI
(saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) and kepI sIarIng aI hIm, and Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) Ignored
hIm aI IIrsI, and Ihen when he puI waIer hIs mouIh, he sprayed Ihe waIer In hIs Iace. Mahmood wenI back
IaughIng and remembered Ihe IncIdenI. The uIema saId IhaI sInce he remembered Ihe IncIdenI, we consIder
hIm a sahabI. AIHusaIn Is consIdered a sahabI even Ihough Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) dIed
when he was 6 years oId. MuIarrII IIved Io an oIder age Ihan AIHusaIn, buI he dId noI remember anyIhIng
beIween hImseII and Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). There are many companIons who dId noI
narraIe ahadeeIh, buI Ihere Is prooI IhaI Ihey InIeracIed wIIh Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) whIIe
Ihey were aduIIs. AbduIIah Ibn ZubaIr IIIs In Ihe grey area oI wheIher he Is a companIon or a successor.

He Is a greaI schoIar who sIudIed under Ihe companIons oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). Irom
an earIy age, he was InvoIved In Ihe MusIIm communIIy. He IIved durIng Ihe Ihree years consIdered Ihe mosI
dIIIIcuII In IsIam (Ihe IIme oI Yazeed Ibn Mu'awIyah Ibn SuIIyyan). Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) senI Mu'awIyah
Io be a Ieader In AshShaam In 21 AH. Mu'awIyah, one oI Ihe wrIIers oI Ihe Quran, IIved 2021 years as a
governor oI AshShaam and Ihen as 21 years as Ihe khaIIIah oI Ihe MusIIm worId. He was In a posIIIon oI
power Ior 42 years Irom Ihe IIme oI Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) unIII he became Ihe khaIIIah hImseII. He was
very wIse and generous and paIIenI and genIIe wIIh oIhers and because oI IhIs, he won Ihe hearIs oI peopIe.
BeIore hIs deaIh, Mu'awIyah decIded Io appoInI hIs son Yazeed Io be Ihe khaIIIah aIIer hIm. There Is no
IndIcaIIon or narraIIon IhaI he InIended Io onIy keep Ihe khaIIIah In hIs IamIIy aII Ihe IIme. The prooI Ior
IhIs Iheory IhaI he was noI IookIng Ior aII oI hIs IamIIy Io be Ihe khaIIIah was IhaI Yazeed never appoInIed
hIs sons as khaIIIah.

SIde NoIe: How do you deIIne a generaIIon (I.e. oI companIons or successors)7 We see mosI oI Ihe
companIons were aIIve unIII around 60 AH |Ihe end oI Ihe IIme oI AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) or Ihe begInnIng
oI Ihe IIme oI Mu'awIyah.] AIIer 60 AH unIII around 8S AH, II Is Ihe IIme oI Ihe IabI'een. In Ihe IIrsI 100
years IIved Ihe companIons, successors, and Ihe IabI IabI'een (IoIIowers oI Ihe successors). By 100 AH, Ihe
IhIrd generaIIon had aIready sIarIed. TabI'een are In Ihe IIrsI one hundred years, and Ihe IabI IabI'een aIso
exIsIed In Ihe IIrsI one hundred years oI IsIam.

MuIarrII grew up In MadInah, whIch Is a pIace rIch oI knowIedge because many companIons oI Ihe PropheI
(saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) IIved Ihere. Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) made a ruIe IhaI no companIons,
especIaIIy Ihe knowIedgeabIe ones IIke Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas, Ibn Masood, couId seIIIe ouIsIde oI MadInah.
The companIons couId onIy go Ior around 6 monIhs or so Io a pIace buI Ihen has Io come back. Umar (radhI
AIIahu 'anhu) was very sIrIcI abouI IhIs because he wanIed Io consuII Ihese peopIe when makIng decIsIons.
AIso, Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was aIraId IhaI Ihe companIons wIII change because Ihere was so much
weaIIh and new sIyIes oI IIIe IhaI couId change Ihem. He made IhIs ruIe as a IransIIIon perIod. ThIs ruIe
made MadInah a specIaI cIIy. Imam MaaIIk saId IhaI II AhI AI MadInah agreed on someIhIng, Ihen II means
consensus because aII oI Ihe schoIars oI Ihe sahabah IIved Ihere and IransIerred IheIr knowIedge Io IheIr
sIudenIs. (We do noI agree wIIh hIs concIusIon 100, buI IhIs Is Ihe hIsIory behInd Imam MaaIIk's ruIe In
UsooI AI IIqh oI Ijma' oI AhI AI MadInah). MuIarrII IIved durIng IhIs perIod In MadInah, whIch gave hIm
access Io seeIng dIIIerenI Iypes oI schoIars. AIIer Ihe deaIh oI Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), UIhman (radhI
AIIahu 'anhu) became Ihe khaIIIah, and he had a dIIIerenI personaIIIy. UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) opened
Ihe door and gave money Ior companIons Io go Io oIher pIaces. UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) wanIed Ihe
companIons Io IIve weaIIhIIy In oIher pIaces so IhaI Ihey dId noI depend on anyone IInancIaIIy so IhaI
peopIe IeII IhaI Ihey needed Ihe companIons and Ihe companIons dId noI need Ihe peopIe. The companIons
became very rIch because oI UIhman's (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) supporI. The companIons spread aII over Ihe
MusIIm worId and moved and seIIIed In new IerrIIorIes IIke Iraq, AshShaam, parI oI NorIh ArabIa, LgypI,
8
NorIh AIrIca, |ordan, and Iran and even IarIher easI. Because oI IhIs change, many new MusIIms came InIo
Ihe socIeIy Irom dIIIerenI backgrounds, and Ihey saw Abu Dharr reIuse Ihe meIhods oI weaIIh beIng gIven.
ThIs meIhod exIsIed even more among Ihe new young men and women In socIeIy and became sIronger In
Ihe IIme oI Mu'awIyyah. II UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was abIe Io brIng a IoI oI prosperIIy In Ihe
communIIy, In Mu'awIyyah's IIme, II was even more. PeopIe became weaIIhIer, and Ihe MusIIm sIaIe became
very sIrong. AII oI IhIs Ied Io a reacIIon oI peopIe opposIng II and wanIIng Io deIach Irom Ihe dunIyah and
Iean Iowards a sImpIe IIIe. MuIarrII Ibn AbduIIah wIInessed aII oI Ihese changes, buI when you read abouI
hIs IIIesIyIe, you wIII Iearn IhaI he was a man oI greaI weaIIh. He IIved durIng Ihe IIme oI UIhman (radhI
AIIahu 'anhu) and Mu'awIyyah (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), and hIs IaIher was a companIon.

ppcuiurec urd Cuiueiciiiie

MuIarrII was a man oI greaI weaIIh and wore beauIIIuI cIoIhIng. He chose hIs cIoIhIng very careIuIIy.

When he marrIed hIs wIIe, he gave her Ihe mahr oI 30,000 pIeces oI goId In addIIIon Io a muIe, a servanI,
and maIerIaI more expensIve Ihan sIIk. (A muIe In Ihose days Is IIke a modern day Lexus). ThIs mahr shows
IhaI he was a very rIch man who was In Iove wIIh hIs wIIe.

He was known Io use bIond dye Ior hIs haIr. HIs Iook appeaIed Io Ihe eyes oI Ihe peopIe. Whenever he
waIked In a pIace, he wouId caIch Ihe eyes oI oIhers. Common descrIpIIon oI hIm: IaII, beauIIIuI, handsome.

He rode horses. Horses are more expensIve Ihan oIher anImaIs, and rIdIng horses means IhaI he chose a
very good rIde Ior hImseII.

npoiiuri !ueioi iui >upcd ti ijc

1. HIs IaIher beIng a nobIe sahabI. He came Irom a specIaI IamIIy.

2. The murder oI UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) and Ihe IIInah IhaI ensued.

UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was kIIIed by Ihe hands oI young men who gaIhered Irom MadInah, Iraq, LgypI,
Yemen, and SyrIa. Some oI Ihese young men were chIIdren oI Ihe companIons (one who repenIed aI Ihe IasI
mInuIe and backed ouI oI Ihe pIan was Ihe Muhammad Ibn AbI Bakr AsSIddeeq). TheIr probIem wIIh
UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was IhaI he was gIvIng peopIe a IoI oI money, and many oI hIs IamIIy members
had become prInces and Ieaders In Ihe MusIIm worId. UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) IhoughI IhaI II Ihe
governor Is reIaIed Io hIm, and he Is oIder Ihan Ihe IamIIy member he puI In a IeadershIp posIIIon Ihen he
can have conIroI over Ihe person more Ihan gIvIng IexIuaI evIdence. In Arab cuIIure, eIders musI be
respecIed. Lveryone UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) puI In posIIIon Irom hIs IamIIy was quaIIIIed Ior Ihe
posIIIon. UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) chaIIenged Ihe young men and asked II anyone he puI In posIIIon was
noI quaIIIIed. He agreed Io change. AI Hasan and AIHusaIn were guardIng Ihe door oI UIhman (radhI
AIIahu 'anhu), and Ihe young men sIoned AI Hasan unIII he became unconscIous, and Ihey Ihen kIIIed
UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). Ibn AbI Ubaydah sIabbed UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) 9 IImes (he saId 3 Ior
Ihe sake oI AIIah and 6 Ior whaI he had In hIs hearI agaInsI UIhman). Hundreds II noI Ihousands were
gaIhered and supporIIng Ihese young men Io Ihe exIenI IhaI Ihey wouId Iead Ihe saIah In MadInah. AI IhaI
IIme, UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) had aIIowed Ihe companIons Io Ieave, so Ihey were noI Ihe majorIIy In
MadInah. The IImIng was rIghI aIIer Hajj, so peopIe had noI reIurned Io MadInah Irom Hajj. AII (radhI
AIIahu 'anhu) Ihen became Ihe khaIIIah.

3. The IIInah IhaI occurred beIween Ihe Sahabah In Ihe IIme oI AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) and IIs negaIIve
consequences.

,
AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) moved Io AI KuIa and decIared Ihe khaIIIah because mosI oI hIs supporIers were In
Iraq. The sahabah In HIjaz quesIIoned how he couId cIaIm Ihe khaIIIah wIIhouI IakIng care oI Ihe murderers
oI UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) saId IhaI Ihere are hundreds oI Ihem, and Io judge
each IndIvIduaI, you have Io know hIs posIIIon In Ihe pIoI so he can be punIshed accordIngIy. Ior exampIe,
Ihe one who kIIIed hIm wIIh hIs hand Is noI equaI Io Ihe person ouIsIde wIIh Ihe crowd. AII (radhI AIIahu
'anhu) saId IhaI In order Ior hIm Io do IhIs, he had Io have a poIIIIcaI sIrucIure exIsIIng Io esIabIIsh Ihe courI
and appIy Ihe hudood. The major dIsagreemenI occurred over IhIs, and Ihen when Ihey were abouI Io reach
an agreemenI, someone resIarIed Ihe war agaIn, and Ihey Iound IhaI a number oI Ihe army oI AzZubayr
and TaIha were kIIIed In Ihe nIghI and decIared beIrayaI. PeopIe kIIIed one anoIher, and mosI oI Ihose
peopIe on boIh sIdes were noI Ihe companIons. Sa'eed Ibn MusayyIb saId IhaI durIng IhIs IIme Ihe
companIons were around 10,000 and onIy a coupIe oI hundred parIIcIpaIed In IhIs whIIe Ihe resI avoIded II.
AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) Iook conIroI and deIeaIed Ihose who were IIghIIng hIm.

MuIarrII IIved Io see aII oI IhIs happen durIng hIs IIme. AI KhawaarIj were Ihose who broke oII Irom AII
(radhI AIIahu 'anhu) and had aIso IoughI UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). No companIons joIned Ihem when
Ihey kIIIed UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) or broke oII Irom AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). They IIved In a pIace
caIIed Hawarrah. AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) saId IhaI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) had IoId oI
Ihose peopIe and caIIed Ihem InnovaIors. ThIs was Ihe IIrsI IIme IhaI Ihe IermInoIogy oI InnovaIors and
bId'ah sIarIed Io appear. PeopIe were aIraId IhaI AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was goIng Io sIarI anoIher IIghI
wIIh Ihem, and Ihey saw Ihem IasIIng everyday and prayIng qIyam aIIayI every nIghI. AII (radhI AIIahu
'anhu) ordered Ihem Io IoIIow hIm or he wouId IIghI agaInsI Ihem, and he senI Ibn Abbas Io Ihem, and S,000
oI Ihe 10,000 came back wIIh Ibn Abbas. Then, Ibn Abbas IoId AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) IhaI he Is Iree Io
IIghI Ihem. The resI oI Ihe KhawaarIj wenI Io Oman unIII Ihey esIabIIshed Ihe IIrsI sIaIe oI Ihe KhawaarIj
(IbadI), and unIII Ioday Ihe Oman sIaIe Is IhIs secI oI Ihe KhawaarIj.

4. The murder oI AIHusayn (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) and Ihe dIssenIIon II caused In Ihe MusIIms.

MuIarrII was In Iraq whIIe Ihese IncIdenIs Iook pIace In 670 CL.

S. The poIIIIcaI changes IhaI occurred when Ihe KhIIaIah came InIo Ihe hands oI Ihe Umayyads, and seeIng
Ihe KhIIaIah pass Irom Mu'awIyah (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) Io hIs son.

6. AIHajjaaj's oppressIve regIme and Ihe evII II caused.

The roIe oI AIHajjaj was Io make sIabIIIIy, and aIIer crushIng Ibn Zubayr's movemenI was appoInIed Io be
Ihe governor oI Iraq. Under hIm were many Ieaders and one person was AbdurRahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn
AIAsh'aIh.

7. The IIInah oI Ibn AIAsh'aIh and hIs revoIuIIon agaInsI AIHajjaaj In 80 AH (699 CL).

Ibn AIAsh'aIh was a commander oI AIHajjaj, buI he IoughI many baIIIes In Ihe easIern sIde oI Ihe MusIIm
worId (Iran, subconIInenI, AIghanIsIan). He was Iamous Io Ihe exIenI IhaI AIHajjaj made hIm Ihe governor
oI SajIsIhan, whIch Is In Ihe norIh oI Iran,AIghanIsIan. He was abIe Io conquer many cIIIes and counIrIes
and had a huge army under hIs command. As he sIarIed Io gaIn power and popuIarIIy, AIHajjaj IIred hIm
because he was aIraId oI conIIIcI and a power sIruggIe. Ibn AIAsh'aIh Iook advanIage oI Ihe greaI warrIors
In hIs regIon and convInced many peopIe Io IoIIow hIm, and he sIarIed Io IIghI AIHajjaj. In order Ior hIm Io
wIn Ihe IIghI wIIh AIHajjaj, he noI onIy had Io depend on Ihe new peopIe In hIs army, buI he aIso needed Io
represenI hImseII as a IegIIImaIe Ieader, whIch Is someIhIng schoIars couId gIve hIm. He sIarIed Io
represenI hImseII as Ihe person who has come Io end Ihe InjusIIce oI AIHajjaj, who kIIIed so many peopIe
and pIaced hIgh Iaxes and dId noI ruIe by SharI'ah.

AIQuraa' (Ihe young sIudenI oI knowIedge) supporIed Ibn AIAsh'aIh. These peopIe read Ihe knowIedge buI
are noI weII rooIed In Ihe knowIedge. The Iwo armIes meI, and Ibn AIAsh'aIh deIeaIed AIHajjaaj and
became Ihe Ieader oI AIBasrah. The peopIe oI AIBasrah were very happy and gave hIm bay'ah because he
saId he was brIngIng jusIIce. PeopIe In KuIah aIso supporIed Ibn AIAsh'aIh. The Iuqahaa and aIquraa' gave
io
hIm Ihe bay'ah. AbduI MaIIk oI Ihe Umoowees was a smarI man and saId IhaI Ibn AIAsh'aIh couId be In
conIroI Ihere under hIs IeadershIp, so do noI brIng more IIInah. The young sIudenIs Io Ibn AIAsh'aIh Io go
Io Damascus, and Ihey wouId IoIIow hIm aII Ihe way Ihere. AnoIher commander under AIHajjaj advIsed
hIm noI Io go Io SyrIa because he wIII be crushed, and II Is noI haIaaI Ior hIm Io do IhIs because he gave
bay'ah Io Ihe khaIIIah. Over 130,000 peopIe were kIIIed In Ihese baIIIes unIII 82 AH (701 CL) when Ihe IIInah
ended wIIh Ihe deIeaI oI Ihe army oI Ibn AIAsh'aIh. Many schoIars IIke AshSha'abI, Sa'eed Ibn |ubayr, AI
Hasan AIBasrI supporIed Ibn AIAsh'aIh. II was advIsed Ior Ibn AIAsh'aIh Io obIaIn Ihe supporI oI AI
Hasan AIBasrI because peopIe Ioved AIHasan AIBasrI. Ibn AIAsh'aIh ended up kIIIIng hImseII raIher Ihan
IacIng humIIIaIIon Irom AIHajjaj. He knew how Io use bIg buI empIy words Io move Ihe hearIs oI peopIe
and moIIvaIe Ihem.

UIema have saId IhaI no one IIved aIIer IhIs IIInah Irom Ihe schoIars oI Iraq unIess he regreIIed IakIng parI
In II and reaIIzIng IhaI II was a decepIIon. MuIarrII Ibn AbduIIah never accepIed Ihe caII oI Ibn AIAsh'aIh.

8. The emergence oI devIanI groups, such as Ihe KhawaarIj, Ihe RaIaawII, and Ihe QadarIyyah.

>iuiu

1. Ibn Sa'd saId: "He was a IrusIworIhy narraIor (IhIqah), and an exceIIenI person oI grace, pIeIy, sound
mInd, and nobIe manners."

2. AdhDhahabee reIerred Io hIm as: "The Imaam, an exampIe Io IoIIow, and Ihe auIhorIIy."

3. CreaI schoIars oI hIs IIme, such as AIHasan AI BasrI, QaIaadah, Muhammad Ibn WaasI' and oIhers,
narraIed ahadeeIh Irom hIm.

He was descrIbed as beIng generous.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. The posIIIon he Iook durIng Ihe IIInah oI Ibn AIAsh'aIh.

AI'IjIee saId: "He was a IrusIworIhy narraIor (IhIqah). No one Irom Basrah was saIe Irom Ihe IIInah oI Ibn
AIAsh'aIh excepI hIm and Ibn SIreen, and no one Irom AIKuIah was saved Irom II excepI KhayIhamah Ibn
AbdurRahman and IbrahIm AnNakha'ee." AIBasrah and AIKuIah had hundreds oI schoIars and onIy Iwo
were saved Irom each cIIy, whIch IndIcaIed Ihere Is someIhIng very specIaI abouI Ihese peopIe. Basheer Ibn
UIbah asked MuIarrII's broIher whaI he used Io do durIng Ihe IIInah, and hIs broIher repIIed IhaI he wouId
sIay aI home and dId noI go Io Ihe masajId or jum'ah unIII Ihe IIInah was over. Whenever MuIarrII saw a
IIghI, he wouId IeII Ihem II Is haraam and wouId run away Irom II. AI Hasan AI BasrI wouId say IhaI II Is noI
rIghI, buI he wouId InvoIve hImseII In II by arguIng wIIh Ihe peopIe. MuIarrII In conIrasI wouId Ieave and
crIIIcIzed AI Hasan by sayIng IhaI he wouId warn peopIe oI a IIood buI wouId sIand In Ihe pIace where Ihe
IIood Is comIng InsIead oI runnIng away.

HIs meIhod In deaIIng wIIh Ihe IIInah:
He wouId IeII peopIe II Is haraam Io be InvoIved In such a IIInah. He IhoughI IhaI In Ihe IIme oI
chaos, II Is noI a IIme Io debaIe peopIe and convInce Ihem once II has reached Ihe exIenI oI IIghIIng.
Ibn TaymIyyah saId: When Ihe IIInah happens Ihe wIse men cannoI conIroI Ihe IgnoranI ones.
He wouId say IIInah Is noI a IIme oI guIdance buI a IIme oI IesIs so be careIuI abouI your deeds so
IhaI you do noI Iose Ihem and InvoIve yourseII In Ihe haraam.
He wouId use common sense.
He dId noI use empIy words Io move peopIe's hearIs. IIInah Is caused by Ihese empIy words.
He wouId InvoIve hImseII In worshIppIng AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa) because Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu
aIayhI wa saIIam) saId: "WorshIppIng AIIah In Ihe IIme oI IIInah Is IIke mIgraIIng wIIh me Io
MadInah." |SahIh MusIIm]
ii
He was noI InIeresIed In passIng judgmenI beIween eIIher sIde InvoIved In Ihe IIInah.
He wouId noI ask abouI Ihe deIaIIs oI Ihe IIInah. He saId: The IIInah oI Ibn AzZubayr Iook Irom 7
9 years, and w'AIIahI, I never asked abouI II.

He was known Io be IogIcaI. He used sound InIeIIecI durIng IImes oI IIInah, InsIead oI beIng drIven by zeaI
and passIon. He used Io say: "By AIIah, I wouId raIher be asked by AIIah, 'Why dId you noI kIII soandso7'
Ihan Io be asked by HIm, 'Why dId you kIII soandso7'"

He was noI InIeresIed In passIng judgmenIs on eIIher sIde InvoIved In Ihe IIInah or IoIIowIng up wIIh IIs
advances; InsIead, he was known Io be occupIed In Ihe worshIp oI AIIah durIng Ihose IImes.

When asked abouI IIghIIng AIHajjaj, he saId IhaI eIIher II Is a recommended acI or kIIIIng oI MusIIms, so he
dId noI wanI Io Iake Ihe rIsk oI doIng someIhIng recommended versus someIhIng haraam.

2. HIs consIanI remembrance oI Ihe HereaIIer.
He saId IhaI deaIh has corrupIed any pIeasure oI Ihe worIdIy IIIe.
One oI hIs du'aa: Oh AIIah, be pIeased wIIh me. II you are noI pIeased wIIh me, aI IeasI puI Your
Mercy upon me.

3. HIs exceIIenI manners, nobIIIIy oI characIer, and care Ior Ihe peopIe.
He saId IhaI he wouId never IIe In hIs IIIe even II IhIs IIIe wouId brIng Io hIm Ihe weaIIh oI Ihe
enIIre worId.
He IoId hIs IrIends IhaI II Ihey wanIed someIhIng Irom hIm, do noI ask hIm buI wrIIe II on a pIece
oI paper and gIve II Io hIm because he IeII IhaI II he was asked, Ihen he may IeeI shy and IhaI II
Is a humIIIaIIon Ior Ihe oIher person.
He saId no one ever praIsed hIm excepI IhaI he remembered how smaII he Is and IhaI he Is noI
worIhy oI IhaI praIse.
He cared abouI oIhers.

4. HIs baIanced appIIcaIIon oI reIIgIon, based on correcI undersIandIng oI Ihe SharI'ah and IIs purposes,
and due Io hIs undersIandIng oI human naIure.
MusIIms were exposed Io many new cuIIures, and MuIarrII was very open mInded when deaIIng
wIIh Ihese cuIIures.
He undersIood beIng rIghIeous and a worshIpper does noI mean IhaI you do noI enjoy Ihe
bounIIes oI AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa) In IhIs dunIyah. He saId: II we were Io sIand Ihe enIIre
nIghI askIng AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa) Io kIII us aII because we are noI graIeIuI enough,
aIhumduIIIIah AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa) does noI wanI IhIs Irom us and wIII be pIeased wIIh us
Ior much Iess and jusI IoIIowIng Ihe commands oI AIIah.
He saId: I wouId raIher spend Ihe enIIre nIghI sIeepIng and wakIng up regreIIIng IhaI I dId noI
pray qIyam aIIayI Ihan spend Ihe enIIre nIghI prayIng qIyam aIIayI and wake up IeeIIng proud oI
whaI I dId.
Zayd Ibn SaIwan used Io have a sIudy group. One day, MuIarrII wenI Io joIn Ihem and Iound
Zayd IeIIIng Ihem: O servanI oI AIIah, be good Io your Lord. WorshIppIng AIIah shouId be based
on hope and Iear. One day, MuIarrII saw Zayd wrIIIng on a pIece oI paper, and he asked everyone
Io say: I swear by AIIah, I joIn you and sIgn. (Zayd wanIed Io Iake bay'ah Io IoIIow hIm). MuIarrII
asked whaI Is In Ihe paper. He was IoId: AIIah Is our Lord, Muhammad (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam) Is our propheI, Ihe Quran Is our source oI guIdance, and whoever Is wIIh us, we wIII be
wIIh hIm and whoever Is noI wIIh us, we wIII noI care abouI hIm. MuIarrII was asked II he wouId
joIn Ihem and sIgn II, and MuIarrII Ibn AbduIIah, who was younger Ihan Zayd, saId: No, I wIII noI
joIn IhIs and gIve you IhIs pIedge oI aIIegIance. WhaIever Is In IhIs book Is aIready In Ihe Book oI
AIIah, and IhIs Is breakIng Irom Ihe socIeIy and makIng anoIher group wIIhIn Ihe bIg group oI Ihe
MusIIm socIeIy, and I wIII noI joIn IhIs. AII oI a sudden, aII oI Ihe oIher 30 peopIe agreed wIIh
MuIarrII and canceIIed Ihe enIIre projecI.

S. HIs mIracIes (karaamaaI).
i2
II has been narraIed IhaI when he waIked In Ihe dark, Ihe sIIck In hIs hand wouId have IIghI
comIng ouI oI II.
PeopIe wIInessed IhaI Ihey have seen some oI hIs uIensIIs makIng Iasbeeh In IronI oI hIm.

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

MuIarrII once saw AIMuhaIIab Ibn AbI SuIrah sIruIIIng arroganIIy In a very expensIve sIIk robe, so he saId Io
hIm: "Oh sIave oI AIIah! ThIs Is a waIk IhaI Is haIed by AIIah and HIs Messenger (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam)."

AIMuhaIIab asked proudIy: "Don'I you know who I am7"

He saId In repIy: "Yes, you sIarIed as a IowIy sperm, and wIII end as a roIIen corpse, and beIween Ihe Iwo,
you are a carrIer oI Ieces."

IoIIowIng MuIarrII's sIaIemenI, AIMuhaIIab IeII Ihe area and abandoned Ihe way he used Io waIk.

Dcui

He dIed In AIBasrah In Ihe year 9S AH (713 CL). He asked hIs broIher, Yazeed, noI Io make a pubIIc
announcemenI abouI hIs deaIh.

Giji jion |uiuiiij ibr bduu ibr ->ikkcci

"There Is noIhIng a person Is gIven, aIIer IaIIh, whIch Is beIIer Ior hIm Ihan a sound mInd."

cor jion ic ijc oj |uiuiiij ibr bduu ibr ->ikkcci

Whenever Ihere Is a IIInah, do noI make a debaIe buI answer In a way Io cIose Ihe door Ior Ihe
argumenIs Io save yourseII Irom Ihe IIInah.
ComprehensIve undersIandIng oI IsIam.
WIIh Ihe Iype oI knowIedge he had sIudyIng under Ihe companIons, he was a greaI schoIar buI was
scared Io be InvoIved In Ihe IIInah because he Ieared noI beIng abIe Io proIecI hImseII Irom II.
Nowadays, we are much Iess In knowIedge and do noI hesIIaIe Io InvoIve ourseIves In Ihe IIInah such as
IabeIIng a ruIer,governmenI,IndIvIduaI as kaaIIr.
Do noI Ieave Ihe Quran and Sunnah Ior anyone eIse's opInIons no maIIer how nobIe Ihe person may be.
BeIng cIoser Io AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa) Is a securIIy Ior you.
He dId noI IaII under peer pressure. HoId onIo whaI Is Irue.

" wu wordciir wui ic jourduiior joi u ood dccd eoud bc.
jourd iui ood dccd uic nurq, ue u piuqir urd juiir,
urd icq uic u ir ic urd oj u. vc uvc ro ueec io wui
u u cxecpi iiou ukir in, o icuizcd iui ic
jourduiior joi u ood dccd i du'uu.'
|uiuiiij

i
- -- -tuur tuur tuur tuur - -- -|uii. 1c |uici Jicueci |uii. 1c |uici Jicueci |uii. 1c |uici Jicueci |uii. 1c |uici Jicueci

unc

AIHasan Ibn Yasaar AIBasrI

Why Is hIs IasI name a cIIy and noI a IamIIy name7 UsuaIIy, Ihe schoIars wIII name a person aIIer Ihe cIIy he
or she IIved In Ior more Ihan S years. II a person IIved In many cIIIes, he wIII be gIven many names added
on. WhaI Is Ihe beneIII and hIkmah oI IhIs7 Ior Ihe schoIars oI hadeeIh, II shows whIch kInd oI knowIedge
he has and whaI Ieachers he has. II AI Hasan AI BasrI narraIed a hadeeIh Irom LgypI, Ihen II has Io be
InvesIIgaIed II he has been Io LgypI, buI II he narraIed a hadeeIh Irom KuIa, you know IhaI Basrah Is cIose Io
KuIa. II heIps Io IdenIIIy Ihe person beIIer and Io know abouI Ihe background oI Ihe person.

HIs IaIher Yasaar was noI an Arab person. MosI IIkeIy, he has PersIan rooIs, and Yasaar was a sIave owned
by Ihe companIon Zayd Ibn ThaabII AIAnsarI, who Is known Io have been very cIose Io Ihe PropheI (saI
AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) and Io have very good knowIedge oI Ihe Quran. Many companIons Ireed IheIr
sIaves.

HIs moIher was a sIave Io Umm SaIamah, Ihe wIIe oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). AIHasan AI
BasrI was raIsed Irom an earIy age In Ihe houses oI Ihe companIons and Ihe wIIe oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu
aIayhI wa saIIam). There are narraIIons IhaI Umm SaIamah was babysIIIIng AI Hasan AI BasrI whIIe hIs
moIher was workIng, and she sIarIed breasIIeedIng hIm even Ihough she was an oIder woman, and he
suckIed Irom her.

urqu

Abu Sa'eed

|iii

22 AH (642 CL) In MadInah

Dcui

110 AH (728 CL) In AIBasrah. He was 88 years oId when he dIed.

Cuiq ijc

He saId IhaI he used Io go IreeIy In Ihe house oI Ihe wIIe oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) whIIe
he was young, and he wouId jump Io Iouch Ihe rooI oI Ihe house, whIch shows IhaI Ihe house oI Ihe PropheI
(saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) Is very moderaIe.

HIs IaIher, Yasaar, was Ihe sIave oI Zayd Ibn ThabII AIAnsaarI (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). HIs moIher, Khayrah,
was Ihe sIave oI Umm AIMu'mIneen, Umm SaIamah (radhI AIIahu 'anhuma). Umm SaIamah (radhI AIIahu
'anha) Iooked aIIer Hasan occasIonaIIy when hIs moIher was absenI.

Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) once made a du'aa Ior hIm: "Oh AIIah! CIve hIm undersIandIng oI Ihe reIIgIon,
and make hIm beIoved by Ihe peopIe."

He sIudIed under Ihe senIor companIons, such as UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), Abu
Musa AIAsh'aree (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), Ibn Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), Ibn Abbas (radhI AIIahu 'anhu),
Mu'awIyah Ibn AbI SuIyan (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), |aabIr Ibn AbduIIah (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), and Anas Ibn MaaIIk
(radhI AIIahu 'anhu). AI Hasan AI BasrI was broughI Io Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) when he was a baby, and
i+
Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) made Ihe du'aa he made Ior Ibn Abbas: "Oh AIIah, make hIm IaqIh and person
wIIh a good undersIandIng oI Ihe reIIgIon and make hIm a IovIng person." AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa)
accepIed Ihe du'aa oI Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), and everyone Ioved AI Hasan AI BasrI.

HIs undersIandIng oI IIqh Is so cIear because he sIudIed under AII, Ibn Umar, Mu'awIyah, |abIr Ibn AbduIIah.
He resembIed Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu).

He IraveIed wIIh Anas Ibn MaIIk Io AIBasrah and seIIIed Ihere.

Abu Burdah saId abouI hIm: "I have wIInessed Ihe companIons oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam),
and I have noI seen anyone IhaI resembIes Ihem more Ihan IhIs shaykh (reIerrIng Io AIHasan AIBasrI."

Background oI AIBasrah:
LocaIed In souIhern Iraq. II Is Ihe second IargesI cIIy In Iraq and IIs maIn porI.
II Is sIIuaIed In souIhern Iraq on Ihe SharI AI Arab waIerway near Ihe narrow IraqIan enIry Io Ihe
PersIan CuII, beIween KuwaII and Iran.
Basrah pIayed an ImporIanI roIe In earIy IsIamIc cIIy, and II was Ihe IIrsI cIIy buIII In IsIam In 14 AH
(63S CL) under Ihe order oI Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). |When cIIIes are buIII, Iwo bIg buIIdIngs are
buIII In Ihe mIddIe (Ihe paIace and Ihe masjId). There Is an empIy area around Ihe paIace, and a bIg
cIrcuIar area around boIh wIIh Ihe markeIs. AIIer Ihe markeIs wIII come Ihe houses ouIsIde. OuIsIde
oI IhaI wIII be Ihe cemeIery. PeopIe may IIve ouIsIde oI Ihe cemeIery as Ihe cIIy expands.]
The economIc base oI Ihe cIIy Is Ihe reIInIng and exporIIng oI oII and chemIcaIs.
PrImary InhabIIanIs are MusIIms buI mosI oI Ihem are |aIarI ShIa secI, 2S sunnI, and a smaII mInorIIy
oI ChrIsIIans and Mandaeans.
Basrah Is oIIen caIIed "Ihe cIIy wIIh MashrabIyas (ShanasheeI)" because oI IIs numerous shanasheeIs.
Basrah was Iounded In 14 AH by Umar Ibn AI KhaIIab (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) Ior mIIIIary purposes. He
wanIed Io use Ihe deserI as a securIIy Ior Ihe reIreaI oI Ihe BedouIn Arabs.
The oId cIIy oI Basrah was acIuaIIy esIabIIshed a Iew kIIomeIers souIh oI Ihe currenI day Basrah;
however, a IeII (a mound or hIII Is an archaeoIogIcaI sIIe) sIIII IIes markIng II.
The name AIBasrah, whIch In ArabIc means "Ihe over waIchIng" or "Ihe seeIng everyIhIng" was gIven Io
II because oI IIs roIe as a mIIIIary base agaInsI Ihe SassanId LmpIre
OIher sources say Ihe name orIgInaIes Irom Ihe PersIan word basadh (In many ways come IogeIher)
Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) esIabIIshed II as a cIIy wIIh S dIsIrIcIs and appoInIed Abu Musa AIAsharI as
IIs IIrsI governor.
In 6S0 CL (29 CL), UIhman Ibn AIIan (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) reorganIzed Ihe PersIan IronIIer and InsIIIIed
AbduIIah Ibn AmIr as Ihe governor and puI Ihe InvasIon's souIhern wIng under Basrah's responsIbIIIIy.
DurIng Ihe AbbasId dynasIy, Basrah became an InIeIIecIuaI cenIer.
Basrah was a IIourIshIng commercIaI and cuIIuraI cenIer Ior a Iong IIme.

ppcuiurec urd Cuiueiciiiie

He was a very good IookIng man; he was IaII, broad shouIdered and had a soII, handsome Iook on hIs Iace.
He had IaIr coIored skIn and wouId dye hIs haIr gray bIond. He was muscuIar, so IhaI hIs bIceps and IrIceps
were a handspan wIde. He used Io wear cIoIhIng Iaken Irom Ihe PersIans whIch Is made oI a IhIck maIerIaI
and wouId eIIher be draped over Ihe shouIders or IaId on Ihe head hangIng over Ihe shouIders. When he
wouId waIk on Ihe sIreeIs wearIng IhIs cIoIhIng, peopIe wouId IhInk IhaI he Is Ihe kIng oI Ihe pIace.

AI'Awwam saId abouI hIs appearance: "He was so goodIookIng, I cannoI descrIbe hIm wIIh anyIhIng more
accuraIe Ihan IhaI he had Ihe Iook oI Ihe propheIs." AI'Awwam never saw a propheI, buI propheIs aIways
have nIce IeaIures.

He used Io wear a bIack Iurban, a Iong garmenI, and a KurdIsh robe In Ihe wInIer and wouId wear a IInen
Izaar (paIIIum), a shIrI, and a IIghI shawI, IhaI Iooked as soII as sIIk, In Ihe summer.

i
SaIaam once saId: "I saw a robe on AIHasan IhaI shImmered IIke goId."

AIHasan's Iood was known Io be deIIcIous; IIs smeII was recognIzed and descrIbed Io smeII beIIer Ihan
perIume. There was aIways IruII In Ihe house oI AI Hasan AI BasrI, and peopIe wouId come Io hIs house Io
eaI II. He wouId ask hIs sIudenIs II Ihey puI IheIr hands In Ihe pockeIs oI IheIr broIhers and Iake Irom II,
and Ihey saId no, and he saId IhaI Ihey are noI broIhers yeI.

He had a very good reIaIIonshIp wIIh hIs IrIends and sIudenIs. Ibn AIAsh'aIh was IoId IhaI II AI Hasan AI
BasrI joIned hIm, Ihen peopIe wouId IIghI Ior hIm IIke Ihey IoughI Ior AIsha.


1. CrowIng up In Ihe home oI Umm SaIamah (radhI AIIahu 'anha).

2. SIudyIng under Ihe senIor sahabah.

3. CrowIng up In Ihe goIden era oI earIy IsIam.

4. WIInessIng Ihe murder oI UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) and Ihe IIInah IhaI ensued.

He was 14 years oId when UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was kIIIed. He undersIood whaI rebeIIIon couId do Io
Ihe ummah.

S. SeeIng Ihe IIInah IhaI occurred beIween Ihe sahabah In Ihe IIme oI AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu), and IIs
negaIIve consequences.

6. LIvIng Ihrough Ihe poIIIIcaI changes IhaI occurred when Ihe KhIIaIah came In Ihe hands oI Ihe
Umayyads, beIng passed down Irom Mu'awwIyah (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) Io hIs son.

7. WIInessIng Ihe economIc changes IhaI happened durIng Ihe era oI UIhman and appeared even more
sIrongIy In Ihe IIme oI Ihe Umayyads.
AIBasrah was a pIace Ior Irade. He saw how money became Ihe masIers oI peopIe and Ihe essenIIaI IhIng In
IheIr IIves.

8. AIHajjaj's oppressIve regIme and Ihe evII II caused.

AIHajjaj dIed when he was 9S years oId and was a Iransgressor. The PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam)
saId IhaI Irom one IrIbe wIII come a person who Is a kIIIer, and Ihe uIema agree IhaI IhIs descrIpIIon IIIs AI
Hajjaj Ihe mosI. Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez dIsIIked AIHajjaj a IoI and saId IhaI II every naIIon broughI Ihe
worsI person Irom II, AIHajjaj wouId be Ihe worsI. AIHajjaj wouId Ihrow peopIe InIo a dry weII unIII deaIh
came Io Ihem. The uIema saId IhaI II Ihere Is anyIhIng we envy AIHajjaj Ior II Is how he ended hIs IIIe. The
IasI words he saId beIore hIs deaIh were: "Oh AIIah Ihe MosI MercIIuI, Ihey cIaIm IhaI Your Mercy cannoI
IncIude someone IIke me. Oh AIIah, dIsappoInI Ihem by showIng Ihem how MercIIuI You are Io me."

One IIme a man came Io AI Hasan AI BasrI and saId IhaI he IoId hIs wIIe: II AI Hajjaj Is noI goIng Io HeIIIIre,
Ihen you are dIvorced. The man asked, Is my wIIe dIvorced7 AI Hasan AI BasrI saId IhaI hIs wIIe Is noI
dIvorced because II AI Hajjaj aIIer aII he has done Is noI In Ihe HeIIIIre, Ihen IIve wIIh your wIIe even II she Is
no Ionger your wIIe because II wIII be IorgIven.

9. The emergence oI devIanI groups, such as Ihe KhawaarIj, Ihe RawaaIId, and Ihe QadarIyyah.

10. WIInessIng Ihe era oI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez, Ihe symboI oI jusIIce.

it
11. HIs wIde experIence: IIvIng Ihrough Iwo generaIIons (sahabah and IabI'een), experIencIng Ihe cuIIures oI
HIjaaz and Iraq, IIvIng Ihrough sIabIe IImes and IImes oI poIIIIcaI unresI.

He heId IIghI Io Ihe prIncIpIes and meIhodoIogy oI Ihe companIons oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam).

>iuiu

QaIaadah saId regardIng hIm: "I have never meI a schoIar wIIhouI seeIng IhaI he beneIIIed Irom AIHasan.
He (AIHasan) was Ihe mosI knowIedgeabIe person In haIaI and haraam."

Anas Ibn MaIIk (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was asked abouI an Issue, and he repIIed: "Ask my sIave, AIHasan."
They quesIIoned: "We are askIng you and you are reIerrIng us Io AIHasan7" He saId: "Ask hIm. He heard
whaI I heard, buI he remembered whaI I IorgoI."
Lesson: We have Io promoIe one anoIher and heIp one anoIher. CreaIe new Ieaders In Ihe communIIy.

Some sIudenIs came Io Ayoub AsSukhIIyanI and asked who Ihey shouId sIudy under, and he saId: "Your
eyes wIII never see anyone IIke AI Hasan AI BasrI." (He was IncIudIng hImseII In IhIs sIaIemenI)

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. HIs broad knowIedge oI aII aspecIs oI Ihe SharI'ah.

HIs sIudenIs wouId hear someIhIng new everyday, whIch means he had a IoI oI knowIedge. Abu SaIamah
saId: I memorIzed 8,000 IaIwah IhaI AI Hasan gave.

AIMudheerah saId: The one who knows Ihe besI abouI judgmenI and Ihe person who knows hIsIory very
weII Is Imam AshShaamI, and Ihe person who knows so much abouI Ihe IIqh oI worshIp wIII be An
Nakha'ee, and Ihe one who knows Ihe besI abouI Ihe IIqh oI Hajj and Umrah Is 'AIa, and Ihe one who has so
much knowIedge oI IaIseer Is Sa'eed Ibn |ubayr, and Ihe one who masIered Ihe IIqh oI busIness IransacIIons
Is Ibn SIreen, and Ihe one who masIered aII oI IhIs Is AI Hasan AI BasrI.

2. HIs knowIedge resuIIIng In hIs own rIghIeousness and ImpacIIng oIher peopIe by InsIIIIIng Iaqwah In
Ihem.

3. HIs greaI eIoquence and nobIe characIer.

Abu |aIIar, Ihe AbbasId khaIIIah, once asked how AI Hasan AI BasrI became so Iamous and was IoId IhaI he
memorIzed Ihe enIIre Quran when he was 12 years oId and he dId noI IInIsh a surah unIII he undersIood Ihe
meanIng and knew when II was senI Io Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam), and he was never seen In
Ihe markeI seIIIng or buyIng, and he never accepIed a posIIIon oIIered Io hIm by Ihe khaIIIah, and he never
IoId someone Io do someIhIng unIII he dId II IIrsI and he never IoId peopIe Io absIaIn Irom someIhIng unIII
he absIaIned Irom II Ihe mosI.

4. HIs IruIhIuIness and hIs pracIIce oI whaI he preached.

S. HIs exceIIenI manners and heIpIuIness Iowards oIhers.

He IasIed Mondays and Thursdays and Ihe Ihree whIIe days and mosI oI DhuI HIjjah and Rajab and some
oIher monIhs. He parIIcIpaIed In more Ihan 80 baIIIes wIIh Ihe MusIIm army. He wouId say: W'AIIahI Io
waIk wIIh my broIher and heIpIng hIm Is more beIoved Io me Ihan makIng I'IIkaaI In Ihe masjId Ior one
monIh.

i
Once he heard peopIe cursIng AI Hajjaj aIIer Ihe deaIh oI AI Hajjaj, and he IoId Ihe man: AI Hajjaj has dIed
and gone Io hIs Lord. When you dIe and go Io your Lord, you wIII noI remember hIs sIns, and you wIII onIy
remember your sIns, so IhaI Is whaI you shouId concenIraIe on Ioday.

He saId a person wIII aIways be respecIed as Iong as he does noI desIre whaI oIhers have In IheIr hands.

6. The moderaIIon In hIs vIews and pracIIce and hIs good undersIandIng oI how Io deaI wIIh Ihe changes In
socIeIaI cIrcumsIances.

7. HIs greaI da'wah.

8. HIs asceIIcIsm.

>uji oi ur eciie?

He was never a SuII. SuIIsm dId noI exIsI durIng hIs IIme.

AIHasan AIBasrI used Io cry when he reIaIed Ihe hadeeIh narraIed by Anas Ibn MaaIIk IhaI spoke oI Ihe Iree
Irunk IhaI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) used Io sIand on when deIIverIng hIs sermons. When
Ihey made Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) a mImbar, Ihe Iree Irunk was heard cryIng. The PropheI
(saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) go down and hugged Ihe Iree Irunk unIII II had sIopped cryIng. AIHasan used
Io say: "Oh sIaves oI AIIah! A Iree Irunk Iongs Ior Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam), so you shouId
IeeI more IongIng Io be wIIh hIm."

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

In 103 AH (721 CL), 'Umar Ibn Hubayrah AIIIzaaree, Ihe ruIer oI Iraq durIng Ihe IIme oI Yazeed Ibn
AbduIMaIIk, caIIed Ibn SIreen, AshSha'bee, and AIHasan AIBasrI and saId Io Ihem: "AIIah has chosen
Yazeed as HIs khaIIIah on earIh and has ordered us Io obey hIm, and he has asked me Io ruIe over Iraq, so
whaI do you say7"

Ibn SIreen and AshSha'bee saId some IacIIuI words, so as noI Io anger Ihe ruIer.

Ibn Hubarayah Ihen saId: "WhaI abouI you, AIHasan7 WhaI do you say7"

AIHasan saId: "Oh son oI Hubayrah, Iear AIIah more Ihan Yazeed, and do noI Iear Yazeed more Ihan AIIah.
AIIah can proIecI you Irom Yazeed, buI Yazeed cannoI proIecI you Irom AIIah. Very soon, AIIah wIII send Io
you an angeI Io sIrIp you Irom your kIngdom and Iake you down Irom your Ihrone Io your grave. He wIII
Iake you ouI oI your wIde paIace Io your IIny hoIe. In IhaI grave, noIhIng can save you excepI your deeds."

Ibn Hubayrah accepIed IhIs advIce. When he gave Ihem each a gIII reward, he doubIed AIHasan's share.

AshSha'bee and Ibn SIreen saId: "We gave hIm cheap words, so he gave us cheap gIIIs."

Dcui

On a Thursday nIghI, Ihe 1sI oI Rajab 110 AH (OcIober 9, 728 CL), AIHasan IaInIed. He Ihen regaIned
conscIousness and saId: "You have awaked me Irom Cardens and sprIngs." He dIed soon aIIerwards.

HIs IuneraI prayer was aIIer Ihe |um'ah prayer In Ihe maIn masjId In AIBasrah. AII Ihe peopIe oI AIBasrah
IoIIowed hIs processIon Io Ihe graveyard, Io Ihe exIenI IhaI no one was IeII In AIBasrah Io caII Ihe adhaan
Ior 'Asr saIah.

i8
Giji jion -tuur -|uii:

"WhaI IerrIbIe companIons are Ihe dIrham and dInar. They do noI beneIII you unIII Ihey Ieave you."

Ibn AIArabI saId IhaI he was marrIed Io a woman Irom Ihe peopIe oI Ihe book. We do noI know anyIhIng
abouI hIs chIIdren, whIch means he eIIher never had chIIdren or IhaI hIs chIIdren were noI schoIars.

cor jion ic ijc oj -tuur -|uii
AI Hasan AI BasrI was a zahId buI dId noI wear cheap cIoIhIng. Lveryone Is dIIIerenI. II depends on
whaI moIIvaIes Ihe person Io become cIoser Io AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa).

eiiviiq. tow eur qou iicricr qoui cuii' uiiuencri io ic cicujici?
Co Io Iorums.aImaghrIb.org and Iook Ior Ihe Ihread!
i,
Onui ibr bdu Onui ibr bdu Onui ibr bdu Onui ibr bdu- -- -zccz zccz zccz zccz. 1c i Jiiq Gu . 1c i Jiiq Gu . 1c i Jiiq Gu . 1c i Jiiq Guidcd uiju idcd uiju idcd uiju idcd uiju

Umar Ibn AIKhaIIab (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) used Io waIk In Ihe sIreeIs oI MadInah durIng Ihe nIghI. One nIghI
whIIe he Is waIkIng, he hears a noIse In a smaII house, and he heard a woman IeIIIng her daughIer:
"DaughIer, come here and mIx IhIs mIIk wIIh waIer." Her daughIer saId, "No, we shouId noI do IhaI. Umar
Ibn AIKhaIIab (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) saId IhaI II Is noI aIIowed Io seII mIIk mIxed wIIh waIer because II Is
cheaIIng." The moIher saId, "How wIII Umar come Io know IhIs7" The daughIer saId, "II Umar does noI
know, Ihe Lord oI Umar knows." Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) was so Impressed wIIh IhIs young woman, he
wenI back home and sIepI and Ihe nexI day he gaIhered hIs chIIdren and asked: "Who amongsI you wanIs Io
geI marrIed7" HIs son AsIm saId IhaI he wanIed Io geI marrIed. Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) wenI Io ask Ior
Ihe daughIer Ior hIs son. He saId IhaI a woman IIke IhIs wIII brIng Io Ihe MusIIm ummah a greaI Ieader, and
I IhInk IhaI Irom IhIs woman AIIah wIII brIng a greaI Ieader. ThIs woman onIy had daughIers and no sons.
Among Ihe daughIers was LayIa. LayIa Is Ihe moIher oI Umar Ibn AbduIAzeez. Umar Ibn AbduIAzeez Is Ihe
grandson oI Umar Ibn AIKhaIIab.

One nIghI Umar Ibn AIKhaIIab had a dream IhaI amongsI hIs chIIdren wIII come a Ieader IhaI wIII unIIe Ihe
ummah, and when he heard Ihe woman In Ihe house, he IhoughI IhaI IhIs may be Ihe woman who wouId be
Ihe moIher oI Ihe greaI Ieader.

unc

Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez Ibn Marwaan Ibn AI Hakam

urqu

AIQurayshI, AIUmawee, AIMadanI Ihen AdDImIshqee, Abu HaIs

|iii

60 AH (679 CL) In MadInah, durIng Ihe reIgn oI Yazeed, son oI Mu'awIyah

Dcui

101 AH (719 CL) aI approxImaIeIy 40 years oI age

LarIy LIIe

HIs moIher, LaIya bInI AsIm Ibn Umar Ibn AI KhaIIab, was Ihe daughIer oI Ihe rIghIeous woman IhaI Umar
Ibn AI KhaIIab (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) hImseII chose Ior hIs son AsIm.

HIs IaIher, AbduI Azeez, was a prInce who was appoInIed as a ruIer oI LgypI In 6S AH (684 CL). He Is Irom
Ihe Quraysh.

He was Irom Ihe RoyaI Umawee IamIIy.

He grew up In MadInah under Ihe care oI hIs moIher, In Ihe house oI hIs uncIe, AbduIIah Ibn Umar. LaIer,
hIs moIher joIned her husband In LgypI, and he was IeII under Ihe care oI hIs maIernaI uncIes.

He sIudIed under Ihe care oI hIs moIher, In Ihe house oI hIs uncIe, AbduIIah Ibn Umar Ibn AI KhaIIab. LaIer,
hIs moIher joIned her husband In LgypI, and he was IeII under Ihe care oI hIs maIernaI uncIes. Umar Ibn
AbduI Azeez Ioved AbduIIah Ibn Umar and IoId hIs moIher IhaI hIs goaI Is Io be IIke hIs uncIe In knowIedge
and abIIIIIes and quaIIIIes.

2o
He sIudIed under Anas Ibn MaIIk (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) In MadInah and SaaIIm Ibn AbduIIah Ibn Umar and
UbaIduIIah Ibn Masood. Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez saId IhaI sIudyIng wIIh UbaIduIIah Is more vaIuabIe Ihan
goIng Io Ihe markeI and makIng 1,000 pIeces oI goId proIII. When he became Ihe khaIIIah, he used Io say
IhaI II UbaIduIIah was aIIve, Ihen IhIs (beIng Ihe khaIIIah) wouId be easy because he wouId be abIe Io gIve
exceIIenI advIce, buI by IhaI IIme he had aIready passed away.

He memorIzed Ihe Quran In hIs chIIdhood.

HIs IaIher appoInIed a specIaI Ieacher, SaaIIh Ibn Kaysaan. SaaIIh Ibn Kaysaan was a Ieacher who IaughI
manners and eIIqueIIes. UnIII Ioday, Ihe royaI IamIIIes aIways care IhaI IheIr chIIdren Iearn royaI eIIqueIIes.
SaaIIh Ibn Kaysaan was someIImes Iough wIIh Umar. Once Umar came IaIe and mIssed Ihe IIrsI rak'ah In
saIah In congregaIIon, and he asked hIm why he mIssed Ihe saIah. Umar repIIed IhaI he was IIxIng hIs haIr.
SaaIIh saId: "Your haIr caused you Io mIss Ihe IIrsI rak'ah7" He wroIe hIs IaIher a IeIIer and remInded hIm oI
Ihe ImporIance oI saIah. The nexI day, Umar came wIIh very shorI haIr. Umar aIways saId IhaI SaaIIh Ibn
Kaysaan had a greaI InIIuence on hIm and IaughI hIm Irom an earIy age.

HIs uncIe AbduI MaIIk Ibn Marwan, Ihe khaIIIah, Iook care oI hIm aIIer hIs IaIher's deaIh.

He was marrIed Io Ihe KhaIIIah's daughIer, IaIImah bInI AbduI MaIIk. He marrIed a woman whose broIhers
were khuIaIaa and her IaIher was a Ieader. He was raIsed amongsI Ihe sons oI Ihe khaIIIah. He was rIch buI
schoIarIy.

He memorIzed Ihe Quran beIore Ihe age oI puberIy.

ppcuiurec o Cuiueiciiiie

Umar was Ian coIored and IhInIy buIII. He had a becomIng beard on a smaII, genIIy Iace and hIs eyes Iay
deep. He had a Iew gray IInes oI haIr In hIs beard and had a scar on hIs Iorehead, buI was descrIbed as beIng
handsome. He IIved a IIIe oI Iuxury as a young man. He wouId wear cIoIhIng worIh a Ihousand dInar and
wouId say: "II Is good, buI II Is a IIIIIe rough." He aIso used Io wear expensIve perIumes, whIch wouId be
recognIzed by Ihe peopIe oI MadInah.

A narraIor saId IhaI aIIer Umar became Ihe khaIIIah, he saw Umar IouchIng Ihe worsI quaIIIy oI maIerIaIs In
Ihe markeI and sayIng: "ThIs Is Ioo soII." Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez changed aIIer becomIng Ihe khaIIIah.


1. BeIng a member oI Ihe royaI IamIIy and havIng experIenced Ihe IIIe IhaI Ihe Umawees (Umayyads) had.
He saw Ihe IuxurIous IIIe and how much power peopIe had.

2. CrowIng up In MadInah, hIs IIes wIIh hIs uncIes and wIIh SaaIIh Ibn Kaysaan, hIs prIvaIe IuIor.

3. HIs marrIage Io IaIImah, Ihe rIghIeous wIIe, and hIs son AbduI MaIIk.

When Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez became Ihe khaIIIah, he IoId her IhaI any goId, money, and Iands IhaI her
IaIher had gIven Io her as a gIII goes back Io Ihe Ireasury. (IsIamIcaIIy, she has Ihe rIghI Io keep II because II
was a gIII.) She IoId her husband IhaI she wIII gIve II aII up, and she reIurned II aII Io Ihe MusIIm Ireasury.
AIIer hIs deaIh, her broIher became Ihe khaIIIah and IoId her IhaI II she wanIs, he wIII order aII oI Ihe goId
Io be gIven back. She IoId her broIher: "Shame on you. You wanI me Io obey my husband durIng hIs IIIe
and dIsobey hIm aIIer hIs deaIh7 No." She sIood besIde her husband when he Iook Ihe mosI dIIIIcuII
decIsIons. She was a commIIIed wIIe and supporIIve oI her husband, whIch made hIm a successIuI person.

4. HIs growIng up In an era oI knowIedge, especIaIIy In Ihe narraIIon oI HadeeIh and Ihe sIaIemenIs oI Ihe
sahabah.
2i
S. BecomIng Ihe prInce oI MadInah In 87 AH (70S CL) and becomIng Ihe ruIer oI HIjaz In 91 AH (709 CL).
ThIs gave hIm Ihe opporIunIIy Io InIeracI wIIh many schoIars and peopIe.

BeIng a ruIer gave hIm Ihe opporIunIIy Io make Ihe order oI coIIecIIng Ihe Sunnah.

6. LsIabIIshIng Ihe IIrsI commIIIee Io documenI Ihe Sunnah oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam).

DurIng IhIs IIme, Ihe hadeeIh were spreadIng ouI aII over Ihe MusIIm worId. Umar was Ihe IIrsI man In Ihe
hIsIory oI IsIam Io make an oIIIcIaI order Io coIIecI Ihe sunnah oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam).
He gave IhIs Iask Io Muhammad Ibn ShIhab azZuhrI, who became Ihe head oI Ihe commIIIee.

7. WIInessIng Ihe appearance oI devIanI secIs, such as Ihe KhawaarIj, Ihe ShI'a, and Ihe QadarIyyah.

He reaIIzed IhaI when aII oI Ihese IIIan happen, Ihey sIop MusIIms Irom IakIng care oI IheIr own counIry.
Because oI Ihe probIem oI Ibn Zubayr, AbduI MaIIk Ibn Marwan's army was IIghIIng In Iraq or MadInah, and
he couId noI deIend Ihe MusIIms agaInsI Ihe Roman aIIacks, so he made a IreaIy wIIh Ihe Romans IhaI he
wouId pay 1,000 pIeces oI goId every IrIday II Ihe Romans wouId Ieave Ihe MusIIms aIone.

8. MovIng Io Damascus aIIer hIs resIgnaIIon Irom hIs posIIIon as ruIer oI HIjaaz, aIIer Ihe IncIdenI oI
Khubayb Ibn AbduIIah Ibn AzZubayr's deaIh.

The son oI AbduIIah Ibn Zubayr (Khubayb) sIarIed causIng probIems. He narraIed a weak hadeeIh reporIed
by BayhaqI IhaI II Ihe chIIdren II Ihe Umayyads became 30 men, Ihey wIII abuse peopIe and sIeaI Ihe weaIIh
oI Ihe MusIIm communIIy. Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez became angry and ordered hIs soIdIers Io puI hIm In jaII
and Iash hIm one hundred IImes. AIIer IhaI, he came In Ihe mornIng Io see hIm and Iook a conIaIner IuII oI
coId waIer and Ihrew II on hIm whIIe hIs wounds were open. ThIs was In Ihe wInIer IIme, and he goI hIgh
Iever and dIed. ThIs was a IurnIng poInI In Ihe IIIe oI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez who IeII IhaI he was
responsIbIe Ior Ihe deaIh oI IhIs man. Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez wouId wake up In Ihe nIghI scared and cryIng,
and when peopIe IoId hIm how much jusIIce he broughI, he wouId say IhaI Is IIne, buI how wIII I deaI wIIh
Khubayb on Ihe Day oI |udgmenI. He saId IhaI he wouId see Ihe road Io ParadIse wIIh Khubayb bIockIng
hIm. Because oI IhIs, he reIused Io be Ihe prInce oI MadInah anymore and wenI Io Damascus.

9. HIs appoInImenI as Ihe KhaIIIah.

>iuiu

AIImam Ahmad saId abouI 'Umar: "II has been narraIed IhaI In every hundred years, AIIah wIII send one
who wIII revIve Ihe reIIgIon oI Ihe Ummah, and we have Iound Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez Io be Ihe one Ior Ihe
IIrsI cenIury, and we Iooked InIo Ihe second hundred and Iound II Io be AI Imam AshShaaII'ee."

SuIIyyan AIhThawrI and AshShaaII'ee used Io say: "The rIghIIy guIded khuIaIaa' were IIve: Abu Bakr,
Umar, UIhman, AII, and Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez."

Maymoon Ibn Mahraan saId abouI hIm: "He was Ihe Ieacher oI Ihe schoIars." They used Io say schoIars In
IronI oI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez were IIke sIudenIs because oI Ihe amounI oI knowIedge he had. One saId
IhaI Ihey used Io go IhInkIng IhaI Ihey wouId beneIII Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez, buI Ihey wouId come ouI
agreeIng IhaI Ihey Iearned Irom hIm. The opInIon oI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez Is someIhIng IhaI Imam MaaIIk
In hIs IIqh rareIy wenI agaInsI. AI BukharI respecIed hIs opInIons a IoI and menIIons hIs opInIons oIIen.

22
>pceiu Ouuiiic
1. He was abIe Io combIne beIng a poIIIIcaI ruIer and a schoIar. ThIs Is very dIIIIcuII Io achIeve.

2. He knew Ihe reaI meanIng oI zuhd (asceIIcIsm) because:
He had IasIed Ihe IuxurIous IIIe.
He had access Io weaIIh Ihrough hIs IamIIy.
He was a ruIer, wIIh aII Ihe power IhaI II enIaIIed.
He was young.

They used Io say MaaIIk Ibn DInar was zahId (an asceIIc), and he wouId say: "I am zahId7 I do noI own
anyIhIng In IhIs IIIe whIch Is why I am noI aIIached Io Ihe dunIyah. II you wanI Io see Ihe reaI zahId, go Iook
aI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez." He had everyIhIng and IeII II. The one who has seen Ihe weaIIh Is dIIIerenI Irom
Ihe one who has never seen II.

BeIore Ihe khIIaIah, hIs robes wouId cosI 1,000 pIeces oI goId, and aIIer he became khaIIIah, hIs Iong shIrI
wouId noI be worIh even 10 pIeces oI sIIver.

A woman came Irom Iraq Io MadInah seekIng heIp and saId IhaI she needs money and has chIIdren. When
she saw Ihe house and meI IaIImah, she saId: "WhaI kInd oI house Is IhIs7 I came here Io puI IurnIIure In
my house, and you have an empIy house7 How wIII I IIII my house Irom an empIy house7" IaIImah saId,
"WhaI made IhIs house empIy Is IIIIIng houses IIke your house."
A worker came In and sIarIed Io make mud Io IIx someIhIng In Ihe house, and she saId IhaI she noIIced
IaIImah and Ihe man IookIng aI each oIher and smIIIng. She saId: "Hey woman, whaI are you doIng IookIng
aI IhIs man7 Have respecI! You are Ihe wIIe oI Ihe khaIIIah!" IaIImah smIIed and saId, "ThIs Is Ihe khaIIIah.
ThIs Is my husband." The woman was shocked and saId IhaI she never IhoughI IhaI Ihe one who ruIed Ihe
worId IIved such a sImpIe IIIe. Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez saId, "WhaI do you wanI7" She saId, "I need you Io
IaIk Io Ihe governmenI oI Iraq Io gIve me monIhIy money Io heIp me and my chIIdren." He wroIe a IeIIer,
and she Iook Ihe IeIIer and wenI Io Iraq. The governor oI Iraq Iooked aI Ihe IeIIer and sIarIed cryIng and
saId, "May AIIah IorgIve Ihe one who wroIe Ihe IeIIer." She asked, "Why7" He repIIed IhaI he has dIed. She
asked, "Are you noI goIng Io gIve me Ihe money7" He saId, "I wIII obey hIm jusI as I dId when he was aIIve."

3. HIs expanse oI knowIedge and deep undersIandIng oI aII aspecIs oI Ihe SharI'ah.

Imam MaaIIk and SuIIyyan AIhThawrI, whom peopIe saId was IIke Abu Bakr durIng hIs IIme, boIh saId IhaI
Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez Is an Imam and a roIe modeI. Imam Ahmad used Io say IhaI Ihere Is no one among
Ihe successors whose opInIon Ior me has auIhorIIy excepI Ihe opInIon oI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez.

When Anas Ibn MaaIIk prayed behInd Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez whIIe he was sIIII a prInce oI MadInah saId IhaI
Ihe saIah remInded hIm oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam).

4. He was very moIIvaIed and had cIear goaIs IhaI he sIrIved Io achIeve. Some oI Ihose goaIs were:
To be IIke hIs uncIe AbduIIah Ibn Umar.
To marry IaIImah, Ihe khaIIIah's daughIer.
To documenI, preserve, and spread Ihe knowIedge oI Ihe sunnah. Anyone who commIIIed Io
spreadIng knowIedge was gIven 1,000 pIeces oI goId every week. He beIIeved IhaI Ihese peopIe
shouId be gIven money Irom baII aI maI because Ihey are doIng a servIce Ior Ihe communIIy. He
ordered IhaI any sIudenI oI knowIedge shouId be gIven money Irom Ihe governmenI and Ihe space
and IIme Io Iearn.
To spread jusIIce and Io raIse Ihe economIc sIaIus oI Ihe pubIIc.

There was a habII oI Ihe Ieaders beIore hIm IhaI poeIs wouId come and praIse Ihem and wouId Ihen
be gIven money. II one oI Ihe Iamous poeIs had praIsed Ihe kIngs, Ihey wouId be preserved In
hIsIory because unIII Ioday we have hIs wrIIIngs. ThIs Iamous poeI came Io Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez,
and Umar asked hIm whaI he was goIng Io do, and Ihe poeI repIIed IhaI he wanIed Io praIse hIm.
2
Umar repIIed IhaI he does noI need hIs praIse. The poeI IrIed Io pIease Umar and recIIed someIhIng
eIse and Ihen asked Ior Ihe gIII. Umar saId IhaI IhIs money Is noI hIs Io gIve Io hIm and IhaI he dId
noI have any money Io gIve Io hIm. The poeI waIked ouI and Ihen IoId oIhers IhaI he jusI came Irom
a person who wIII gIve Io Ihe poor and noI Ihe poeIs who praIse hIm.

He was gIven someIhIng Io sIgn Io pay money Ior a new cIoIh Ior Ihe Kab'ah, and he decIIned. Umar
repIIed: "WhaI Is wrong wIIh whaI Is on Ihe Kab'ah now7" The peopIe IoId hIm IhaI every year Ihe
Kab'ah has a new cIoIh. Umar repIIed IhaI he knows peopIe who do noI have new cIoIhes every year,
and he wIII gIve Ihe money Io cIoIhe Ihe poor peopIe In Ihe kIngdom raIher Ihan purchasIng a new
cIoIh Ior Ihe Kab'ah.

SIop Ihe spreadIng oI InnovaIIon.

AI Hasan AI BasrI saId he receIved a IeIIer Irom Umar sayIng IhaI hIs goaI In Iraq Is Io revIve one
sunnah everyday and kIII one InnovaIIon and wIIh IhIs I wIII change aII oI Iraq. AIso In LgypI and Ihe
whoIe MusIIm worId.

S. He had greaI Iear oI AIIah and was aIways rememberIng Ihe HereaIIer.

IaIImah saId severaI nIghIs she wouId IInd her husband cryIng, and she asked hIm II he has done someIhIng
so bad. He saId no, buI I see Iwo roads, one Io ParadIse and one Io HeIIIIre, and I do noI know whIch one I
am goIng Io, and I sIarI cryIng.

One day Ihe IIghI wenI ouI aII oI a sudden, and when II came back on, Ihey Iound hIm cryIng. He saId IhaI II
remInded hIm oI Ihe grave, and he was wonderIng whaI he wIII do In Ihe grave.

He saId IhaI when he remembers IhaI he wIII be asked abouI everyone In hIs kIngdom, II Is someIhIng very
dIIIIcuII Ior hIm and makes hIm aIraId Io sIand beIore AIIah.

6. He surrounded hImseII wIIh rIghIeous advIsors and aIways soughI IheIr advIce.

KhaIId Ibn SaIwan advIsed Umar once: "Umar, AIIah has puI you In a posIIIon where Ihere Is no one hIgher
Ihan you In Ihe MusIIm worId. II IhIs Is whaI AIIah has gIven you, do noI IeI anyone In Ihe MusIIm worId be
more IhankIuI Io AIIah Ihan you." Umar puI hIs head down and sIarIed cryIng.

When he became Ihe khaIIIah, he asked SaaIIm Ior advIce. SaaIIm saId Io hIm: "Remember IhaI you wIII
sIand beIore AIIah and IhIs dunIyah wIII noI be Ior Iong."

One IoId hIm: "TreaI every eIder IIke your IaIher or moIher and every youIh IIke your son or daughIer and
everyone IhaI Is an aduII IIke a broIher or a sIsIer. ThIs Is how you wIII survIve."

Abu QuIabah saId: "I have a quesIIon Ior you: How much do you Iove goId or sIIver7" He repIIed IhaI he
does noI care abouI money. Abu QuIabah Ihen saId: "You are saIe and can survIve."

7. He was amazIngIy humbIe and known Ior hIs manners In deaIIng wIIh peopIe.

He was once waIkIng In Ihe masjId In Ihe nIghI and woke up someone who was sIeepIng who became angry
and saId: "Are you a donkey7" Umar repIIed: "No, I am Umar."

Once he had a servanI who was usIng a hand made Ian Io cooI hIm down, and she goI IIred and sIepI. She
woke up whIIe he was Ihen IannIng her, and she apoIogIzed, and he saId IhaI sInce she had done good Ior
hIm, he IhoughI he wouId do good Ior her.

He wouId noI aIIow anyone Io say In a gaIherIng: "assaIamu aIaykum ameer aI mu'mIneen" and saId IhaI Ihe
person had Io recognIze everyone In Ihe gaIherIng wIIh Ihe saIaam.
2+

Once a group oI peopIe came Io hIm Irom anoIher counIry or cIIy, and Ihe spokesman was a young boy.
Umar saId: "I see Ihere are eIders. Why do you noI IeI Ihem speak on behaII oI Ihe group7" The young man
saId, "AcIuaIIy I was chosen Io be Ihe spokesman. Ya ameer aI mu'mIneen, II Is noI abouI age. II II Is abouI
age, Ihere are so many who deserve Io be Ihe khaIIIah more Ihan you because you are so young. II Is abouI
knowIedge and abIIIIy." Umar saId, "You have saId Ihe IruIh. ConIInue." ThIs young boy beIng abIe Io IreeIy
say IhIs shows whaI kInd oI envIronmenI II was.

8. He was a jusI ruIer who cared abouI aII oI hIs peopIe, regardIess oI IheIr reIIgIon, socIaI IeveI, or race.

He saId Io Ihe ruIer oI LgypI IhaI he receIved a IeIIer Irom a Iady named IarIoona (she was a sIave woman)
who saId IhaI coyoIes come and eaI her chIcken and goaIs, and she does noI have money Io buIId a waII Io
proIecI Ihem. He wroIe Io Ihe ruIer oI LgypI and IoId hIm Io go by hImseII and Iook aI Ihe waII and make
sure IhaI he heIps her II she needs II.

He heard IhaI In LgypI Ihey wouId Ioad cameIs wIIh 998 kg and saId IhaI II Is Ioo much. He made a IederaI
Iaw IhaI II Is noI aIIowed Io puI a Ioad more Ihan 227 kg on Ihe cameIs.

One day one oI hIs servanIs broughI Io hIm IrIpIe oI whaI he usuaIIy he brIngs Irom IakIng Ihe muIe Io Ihe
markeI and back (IaxI servIce), and Umar saId IhaI II means IhaI he has made Ihe muIe work IrIpIe Ihe IIme
IhaI he works everyday, whIch Is noI IaIr, so gIve Ihe muIe Iwo days oII.

He dId noI IeI anyone who worked under AI Hajjaj IeadIng an army work Ior hIm because he saId IhaI AIIah
wIII noI gIve anyone who worked Ior AI Hajjaj vIcIory.

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez had eIeven sons, buI upon hIs deaIh, he had onIy IeII sevenIeen dInars as InherIIance
Ior Ihem.

He was asked: "You have IeII your chIIdren wIIh no money. Who wIII Iake care oI Ihem7"

Umar saId: "I never gave Ihem someIhIng IhaI was noI IheIrs, and I never wIIhheId IheIr rIghI Irom
someIhIng whIch was IheIrs. As Ior who wIII Iake care I Ihem, II Is Ihe One who aIways Iakes care oI Ihe
rIghIeous. My chIIdren are one oI Iwo kInds: Ihey are eIIher oI Ihose who obey Ihe command oI AIIah, or oI
Ihose who dIsobey HIm. II Ihey are rIghIeous, AIIah wIII Iake care oI Ihem, and II Ihey are noI, I do noI wanI
Io heIp Ihem commII a sIn wIIh my money."

Then he caIIed ouI Io hIs sons In a weak voIce mIxed wIIh Iears: "Oh my chIIdren, your IaIher had Iwo
choIces: Io make you rIch and enIer HeIIIIre, or Ieave you poor and enIer ParadIse. Ior me Io Ieave you poor
buI enIer ParadIse was more IavorabIe Ihan Ihe oIher. You may now go, may AIIah proIecI you aII."

AbdurRahman Ibn AIQaasIm saId: "Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez IeII behInd hIm eIeven sons, each one oI Ihem
InherIIed nIneIeen dIrhams; whIIe HIshaam Ibn AbduIMaIIk IeII behInd hIm eIeven sons, and each one oI
Ihem InherIIed one mIIIIon dInars. However, I have seen one oI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez's sons donaIIng a
hundred horses Io Ihe soIdIers goIng ouI Ior jIhad, and I have seen one oI HIshaam's sons beggIng on Ihe
sIreeIs."

'C nq oid, bcrcjii nc iiou nq nird.'
>uppieuiior oj Onui ibr bdu zccz
2
Dcui

AI Hajjaj haIed Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez and saId IhaI he gIves saIe haven Io Ihose who do noI IIke Ihe
Umayyads.

He dIed on IrIday, 9Ih or 10Ih oI Rajab, 101 AH (Iebruary 13, 720 CL) In Deer Sam'aan, Damascus, Irom
poIson. The poIson was puI In hIs drInk by hIs sIave. AIIer Umar drank Irom II and reaIIzed II Io be
poIsoned, he caIIed Ihe sIave and asked hIm why he had done IhaI.

The sIave saId: "Some prInces have paId me a Ihousand dInars and promIsed me IhaI Ihey wouId Iree me,
buI II I dId noI do II I wouId be murdered."

Then, Umar saId: "BrIng Ihe Ihousand dInars."

He ordered IhaI Ihe money be puI In Ihe pubIIc Ireasury, Ireed Ihe sIave, and ordered hIm Io Ieave Ihe cIIy
where he wouId noI be Iound. He never asked Ior Ihe names oI Ihe prInces IhaI had paId Ior hIm Io be
poIsoned.

He suIIered Irom Ihe eIIecIs oI Ihe poIson Ior 20 days unIII he dIed. On Ihe day oI hIs deaIh, he gaIhered aII
oI hIs chIIdren and IamIIy Io advIse Ihem. He IaIer ordered everyone Io Ieave Ihe room, IncIudIng hIs wIIe,
and Io cIose Ihe door behInd Ihem. They heard hIm sayIng, "WeIcome Io such Iaces, whIch are noI sImIIar Io
Ihe Iaces oI humans or jInn."

He Ihen recIIed Ihe verse:

7=? #$!# z# $=g %#9 #v= {# #Y$ 4 7)9# )F=9
"ThaI Home oI Ihe HereaIIer We shaII gIve Io Ihose who InIend noI hIghhandedness or
mIschIeI on earIh: and Ihe end Is (besI) Ior Ihe rIghIeous." |AIQasas:83]

When Ihey couId noI hear hIm anymore, Ihey enIered Ihe room and Iound hIm dead. He was IacIng Ihe
qIbIah, wIIh one hand above hIs eyes (havIng cIosed Ihem) and Ihe oIher above hIs mouIh. He wroIe In hIs
wIII IhaI Ihe greaI IaqIh, Rajaa' Ibn Haywah, wouId be In charge oI hIs burIaI, and he had saId: "When you
puI me In my grave, uncover my Iace and see II my Iace Is IacIng Ihe qIbIah. II II Is, Ihen Ihank AIIah and
Ieave. II oIher Ihan IhaI, Ihen go ouI Io Ihe MusIIms aI my grave and ask Ihem Io make du'aa IhaI AIIah
accepIs and IorgIves me."

Rajaa' saId: "When I puI hIm In hIs grave and uncovered hIs Iace, I Iound hIm aIready IacIng Ihe qIbIah, and
hIs Iace was shInIng IIke Ihe IuII moon."

PeopIe were sad Io hear abouI hIs deaIh aII over Ihe worId. Lven Ihe Roman KIng was on Ihe IIoor cryIng
when he heard oI Ihe deaIh oI Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez. He was asked why he was cryIng.

He repIIed: "A rIghIeous and jusI kIng has dIed Ioday. II Ihere was anyone aIIer |esus IhaI couId raIse Ihe
dead, II wouId have been Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez. I was never amazed by Ihe monks who IsoIaIed IhemseIves
and worshIpped Cod because Ihey were never exposed Io Ihe worId. WhaI amazed me was how IhIs man,
who had Ihe worId aI hIs hands, reIused II and devoIed hImseII Io Ihe worshIp oI Cod."

Giji jion Onui ibr bdu zccz

Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez's MeIhods In MakIng a Change:
1. SeIIIng prIorIIIes.
2. MakIng sure Ihe change he soughI was conIIned by Ihe ruIes oI Ihe SharI'ah.
2t
3. SpreadIng Sunnah and eIImInaIIng BId'ah.
4. PayIng aIIenIIon Io Ihe spread oI educaIIon and honorIng Ihe schoIars.
S. HavIng greaI care Ior esIabIIshIng SaIaah.
6. SpreadIng jusIIce and IIIIIng InjusIIce Irom Ihe peopIe.
7. PrevenIIng pubIIc money Irom beIng wasIed and raIsIng Ihe economIc IeveI oI Ihe sIaIe. ThIs Ied Io
Ihe growIh oI Ihe mIddIe cIass.
8. CarIng and supporIIng da'wah.
9. SIarIIng by changIng hImseII and hIs IamIIy IIrsI; Ihus, provIdIng Ihem wIIh a roIe modeI.
10. SIrengIhenIng hIs IaIIh so IhaI hIs work wouId have a sIrong ImpacI on oIhers.
11. CIvIng hIs peopIe reIIgIous and poIIIIcaI Ireedom and reIormIng Ihe economy based on a Iree markeI.
12. BeIng IIrm and sIrong when deIendIng Ihe IruIh.
13. MakIng changes graduaIIy, noI seekIng "quIckIIxes."
14. LncouragIng Ihe youIh Io geI marrIed and supporIIng Ihem aIIer Ihey had done so.
1S. PayIng aIIenIIon Io mInorIIIes rIghIs.
A ruIe he sIarIed: Any ChrIsIIan or |ew IIvIng In a MusIIm counIry and reachIng oId age
shouId be gIven saIary IIke any MusIIm. BeIore, Ihey wouId sIop payIng jIzyah upon reachIng
oId age.

cor jion ic ijc oj Onui ibr bdu zccz

SeI goaIs and achIeve Ihem.
You do noI need Io be oId Io be wIse.
Do noI conIempIaIe oIher peopIe's sIns buI conIempIaIe your own sIns.
He was a ruIer and schoIar we can aIso do a IoI more In our IIves.
AIways ask yourseII how whaI you are abouI Io do wIII aIIecI your scaIe on Ihe Day oI |udgmenI.
He had Ihe khaIIIah and was graIeIuI. In AmerIca, we have so much IhaI oIhers do noI have, and we
shouId be graIeIuI.
Be IorgIvIng.
Take advIce beIore you do IhIngs.
AIIer knowIng hIs personaIIIy and how rIghIeous he Is, Shaykh WaIeed aIways IhoughI IhaI someone
rIghIeous IIke IhIs wouId never accepI Io be khaIIIah. UnIorIunaIeIy, IhIs Is Ihe exampIe we see In
modern IImes oI good peopIe noI sIeppIng up Ior responsIbIIIIy and InIIIaIIve because we deceIve
ourseIves and wanI Io sIay In Ihe comIorI zone.
There Is one IacIor IhaI shaped hIs IIIe: One man conIrIbuIed Io Ihe change In hIm Irom beIng rIch Io
beIng rIghIeous and noI InIeresIed In weaIIh, and IhIs man was hIs son AbduI MaaIIk who dIed aI a
young age oI around 20. He was recIIIng an ayah In saIah on Ihe HereaIIer and was cryIng and had a
hearI aIIack and dIed. Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez saId IhaI hIs son had a greaI ImpacI on hIm. One day he
wanIed Io resI whIIe Ihere were many peopIe waIIIng Ior hIm Io deaI wIIh Issues, and hIs son saId Ihere
are so many peopIe IeII, and Umar saId IhaI he wIII deaI wIIh II Iomorrow. AbduI MaaIIk saId: "Who can
guaranIee IhaI you wIII IIve unIII Iomorrow7" These words moved hIs hearI, and he wenI back Io work.
AIso, he waIched hIs son prayIng qIyam aIIayI cryIng In Ihe nIghI, and II changed hIm a IoI.
The shIII In Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez's IIIe was Irom IIvIng a IuxurIous IIIe Io beIng a person who has no
InIeresI In Ihe worIdIy IIIe anymore. He was sIIII Ihe same person In regards Io knowIedge, manners, Ihe
way he IreaIed hIs IamIIy and IrIends. The shIII happened onIy In one area maInIy when he became a
khaIIIah. He avoIded Ihe worIdIy IIIe. He became a zahId, buI he sIIII had Ihe same manners and
characIerIsIIcs and he deveIoped II even more aIIer becomIng a zahId. In reaI IIIe, do peopIe change
IIke IhIs7 Yes. Ior exampIe: converIs. The change wIII noI be In everyIhIng.
MuIarrII dId noI InvoIve hImseII In poIIIIcs In any way. Umar Ibn AbduI Azeez was InvoIved In poIIIIcs
and gave up rIches. MuIarrII was rIch. WhaI do you Iearn7 Do noI crIIIcIze someone because Ihey are
weaIIhy or are InvoIved In poIIIIcs or gIve eIIher oI Ihese up. AccepI dIversIIy. PeopIe are dIIIerenI. The
SharI'ah does noI wanI us Io aII be copIes oI each oIher.

2
>uuqnuur ibr |uiuur. 1c |uuj >uuqnuur ibr |uiuur. 1c |uuj >uuqnuur ibr |uiuur. 1c |uuj >uuqnuur ibr |uiuur. 1c |uuj

WhaI comes Io your mInd when you IhInk mushaI7 KnowIedge, accuracy (no mIsIakes). He does noI make
any mIsIakes In hadeeIh.

unc

SuIayman Ibn Mahraan
AIAsadee (sIave oI BanI Asad) |Lesson: Ihe socIeIy does noI have dIsrespecI Ior Ihose schoIars who are noI
Arab or are descended Irom sIaves]

He was aIhaIIdh (memorIzed a IoI oI hadeeIh)

urqu

AIKuII, Abu Muhammad, aIso known as AIA'mash (Ihe bIeary eyed),

|iii

61 AH (680 CL) In souIh oI Iraq. II was saId IhaI II mIghI have been AIKuIah.

Dcui

148 AH (76S CL). He IIved Ior 88 years.

Cuiq ijc

AIA'mash was raIsed In AIKuIah. He saw Anas Ibn MaIIk (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) and narraIed reporIs Irom
AbduIIah Ibn AbI AwIaa oI ahadeeIh IhaI Anas Ibn MaIIk had narraIed beIore.

He memorIzed Ihe Quran aI an earIy age wIIh exceIIence. He was exceIIenI In recIIIng Ihe Quran Io Ihe
exIenI IhaI he became Ihe shaykh oI aII oI Ihe huIIadh.


1. SIudyIng under Ihe senIor sIudenIs oI AbduIIah Ibn Masood.

He dId noI meeI Ibn Masood. The cIrcIe oI Ihe muIIIs who masIered Ihe knowIedge are a smaII cIrcIe In
reIerence Io aII oI Ihe companIons, and AbduIIah Ibn Masood Is aI Ihe Iop oI Ihe cIrcIe. He was one oI Ihe
IIrsI peopIe Io accepI Io IsIam. The greaIesI companIons used Io sIudy under hIm and narraIe hadeeIh
Ihrough hIm. Abu Hurayrah wouId narraIe hadeeIh Ihrough Ibn Masood. Why7 Abu Hurayrah became
MusIIm IaIer, and Ibn Masood Irom an earIy IIme was wIIh Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). Ibn
Abbas wouId sIudy under Ibn Masood. Anas Ibn MaaIIk and |aabIr Ibn AbduIIah wouId narraIe hadeeIh Irom
Ibn Masood. In IIqh, Ibn Masood represenIs a meIhodoIogy, and II InIIuenced Ihe schooI oI Abu HanIIah.

When Ibn Masood seIIIed In KuIah, he sIarIed IeachIng and hIs sIudenIs IncIuded AIqamah, Masrookh, eIc.
Over 300 companIons IIved In KuIah. The governor wouId run Io Ibn Masood II someIhIng wouId happen.
He puI In hIs wIII IhaI AzZubayr Iead hIs IuneraI prayer and dIsIrIbuIe hIs weaIIh. Ibn Masood's sIudenIs
were Ihe Ieachers oI AIA'mash. He had access Io Ihe knowIedge oI one oI Ihe mosI knowIedgeabIe
companIons. He aIso sIudIed under Ihe sIudenIs who sIudIed under Ihe sIudenIs oI Ibn Masood IIke Sa'eed
Ibn |ubayr and AnNakha'ee.

2. LIvIng In Ihe era oI coIIecIIng narraIIons.
28
3. LIvIng In Iraq, where Ihe IargesI narraIIon movemenI Iook pIace.

4. LsIabIIshmenI oI schooIs Ior AhI ArRa'ee.

The ArabIc Ianguage can be undersIood In dIIIerenI ways (Iake Ihe sIrucIures oI Ihe words more IIIeraIIy or
IookIng aI Ihe meIaphorIcaI speech and meanIngs oI words). AhI arra'ee Is a conIusIng word. II someone
uses II reIerrIng Io Abu HanIIah, Ihen you know IhaI II Is reIerrIng Io someone good. II couId aIso reIer Io a
person oI bId'ah. In Ihe begInnIng II was very vague and mIxed IermInoIogy.

>iuiu

Hushaym saId abouI hIm: "I have noI seen anyone In AIKuIah who can recIIe Ihe Quran beIIer or who Is
more accuraIe In hIs narraIIon Ihan AIA'mash."

When MujaahId Ibn |abIr (sIudenI oI Ibn Abbas) saw hIm, he saId: "II I had Ihe sIrengIh or couId waIk, I
wouId go Io Iearn Irom IhIs man." ThIs Is saId by one oI Ihe mosI knowIedgeabIe peopIe In IsIam who was
very oId.

Yahyaa Ibn AIQaIIaan saId: "He Is Ihe greaIesI schoIar oI IsIam."

Shu'bah used Io caII hIm "Ihe mushaI."

He IaIIs In Ihe caIegory oI eIIher one oI Ihe very young successors or one oI Ihe IabI' IabI'een.

He was a very poor man and was IhIn and bowIegged. He had a dIsheveIed, unbecomIng appearance and
dressed raggedIy; however, he was marrIed Io a very beauIIIuI woman.

He bored oI peopIe very quIckIy and was noI good aI hosIIng guesIs. HIs moods wouId change quIckIy, and
he IIked Io joke, and aI IImes he was sarcasIIc. One IIme, peopIe came Io vIsII hIm when he was sIck, and
Ihey sIayed Ior a Iong IIme. He became ImpaIIenI Ior Ihem Io Ieave and Iook hIs pIIIow and saId, "May AIIah
heaI Ihe one you came Io vIsII", and he IeII.

He was known Io be an avId worshIpper. Wakee' Ibn AI|arrah once commenIed: "AIA'mash was 70 years
oId, buI he never mIssed Ihe IIrsI Iakbeerah aI Ihe masjId."

He used Io say IhaI peopIe came Io hIm onIy because oI Ihe knowIedge IhaI he has.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. CombInIng beIween knowIedge oI Ihe Quran, Sunnah, and Ihe IIqh oI InherIIance.

2. HavIng precIse knowIedge oI Ihe IIqh oI Ibn Masood.

3. HavIng IIved In poverIy, buI beIng conIenI wIIh hIs share oI Ihe dunIyah, aII Ihe whIIe carryIng hImseII
wIIh dIgnIIy.

4. HIs honor and respecI oI knowIedge. He wouId noI pass on knowIedge Io someone II he dId noI IhInk Ihe
oIher person was deservIng oI II.

LxampIe: He used Io say: "Do noI Ihrow goId and pearIs Ior Ihe pIgs Io eaI or waIk over. ThIs Is Ihe 'IIm.
CIve II Io Ihose who deserve II." He wouId noI aIIow Ihose IookIng Ior Iame Io aIIend hIs cIasses.

2,
Isa Ibn Musa senI hIm a IeIIer wIIh money and saId IhaI he wanIed hIm Io wrIIe on Ihe paper aIIached Io Ihe
IeIIer some oI Ihe hadeeIh IhaI he had. He Iook Ihe IeIIer and wroIe Surah AIIkhIaas and senI II back. Isa
Ibn Musa senI a mean IeIIer back sayIng: "Do you IhInk IhaI I do noI know IhIs surah7 II Is InsuIIIng." He
wroIe back: "Do you IhInk IhaI I seII Ihe hadeeIh7 ThaI Is InsuIIIng." He never reIurned Ihe money.

HIsham Ibn AbduIMaIIk, Ihe governor, senI hIm a IeIIer sayIng IhaI he wanIed hIm Io wrIIe a coIIecIIon oI aII
oI Ihe ahadeeIh IhaI praIse UIhman (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) and have crIIIcIsm Io AII (radhI AIIahu 'anhu). He
read Ihe IeIIer and Ihen Ied II Io Ihe goaI. The messenger ran Io geI II, buI II was Ioo IaIe. He IoId Ihe
messenger Io IeII Ihe khaIIIah whaI he had done. The messenger saId he wIII be kIIIed II he dId IhaI. He
Ihen wroIe: II UIhman has Ihe vIrIues oI aII oI Ihe peopIe on earIh, and AII has aII oI Ihe bad quaIIIIes IhaI
exIsI In humanIIy, IhIs wIII noI beneIII you anyIhIng or harm you anyIhIng. AII you need Is Io worry abouI
yourseII when you meeI AIIah.

He narraIed more Ihan 4,000 hadeeIh, and he never had a book.

AI MadanI saId: SIx peopIe have saved Ihe knowIedge oI IhIs ummah, and Ihey are responsIbIe Ior narraIIng
Ihe hadeeIh and preservIng Ihe sunnah: Muhammad AzZuhrI, Abu Ishaq, AIA'mash In KuIah, QaIadah and
Ibn KaIheer In AIBasrah.

He was recognIzed as a greaI schoIar buI noI as an Imam.

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

Once, IbrahIm AnNakha'ee wanIed Io waIk wIIh AIA'mash.

AIA'mash saId Io hIm: "We shouIdn'I waIk IogeIher. II Ihe peopIe see us, Ihey wIII say, 'Here comes a one
eyed man and a bIearyeyed man.'"

IbrahIm repIIed: "Why shouId you care7 We wIII be rewarded, and Ihey wIII be sInnIng."

AIA'mash repIIed: "How abouI II we save ourseIves and save Ihem7"

Dcui

In Ihe monIh oI Rabee' AIAwwaI, 148 AH (AprII 76S CL), AIA'mash passed away. Upon hIs deaIh, Abu Bakr
Ibn 'Ayyaash asked AI A'mash II a docIor shouId be caIIed. He repIIed Io Ibn 'Ayyaash: "WhaI wouId I do
wIIh hIm7 II I dIe, do noI InIorm anyone and jusI Iake me Io my grave."

Someone saw hIm In hIs dream aIIer hIs deaIh and asked hIm: "How do you do7"

He repIIed: "I was saved by Ihe IorgIveness oI AIIah, and aII praIse Is due Io AIIah, Lord oI Ihe worIds."

Giji jion -'nu.

"II Ihe peopIe become corrupI, Ihey wIII have Ihe worsI Ieaders."

'1c noi uuicriie euir oj ruiiuiior i -'nu or ic uuioiiiq oj
biuin, or ic uuioiiiq oj 'qunu, or ic uuioiiiq oj br |uood.'
- br |u'ccr
o

dviec io oui Cid ij >iudqir urdci -'nu

Do noI be sensIIIve.
Do noI Iake hIs manners. Take hIs knowIedge.

tuvc qou cvci iuicd povciiq?

There are over 26 mIIIIon chIIdren who dIe every year because oI poverIy.
2728 oI aII chIIdren In deveIopIng counIrIes are underweIghI because oI poverIy.

cor jion ic ijc oj >uuqnuur ibr |uiuur (-'nu)

Cround RuIe #S: Ihey have IheIr own personaIIIIes.
VaIue oI knowIedge: even II you are poor and are noI aIIracIIve, your knowIedge wIII raIse your sIaIus
hIgher.
A dIsabIIIIy does noI mean IhaI you cannoI aIIaIn success.
SerIous sIudenIs oI knowIedge wIII Iearn Irom peopIe even Ihough Ihey may noI be Ihe mosI InIeresIIng
or have a heavy accenI.
There Is no perIecI person In IhIs worId. Lveryone has good and bad In Ihem. We sIIII recognIze IhaI AI
A'mash was a greaI worshIpper. NoI every 'aIIm Is perIecI In order Ior you Io accepI Irom hIm or admIre
or respecI hIm.
Cround RuIe #18: DIIIerenI IeveIs oI schoIars.
PurIIy your InIenIIons when seekIng knowIedge.

i
bdui bdui bdui bdui- -- -Junur ibr 'ni. 1c >eoui oj ic Jubie Junur ibr 'ni. 1c >eoui oj ic Jubie Junur ibr 'ni. 1c >eoui oj ic Jubie Junur ibr 'ni. 1c >eoui oj ic Jubie

unc

AbdurRahman Ibn 'Amr Ibn Yahmad AIAwzaa'ee

AIAwza Is a IIIIe and reIers Io a neIghborhood In Damascus where aII YemenIs used Io IIve. AIso, In generaI
anyone Irom ArabIa wouId come and joIn Ihem Ihere. Some schoIars say IhaI hIs name goes back Io Yemen,
buI oIher schoIars say IhaI he Is orIgInaIIy Irom AsSIndh, whIch Is In AIghanIsIan,Bukhara area. Imam
BukharI suggesIed Ihe second opInIon IhaI he Is Irom AsSIndh and hIs IamIIy seIIIed In Damascus.

He became a very InIIuenIIaI and weIIknown and respecIed schoIar durIng Ihe IIme oI Ihe Umoowees.
AgaIn, you see IhaI peopIe do noI care abouI Ihe IIneage or background oI Ihe schoIars. WhaI maIIers In
socIeIy Is how much you can conIrIbuIe Io socIeIy and how much knowIedge you have raIher Ihan who your
IaIher or grandIaIher used Io be.

urqu

Abu 'Amr

AdDImIshqee (IhIs Is noI a kunyah oI hIs buI IeIIs where he used Io IIve)

|iii

Born In 88 AH (706 CL) In Ba'Iabak In AshShaam (presenI day Lebanon)

Dcui

1S7 AH (773 CL) aI nearIy 70 years oI age.

Cuiq ijc

He was raIsed an orphan by hIs moIher. HIs IaIher passed away when he was IIve years oId. He saId: "I sIIII
remember my IaIher", and whenever he menIIoned hIs IaIher, he wouId cry. AIAwzaa'ee was once seen wIIh
Iears In hIs eyes, and he was asked why he was cryIng, and he repIIed IhaI he jusI remembered hIs IaIher,
and Ihen he made du'aa Ior hIm: "May AIIah IorgIve hIm."

HIs moIher moved hIm Irom one Iown Io Ihe nexI In hIs chIIdhood, IookIng Ior Ihe besI pIace Io raIse hIm.
She was IookIng Ior a pIace where she couId supporI her son and a pIace where he son couId Iearn
knowIedge. II Is a common narraIIon In AIAwzaa'ee's bIography IhaI hIs moIher was amazIng and she
wouId IraveI Io so many cIIIes IookIng Ior Ihe suIIabIe pIace Io raIse her chIId, and she dId whaI so many
IaIhers couId noI do Ior IheIr chIIdren. She Iook care oI hIm unIII she became a very oId woman, and even
Ihen she sIIII asked abouI her son and make sure IhaI he was makIng qIyam aIIayI and beneIIIIng Irom Ihe
knowIedge he had.

They IInaIIy seIIIed In Ihe house oI an eIderIy, respecIed Arab man who voIunIeered Io raIse hIm and
supporI hIm. He IaughI hIm Ihe besI manners and eIIqueIIe. AIAwzaa'ee saId IhaI one day aIIer IraveIIng
wIIh hIs moIher Io so many pIaces, a nobIe Arab man saw hIm In Ihe sIreeI and IIked hIm when he was
pIayIng wIIh oIher chIIdren, and he asked hIm who Is IaIher was. He repIIed IhaI hIs IaIher dIed and hIs
moIher was IakIng care oI hIm. ThIs Arab man oIIered Io supporI hIm IInancIaIIy and InvesI In hIm. HIs
moIher agreed, and she Iound IhIs an opporIunIIy Ior her chIId Io Iearn knowIedge and be a nobIe person.
He Iearned Irom IhIs man Ihe ArabIc Ianguage, poeIry, and so many nobIe and greaI IhIngs In hIs youIh.
Imam AIAwzaa'ee was raIsed by IhIs man unIII aduIIhood.
2

He marrIed Ihree women: Rawaahah, Umm AbduIIah (|uwaIrIyah), and a IhIrd whose name Is noI known. He
had Ihree daughIers and one son.

HIs son Muhammad was born In 1S0 AH (767 CL), and he was known Io be a very rIghIeous man. The son
dIed In 177 AH (793 CL) aI Ihe young age oI 27.


AIAwzaa'ee was a very IaII man wIIh a dark Ian compIexIon and a IIghI beard. He used Io change Ihe gray In
hIs haIr and beard wIIh henna. He wouId aIso wear a round Iurban wIIhouI a IaII. He used Io Iove Iurbans
and caIIed Ihem 'Ihe crowns oI Ihe Arabs.' He wore Ihe Iurban wIIhouI Ihe IaII, whIch appears Io be Ihe
cusIom oI Ihe peopIe Irom AshShaam unIII Ioday. (The Sudanese and AIghanIs wear Ihe Iurban wIIh IaIIs).
He Iook care oI hIs appearance and cIoIhIng and was aIways weII dressed.


1. WIInessIng Ihe Iwo greaI dynasIIes: Ihe Umayyads and IheIr IaII and Ihe esIabIIshmenI oI Ihe AbbasIds.

These Iwo dynasIIes had dIIIerenI ways oI ruIIng. The Umoowees had many enemIes: ShI'a, Ihe KhawarIj,
Ihe peopIe oI Iraq, Ihe IoIIowers oI Ibn Zubayr. These groups never sIopped pIoIIIng agaInsI Ihe Umoowees,
and Ihe movemenI was sIrong Iar away Irom Ihe capIIaI oI Ihe MusIIm worId In Damascus. PeopIe wouId be
caIIed: "II you Iove ahI aI bayI, IoIIow us." WIIh IhIs caII, Ihey IargeIed Ihe SunnI and ShI'a In Iraq. They aII
joIned eIIorIs agaInsI Ihe Umayyads. The Umayyads In IhaI IIme were shIIIIng away Irom Ihe Sunnah Io Ihe
exIenI IhaI Ihe Ieader Marwan aIHImar (Ihe donkey) was very weak. ThIs IasI khaIIIah among Ihe Umoowees
supporIed AI|ahm Ibn SaIwan, who was a Iamous devIanI who came wIIh IdeoIogIes and Ideas IhaI Iead Io
denyIng Ihe exIsIIng oI AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa). Ibn TaymIyyah saId IhaI AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa)
desIroyed hIs kIngdom because he supporIed such an InnovaIor.

The AbbasIds gaIhered IheIr IoIIowers and were abIe Io desIroy Ihe Umoowees. AbduIIah Ibn AII Ibn
AbduIIah Ibn Abbas In 132 AH Ied Ihe deIeaI oI Ihe Umoowees.

2. LIvIng In Ihe goIden era oI IsIamIc knowIedge; Ihere were numerous schoIars In aII IIeIds oI SharI'ah, and
II was Ihe cenIury oI coIIecIIng and recordIng Ihe sunnah. II was aI IhIs IIme IhaI Ihe concepI oI schooIs
was esIabIIshed.

AIAwzaa'ee IIved In a pIace where Ihere were Ihousands oI schoIars. Imam Abu HanIIah, Imam MaaIIk and
IaIer Imam ShaaI'Iee aII IIved durIng IhIs IIme. DurIng IhaI IIme, Ihe concepI oI schooIs run by Ihe IoIIowers
oI Ihe Imams was abouI Io be esIabIIshed. These schooIs are responsIbIe Ior Ihe madhahIb oI Ioday.

3. CrowIng up In AshShaam, Ihe cenIer oI cIvIIIzaIIon aI Ihe IIme.

SchoIars IraveIed here. KhuIaIaa broughI nobIe peopIe Irom aII areas Io IIve Ihere Io make II an ImporIanI
cIIy.

4. CrowIng up In an age IhaI paId greaI aIIenIIon Io Ihe ArabIc Ianguage, wIIh much Iocus on poeIry and
IIIeraIure. (AIAwzaa'ee was a person good In ArabIc).

S. CrowIng up In a IIme IhaI was characIerIzed by debaIe, especIaIIy beIween Ihe SchooI oI ArRa'ee In Iraq
and Ihe SchooI oI HadeeIh In HIjaaz.

The MusIIm worId dIvIded InIo Iwo groups InIeIIecIuaIIy. In Iraq, Ihe peopIe used a IoI oI anaIogIes and
qIyas. In AIHIjaz, Imam MaaIIk Ied a movemenI oI sIIckIng Io Ihe hadeeIh and narraIIons and IookIng aI
whaI Ihe companIons saId abouI someIhIng. They dId noI accepI Ihe anaIogIes. In Iraq, Ihey made anaIogIes

and dId noI onIy depend on Ihe IexI by IhemseIves, buI Ihey Iooked aI Ihe uIIImaIe goaIs oI Ihe SharI'ah and
used InIeIIecI (opInIons and hypoIheIIcaI quesIIons). The Iuqahaa and jurIsIs In Iraq saw consIanI change,
so Ihey posed hypoIheIIcaI quesIIons. SomeIImes, Ihese quesIIons couId go Io an exIreme, buI IhIs way oI
IhInkIng enrIched Ihe IIqh and MusIIm herIIage. The way oI Imam MaaIIk was Io puI IImIIs and conIroIIIng
IhIs way oI IhInkIng. BaIancIng beIween Ihe Iwo ways Is Ihe IdeaI.

6. The Increase In consIrucIIon and Ihe expansIon oI cIIIes.

As a resuII, Ihere was more InIeresI In dunIyah and more weaIIh. PeopIe were InIeresIed In buIIdIng Iarger
markeIs. AIso, Ihere were a IoI oI new members In Ihe communIIy and a IoI oI sIrangers. When readIng
abouI AIAwzaa'ee, you wIII Iearn IhaI he cared abouI educaIIng peopIe.

7. The popuIarIIy oI books IhaI were IransIaIed Irom Ihe Creek, Romans, and IndIans, aIIecIIng peopIe's
IdeoIogIes, IIIesIyIes, and manners.

The Creeks and Romans InIIuenced Ihe phIIosophers IIke Ibn |ahmIyyah. The IndIans InIIuenced Ihe SuIIs.

8. SecIs begIn Iormed due Io InnovaIIons and phIIosophIcaI Ideas, IhaI were reIaIed Io AIQadar
(PredesIInaIIon) and Ihe DIvIne AIIrIbuIes.

9. The conIInuous care oI hIs moIher Ior hIm, unIII she had become oId.

>iuiu

AI Imam AIAwzaa'ee was noI jusI a schoIar. He was a greaI schoIar and very Iamous schoIar.

He was known as 'Shaykh AIIsIaam' and 'Ihe CreaIesI MuhaddIIh oI Ihe PeopIe oI AshShaam'. HIs greaI
sIaIus manIIesIs IIseII In Ihe IoIIowIng:
SIaIemenIs oI SchoIars: SuIyaan Ibn 'Uyaynah saId: "He Is Ihe Imaam oI hIs IIme." Yahya Ibn Ma'een
saId: "The schoIars are Iour: AIhThawree, Abu HaneeIah, MaaIIk, and AIAwzaa'ee."

The schoIars IreaImenI Iowards hIm: When AIAwzaa'ee approached Makkah, SuIyaan AIhThawree
was IeadIng hIs rIdIng cameI by Ihe rope whIIe Imam MaaIIk waIked ahead, guIdIng Ihem Io hIs home
where Ihey were goIng Io sIay. (In anoIher narraIIon: Imam MaaIIk was nexI Io AIAwza'ee's IeeI.)
SuIyaan AIhThawree wouId be IeIIIng Ihe young peopIe who were approachIng Io gIve Ihe Imam
space so IhaI he can go Io Ihe house and have some resI.

HIs madhab and opInIons: HIs madhab domInaIed mosI oI Ihe MusIIm worId Ior a Iong IIme. Ior
220 years, hIs madhab domInaIed Ihe area oI AshShaam (Lebanon, SyrIa, |ordan, and PaIesIIne). Ior
40 years aIIer hIs deaIh, II aIso domInaIed AIAndaIus and AIMaghrIb (NorIh AIrIca).

Imam MaaIIk: "He Is a roIe modeI, and peopIe shouId IoIIow hIs IooIsIeps."

Iazaqee saId: II asked Io choose beIween SuIyan AIhThawrI or AIAwza'ee, I wouId ask Ihe ummah
Io IoIIow AIAwza'ee.

He was caIIed an Imam oI Ihe Sunnah, whIch means IhaI he has correcI beIIeI. ThIs Is new: dIIIerenIIaIIng
beIween Ihose who IoIIow Ihe sunnah and devIaIIon. There Is a change happenIng In socIeIy. BeIore,
InnovaIIons were noI popuIar, buI durIng IhIs IIme, Ihere are Ieaders and judges and InIIuenIIaI peopIe who
are InnovaIors.

+
ijc o Dcui oj u |udub

Why dIdn'I Ihe madhab oI AIImaam AIAwzaa'ee survIve IIke Ihe Iour weII known madhaahIb7

HIs madhab domInaIed mosI oI Ihe MusIIm worId and wouId be used In courI. The IaIwas wouId be used In
Ihe masajId, and Ihe muIIIs wouId Iook aI hIs opInIons. HIs IoIIowers were Ihe ones nomInaIed Io be Ihe
Imams and khaIeeb oI Ihe maIn masjIds. In NorIh AIrIca, SpaIn, AndaIus, AshShaam (SyrIa, Lebanon,
|ordan), parI oI Iraq, parI oI Ihe Arab penInsuIa Ior more Ihan 220 years peopIe recognIzed Ihe madhab oI
Imam AIAwza'ee. HIs opInIons were weII known Io Ihe exIenI IhaI Ibn HIbban, who IIved Irom 270 AH 3S4
AH, saw hIs books and was Impressed wIIh hIs knowIedge.

1. AI Imam AIAwza'ee IIved In a IIme where Ihere were many greaI schoIars. Many oI hIs sIudenIs aIso
Iearned Ihe maIn madhahIb and Iearned under oIher greaI schoIars IIke AI LayIh Ibn Sa'ad, SuIyan aIh
ThawrI, and oIhers who are noI Iess In sIaIus Ihan AIAwza'ee. He dId noI have IoyaI sIudenIs In Ihe
sense IhaI Ihey onIy commIIIed Io hIm. The sIudenIs were commIIIed Io Ihe knowIedge In generaI, so no
one specIaIIzed onIy In hIs IIqh. HIs opInIons sIarIed Io mIx wIIh oIhers.

2. RuIers and rIch peopIe sIarIed Io supporI oIher madhahIb.
He IIved mosI oI hIs IIme durIng Ihe Umoowees ruIe. The Umoowees supporIed hIm, and IhIs Is
Ihe maIn reason Ior any madhab Io be popuIar. The madhahIb survIvIng unIII Ioday maInIy
survIved because oI Ihe ruIers. The ruIers wouId supporI Ihe madhab by prInIIng Ihe books,
supporIIng Ihe Ieaders, gIvIng posIIIons onIy Io Ihe madhab Ihey IIked and supporIed. When Ihe
AbbasIds Iook power, Ihey canceIIed everyIhIng IhaI had Io do wIIh Ihe Umoowees. The AbbasIds
supporIed Ihe HanaIIs because Imam Abu HanIIah supporIed IheIr caII In Iraq. HIs sIudenIs aIso
supporIed Ihe AbbasIds a IoI In Ihe begInnIng. As a Iorm oI reward, Ihe IIrsI ruIe Ihe AbbasIds
made was IhaI Ihey chose aI qadhI Abu YusuI, a sIudenI oI Abu HanIIah, Io be Ihe head oI Ihe
jusIIce deparImenI. Abu YusuI puI aII HanaII judges In Ihe courIs, whIch made Ihe HanaII madhab
Ihe mosI powerIuI In Ihe worId.
AnoIher reason Ior any madhab Io be popuIar Is busInessmen and rIch peopIe. II Ihey adopI a
madhab, Ihey wIII buIId a schooI and prInI books. ThIs creaIed anoIher generaIIon IoIIowIng Ihe
madhab specIIIed by Ihe busIness owners and rIch men.

3. One IhIrd oI IhIs man's IIIe was In baIIIes and noI In schooIs. He IoughI agaInsI Ihe Romans and
deIended Ihe border.

4. The recordIng oI Ihe sIaIemenIs oI Ihe schoIars and wrIIIng Ihem down became more popuIar aIIer hIs
deaIh and noI durIng hIs IIme. The HanbaII and ShaaII'ee madhahIb became more popuIar Ior IhIs
reason.

S. In NorIh AIrIca, hIs madhab was Iamous because oI AI Hakam Ibn HIsham who was Ihe ruIer Ihere. AIIer
40 years oI supporIIng hIs madhab, AI Hakam Ibn HIsham became MaIIkI, so Ihe enIIre area became
MaIIkI. LgypI became ShaaII'ee.

Many oI Ihe IaIawa oI Abu YusuI go agaInsI whaI Abu HanIIah saId, buI he Is sIIII one oI Ihe Iounders oI Ihe
HanaII madhab. Why dId he noI spIII7 There wouId be no job or pIace In Ihe governmenI. SImIIarIy, As
SookhI was a IoIIower oI AshShaaII'ee buI he aIso had many dIIIerenI opInIons, buI he aIso dId noI spIII
Irom Ihe madhab.

AIAwzaa'ee came Io represenI boIh Ihe schooI oI arra'ee and Imam MaaIIk's schooI In HIjaaz. AnoIher man
Iook Ihe same meIhod and dId a beIIer job: AshShaaII'ee. HIs madhab moved Ihe madhab oI AIAwzaa'ee
ouI oI Ihe pIcIure. In every counIry where AIAwzaa'ee domInaIed especIaIIy AshShaam and LgypI, Ash
ShaaII'ee domInaIed. Ibn Hazm saId: There are Iwo madhabs IhaI became popuIar because oI Ihe ruIers:
The HanaIIs and Ihe MaaIIkIs In NorIh AIrIca and AndaIus. In NorIh AIrIca, Ihe ruIers made a ruIe IhaI no

HanbaII couId IIve Ihere. SImIIarIy, In Iraq and Ihe easIern sIde oI Ihe MusIIm empIre was HanaII. The
OIIomans onIy IeI HanaIIs be judges.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. He was dIsIInguIshed by hIs expansIve knowIedge and beIng a Irue Imam and roIe modeI. ThIs was
manIIesIed In Ihe IoIIowIng:

a. In maIIers oI aqeedah or IIqh, knowIedge Io hIm was whaI was Iaken Irom Ihe companIons or IexIuaI
evIdences, noI IhaI whIch was based on phIIosophIcaI argumenIs.
In hIs IIme, Ihere were many debaIes beIween Ihe madhahIb and beIween Ihe peopIe oI
sunnah and Ihe peopIe oI bId'ah.
Once he saId Io hIs sIudenI Baqee'a: IIm Is whaI Is narraIed Io us Irom Ihe companIons oI Ihe
PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) and whaI Ihey have noI IaIked abouI Is noI knowIedge.
AIways IoIIow Ihe IooIsIeps oI Ihe earIy generaIIons even II peopIe do noI IIke you. Do noI
IoIIow Ihe opInIons oI men even II Ihey are very eIoquenI. Be paIIenI whIIe IoIIowIng Ihe
Sunnah. SIop where Ihe peopIe beIore you have sIopped, and do noI InvoIve yourseII In
phIIosophIcaI argumenIs or you wIII enIer an area where Ihere Is no beneIII Irom II.

b. HIs knowIedge and IaIwa were aIways based on evIdence.
II Is based on IexIuaI evIdence or a narraIIon Irom one oI Ihe companIons. He wouId noI
brIng hIs own opInIons. He wouId say: "|Such and such companIon] saId."
Ibn KaIhIr reporIed IhaI one oI hIs sIudenIs saId: AIAwzaa'ee has gIven 70,000 IaIawa In hIs
IIIe, and every sIngIe one sIarIs wIIh "hadaIhana |II has been narraIed]..." Abu Zuhra saId In
anoIher narraIIon 60,000 IaIawa.
Someone asked one oI hIs sIudenIs: Has AIAwzaa'ee memorIzed Ihe enIIre Quran7 The
sIudenI repIIed: You shouId noI ask me whaI he memorIzed, buI you shouId ask me abouI
whaI he does noI memorIze.

c. The depIh and expansIveness oI hIs knowIedge was greaI.

d. HIs knowIedge was onIy Iaken Irom Ihe IrusIworIhy schoIars among ahI assunnah.
Once he was IraveIIng Io |erusaIem, and a man asked why AIAwzaa'ee does noI sIudy under
hIm anymore. AIAwzaa'ee saId IhaI sInce he changed, I changed. The man had changed
Irom ahI as sunnah.

e. He had a varIeIy oI Ieachers, whIch conIrIbuIed Io Ihe weaIIh oI hIs knowIedge and wIsdom. ThIs Is
very unIque abouI hIm. As much as you have a varIeIy oI Ieachers, II wIII conIrIbuIe Io Ihe rIchness
oI your knowIedge and wIsdom.
Ibn Yassaar saId: I have noI seen anyone wIIh such deep undersIandIng oI Ihe reIIgIon and
debaIe so weII Ior ahI as sunnah as AIAwzaa'ee.
When he was 17 years oId, he debaIed Ihe head oI Ihe QadarIyyah (ChayIan AdDImIshqee),
and he cIearIy won Ihe debaIe. The khaIIIah aIIer Ihe debaIe kIIIed ChayIan AdDImIshqee.

I. He had Ihe abIIIIy Io examIne evIdences and debaIe In IIqh, hadeeIh, and aqeedah wIIh schoIars and
InnovaIors.

2. He pracIIced IssuIng IaIwaas Irom an earIy age and conIInued Io do so Ior a very Iong IIme. ThIs means
IhaI he InIeracIed wIIh a IoI oI peopIe. He was a pubIIc IIgure. He was 2S years oId when he IIrsI Issued
a IaIwa. Imam AnNawwawwI dIsagreed wIIh IhIs and saId IhaI Ihe IIrsI IIme Ihere Is a narraIIon Io
prove he Issued a IaIwa Is when he was 13 years oId.

t
3. HIs manners were very good, and IhIs Is IIIusIraIed In Ihe IoIIowIng quaIIIIes he had:
a. To quIckIy IoIIow Ihe IruIh as soon as II became apparenI Io hIm.

b. To never speak III oI anyone or Io aIIow anyone Io backbIIe In hIs presence, wIIh Ihe excepIIon oI
warnIng agaInsI an InnovaIor.
One he IoId hIs sIudenI Baqee'a: "Do noI IaIk bad abouI any companIon oI Ihe PropheI (saI
AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). OnIy IaIk abouI Ihem In a good way, and I wanI Io add Io IhaI. And
do noI IaIk bad abouI anyone. Whenever someone IaIks bad abouI oIhers, he Is jusI sayIng
IhaI he Is beIIer Ihan Ihem."

c. To be very humbIe.
He was very humbIe. When he wore Ihe Iurban, he wouId send hIs son or servanI Io severaI
oI hIs sIudenIs Io wear Ihe Iurban so IhaI he was noI Ihe onIy one wearIng II and sIandIng ouI
In Ihe crowd.
HIs son saId: I have seen my IaIher consuII hIs servanI In many IhIngs. He wouId noI order
hIs servanI, buI he wouId consuII hIm.

d. To be IrequenIIy cheerIuI and smIIIng.
e. He made peopIe IeeI IIke Ihey were Ihe mosI ImporIanI person In Ihe gaIherIng.

4. He was a schoIar oI Ihe pubIIc:

He reIused Ihe roIe oI a judge buI accepIed Ihe roIe oI a muIII. WhaI Is Ihe dIIIerence beIween Ihese
posIIIons7 HaII oI Ihe peopIe Iove Ihe judge and haII oI Ihe peopIe haIe hIm. The judge never Iakes over Ihe
hearIs oI Ihe pubIIc and does noI InIeracI wIIh peopIe. The judge Is noI as InIegraIed InIo Ihe socIeIy. ThIs
Is Ihe dIIIerence beIween BIn Baaz and AIHaydan. How many know BIn Baaz, and how many know AI
Haydan7 AIHaydan Is Ihe chIeI judge In SaudI ArabIa, and BIn Baaz was Ihe muIII. The muIII InIeracIs wIIh
peopIe.

a. HIs IIIe was dedIcaIed Io IeachIng peopIe, heIpIng Ihem, and InIercedIng Ior Ihem.
When some MusIIms were Iaken as prIsoners aIIer Ihe IaII oI Ihe Umoowees, Ihe AbbasId
khaIIIah puI Ihem In prIson, so he wenI Io Ihe khaIIIah Io have Ihem reIeased.
The ruIer raIsed Ihe Iax Ior Ihe peopIe oI Makkah, so Ihe peopIe oI Makkah senI a IeIIer Io
hIm. He asked Ihe Iax Io be reduced Ior Ihe peopIe, and II was.
A ruIer came In Lebanon and Iook over Ihe mounIaIn and vIIIages Ihere. He Iorced aII oI Ihe
peopIe ouI and Iook Ihose who IoughI agaInsI hIm as prIsoners. AIAwzaa'ee IoId hIm IhaI
Ihey are onIy deIendIng IheIr Iand and you have no rIghI Io Iake IheIr Iarms. I command you
Io reIurn aII oI Ihe prIsoners and reIurn aII oI Ihe Iands. The ruIer had a IoI oI respecI Ior AI
Awzaa'ee and dId whaI he asked. AIAwzaa'ee wenI back Io Ihe ruIer and IoId hIm IhaI he
had noI reIeased Ihe ChrIsIIans yeI and shouId do so. The ruIer saId: Why do you care abouI
Ihose who do noI IoIIow your reIIgIon7 He repIIed: The PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam)
IoId us Io Iook aIIer Ihem and proIecI Ihem In our counIry. The ruIer Ihen reIeased Ihem.

b. HIs IaIwaa Io Ihe peopIe were aIways IenIenI.

Abu Ishaaq AIIIzaaree saId: "I have never seen anyone IIke AIAwzaa'ee or AIhThawree. AIhThawree was
a schoIar who knew how Io beneIII Ihe schoIars and sIudenIs oI knowIedge, and AIAwzaa'ee knew how Io
beneIII Ihe pubIIc."

He gave easy IaIwas, buI he IoIIowed whaI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) and companIons saId.
Lesson: you do noI need Io IoIIow oIher Ihan ahI as sunnah Io be moderaIe.

c. He was very generous Iowards Ihe peopIe Ihrough hIs weaIIh and IIme.
He once gave 70,000 pIeces oI goId Io hIs sIudenIs as a gIII.

When he dIed, he IeII onIy 7 pIeces oI goId behInd.
He aIways InvIIed peopIe Io eaI aI hIs home.
He aIways accepIed gIIIs Irom peopIe.
d. He was very accessIbIe; keepIng Ihe company oI Ihe schoIars dId noI prevenI hIm Irom InIeracIIng
wIIh Ihe pubIIc.

S. He was an avId worshIpper, a rIghIeous person whose hearI was aIIached Io Ihe HereaIIer.

6. He had a presIIgIous Iook, and peopIe deaII wIIh hIm wIIh greaI respecI.
a. AIIer hIs deaIh, one oI Ihe ruIers saId IhaI he used Io Iear and respecI AIAwzaa'ee a IoI. When he
was asked Io be a judge, he reIused, buI no one dared Io ask hIm agaIn.

7. He dId noI hesIIaIe Io IeII peopIe rIghI and wrong.
a. Once he was makIng wudu In Ihe masjId and someone IoId hIm II Is noI rIghI Io make wudu In Ihe
masjId. AIAwzaa'ee saId: "Learn IIqh and Ihen gIve IaIwa."

He IraveIed a IoI Io seek knowIedge. Some oI hIs IrIps IncIude: 1) AshShaam Io Makkah and MadInah and
Ihen back Io AshShaam 2) Irom Damascas Io Makkah Io MadInah Ihen back 3) Irom Makkah Io |erusaIem.

He wenI Io Iearn Irom Ibn SIreen, buI Ihe day he reached, Ibn SIreen dIed and he was onIy abIe Io meeI hIm.

'UIbah, one oI hIs sIudenIs, saId he had never seen anyone In hIs IIIe go so quIckIy back Io Ihe IruIh II II
goes agaInsI hIs opInIon.

Ibn Mubarak came Io Iearn Irom AIAwzaa'ee In BeIruI. Ibn Mubarak was one oI Ihe IoIIowers oI Abu
HanIIah. AIAwzaa'ee IoId hIm: "I heard abouI IhaI man In KuIah, Ihe InnovaIor Abu HanIIah, IhaI he
cIaImed IhaI he rejecIs hadeeIh based on hIs opInIon. I heard IhaI you sIudIed wIIh hIm. I do noI know
anyIhIng abouI hIm excepI IhaI he Is an InnovaIor, and you are adopIIng hIs opInIons. TeII me abouI hIm."
Ibn Mubarak saId: "I dId noI answer, and I wenI home. When I wenI back Io my home, I broughI wIIh me Ihe
books oI Abu HanIIah and broughI someIhIng Io show Ihe InIeIIecI oI Abu HanIIah. I Iook Ihese papers IhaI
I wroIe and I gave II Io hIm when he was In Ihe masjId." AIAwzaa'ee asked whaI Ihe books were, and Ibn
Mubarak saId Ihey are books oI knowIedge wIIh hadeeIh and IaIawa. Ibn Mubarak gave hIm Ihe books and
knew IhaI he wouId IIke II. AIAwzaa'ee IInIshed Ihe IIrsI and Iooked aI Ihe second and Ihe IhIrd and Ihen
saId: "The one who wroIe IhIs musI be a very knowIedgeabIe person." Ibn Mubarak: "ThIs Is Abu HanIIah."
He saId: "ThIs Is Abu HanIIah7 I never IhoughI IhaI he was so knowIedgeabIe IIke IhIs." Ibn Mubarak saId
IhaI sInce Ihen he changed hIs opInIon abouI Abu HanIIah unIII he meI hIm In Makkah where a debaIe
ImmedIaIeIy Iook pIace beIween Ihem abouI one hadeeIh. AIAwzaa'ee saId IhaI Ihe hadeeIh he menIIoned
has a shorIer Isnad Ihan Ihe one IhaI Abu HanIIah menIIoned, buI Abu HanIIah saId IhaI Ihe IIve I have are
greaI Imams, and Ihe Iwo IhaI you use are unknown peopIe. AIAwzaa'ee saId: "You are a man oI wIsdom
and knowIedge In hadeeIh." AIAwzaa'ee saId: "I was reaIIy Impressed by Ihe knowIedge IhaI IhIs man has,
and he Is a very wIse person. I ask AIIah Io IorgIve me. I IhoughI bad oI hIm beIore and was In a very cIear
wrong abouI IhIs man."

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

On Tuesday, Ihe 9Ih oI Ramadan, 130 AH (May 12, 740 CL), AIAwzaa'ee rushed ouI oI Damascus beIore II
IeII InIo Ihe hands oI Ihe 'Abbassees (AbbasIds). On Wednesday, PrInce AbduIIah Ibn AII and hIs army
vcr icic wcic o nurq iubi'ccr uiourd u, wc ucd io uq.
'u i ubovc ti 1iorc, urd wc bcicvcd ir cvciqiir ic
urru bioui icuidir ic iiiibuic oj u.'
8
enIered Damascus and kIIIed aII Ihe Umawees (Umayyads) and IheIr governmenI oIIIcIaIs. Then he marched
Io HamaaI (presenI day Hama, SyrIa), and ordered IhaI AIAwzaa'ee be broughI In IronI oI hIm. Ior Ihree
days, AIAwzaa'ee had no Iood or money. He had been conIInuousIy IraveIIng Iowards Ihe coasI whIIe
IasIIng.

On hIs way Ihere, a person recognIzed hIm and hosIed hIm. When Ihe maghrIb IIme came, Ihe hosI oIIered
hIm Iood and saId: "I apoIogIze Ior IhIs Iood IhaI Is noI so good. II was such a shorI IIme IhaI we were noI
abIe Io make beIIer Iood IhaI Is suIIabIe Ior you." AIAwzaa'ee prayed Ior hIm, buI he dId noI eaI Irom hIs
Iood as he sIarIed headIng ouI. The man saId: "Oh, Imaam. My Income Is aII Irom haIaaI, so do noI worry."
He repIIed: "ThaI Is noI II. I wouId noI IeeI comIorIabIe eaIIng Ihe Iood whose owners are noI graIeIuI Io
AIIah Ior II."

He was asked Io change hIs dIrecIIon Io HamaaI Io meeI Ihe prInce. On hIs way Io HamaaI, he sIayed aI
Thawr Ibn Yazeed's house who sIarIed IaIkIng abouI AIQadar Irom aIIer Isha unIII Iajr.

AIAwzaa'ee saId: "I was sIIenI Ihe enIIre IIme and dId noI say a sIngIe word. I prayed Iajr and Ihen I IeII. I
was Iaken Io Ihe prInce, and when I enIered upon hIm, I Iound In IronI oI hIm Ihe heads and bodIes oI Ihe
Umawees IhaI he had jusI kIIIed. He was sIIIIng on a couch. SurroundIng Ihe gaIherIng were Iour Iypes oI
weaponed soIdIers. Two soIdIers approached me, Iook me oII oI my rIdIng anImaI and heId me by my arms.
They broughI me Iorward, waIkIng over Ihe corpses beneaIh unIII I reached a spoI IhaI was near enough Ior
Ihe prInce Io hear me when I spoke. I gave hIm my saIaam, buI he dId noI repIy. In hIs hand, he heId a sIIck.
He poInIed wIIh hIs hand In command IhaI I sII on a chaIr.

He asked me: 'Are you AbdurRahman AIAwzaa'ee7'

I repIIed: 'Yes.'

He saId: 'Oh, Awzaa'ee. WhaI do you IhInk oI our removIng Ihese IransgressIng dIcIaIors, Ihe Umawees7'

I repIIed: 'I used Io be good IrIends wIIh Dawood Ibn AII.'

The prInce Ihen commanded: 'Answer me!'

I IhoughI Ior a momenI and Ihen surrendered Io deaIh. I saId: 'Oh PrInce. I heard Yahyaa Ibn Sa'eed AI
AnsarI sayIng IhaI he heard Muhammad AITaymee sayIng IhaI he heard AIqamah sayIng, IhaI he and Umar
Ibn AIKhaIIab sayIng, IhaI he heard Ihe Messenger oI AIIah (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) sayIng: "SureIy, aII
deeds are based on InIenIIon, and Ior every person Is IhaI whIch he InIended. Thus, he whose mIgraIIon
(hIjrah) was Io AIIah and HIs Messenger, hIs mIgraIIon Is Io AIIah and HIs Messenger; buI he whose mIgraIIon
was Ior some worIdIy IhIng he mIghI gaIn, or Ior a wIIe he mIghI marry, hIs mIgraIIon Is Io IhaI Ior whIch he
mIgraIed."'

The prInce sIarIed hIIIIng Ihe ground wIIh hIs sIIck, and Ihe soIdIers ImmedIaIeIy grabbed IheIr swords as II
ready Io unsheaIhe Ihem aI any momenI. The prInce Ihen asked: 'WhaI do you say abouI IheIr weaIIh7'

I saId: 'II IhIs money was haraam Ior Ihem, Ihen II Is haraam Ior you Ioo. And II II was haIaI Ior Ihem, Ihen
II Is noI haIaI Ior you Io Iake II.'

He Ihen hII Ihe ground even sIronger. He Ihen saId: 'Oh, Awzaa'ee, whaI do you say regardIng kIIIIng Ihem7'

I IoId myseII IhaI IhIs man deIInIIeIy wanIs Io kIII me Ioday.

He conIInued: 'You know whaI happened, so answer me.'

I answered: 'They had a covenanI wIIh you, and you shouId have IuIIIIIed your promIse.'

,
The prInce Ihen shouIed: 'There were no promIses beIween us.'

AI Ihe momenI I IruIy IeII my deaIh comIng and was very IerrIIIed. I remembered Ihe Day when I wIII be
sIandIng beIore AIIah and ImmedIaIeIy my sIrengIh came back Io me.

I IoId hIm In a IIrm voIce: 'TheIr bIood was haraam on you.'

He became so angry: hIs eyes Iurned red, and Ihe veIns In hIs Iace and neck sweIIed wIIh bIood.

He asked: 'Why7'

I IoId hIm: 'Your broIher Dawood narraIed Io me IhaI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam): "II Is noI
permIssIbIe Io kIII a MusIIm excepI Ior one oI Ihree reasons: Ihe murderer, Ihe aduIIerer (aIIer marrIage), or
Ihe aposIaIe."'

He saId: 'So, IhaI Is whaI you say7'

I repIIed: 'No, IhaI Is whaI Ihe Messenger (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) saId.'

He Ihen asked: 'IsIamIcaIIy, shouIdn'I we be Ihe ruIers7'

I asked: 'Why Is IhaI7'

He repIIed: 'DIdn'I Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) appoInI AII Io be Ihe khaIIIah aIIer hIm7'

I answered: 'II he had, AII wouId noI have Iurned Io Ihe arbIIraIors (durIng Ihe BaIIIe oI SIIIeen).' The prInce
Ihen remaIned sIIenI, and I couId see hIs anger. I was expecIIng my head Io IaII beIween my Iegs aI any
momenI.

AIIer a Iew momenIs oI sIIence, he saId: 'We wouId IIke you Io be a judge.'

I IoId hIm: 'The ruIers beIore you asked me, buI Ihey never Iorced me. I do noI wanI II, so II you can be
kInd enough, pIease conIInue Io be IIke Ihem and excuse me Irom IhaI.'

He saId: 'II Iooks IIke you wouId IIke Io Ieave.'

I saId: 'I have IamIIy IhaI I have IeII behInd me IhaI Is worrIed abouI me. They have no one Io supporI Ihem
excepI me.' The prInce Ihen Iooked down and IhoughI sIIenIIy Ior a Iong whIIe. I waIIed Ior a Iong IIme.

I Ihen saId: 'I have Io use Ihe resIroom.' The prInce Ihen Iooked down and IhoughI sIIenIIy Ior a Iong whIIe.
I waIIed Ior a Iong IIme.

I Ihen saId: 'I have Io use Ihe resIroom.' The prInce sIgnaIed wIIh hIs hand IhaI I couId go. I sIarIed waIkIng
beIween hIs soIdIers, IeavIng Ihe paIace expecIIng IhaI my head wouId IIy oII aI any momenI. I Ihen ran Io
my rIde and Iook II and headed away as IasI as I couId. I Ihen saw hIs soIdIers comIng aIIer me, and a
messenger caIIed ouI askIng me Io sIop, so I goI oII oI my horse, and I made Iakbeer and began prayIng Iwo
rak'ahs. I IhoughI IhaI II Ihey were Io kIII me, aI IeasI I wouId dIe prayIng.

One oI Ihem saId as I saId: 'The prInce Is sendIng you IhIs' and he Ihrew a pouch In IronI oI me, whIch I
Iound conIaIned 200 dInars. I dIsIrIbuIed II beIore I reIurned Io my IamIIy, and I onIy Iook II ouI oI Iear."

AIIer IhIs IIme, he IsoIaIed hImseII aI Ihe borders oI where Ihe MusIIms IIved.

+o
Dcui

He dIed In BeIruI, parIIcIpaIIng In Ihe RIbaaI (proIecIIng Ihe MusIIm border), on a Sunday, Ihe 2nd oI SaIar,
1S7 AH (December 21, 773 CL). ThaI mornIng, he enIered Ihe baIh, and Ihe door was Iocked Irom Ihe
ouIsIde. Because oI Ihe coaI and sIeam, he suIIocaIed and dIed. When Ihe baIh was opened, he was Iound
covered, IacIng Ihe qIbIah. HIs IuneraI was wIInessed by aII Ihe peopIe oI Ihe cIIy, and peopIe oI Iour
dIIIerenI reIIgIons waIked In hIs IuneraI: MusIIms, |ews, CaIhoIIcs, and OrIhodox CopIs. He was burIed In
BeIruI.

Giji jion -nun -wzuu'cc

"PracIIce Sunnah wIIh paIIence. SIop where Ihe companIons sIopped. Say as Ihey saId.
AbsIaIn Irom whaI Ihey absIaIned Irom. WhaI was suIIIcIenI Ior Ihem, can be suIIIcIenI Ior you."

cor jion ic ijc oj -nuun -wzuu'cc

Leaders shouId be accessIbIe Io Ihe pubIIc.
He InIerceded Ior peopIe Irom oIher IaIIhs and was Ioved by Ihem and heIped Ihem. Ior our MusIIm
communIIy, we shouId aIso care abouI oIher communIIIes and be InvoIved In whaI wIII brIng good and
prosperIIy Io aII oI us.
Learn how Io deaI wIIh peopIe oI dIIIerenI backgrounds.
MoIhers pIay a very ImporIanI roIes In Ihe IIves oI IheIr chIIdren. CreaI moIhers wIII brIng greaI men IIke
IhIs.
He was objecIIve enough Io repIace hIs negaIIve ImpressIon oI Imam Abu HanIIah wIIh a posIIIve
ImpressIon based on IacIs.
Do noI geI InvoIved In phIIosophIcaI argumenIs because Ihey have no beneIII.
DeaI wIIh peopIe wIseIy.
Remember Ihe Day oI |udgmenI and AIIah because II wIII gIve you sIrengIh.
SIIck wIIh Ihe IruIh even II II Is agaInsI you.
You do noI need Io sIray Irom Ihe sunnah Io make IIIe easy.
Manners are a Iorm oI daw'ah.

+i
|uqiqq |uqiqq |uqiqq |uqiqq ibr |ukud. ibr |ukud. ibr |ukud. ibr |ukud. - -- -|ikruu (1c eoui wo eoud wccp urqorc uwuq) |ikruu (1c eoui wo eoud wccp urqorc uwuq) |ikruu (1c eoui wo eoud wccp urqorc uwuq) |ikruu (1c eoui wo eoud wccp urqorc uwuq)

SIarI oI MusIIm dynasIy In SpaIn: In 700 CL, RodrIgo Iurned hIs IoIIowers In SpaIn agaInsI Ihe kIng and
kIIIed Ihe kIng and Iook over Ihe kIngdom. The chIIdren oI IhaI kIng ran away Io escape. |uIIan, one oI Ihe
chIIdren, ran away and couId noI IInd any saIe haven Io supporI hIm agaInsI RodrIgo, who ruIed very
aggressIveIy and was a dIcIaIor. |uIIan wenI Io seek heIp Irom Musab Ibn Nusayr who was In Morocco. He
senI hIm a IeIIer sayIng IhaI Ihey are seekIng Ihe heIp oI Ihe MusIIms Io proIecI Ihem agaInsI RodrIgo and
Ihe peopIe are suIIerIng greaIIy under hIm, so we wanI your heIp and Ior you Io come and ruIe our counIry
because Ihey do noI have Ihe abIIIIy Io do so. ImmedIaIeIy, Musab ordered Ihe IIrsI army oI MusIIms Io Iand
In SpaIn Io supporI |uIIan agaInsI RodrIgo. The MusIIms came Io SpaIn IhIs way In 711 CL (92 AH).
RodrIgo's wIIe became MusIIm and marrIed Ihe MusIIm khaIIIah AbduIAzeez Ibn Musa. She was known as
Umm AsIm. SpaIn remaIned In Ihe hands oI Ihe MusIIms Irom IhaI IIme Io 138 AH when Ihe Umoowees
Iook over and ruIed Ior a Iong IIme unIII 400 AH (1010 CL) when II remaIned In Ihe hands oI Ihe MusIIms In
smaII groups. II IaIer became weak and In 897 AH (1492 CL), Ihe MusIIm kIngdom In SpaIn IeII Io Ihe
Crusaders.

unc

BaqIyy Ibn MakhIad Ibn Yazeed AI AndaIusI AI QurIubee,

He IIved In SpaIn when AndaIus was a sIronghoId Ior Ihe MusIIms durIng Ihe IIme oI Ihe Umoowees.

urqu

Abu Abdur Rahman and Shaykh AIIsIam

|iii

Ramadan, 201 AH (March 812 CL) In Cordova

Dcui

276 AH (889 CL) aI Ihe age oI 7S

Cuiq ijc

The Imam was born and raIsed In Cordova In a reIaIIveIy poor househoId.

AI IhaI IIme In AI AndaIus onIy MaaIIkI IIqh was Iamous. He IraveIed IwIce In Ihe pursuII oI knowIedge: Ihe
IIrsI IrIp Iook 14 years, and Ihe second Iook 20. He IraveIed Io NorIh AIrIca, where he sIudIed under
Sahnoon In TunIsIa, and Io LgypI, Makkah, MadInah, AshShaam, and AIIraq, where he sIudIed under Imam
Ahmad aI Ihe age oI 29. He narraIed Irom 284 schoIars.

One IrIp: He wenI Irom Cordova Io Morocco (S18 mIIes) and Ihen Io TunIsIa where he sIayed Ior some IIme
and sIudIed under severaI shuyookh IncIudIng Sahnoon, Ihe IaqIh oI Morocco and Ihe shaykh oI Ihe MaIIkIs
oI hIs IIme who was a muhaddIIh and IaqIh who dIed In 26S AH. Sahnoon was consIdered one oI Ihe mosI
ImporIanI sIudenIs oI Imam MaaIIk. He had IraveIed Io Iearn hadeeIh buI aIso Iearned IIqh. He Ihen
IraveIed Io CaIro and Ihen Io Damascus (380 mIIes) and Ihen Io AI Basrah (~70S mIIes) and Ihen Io WasII
(181 mIIes) and Ihen Io AIKuIah (89 mIIes) and Ihen Io Baghdad (90 mIIes) and Ihen Io Khurasan In Iran
(230 mIIes) and Ihen Io Makkah (1,083 mIIes). He wenI Irom Makkah Io Yemen (614 mIIes). He Ihen wenI
Irom Yemen Io Makkah Io MadInah (210 mIIes) Io CaIro (614 mIIes) Io TunIsIa Io Morocco Io Cordova. ToIaI
mIIeage: 10,23S mIIes. He waIked Ihe enIIre IrIp and dId noI rIde a horse, cameI, or muIe jusI Io coIIecI Ihe
+2
hadeeIh oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). ThIs IrIp Iook 22 years. ThIs IrIp sIarIed when he was
29 years oId.

The second IrIp: Cordova Io Morocco (S18 mIIes) Io TunIsIa Io CaIro Io |erusaIem Io MadInah Io Makkah Io
Baghdad Io CaIro Io TunIsIa Io Morocco Io Cordova. ToIaI mIIeage: 7,69S mIIes. AgaIn, he waIked Ihe enIIre
IrIp.

The IoIaI oI hIs IraveIs Is: 18,372 mIIes (aI IeasI whaI we know abouI)

AIong wIIh Muhammad Ibn Waddaah (199 AH 287 AH: 814 CL 900 CL), he was Ihe prImary cause In Ihe
spread oI Ihe ScIence oI HadeeIh In AndaIusIa. BeIore Ihese Iwo men, hadeeIh dId noI exIsI sIrongIy In AI
AndaIus.

When he seIIIed In AndaIus, he broughI wIIh hIm many books IhaI conIaIned Ihe madhaahIb oI varIous
schoIars and Ihe opInIons oI Ihe sahabah.

He had a son named Ahmad, who became known as a narraIor oI HadeeIh.

He IIved as a poor person Io Ihe exIenI IhaI he couId noI IInd anyIhIng Io eaI and wouId someIImes eaI raw
cabbage.


He had a very bIg buIId and sIaIure and was very sIrong; he was never seen upon a rIdIng anImaI. He had a
hooked nose wIIh a bIg beard.

AIImaam AdhDhahabee saId abouI hIm: "He was a greaI Imam: IruIhIuI, sIncere, rIghIeous, a roIe modeI In
knowIedge and deed, wIIh no one Io compare Io hIm."


1. SIudyIng under Sahnoon Ibn Sa'eed (26S AH : 888 CL), Ihe greaI MaaIIkI jurIsI In TunIsIa. ThIs made hIm
a IaqIh and a muhaddIIh, whIch Is someIhIng specIaI abouI IhaI IIme because peopIe wouId eIIher be
very knowIedgeabIe In IIqh or hadeeIh buI noI boIh.

2. TraveIIng In pursuII oI knowIedge, especIaIIy Io coIIecI HadeeIh. He InIeracIed wIIh dIIIerenI schoIars
and broughI a IoI oI new knowIedge Io AIAndaIus.

3. The spread oI rumors and IaIsehood IhaI some oI Ihe MaIIkI Iuqahaa' caused, IeadIng Io a debaIe In Ihe
presence oI Ihe khaIIIah Muhammad Ibn Abdur Rahman AIUmawee. The debaIe resuIIed In Ihe
KhaIIIah's admIraIIon and supporI oI BaqIyy Ibn MakhIad.

The MaIIkI Iuqahaa wenI Io Ihe khaIIIah and caIIed BaqIyy Ibn MakhIad an InnovaIor. The khaIIIah caIIed Ior
BaqIyy and asked hIm Ior Ihe book IhaI he Ieaches Irom. The khaIIIah gave Ihe book Io a ChrIsIIan who
worked Ior Ihe khaIIIah and IoId hIm Io read II because Ihe ChrIsIIan does noI have a preIerence Ior a
madhab. The khaIIIah wIIh schoIars IIsIened Io whaI Is In Ihe book, and he Ihen saId Io Ihe ChrIsIIan In
charge oI Ihe khaIIIah's IIbrary: "ThIs book Is greaI, and I have never heard anyIhIng IIke IhIs beIore. Take II
Io Ihe IIbrary and make a copy oI II Ior my coIIecIIon. BaqIyy, whaIever you are IeachIng Is very good, so
spread Ihe knowIedge, and I wIII supporI you."

4. LIvIng durIng a IIme oI poIIIIcaI sIabIIIIy In AndaIus, under Ihe Umayyad SIaIe (138 AH 422 AH : 7SS
1030 CL)

+

>iuiu

Ahmad Ibn AbI KhayIhamah, who IIved In Baghdad, used Io IeII Ihe sIudenIs oI knowIedge comIng
Irom AIAndaIus: "You have BaqIyy In your counIry. We used Io caII hIm AIMIknasah. A counIry
whIch has BaqIyy, does noI need anyone Io IraveI ouI oI II Io come here." AIMIknasah Is Ihe one who
sweeps , wIpes ouI.

AbuI WaIeed saId: "BaqIyy Ibn MakhIad IIIIed AIAndaIus wIIh HadeeIh."

AsIam Ibn AbduI Azeez: "He Is Ihe besI man I have ever meI In Ihe easI or Ihe wesI."

Abu Lubaabah saId: "BaqIyy was among Ihe wIsesI and mosI nobIe oI men."

AdhDhahabee gave hIm Ihe IIIIes oI 'Shaykh aIIsIam' and 'The RoIe ModeI'

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. He spread HadeeIh and Sunnah In AIAndaIus and InsIrucIed peopIe Io Iearn Ihe hadeeIh and noI Io
encIose IhemseIves whoIIy on Ihe opInIons oI Ihe MaIIkI jurIsIs.

BaqIyy saId: "I have pIanIed someIhIng In AIAndaIus IhaI wIII noI IaII unIII Ihe IIme oI Ihe IaIse MessIah."
He Is reIerrIng Io Ihe Sunnah oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam).

When he spread Ihe hadeeIh, he had a conIIIcI wIIh Ihe MaIIkI jurIsIs, whIch Is why Ihey dIsIIked hIm and
pIoIIed agaInsI hIm. He wouId gIve IaIwa based on Ihe Sunnah oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam)
or Ihe companIons and noI on Ihe opInIon oI Ihe MaIIkI jurIsIs, whIch Ied Io Ihe conIIIcI.

2. He auIhored Iwo greaI books, whIch are consIdered among Ihe greaIesI books In IsIam. The IIrsI Is
TaIseer BaqIyy; Ibn Hazm saId regardIng II: "No oIher TaIseer has been wrIIIen IhaI can compare Io
BaqIyy's TaIseer, noI even Ihe TaIseer oI AITabaree." The second Is AIMusnad, whIch conIaIned
narraIIons Irom 1,300 Sahabah. II was a musnad and musannaI as weII.

The IargesI musnad Is IhaI oI BaqIyy Ibn MakhIad. He has S,000 hadeeIh Irom Abu Hurayrah In hIs musnad.
Musnad: Ihe hadeeIh are organIzed accordIng Io Ihe names oI Ihe sahabah

Ibn Hazm saId no oIher IaIseer has been wrIIIen IhaI can compare Io IhaI oI BaqIyy's, noI even AITabarI.

3. He was a mujIahId: IreeIng hImseII Irom beIng resIrIcIed by a sIngIe madhhab. He InIroduced Ihe
dIIIerence oI opInIon Io Ihe sIudenIs oI knowIedge and IaughI Ihem how Io deaI wIIh Ihese dIIIerences
In Ihe correcI manner.

4. He was a muhaddIIh and Iaqeeh who reached Ihe IeveI oI IjIIhaad and a muIasIr.

S. He was very easy Io approach and InIeracIed oIIen wIIh Ihe peopIe; he vIsIIed Ihem, heIped Ihem,
wIInessed IheIr IuneraIs, and parIIcIpaIed In 72 baIIIes.

nun |uqiqq ibr |ukud pcri + qcui oj i ijc iiuvcir jion
urd io urd ir ic puiuii oj krowcdc or jooi.
++
Once a woman came Io hIm whIIe he was In Cordova and saId: "The ruIer oI |aen puI a hIgh Iax on me, and I
do noI have a husband or anyone Io IaIk Io hIm on my behaII7" He waIked wIIh her aII Ihe way back Io |aen
(108 mIIes) jusI Io InIercede Ior her.

A man came Io hIm Irom a pIace near Randa (163 mIIes), Io ask Ior hIs heIp, and he wenI wIIh hIm.

Someone Irom SevIIIe came Io ask Ior hIs heIp because he was abused by Ihe judge, and BaqIyy waIked wIIh
hIm Io deIend hIm (1S0 mIIes).

6. He was a pIous man, and an avId worshIpper; he IasIed daIIy excepI on IrIdays and Ihe Iwo LIds. In Ihe
end oI hIs IIIe, he used Io read Ihe enIIre Quran daIIy In hIs nIghI prayers. He used Io pray 100 rak'ahs
daIIy. He was asceIIc, and hIs suppIIcaIIons were known Io be accepIed.

A person Irom hIs vIIIage was capIured by Ihe Romans, and hIs IamIIy came Io BaqIyy Io ask hIm Io make
du'aa. BaqIyy made du'aa Ior Ihe man. The chaIns IhaI were hoIdIng Ihe man broke, and when Ihe ruIer
ordered chaIns Io be puI agaIn on hIm, Ihey aIso broke. The ruIer Ihen saId IhaI IhIs man Is pIous, so seI
hIm Iree. When Ihe man reIurned Io hIs vIIIage, Ihey asked when IhIs happened, and II was aI Ihe same IIme
IhaI BaqIyy was makIng du'aa Ior hIm In Ihe masjId.

7. He uIIIIzed and managed hIs IIme In IhaI whIch was beneIIcIaI.

HIs grandson descrIbed hIs daIIy rouIIne In Ihe IoIIowIng words:

"AIIer Iajr, he wouId read 1,6 oI Ihe Quran. He wouId Ihen pray hIs 100 rak'ahs. He wouId go home Io
renew hIs wudu whIIe hIs sIudenIs gaIhered In hIs masjId. He wouId reIurn Io Ihem and Ieach Ihem Ihe IIqh
oI HadeeIh, or oIher subjecIs unIII dhuhr. He wouId reIurn Io Ihem and Ieach Ihem Ihe IIqh oI HadeeIh, or
oIher subjecIs, unIII dhuhr. He wouId caII Ihe adhaan, and Ihen pray. AIIer dhuhr, he wouId narraIe
hadeeIh unIII asr. AIIer asr prayer, he wouId narraIe hadeeIh agaIn unIII maghrIb. SomeIImes, he wouId cuI
IhIs cIass shorI and go vIsII Ihe cemeIery. He wouId sII Ihere and Iook and Ihe graves and cry unIII maghrIb.
He wouId pray maghrIb aI Ihe masjId, Ihen he wouId go home Io eaI. He wouId Ihen Ieave Io pray Isha. On
hIs way Io Isha, he wouId sIop Io IaIk Io neIghbors and aIIer Isha prayer, he wouId go ImmedIaIeIy back Io
hIs home Io spend IIme wIIh hIs IamIIy. He wouId Ihen sIeep Ior a shorI IIme and Ihen wake up Ior hIs nIghI
prayers. When Ihe IasI IhIrd oI Ihe nIghI began, he wouId Ieave Ior Ihe masjId Io compIeIe hIs nIghI prayers
Ihere. HIs enIIre nIghI prayer was 13 rak'ahs."

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

He had IraveIed Io Baghdad Io meeI Imam Ahmad when he heard IhaI Ihe KhaIIIah AIWaaIhIq had
IorbIdden Imam Ahmad Irom IeachIng and had puI hIm under house arresI. He saId: "I was very sad. I
renIed a room In an Inn. I Ihen wenI Io Ihe masjId where I saw Yahyaa Ibn Ma'een IeachIng many sIudenIs
oI knowIedge. I IeII a IIIIIe beIIer seeIng IhIs. I asked hIm severaI quesIIons, buI Ihe sIudenIs were upseI
because I asked Ioo many quesIIons, so I saId: "One IasI quesIIon: WhaI do you IhInk oI Ahmad Ibn
HanbaI7" He Iooked aI me wIIh a surprIsed expressIon.

He repIIed: "You are askIng ML abouI Imam Ahmad7 He Is Ihe Imam oI Ihe MusIIms and Ihe besI oI Ihem."

I IeII Ihe MasjId and asked peopIe Io show me Imam Ahmad's house. I vIsIIed hIm and IoId hIm I was a
sIranger who was seekIng Ihe knowIedge oI HadeeIh. I IoId hIm IhaI I had IraveIed Irom aIar Io meeI hIm.
He asked me: "Irom NorIh AIrIca7"

I repIIed: "IurIher, I've come Irom AIAndaIus."

Ahmad saId: "ThaI Is very Iar. I wouId Iove Io Ieach you, buI I IhInk you are aware oI whaI has happened."

+
I IoId hIm IhaI I had a suggesIIon. I asked hIm whaI II I came Io hIm everyday In Ihe cIoIhes oI a beggar. He
agreed, and I wouId go Io hIm everyday, knockIng on Ihe door, and he wouId Ieach me one or Iwo hadeeIh.
ThIs conIInued unIII Ihe khaIIIah dIed and AIMuIawakkII, who came aIIer hIm, canceIed Ihe prevIous order
Iowards Imam Ahmad. He honored and supporIed hIm."

When Imam Ahmad resumed hIs cIasses In Ihe masjId, he oIIen praIsed BaqIyy and menIIoned hIs sIory wIIh
hIm, commendIng hIs paIIence.

Dcui

He dIed 28 |umaadah AIAkhIrah, 276 AH (OcIober 27, 889 CL)

Giji jion |uqiqq ibr |ukud

"I have pIanIed In AndaIusIa Ihe knowIedge IhaI wIII remaIn unIII Ihe emergence oI Ihe IaIse MessIah."

cor jion ic ijc oj |uqiqq ibr |ukud

Someone can come Irom Iar Irom Ihe MIddIe LasI and sIIII be a knowIedgeabIe person.
KnowIedge Is worIh IraveIIng Ior.
Use every means possIbIe Io seek knowIedge.
Have paIIence whIIe seekIng knowIedge.
KnowIedge Is noI resIrIcIed Io Ihe weaIIhy.
He wouId IraveI a Iong dIsIance Io heIp a sIranger.
The besI man Is known In Ihe pubIIc and does noI IsoIaIe hImseII. The purpose oI IearnIng Is Io go ouI
and InIeracI wIIh peopIe. We need peopIe Io show by exampIe. Learn and come back and be InvoIved In
Ihe communIIy.
You can do so much In one day II you manage your IIme.
You wIII noI Iake a IeadershIp posIIIon In daw'ah unIess you have knowIedge.
SchoIars emphasIze a IoI on Ihe knowIedge oI Ihe sahabah. Nowadays, peopIe Iocus on whaI Ihe
madhahIb say raIher Ihan whaI Abu Bakr (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) or Umar (radhI AIIahu 'anhu) saId.

eiiviiq >cci

1. How many ahadeeIh have you memorIzed7

2. How can you heIp spread Ihe Sunnah In your communIIy7

ReadIng a chapIer oI RIyadh AsSaIIheen aIIer maghrIb prayer each day.
PracIIcIng Ihe sunnah In pubIIc.
PosI one hadeeIh on Ihe masjId board every week.
In socIaI gaIherIngs, when someone asks you a quesIIon, Ieach Ihem by IeIIIng Ihem Ihe hadeeIh oI
Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam).
Have 'hadeeIh cookIes' InsIead oI IorIune cookIes.
InIeracIIng wIIh Ihe youIh.
Make chIIdren sIorybooks wIIh Ihe ahadeeIh.
LmaII sIgnaIure wIIh hadeeIh.
PuI hadeeIh In your bIog or websIIe.
On a IamIIy IeveI, have a weekIy meeIIng jusI Io read Ihe sunnah.
KhaIeebs shouId IncIude Ihe hadeeIh In IheIr khuIbah.
CompeIIIIons In memorIzIng hadeeIh.

+t
unuiiud luwcc. 1c !iin unuiiud luwcc. 1c !iin unuiiud luwcc. 1c !iin unuiiud luwcc. 1c !iin o Jiudcri o Jiudcri o Jiudcri o Jiudcri

HIsIorIcaI Background: She IIved In Ihe IIme when Ihe AbbasId LmpIre was weak, and every major cIIy was a
kIngdom by IIseII, especIaIIy In AshShaam.

unc

Zumurrud KhaaIoon bInI |awIee, SaIwaI AIMuIk (The Cream oI RoyaIIy) Irom Ihe SeIjuk Turks (Turks oI
Iraq)

|iii

470 AH (1074 CL) In AshShaam

Dcui

SS7 AH (1161 CL), havIng IIved aImosI 90 years

Cuiq ijc

She had a royaI upbrIngIng. Her IaIher PrInce |awIee, her uncIe, and her sIepIaIher TInIIsh Ibn AIb ArsaIaan,
aII ruIed Damascus as KIng aI some IIme. Her haII broIher, Irom her moIher's sIde, KIng Daqqaaq, was aIso
a KIng In AshShaam beIore Ihe Crusaders. BeIng In a royaI IamIIy dId noI sIop her Irom beIng rIghIeous.
She masIered Ihe IIqh oI Imam Abu HanIIah.

She memorIzed Ihe Quran durIng her chIIdhood.

She sIudIed hadeeIh and IIqh accordIng Io Ihe madhhab oI Abu HaneeIah, unIII she aIIaIned a schoIarIy
IeveI.

Her IaIher marrIed her Io KIng Booree (The WoII), son oI KIng TaghaIkeen (The WarrIor IaIcon), who aIso
beIonged Io Ihe SeIjuk Turks. He was known as a greaI IIghIer In Ihe wars agaInsI Ihe Crusaders and In
IIghIIng Ihe BaaIInees, an exIreme ShI'a group.


PeopIe commenIed abouI her InIeIIIgence and beauIy.

npoiiuri !ueioi iui >upcd tci ijc

1. CrowIng up In a IamIIy oI royaIIy made her weIIeducaIed wIIh reIIned manners.

2. She was surrounded by schoIars aI an earIy age, and she memorIzed Ihe Quran. KIngs IIke Io have
schoIars around Ihem.

3. She grew up durIng Ihe IIme oI Ihe Crusaders who occupIed IheIr Iand Ior more Ihan 40 years. She saw
cIearIy how Ihe MusIIm ummah was dIvIded and how Ihe Crusaders were abIe Io Iake power.

4. She saw dIssensIon among Ihe MusIIm Ummah; every cIIy Iormed IIs own mInIgovernmenI wIIh IIs own
kIng, and Ihey IoughI agaInsI each oIher.

+
S. She wIInessed Ihe movemenI oI Imaad AdDeen ZInkee, who IrIed Io unIIe Ihe MusIIms under hIs
IeadershIp agaInsI Ihe Crusaders. He saId IhaI II Ihe MusIIms unIIed, Ihey wouId be sIronger Ihan Ihe
Crusaders.

6. The deaIh oI her husband, Booree, and her son Shams AIMuIook IsmaII's successIon Io Ihe Ihrone. AIIer
her husband's deaIh, her IIIe changed. IsmaII was dhaIIm and a very bad person. He wouId spend mosI
oI hIs IIme drInkIng aIcohoI and wanIed Io Increase hIs weaIIh. He pracIIced evII acIIons openIy and
enjoyed IorIurIng Ihe peopIe and sIeaIIng Irom Ihe peopIe. He desIroyed hIs IaIher's repuIaIIon and hIs
IamIIy's Iegacy. He chose an assIsIanI named Badra who was known as Badra aIkaIIr. PeopIe sIarIed Io
go Io Imaad AdDeen ZInkee because Ihey dId noI IIke IsmaII as a ruIer.

7. Her son ShIhaab AdDeen Mahmood's successIon Io Ihe Ihrone oI Damascus, durIng whIch she was Ihe
reaI ruIer. Mahmood was a very weak person, and hIs moIher was Ihe reaI ruIer. ThIs was Ihe besI IIme
under whIch Ihe counIry was ruIed. She reIurned aII money IhaI was Iaken Irom anyone unjusIIy. She
broughI money Io Ihe peopIe, and Ihe economy IIourIshed. She aIso spread jusIIce and supporIed Ihe
HanaIIs and puI Ihem In power In Damascus and buIII schooIs Ior Ihem.

8. She marrIed Imaad AdDeen ZInkee In order Io unIIe Ihe Iwo kIngdoms under Ihe IeadershIp oI Imaad
AdDeen.

She was Ihe queen, buI many oI Ihe mInIsIers were IoIIowers oI IsmaII and were unhappy because Ihey do
noI have money. The mInIsIers suggesIed Io her IhaI she marry Imaad AdDeen ZInkee. She was moIIvaIed
by Ihe unIIy oI Ihe MusIIms and agreed Io Ihe marrIage. She waIked ouI oI Damascus Io marry hIm, and Ihe
mInIsIers Iocked her ouI, and she IosI her kIngdom. The marrIage was a IerrIbIe move In her IIIe. When
Imaad AdDeen ZInkee Iound ouI IhaI he wouId obIaIn anyIhIng Irom IhIs marrIage, he senI her Io hIs
homeIown and never saw her agaIn. She wenI Io Baghdad and IoId Ihe khaIIIah Io IeII hIm IhaI she was a
queen, buI she was noI aIIowed Io meeI hIm. She couId noI go back Io Damascus, and she couId noI go Io
Imaad, so she wenI Io HIjaz and spenI years In Makkah supporIIng herseII by workIng Io supporI herseII.
She became sIck and wenI Irom Makkah Io MadInah Io dIe Ihere. She never asked anyone Ior heIp, and she
dIed In MadInah and was burIed In AIBaqee. OnIy aIIer her deaIh dId peopIe reaIIze who she was.

>iuiu

1. She was a nobIe and rIghIeous queen.
2. She was HaaIIdhah and Iaqeehah.
3. She was daughIer oI a kIng, wIIe oI Iwo kIngs, sIsIer oI a kIng, moIher oI Iwo kIngs, and grandmoIher oI
a kIng.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

CombInaIIon oI knowIedge and power: she was a HaaIIdhah and Iaqeehah as weII as a queen.
She IInancIaIIy and poIIIIcaIIy supporIed HanaII schoIars.
She was rIghIeous In weaIIh and poverIy, durIng power and when II was Iaken away.
She cared and Ioved her peopIe proIoundIy and so she was weIIIoved and respecIed by her peopIe.
She was very IIrm In Ihe IruIh.

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

When her son IsmaII was kIng, she IearnI oI hIs Ireason and pIoI agaInsI her. She ordered her servanIs and
guards Io Iock Ihe paIace door, and when her son enIered, she ordered Ihem Io kIII hIm. IsmaII Iocked up
hIs moIher, and knew IhaI she was In Iavor oI Imaad, and he made a deaI wIIh Ihe Crusaders Io Iake over
Damascus. She waIched hIm scream: "ZInhaar! ZInhaar!" ("ProIecI me! ProIecI me!") unIII he dIed. In Ihe
mornIng, hIs body was Iaken and Ihrown ouI In IronI oI Ihe peopIe. ThereaIIer, she appoInIed her second
son Mahmood as Ihe new ruIer.
+8

Dcui

BeIore her deaIh aI nIneIy years, she moved Io MadInah. By IhaI IIme, aII her weaIIh was gone. She had
dIgnIIy, so she never asked Ior money. She used Io work sIIIIng IIour. She was known In MadInah Ior her
IasIIng and prayer, buI mosI peopIe were unaware oI her Irue IdenIIIy. She dIed In MadInah In SS7 AH (1161
CL) and was burIed In AIBaqee'. AIIer her deaIh, peopIe reaIIzed IhaI a queen had been IIvIng among Ihem.

Giji jion unuiiud luwcc

DIgnIIy Is Ihe mark oI a Irue royaI upbrIngIng.

cor jion ic ijc oj unuiiud luwcc

No one couId Iake away her deen and eman.
Cender shouId be a IacIor In prevenIIng you Irom IearnIng or becomIng a person oI knowIedge.
Don'I be deceIved by empIy words.
WeaIIh and hIgh sIaIus shouId noI sIop you Irom IearnIng.
Try your besI Io keep Ihe ummah IogeIher.
The bond oI IaIIh Is sIronger Ihan Ihe bond oI bIood.
BeIng rIghIeous does noI mean IhaI you wIII noI go Ihrough IrIaIs.
Turn Io AIIah (subhanahu waIa'aIa) Ior heIp.

+,
!uuiinu !uuiinu !uuiinu !uuiinu - -- ->unuiqurdiqqu. 1c |cuuiiju luiii >unuiqurdiqqu. 1c |cuuiiju luiii >unuiqurdiqqu. 1c |cuuiiju luiii >unuiqurdiqqu. 1c |cuuiiju luiii

unc

IaIImah bInI Muhammad bIn Ahmad AsSamarqandee

|iii

DaIe unknown, born In vIIIage oI Kaasaan In Samarqand, Bukhaaraa

Dcui

LxacI daIe unknown, shorIIy beIore S87 AH (1191 CL). ThIs Is Ihe daIe oI Ihe deaIh oI her husband, and II
was saId IhaI he dIed soon aIIer her deaIh.

Cuiq ijc

Her IaIher was a greaI HanaII Iaqeeh, who was besI known Ior hIs book "TuhIaIuIIuqahaa" and Ior hIs
rIghIeousness. ThIs book Is consIdered one oI Ihe mosI ImporIanI pIeces oI work In HanaII IIqh. She was
very cIose Io her IaIher and very InIeIIIgenI.

She sIudIed under her IaIher and oIher schoIars oI her Iown. She masIered Ihe HanaII IIqh and became very
Iamous so peopIe In Samarqand wouId poInI Io her as a Iaqeehah. She was capabIe oI gIvIng IaIwa.

Many kIngs and ruIers wanIed Io marry her, buI her IaIher reIused aII oI Ihem. She marrIed Abu Bakr AI
Kaasaanee, one oI her IaIher's sIudenIs, and her mahr was Ior hIm Io wrIIe "AIBadaa'I," an expIanaIIon oI
her IaIher's book. ThIs expIanaIIon Is known unIII Ioday as Ihe mosI ImporIanI reIerence In HanaII IIqh.
Abu Bakr became known as 'Ihe kIng oI Ihe schoIars' because he masIered Ihe IIqh. ThIs mahr Increased Ihe
chances IhaI her IaIher's book wouId become Iamous, and she was concerned abouI Ihe Iegacy oI her IaIher
remaInIng.
AIIer Ihe deaIh oI her IaIher, she IraveIed Io AshShaam wIIh her husband.


She was known Ior her beauIy and Ior her beauIIIuI handwrIIIng. She was caIIed Ihe 'beauIIIuI Iaqeehah.'

npoiiuri !ueioi iui >upcd tci ijc

1. She grew up In a schoIarIy home. Her IaIher cared a IoI abouI InvesIIng In hIs daughIer.

2. She marrIed a sIudenI oI knowIedge. ThIs aIIowed her Io conIInue her IIIe as a sIudenI oI knowIedge.

3. She heId an advIsory posIIIon Io Ihe greaI KIng oI AIeppo, Nooruddeen ZInkee. She was a knowIedgeabIe
person, and Ihe ZInkees were a HanaII kIngdom. She had wIde experIence Irom her IaIher, IssuIng
IaIwas, deaIIng wIIh peopIe's aIIaIrs, IraveIIng Io AshShaam, havIng a husband who Is a sIudenI oI
knowIedge, and IearnIng Irom dIIIerenI shuyookh.

>iuiu

1. She was a greaI HanaII Iaqeehah and MujaIhIdah (was abIe Io Issue IaIwa regardIng new Issues).

2. RuIers soughI her advIce due Io her greaI wIsdom.

o
AI Ihe end oI her IIIe, she asked her husband Io move back Io Samarqand. The kIng requesIed her husband
IhaI Ihey sIay. The kIng senI a messenger Io her, and when Ihe messenger came Io Ihe house, she was aIone.
The messenger IoId her IhaI her husband and Ihe kIng had senI her, and she IoId Ihe messenger: "TeII my
husband IhaI I IhInk he IorgoI Ihe IIqh he Iearned In hIs youIh. SInce when Is II aIIowed Ior a woman and a
sIranger Io be aIIowed aIone In a house7" When she Ihen meI her husband, he IoId her IhaI II Is Ihe kIng's
personaI wIsh IhaI Ihey sIay, and she saId IhaI II IhaI Is Ihe case and her husband agrees, Ihen Ihey wouId
sIay.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. She had ouIsIandIng IamIIy reIaIIonshIps wIIh her IaIher and husband.
2. She had precIse knowIedge and undersIandIng oI Ihe madhab oI Abu HanIIah.

Her husband was IeachIng In Ihe masjId and reIerred Io a ruIe In Ihe madhab, and she correcIed hIm. He
revIewed II and saId IhaI her opInIon was correcI and IhaI he was wrong. He admIIIed IhaI she had
memorIzed Ihe madhab more accuraIeIy Ihan hIm. ThereIore, when IaIwas were IaIer Issued, her IaIher's
name was aI Ihe Iop and Ihen her name and Ihen her husband's name. AIIer her IaIher's deaIh, her name
wouId be on Iop wIIh her husband's name underneaIh.

3. She respecIed and cared Ior knowIedge and schoIars Irom her earIy age Io deaIh. When she was cIose Io
Ihe khaIIIah, she urged hIm Io supporI severaI HanaII schooIs IhaI were In a bad shape aI IhaI IIme.
Once, she soId her goId Io supporI a HanaII schooI so IhaI II couId conIInue IeachIng Ihe madhab.
4. She had wIsdom and a broad ouIIook.
S. She gave IaIawaa and answered peopIe's quesIIons.

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

When her IaIher Issued a wrIIIen IaIwa, II wouId aIways be sIgned:

Muhammad Ibn Ahmad AsSamardandee
IaIImah bInI Muhammad AsSamarqandIyyah

AIIer marrIage, her husband's name, Abu Bakr AIKaasaanee, was added underneaIh. AIIer her IaIher's
deaIh, IheIr IaIaawaa wouId be Issued wIIh her name IIrsI IoIIowed by her husband's name.

Her IaIher respecIed her so much In knowIedge IhaI when he Issued a IaIwa, he wouId menIIon hIs name aI
Ihe Iop and wouId Ihen wrIIe her name underneaIh hIs.

Dcui

She dIed In AIeppo. Her husband was very aIIecIed by her deaIh, and he dIed shorIIy aIIerwards In Ihe year
S87 AH (1191 CL) and was burIed besIde her.

Giji jion !uiinu ->unuiqurdiqqu

"IaIhers, InvesI In your daughIers."

i
cor jion ic ijc oj !uiinu ->unuiqurdiqqu

AIways spend IIme wIIh your IamIIy.
She was an exceIIenI exampIe oI a good wIIe.
She dId noI care abouI a rIch proposaI buI abouI rIghIeousness.
The door shouId noI be open Ior a IemaIe jusI because she Is a IemaIe. She musI be a quaIIIIed person.
II Is Ihe responsIbIIIIy oI Ihe Ieaders In Ihe communIIy Io open up Ihe doors Io aIIow more roIes Ior
women. II we do noI InvesI In Ihe sIsIers, we Iose Ihe enIIre socIeIy.
Her husband was noI an obsIacIe In her paIh oI IeachIng, dawah, IearnIng and beIng acIIve In Ihe
communIIy. She conIInued her roIes whIIe she was marrIed. Ior many peopIe now, marrIage Is an
obsIacIe prevenIIng peopIe Irom conIrIbuIIng more. ThIs means baIance In IIIe and supporI Irom boIh
parIIes Io each oIher.

2
bduGuri br bduvuccd bduGuri br bduvuccd bduGuri br bduvuccd bduGuri br bduvuccd - -- -|uqdicc. |c u |i |uqdicc. |c u |i |uqdicc. |c u |i |uqdicc. |c u |ioiupcil oiupcil oiupcil oiupcil

unc

AbduIChanI Ibn AbduI WahId Ibn AII AI |ummaa'eeIee AIMaqdIsI, Ihen AdDImashqee, AsSaIIhee, AI
HanbaII, Abu Muhammad, TaqIyyuddeen

|iii

S41 AH (114S CL) In |ummaa'eeI In NabIus, PaIesIIne

Dcui

600 AH (1203 CL) In LgypI

Cuiq ijc

He came Irom a IamIIy oI knowIedgeabIe HanbaII schoIars. AImosI aII oI hIs uncIes, cousIns, aunIs, and
grandIaIhers were schoIars In boIh hIs moIher's and IaIher's sIdes. AII oI Ihem were HanbaII schoIars. |The
sIudenI oI knowIedge In Ihe begInnIng Is exIreme and sIrIcI In vIews because he onIy knows one IhIng, buI
as he Iearns more, Ihen he becomes Iess exIreme because he sees Ihe bIgger pIcIure.]

He mIgraIed Io Damascus wIIh hIs IamIIy when he was 7 years oId. He IIved In an area caIIed AsSaIIhIyyah.

He sIudIed under Ihe schoIars oI Damascus. The Umayyad Mosque In Damascus had Iour corners, and each
sIde had a mIhrab and IIs own adhaan and jama'ah and saIah. II Is IhIs way unIII Ioday In IhIs masjId. UnIII
Muhammad Ibn Wahhab came, II was Ihe same way In Makkah. He sIudIed under Ihe madhab oI Imam
Ahmad In Ihe Umayyad Mosque.

He IraveIed wIIh hIs cousIn MuwaIIaq AdDeen Ibn Qudaamah Io Baghdad Io seek knowIedge when he was
17 years oId. He sIayed Ihere Ior 4 years beIore reIurnIng Io Damascus. MuwaIIaq's moIher and hIs moIher
were sIsIers.

ShorIIy aIIerwards, he IraveIed Io AIexandrIa, LgypI IwIce Io sIudy under AIHaIIdh AsSIIaIee. The IIrsI IIme
he IraveIed Io AIexandrIa, he was 22 years oId.

He IraveIed Io IsIahaan, Ihen IIed Irom II Io AIMusaI In Iraq.

He Ihen reIurned Io Damascus Ihen IeII on hIs second IrIp Io LgypI where he dIed. He sIarIed Io make a
speech IhaI Iook over Ihe hearIs oI Ihe peopIe In Damascus, and Ihe MaIIkIs and ShaaII'ee were worrIed.
They chose a khaIeeb who was good In IeIIIng sIorIes, and Ihey asked hIm Io make cIasses durIng Ihe same
IImes IhaI AbduIChanI IaughI. The average person IIkes sIorIes, and Ihey dId noI wanI AbduIChanI Io
domInaIe Ihe masjId. AbduIChanI reaIIzed Ihe IrIck and swIIched Ihe IImIngs oI hIs cIass. The MaIIkIs and
ShaaII'ee Ihen wenI Io Ihe khaIIIah compIaInIng abouI hIm, and Ihey wanIed Io Iry Io brIng AbduIChanI In
IronI oI Ihe khaIIIah because Ihey knew oI hIs Iemper. AbduIChanI's IamIIy warned hIm noI Io go Io Ihe
khaIIIah because II was a Irap. AbduIChanI was Ieased and became angry and Ihey IoId Ihe khaIIIah IhaI Ihe
HanabIIa do noI recognIze anyone eIse In Ihe masjIds, so Ihe khaIIIah Ihen ordered IhaI aII oI Ihe HanabIIa
cIasses be canceIIed. Lven Ihe HanaIIyyah were scared and hIred gangs Io proIecI IheIr mImbars Irom Ihe
MaIIkIs and ShaaII'ees. AbduIChanI IeII bad and IeII Damascus Io go Io LgypI. He enIered LgypI and on hIs
way Ihere meI Ihe kIng AyoubI and heard hIm speakIng. When he heard Ihe speech, Ihe kIng was very
Impressed and asked hIm where he was goIng. The kIng wroIe a IeIIer IeIIIng Ihe schoIars Io honor hIm.
They saId IhaI II AbduIChanI IIved In LgypI Iong enough, he wouId become Ihe kIng. HIs sIudenIs IoId
peopIe Io IIsIen Io hIm Ior Ihree days and Ihen do whaIever you wanI, and whaI Ihey expecIed hIm Io

achIeve In Ihree days he dId In one cIass. PeopIe became jeaIous oI hIm. The kIng dIed, and Ihen one oI Ihe
MaIIkI judges oIIered Io pay 200 pIeces oI goId Io kIII AbduIChanI and sIop hIm Irom promoIIng hIs madhab
In LgypI. He was pIaced under house arresI Ior 7 days, and he saId IhaI Ihose were Ihe besI seven days oI
hIs IIIe In LgypI. AIIerwards, he was reIeased and In one oI Ihe nIghIs, he prayed Isha and asked aII oI hIs
chIIdren Io come cIose, and he sIarIed IaIkIng Io Ihem and IoId Ihem IhaI deaIh Is comIng Io hIm. He gave
Ihem advIce and aIIer Iajr he gaIhered hIs eIder sons and saId: "I have an advIce Io you. BrIng my books. I
have spenI so much IIme and eIIorI Io coIIecI IhIs knowIedge, so you young generaIIon do noI wasIe whaI
we have spenI so much IIme and eIIorI Io coIIecI. Honor II and spread II and carry II aIIer us." HIs sons
promIsed hIm IhaI. He dIed In Ihe masjId aIIer prayIng Iajr.

He marrIed hIs cousIn RabI'ah, daughIer oI Ahmad Ibn Qudaamah. He had Ihree sons, Izzuddeen AbuIIaIh
Muhammad (S66 AH 612 AH, 1170 CL 121S CL), |amaaIuddeen Abu Musa AbduIIah (S81 AH 629 AH,
118S CL 1231 CL) and MuhyIddeen Abu SuIaymaan AbdurRahman (S82 AH 642 AH, 1186 CL 1244 CL).
AII oI hIs chIIdren were greaI schoIars: judge, muhaddIIh, greaI worshIpper. AII oI Ihem Iook Ijazah Irom
IheIr IaIher and sIudIed under hIm. He senI hIs own chIIdren Io sIudy In AIexandrIa under Ihe shuyookh
Ihere. He senI some oI Ihe Io IsIahaan Io sIudy under Ihe shaykh he had meI Ihere.

HIs TraveIs: Damascus Io Baghdad where he wenI Io AbduI QadIr who was In charge oI a schooI IeachIng Ihe
HanbaII madhab. The shaykh dIed S0 days aIIer Ihey arrIved. He Iearned IIqh and sIarIed Io be exposed Io
oIher schooIs oI IIqh. The hadeeIh oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) InIeresIed hIm Ihe mosI, and
hIs eIIorI Ihen shIIIed Io coIIecI Ihe ahadeeIh oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). He IraveIed Irom
Baghdad back Io Damascus and Ihen AIexandrIa when he was 22. In AIexandrIa, he sIudIed under AsSIIaII.
He IraveIed more Ihan one IIme Io AIexandrIa Io sIudy under IhIs schoIar. HIs nexI IrIp was Irom
AIexandrIa Io Damascus Io IsIahaan Io sIudy under Ihe greaI schoIars Ihere. He sIudIed under Abu Musa AI
IsIahanI. Abu Musa IoId hIm IhaI Ihere Is a book caIIed MaarIIa AsSahabah wIIh Ihe bIographIes oI Ihe
companIons, and II Is wrIIIen by Abu Nu'aym AIIsIahanI, one oI Ihe greaIesI schoIars IhaI Ihe cIIy had
produced. Abu Musa gave hIm Ihe book Io sIudy. He sIudIed II and reIurned II and saId IhaI he Iound 290
mIsIakes In Ihe book. Abu Musa sIopped IIsIenIng Io hIm and IoId hIm IhaI he agreed wIIh aII oI Ihe
mIsIakes IhaI he IIsIed, and he IoId hIm IhaI he cannoI say In pubIIc aII oI Ihese mIsIakes because he wIII be
In IroubIe In Ihe cIIy. AbduIChanI Ihen auIhored a book dIscussIng aII oI Ihe mIsIakes and even IaIked
abouI II In Ihe masjId. A schooI In IhaI area who were exIreme AsharI supporIers who Ioved Abu Nu'aym a
IoI asked hIm how he couId say someIhIng bad abouI IheIr shaykh. They wenI Io Ihe governor who IoId
Ihem Io do whaI Ihey wanIed, so Ihey Issued a IaIwa IhaI AI MaqdIsI shouId be arresIed and kIIIed. AI
MaqdIsI Ihen wenI wIIh Ihe heIp oI hIs shaykh In Ihe nIghI Io a cIIy caIIed AIMusaI Io hIde. He sIayed Ihere
Ior some IIme. One narraIIon saId IhaI II AI MaqdIsI had sIayed Ionger In IsIahaan, he wouId have Iaken Abu
Nu'aym's posIIIon and won Ihe peopIe's hearIs. When he IIved In AIMusaI, hIs repuIaIIon IoIIowed hIm, and
ImmedIaIeIy peopIe sIarIed IaIkIng abouI hIm and Ihe peopIe Ihere accepIed Ihe rumors abouI hIm and
decIde Io Iake hIm Io courI , harm hIm. He Ihen ran back Io Damascus where hIs IamIIy IIved. DurIng IhIs
perIod oI IIme, he Is no Ionger a sIudenI oI knowIedge, buI he had become a crIIIcaI IhInker. He sIarIed Io
anaIyze and accepI, rejecI and correcI.

ToIaI mIIeage Irom hIs IrIps: 4,42S mIIes

He IIved In one oI Ihe worsI eras In IsIamIc hIsIory. There was a Iarge IIghI beIween Ihe Asha'Irah and Ihe
HanabIIah (Ihose who IoIIow Ihe sunnah). The compeIIIIon beIween Ihe Iour madhahIb became greaI. In
norIhern Iran, peopIe IeII Ihe cIIy because oI Ihe IIghI beIween Ihe HanaIIs and ShaaIIyyah Ihere unIII Ihe
cIIy was aImosI empIy. In Ihe books oI IIqh In IhaI IIme, II can be seen IhaI II was saId IhaI MusIIm men
couId noI marry women oI anoIher madhab buI Ihey couId marry ChrIsIIans or |ews. AIso, peopIe were noI
aIIowed Io pray behInd Ihose oI anoIher madhab

The Crusaders had Ihe opporIunIIy Io occupy MusIIm Iands because oI Ihe IIghIIng beIween MusIIms.

+

He was an enormous man, IaII and broad. He had a Ianned compIexIon wIIh nIceIookIng haIr and a IhIck
beard. He had a Iarge Iorehead, and he had sIraIghI whIIe IeeIh (he wouId use Ihe mIswak a IoI). II
appeared as II IIghI shone Irom hIs Iace. HIs eyesIghI weakened due Io exIensIve readIng, wrIIIng, and
cryIng.

>iuiu

Abu Ishaq IbrahIm AIHaaIIdh saId: "HadeeIh spread In AshShaam onIy because oI AIHaIIdh AbduIChanI.
Lvery shaykh I meI and quesIIoned hIm abouI who Is hIs IIrsI shaykh was, Ihe response I wouId geI was: AI
HaIIdh AbduIChanI."

AdhDhahabI saId: "He Is a greaI Imam and haIIdh, a roIe modeI, a IruIhIuI person, a greaI worshIpper, and
a IoIIower oI (narraIIons oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam))."

AdDIaa' saId: "He was Ameer AIMu'mIneen In HadeeIh."

A man once IoId hIm (AbduIChanI): "I saId IhaI my wIIe Is dIvorced II AbduIChanI does noI memorIze
100,000 hadeeIh, so Is my wIIe dIvorced7" AbduIChanI smIIed and saId: "No, and II you had saId more, she
wouIdn'I have eIIher."

AII oI Ihe books he auIhored promoIe ahadeeIh. One oI Ihem Is a coIIecIIon oI wIIh onIy hadeeIh IhaI
BukharI and MusIIm agreed on.
He was a weII known schoIar oI hadeeIh and had a IoI oI knowIedge on narraIors. He wroIe a book (AI
KamaI II Ma'arIIaIII Asma aIRIjaI) whIch Ior 300 years Ihe schoIars based IheIr work on Ihe scIence oI
bIography on IhIs book. LaIer schoIars made summarIes oI IhIs book and summarIes oI summarIes oI
Ihe book.
HIs broIher saId: "I have noI seen In my enIIre IIIe someone who cares abouI hIs IIme more Ihan my
broIher. He wIII noI wasIe a sIngIe second oI hIs IIIe. He wIII pray Iajr and Ihen Ieach Quran or hadeeIh
and Ihen he wIII go home and daIIy pray 300 rak'ahs. He wouId pray dhuhr and Ihen sIeep and Ihen pray
asr and Ihen he wouId work on hIs book or revIew ahadeeIh he had memorIzed unIII maghrIb. MosI oI
Ihe IIme he wouId be IasIIng and Ihen break hIs IasI. II he dId noI IasI, he wouId go Io Ihe masjId unIII
Isha and pray and Ihen come home. He wouId sIay aI home unIII 1,2 oI Ihe nIghI when he wouId Ihen
sIand up by hImseII. He wouId make wudu and Ihen pray Ihe nIghI unIII Iajr."
Nasr Ibn RIdhwan saId: I have seen schoIars, buI someone IIke IhIs man I have never seen. AII oI hIs IIIe
Is IearnIng knowIedge and Ihen IeachIng II.
Muhammad Ibn SaIamah saId: "He was my guesI and sIayed In my home. He wouId noI sIeep In Ihe
nIghI. I heard hIm prayIng and cryIng so many nIghIs. He couId noI conIroI hIs Iears very weII, and
when he gave a speech, he moved hearIs very quIckIy and made peopIe cry. He aIways made a Iong du'aa
aI Ihe end oI hIs speech, and we have wIInessed Ihe peopIe cryIng when he makes du'aa aI Ihe end oI hIs
cIass."
He wouId aIways hIde hIs sadaqah. AIIer hIs deaIh, we reaIIzed IhaI he wouId go In Ihe nIghI knockIng
on Ihe doors In LgypI deIIverIng wheaI Io Ihe doors and Ihen Ieave. We saw on hIs back Ihe mark oI Ihe
robes IhaI he used Io wear carryIng IhIs Iood. AIso, Ihe poor peopIe compIaIned IhaI Ihe Iood Ihey
wouId receIve daIIy sIopped rIghI aIIer hIs deaIh.
HIs cousIn saId: "WhaIever Is In hIs hand, he wIII noI hesIIaIe Io pass II Io oIhers."
He used Io say: Oh AIIah, bIess me Io be abIe Io pray IIke Imam Ahmad.
DurIng Ihe dry season, Iood became expensIve In LgypI, and he made hIs IamIIy eaI dInner every Ihree
days and Ied Ihe neIghbors on Ihe oIher nIghIs.
Once he was gIven aprIcoIs, and he saw IhaI hIs chIIdren and hIs wIIe were so happy eaIIng II. He IoId
Ihem: Remember whaI AIIah saId, donaIe Irom Ihe IhIng IhaI you Iove Ihe mosI, so IeI us share IhIs wIIh
our neIghbors.

In IsIahan, he was hosIed In someone's house, and he saId IhaI Ihe man hosIed hIm and a person who
worshIpped Ihe sun. He saId IhaI he IoId hImseII: He Is hosIIng me wIIh IhIs man7 In Ihe nIghI he
sIarIed prayIng, and Ihen hIs hosI IoId hIm IhaI Ihe man who aIso sIayed converIed Io IsIam because oI
Ihe way he saw hIm prayIng.
He wouId preIer Io pray more rak'ahs Ihan Iong rak'ahs.
He aIways IIked Io renew hIs wudu.
PeopIe wouId respecI hIm when Ihey wouId see hIm.

Dcui

He was burIed In a pIace In LgypI where he wouId go and cry unIII Ihe ground was weI.

npoiiuri juei iui upcd i ijc.

He IIved In Ihe IIme oI Ihe IIghI beIween Ihe madhahIb.
He moved Io dIIIerenI counIrIes, whIch conIrIbuIed Io hIs weaIIh oI knowIedge and experIence and
aIIowed hIm Io see dIIIerenI cuIIures.
He descended Irom a knowIedgeabIe IamIIy.
In IsIahaan, he was guIded Iowards sIudyIng hadeeIh and noI jusI IIqh.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

He dId noI ImIIaIe whaI was exIsIIng durIng hIs IIme. He sIarIed IhInkIng ouIsIde oI Ihe box and IookIng
Ior Ihe sunnah oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). The naIure oI peopIe durIng IhaI IIme was
IhaI Ihey dId noI pay aIIenIIon Io deIaIIs. TheIr own shuyookh wouId IeII Ihem Io Iook Ior Ihe sunnah
and IoIIow II, buI Ihey wouId IoIIow sIrIcIIy IheIr madhahIb.
He was a good speaker and couId move Ihe hearIs oI peopIe
CreaI worshIpper.
Managed hIs IIme very careIuIIy.
He aIways renewed hIs wudu.
He dId noI use wIsdom In deaIIng wIIh peopIe who dIsagreed wIIh hIm. II may be more wIse II he dId noI
IaIk In pubIIc crIIIcIzIng Abu Nu'aym's book because he was mIsIaken In mInor IhIngs. WhaI he dId
caused hIm Io Ieave IsIahaan and Ior peopIe noI Io sIudy under hIm. II may noI have been Ihe mosI wIse
Io go Io Ihe governor In Damascus aIIer hIs reIaIIves IoId hIm IhaI II was a seIup. HIs anger In severaI
IncIdenIs In hIs IIIe puI hIm InIo IroubIe. II he had more conIroI over hIs anger and reacIIons, he may
have avoIded severaI sIIuaIIons.
He cared a IoI abouI hIs IamIIy. He IraveIed wIIh hIs cousIn. He senI hIs chIIdren Io Iearn.

IncIdenI: He saId IhaI when he was In house arresI In LgypI, a woman IIved by herseII nearby, and he used
Io hear her prayIng In Ihe nIghI wIIh a du'aa he Ioved so much, and when he prayed wIIh IhIs same du'aa,
AIIah reIeased hIm Irom house arresI. He never IoId us whaI IhIs du'aa Is because we do noI Iake II as a
sunnah Io pracIIce II.

t
vo n ? 1c >uqk oj ic |ujuiiccr vo n ? 1c >uqk oj ic |ujuiiccr vo n ? 1c >uqk oj ic |ujuiiccr vo n ? 1c >uqk oj ic |ujuiiccr

unc

Muhammad Ibn Ahmad AI QurIubI

urqu

Abu AbduIIah

|iii

Born In Ihe begInnIng oI Ihe 7Ih cenIury (beIween 600 610 AH, 1203 CL 1213 CL) In AIAndaIus

Dcui

671 AH (1272 CL) In AIMInyaa, In souIhern LgypI

Cuiq ijc

He grew up In a sImpIe home. HIs IaIher was a Iarmer who was kIIIed by Ihe Crusaders In Ramadan oI 627
AH In IronI oI hIs eyes. DId hIs IaIher dIe as a shaheed7 He was conIused as Io whaI Io do wIIh hIs IaIher.
He IaIked Io severaI shuyookh and receIved dIIIerenI IaIwas. In Ihe end, he decIded Io wash hIs IaIher and
pray janazah on hIm and bury hIm. LaIer, he saId IhaI he IoIIowed Ihe wrong concIusIon by doIng IhIs.

DurIng hIs youIh, he used Io IransIer sand Io makers oI ceramIc poIIery.

He began IearnIng under Ihe schoIars oI hIs IIme In Cordova unIII he IIed Irom II aI abouI 2S years oI age
when Cordova IeII aI Ihe hands oI Ihe Crusaders (633 AH, 1236 CL).

He mIgraIed Io LgypI and meI many schoIars on hIs way, especIaIIy In such cIIIes as AIexandrIa, AIIayyoom,
and AIMansoorah; he IInaIIy seIIIed In AIMInyaa In souIhern LgypI where hIs Shaykh Ibn AI|ammeezee
IIved and dIed (649 AH, 12S1 CL). When he was In LgypI, Ihe MongoIIans were marchIng Iowards LgypI, and
Ihe Iamous BaIIIe oI AIn |aaIooI Iook pIace on IrIday, Ihe 2SIh oI Ramadan, 648 AH (IrIday, SepIember 23,
1260 CL). The MusIIms emerged vIcIorIous Irom IhIs baIIIe.

(MosI oI Ihe schoIars IIed AI AndaIus Io LgypI. MosI oI ahI as sunnah schoIars wenI Io LgypI because In
norIh AIrIca, Ihe ShI'a had sIrong InIIuence. Ibn MaaIIk, Ihe Iamous schoIar In ArabIc grammar, and Ash
ShaIrI are exampIes oI schoIars who wenI Io LgypI.)

He was marrIed and had Iwo chIIdren, AbduIIah and Ahmad, who boIh were sIudenIs oI knowIedge.


He used Io be very sImpIe In Ihe way he dressed. He used Io wear a smaII haI (kuII).

He was InIeIIIgenI and had a very sharp memory. He was aIso an exceIIenI wrIIer. He was very good wIIh
Ihe Quran.



1. He wIInessed Ihe IaII oI AndaIus IIrsIhand and IosI hIs homeIand. ThIs caused Ihe IoIIowIng:
He heId somewhaI oI an exIreme posIIIon regardIng Ihe ruIers oI hIs IIme. (They IoughI one
anoIher, dId noI Iake care oI Ihe army, and were InIeresIed In weaIIh.)
He conIempIaIed Ihe reasons behInd Ihe weakness oI Ihe MusIIms and Ihe means by whIch Ihey
can regaIn IheIr power.
He became a hIsIorIan. When he IraveIed, he documenIed Ihe evenIs IhaI occurred. He wroIe
abouI hIs IraveIIng Irom AI AndaIus Io LgypI and descrIbed Ihe IIIesIyIe oI Ihe LgypIIans, sayIng:
When he came Io LgypI, he was surprIsed IhaI peopIe were noI as cIean as Ihe peopIe In AI
AndaIus. He noIIced In LgypI IhaI women do noI have modesIy and mIx wIIh men.
He had an exposure Io new cuIIures and a varIeIy oI schoIars.

2. He grew up In AIAndaIus, and IhIs gave hIm Ihe IoIIowIng advanIages:
a. He IearnI under Ihe numerous schoIars oI AndaIusIa.
Around Cordova, Ihere were 3,000 vIIIages and each vIIIage had IIs own judge and muIII. ThIs
Imam saId: "In Ihe easI sIde oI Cordova, we had 170 IemaIe Ieachers. AII oI Ihem are capabIe
oI wrIIIng Ihe mushaI In beauIIIuI KuII scrIpI."
b. He had access Io Ihe bIggesI pubIIc IIbrarIes oI Ihe worId.
There were more Ihan 200,000 books oI knowIedge In Ihe pubIIc IIbrary oI Cordova.
c. He had access Io numerous schooIs.
There were more Ihan 27 schooIs In Cordova.
In Cordova, onIy Ihe rIch sIudenIs paId IuIIIon. AII oI Ihe poor chIIdren were IaughI Ior Iree.
In Ihe enIIre counIry oI AIAndaIus, Ihere was noI a sIngIe IIIIIeraIe person. In conIrasI, Ihe
arIsIocracy In Lurope couId noI read or wrIIe.
d. He adopIed Ihe unIque cuIIure oI AndaIusIa.
e. He mIgraIed Io LgypI, whIch aIIowed hIm Io combIne knowIedge wIIh Ihe cuIIure oI Ihe easI and Ihe
wesI.
I. He had good IrIends such as Ihe greaI MaaIIkI schoIar AIQaraaIee.

ThIs schoIar never had sIudenIs. II may have been because he IIved In an IsoIaIed area and hIs sIudenIs may
have been kIIIed In AI AndaIus.

>iuiu

1. AdhDhahabee descrIbed hIm as an Imam and an ocean oI knowIedge who had auIhored very beneIIcIaI
books whIch exhIbIIed hIs broad knowIedge and greaI wIsdom.

2. Ibn Iarhoon saId: "He was one oI AIIah's rIghIeous servanIs, an asceIIc schoIar, and a person devoIed Io
Ihe HereaIIer."

>pceiu Ouuiiic
1. He promoIed Ihe aqeedah oI Ihe earIy MusIIm generaIIons and reIuIed Ihe InnovaIIons and devIanI secIs
oI hIs IIme.
Many IImes In hIs books, he reIuIes Ihe SuIIs. Ior exampIe: InnovaIIons In adhkaar. He saId II
sIIIy IhaI In our IIme peopIe worshIp AIIah by pIayIng drums and jumpIng.
SouIhern LgypI used Io be domInaIed by Ihe ShI'a. He wroIe many books agaInsI Ihe ShI'a In hIs
books oI IaIseer and hadeeIh.

2. He possessed broad knowIedge whIch he acquIred Irom a wIde varIeIy oI schoIars IhaI he meI durIng hIs
IIIeIIme and Irom Ihe numerous books he had access Io.
Ibn AbI Hajjah, a schoIar who was capIured by Ihe Romans, was one oI Ihe greaI schoIars In
AndaIus.
Rab'ee AI AsharI
8

3. HIs knowIedge was based on a soIId IoundaIIon, unIque Io hIs IIme:
He combIned aII Ihe opInIons reIaIed Io an Issue In order Io Issue Ihe rIghI ruIIng.
He was IrusIworIhy In quoIIng oIhers.
He had a sIrong undersIandIng oI IIqh accordIng Io Ihe madhab oI Imam MaaIIk, and he was
consIdered as an Imam oI IhaI madhab. He never IoIIowed IhIs madhab bIIndIy and wouId aIways
be very jusI.
He aIways supporIed Ihe evIdence, even II II wenI agaInsI Ihe opInIon oI hIs own madhab. Ior
InsIance, Imam MaaIIk has a Iamous opInIon IhaI II you eaI or drInk whIIe IasIIng In Ramadan
and are noI aware, Ihen you break your IasI and have Io make II up. When IhIs Imam
commenIed, he saId Imam MaaIIk saId IhIs, buI PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) saId IhaI II
someone eaIs or drInks and Is noI aware, Ihen AIIah IorgIves hIm. Imam MaaIIk encourages us Io
IoIIow hadeeIh, and we Ieave hIs opInIon and IoIIow Ihe PropheI's (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam)
hadeeIh.

4. HIs knowIedge was noI IImIIed Io one IIeId:
He was a schoIar oI IaIseer, hadeeIh, IIqh, usooI, aqeedah, and an Imam In Quran recIIaIIons.
He was a greaI preacher, wrIIer and hIsIorIan.
He wroIe abouI medIcIne, geography, agrIcuIIure, socIoIogy, and scIence.

S. He was very jusI and aIways sIood up Ior Ihe IruIh, even II II was noI In hIs own Iavor. He was
excepIIonaIIy IacIIuI and genIIe In hIs words.

6. He was InIeresIed In Ihe currenI aIIaIrs oI hIs IIme and Ihrough hIs advIce and wrIIIng, he conIrIbuIed Io
Ihe soIuIIons oI many probIems.
He wroIe abouI how peopIe dIvorce IheIr wIves because oI IorIune IeIIers.
He IaIked abouI enIerIng Ihe sauna and how peopIe wouId enIer aIIer each oIher and IaIk wIIh
each oIher and be naked In Ihe sauna. He saId IhaI Ihey shouId cover IheIr 'awrah.

7. He was an avId worshIpper and asceIIc, and he sIayed away Irom Iame.

8. He wroIe exIensIveIy In a broad specIrum oI IIeIds. HIs mosI Iamous pIeces oI wrIIIngs were hIs book oI
IaIseer, "AITadhIkIrah Iee AhwaaI AIMawIaa waIAakhIrah," and hIs expIanaIIon oI "MuwaIaa' oI AI
Imam MaaIIk."

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

He was IraveIIng wIIh hIs IrIend AIQaraaIee Io AIIayyoom. They were IookIng Ior a pIace Io sIay, and Ihey
were InIormed oI an empIy pIace. A IocaI person warned Ihem IhaI Ihe pIace was InhabIIed by a |Inn. AI
QaraaIee saId Io Ignore IhIs nonsense. AIQaraaIee ordered hIs servanI Io seI up IheIr beds whIIe he wenI Io
Iown wIIh hIm. When Ihey came back, Ihey seIIIed In Ihe pIace, buI aII oI a sudden, Ihey sIarIed hearIng
sIrange voIces IhaI kepI geIIIng Iouder. AIQaraaIee Iurned paIe and was very scared. The door opened
sIIghIIy, and Ihey suddenIy saw a bIIIy goaI's head whIch was "baaIng" wIIdIy. HearIng IhIs, AIQaraaIee
became even more IerrIIIed. Our schoIar rushed Io Ihe bIIIy goaI and heId hIs horns and sIarIed sayIng
"BIsmIIIah, A'ooIhu bIIIah," readIng Ihe verse:

% F& $ & !# 39 i 5h F=f i $Y#m W=m % !# & 39 ( & ? !# I?

"Say (O Muhammad (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam)), 'Has AIIah permIIIed you (Io
do so), or do you InvenI a IIe agaInsI AIIah7'" |Yunus:S9]
,
and bIew on Ihe goaI. SuddenIy, Ihe servanI came In and saId: "MasIer, whaI are you doIng7 Leave Ihe poor
goaI. I jusI purchased II whIIe you were In Iown so IhaI we can sIaughIer II Io eaI. AIQaraIee was very
reIIeved and saId: "Oh, my broIher. You shouId have IoId us. I aImosI IosI my mInd."

SomeIImes he wouId go Io a pIace and Iake a nap Ihere. One day, he was bIIIen by a scorpIon, and he
reaIIzed IhaI every IIme when he wenI Ihere beIore he wouId say Ihe du'aa (a'oodhu bI kaIImaaIIIIahI aI
IammaII khaIaq) and aIIer IhaI IncIdenI, I wouId never mIss makIng IhaI du'aa.

HIs Iamous book: TaIseer AI QurIubI

Dcui

On Sunday nIghI, Ihe 9Ih oI ShawwaI 671 AH (IrIday, AprII 28, 1273 CL), In Ihe cIIy oI AIMInyaa, IhIs greaI
schoIar passed away and was burIed In a pIace known as Ihe Land oI Ihe SuIIan. UnIorIunaIeIy, In 1971 CL,
a shrIne was made Ior hIm InsIde a Iarge masjId Ihere.

Giji jion ii Gicui nun

LaIIng smaIIer Iood proporIIon has many beneIIIs; among Ihe beneIIIs Is IhaI a person wIII have a heaIIhIer
body, beIIer memory, and quIcker undersIandIng. The person wIII sIeep Iess and be In a beIIer mood. On
Ihe conIrary, when a person eaIs Ioo much, Ihe person wIII have a IuII sIomach, and Ihey may Increase In
weIghI. OvereaIIng can aIso cause many dIIIerenI dIseases so Ihe person wIII need Io consume more
medIcaIIon Ihan Ihe person who eaIs Iess. DocIors say IhaI Ihe besI medIcIne Is Io moderaIe your Iood. The
PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) expIaIned IhIs meanIng In a beIIer way when he saId, "A person wIII noI
IIII up someIhIng worse Ior hIm Ihan hIs sIomach. II shouId be enough Ior a person Io eaI a Iew bIIes wIIh
whIch Io keep hIs sIrengIh. BuI II he needs Io eaI more, Ihen he shouId keep one IhIrd Ior hIs Iood, one
IhIrd Ior hIs drInk, and one IhIrd empIy Ior breaIhIng." |AITIrmIdhee]

cor jion ic ijc oj ic Gicui nun

He has so many skIIIs In knowIedge, whIch made hIm a specIaI person. Today, II Is very ImporIanI as a
sIudenI oI knowIedge IhaI you Iry Io have as many skIIIs as you can. II Is a good quaIIIy IhaI Is needed.
He was abIe Io see socIeIaI probIems and provIde soIuIIons Ior Ihem. Many sIudenIs oI knowIedge when
Ihey seek knowIedge are noI IryIng Io soIve socIaI probIems.
Women had hIgh sIaIus In AI AndaIus. We shouId be more moIIvaIed Io have more Ieachers and schooIs
and quaIIIIed women In socIeIy.
Make Ihe booksIores and Ihe IIbrarIes In Ihe masajId more InIeracIIve.
He was IrIends wIIh many schoIars. He was IrIends wIIh AIQaraaIee. ThIs IrIendshIp deveIoped
someIhIng greaI. Make sure IhaI your IrIends wIII heIp you Io be a beIIer person and do someIhIng
beneIIcIaI.
When he descrIbes Ihe probIems In LgypI and AI AndaIus, he Is doIng so Io provIde soIuIIons Io Ihe
probIems.

1iuruiior. ' iukc icjuc ir u' pcijcei woid
jion ic cvi tc u eicuicd.'
to
nud ibr i br tujui. nud ibr i br tujui. nud ibr i br tujui. nud ibr i br tujui. - -- -tuujid tuujid tuujid tuujid

unc

Ahmad Ibn AII Ibn Hajar AIKeenaanee, AIAsqaIanI, AIMIsree, AshShaaII'ee, AbuIadI, ShIhaab AdDeen

|iii

22nd oI Sha'baan 773 AH (Iebruary 28Ih, 1372 CL) on Ihe bank oI Ihe RIver NIIe In Ihe LgypIIan counIrysIde.

He Is orIgInaIIy Irom PaIesIIne In AsqaIan. HIs IamIIy moved Irom PaIesIIne Io LgypI. LgypI durIng IhaI IIme
was IIke Ihe qIbIah. CaIro became Ihe mosI ImporIanI cIIy In IhaI IIme and Ihe cenIer oI Ihe MusIIm worId
because many schoIars came Irom ouIsIde and Baghdad had IaIIen aparI InIo Ihe hands oI Ihe TaIar. When
Baghdad IeII, Ihe schoIars shIIIed Io LgypI. Lven Ihe AbbasId khaIIIah moved Io LgypI under Ihe proIecIIon
oI hIs governor.

urqu

AbuI IadI

Dcui

28Ih oI DhuIHIjjah 8S2 AH (Iebruary 22, 1449 CL), havIng IIved aImosI 80 years.

The MamIuks who ruIed LgypI orIgInaIIy came Irom CeorgIa.

Cuiq ijc

1. He came Irom a nobIe IamIIy, known Ior knowIedge:
a. HIs IaIher Nooruddeen AII (720 AH 777 AH, 1320 CL 137S CL) was a schoIar. He dIed when Ibn
Hajar was 4 years oId. Ibn Hajar was raIsed as an orphan. HIs IaIher was a rIghIeous person and
eIoquenI poeI.
b. HIs moIher, NIjaar bInI AIIakhr Abu Bakr AzZIIIaawee, was an exIremeIy rIch woman. On her way
Io Makkah In 770 AH (1368 CL), she deIIvered her IIrsI chIId Irom Nooruddeen, a daughIer named
SIII ArRakb (Lady oI Ihe Caravan). In 773 AH (1371 CL), she gave bIrIh Io AIHaaIIdh Ibn Hajar, buI
soon aIIerwards dIed. SIII ArRakb dIed when Ibn Hajar was 2S years oId. Ibn Hajar descrIbed her as
an exIremeIy smarI woman who couId read and wrIIe weII, and he descrIbed her as hIs moIher aIIer
hIs moIher because she Iook care oI hIm. She had Iwo chIIdren, one boy who dIed durIng her IIme
and a daughIer who IIved buI IosI her sanIIy. Ibn Hajar saId IhaI hIs nIece IIved In Makkah, and Ihey
prayed Ior her a IoI, buI when Ihe saIah IIme came, she puI on her hIjab and made her saIah
perIecIIy. He had a broIher Irom hIs moIher's sIde named AbdurRahman, who dIed aI an earIy age.
He aIso had a broIher Irom hIs IaIher's sIde, who dIed young as weII.
c. HIs IaIher wroIe In hIs wIII IhaI Muhammad Abu Bakr wIII raIse Ihe chIIdren. When hIs parenIs dIed,
he became very weaIIhy. HIs IaIher was smarI and asked Ihe head oI aII oI Ihe busInessman In Iown
Io raIse hIs son. ThIs man was rIch buI aIso rIghIeous, and he Iook Ihe responsIbIIIIy and Iook care
oI Ibn Hajar very weII. He Iook Ibn Hajar Io Makkah and IeII hIm Ihere Io Iearn knowIedge. He
memorIzed Ihe enIIre Quran when he was 9. When he was 12, he Ied Ihe Iaraweeh In Makkah. He
Iearned under Ihe greaI shuyookh oI Ihe MusIIm worId In hadeeIh and IIqh and oIher IIeIds. He
came back Io LgypI aIIer IhaI. The person IakIng care oI hIm dIed a Iew years aIIer he came back Io
LgypI. He Ihen became very busy wIIh Ihe busIness hIs moIher IeII behInd, and Ior Ihree years, he
dId noI sIudy. HIs reIaIIonshIp wIIh knowIedge became weaker, and he became InIeresIed In poeIry
and hIsIory and IearnIng abouI dIIIerenI cuIIures durIng Ihese Ihree years. He became a successIuI
ti
poeI. When he was 23, he meI Ihe mosI knowIedgeabIe shaykh he had meI In hIs IIIe, ZaIn AdDeen
AIIraqI.
d. HIs uncIe Iakhr AdDeen, aIso known as Ibn Hajar, was Ihe mosI promInenI among Ihe ShaaII'ee
MuIIIs In AIexandrIa.
e. HIs grandmoIher was a hadeeIh schoIar.

2. He was raIsed as an orphan In CaIro, LgypI. A rIch merchanI by Ihe name oI Abu Bakr AIKharroobee
Iook cusIody oI Ibn Hajar. DurIng IhIs IIme, he memorIzed Ihe Quran and was encouraged Io sIudy
IsIamIc knowIedge. In 787 AH (138S CL), AIKharroobee dIed and Ior 3 years Ibn Hajar spenI mosI oI hIs
IIme IookIng aIIer hIs parenIs' busInesses. He began readIng poeIry, IIIeraIure, and hIsIory aI IhIs IIme.
In 790 AH (1388 CL), Shams AdDeen Ibn AIQaIIaan encouraged hIm Io go back Io sIudyIng Ihe SharI'ah,
so he began Io sIudy SharI'ah In more depIh.

3. When he was 23 years oId, he meI hIs mosI knowIedgeabIe Ieacher, ZaIn AdDeen AIIraqI, and he
accompanIed hIm Ior 10 years.

4. When he was 2S years oId, he marrIed hIs wIIe Uns, daughIer oI Ihe judge Kareem AdDeen. He gave her
severaI IjaazaaI In Ihe books oI HadeeIh, and she used Io accompany hIm Io Ihe shuyookh and schoIars
so she couId hear Ihe hadeeIh Irom Ihem dIrecIIy. They IraveIed IogeIher Io Hajj In 81S AH (1412 CL).
She became a known muhaddIIhah. They had IIve daughIers, ZaIn KhaIoon, Iarhah, ChaaIIyah, RaabI'ah
and IaIImah.
a. They sIarIed IearnIng IogeIher Ihe hadeeIh oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam). He senI hIs
wIIe wIIh IheIr son Io Makkah, she sIarIed IearnIng under anoIher muhaddIIh unIII she became a
shaykha. SIudenIs wouId come Io Iearn Irom hIs wIIe. He supporIed her and aIIowed her Io IraveI Io
Iearn.

S. In 804 AH (1401 CL), he marrIed Ihe wIdow oI Abu Bakr AIAmshaaIee In LgypI. She gave bIrIh Io hIs
daughIer, AmInah. Ibn Hajar dId noI IIke AmInah, and she was very sIck. He IaIer dIvorced IhIs wIIe.

6. In 836 AH (1432 CL), he marrIed LayIa AIHaIabIyyah. She was a wIdow wIIh Iwo aduII chIIdren. They
had no chIIdren IogeIher. He dIvorced her wIIhouI IeIIIng her and kepI II secreI unIII aIIer Ihe Iddah was
IInIshed. He IaIer wenI Io Makkah and regreIIed whaI he dId. He used Io say IhaI hIs nIghIs became aII
abouI LayIa. He senI her a IeIIer apoIogIzIng Ior whaI he dId and askIng her Io marry hIm agaIn. She
marrIed hIm agaIn, and aIIer IIve years, he dIvorced her agaIn. AIIer a Iew monIhs he marrIed her agaIn.

7. He had a sIave gIrI named Khaas AITurk, Irom whom he had hIs onIy son, Muhammad Badr AdDeen,
born In 81S AH (1412 CL). HIs son never became a schoIar, and aIIer Ibn Hajar's deaIh wasIed a IoI oI
hIs money.

8. Ibn Hajar was weaIIhy and never needed Ihe IInancIaI supporI oI oIhers. He used Io heIp oIhers. He was
appoInIed Io severaI hIgh governmenI posIIIons, such as ChIeI |udge oI Ihe ShaaIIyyah.

OnIy one oI hIs grandsons (one oI Ihe sons oI hIs daughIer) became a schoIar and Iamous.

'|q iici, >iiiuiJukb wu nq noici ujici nq noici, ujici nq juici' dcui.'
- br tujui
t2

He was oI medIum heIghI, buI on Ihe shorIer sIde, wIIh broad shouIders. He was IhIn, buI muscuIar and
IaIrcoIored wIIh a shInIng Iace. He had a bIg whIIe beard wIIh a very IIghI mousIache. He had a smaII
mouIh wIIh a IuII seI oI pearIy whIIe IeeIh. He had exceIIenI hearIng and vIsIon. He had a deep voIce,
eIoquenI speech, and marked InIeIIIgence. He had a very casuaI waIk, even In Ihe presence oI Ihe kIngs. He
was exIremeIy IasI In perIormIng hIs wudu. He dressed sImpIy buI wIIh good IasIe, and hIs dress was shorI
wIIh a Iurban. He had sImpIe IurnIIure and househoId IIems. He was oIIen sIIenI and shy, buI he had a
good sense oI humor. He was very paIIenI and had a smIIIng Iace. He was very personaI wIIh hIs sIudenIs
and IrIends. He dId noI eaI much, buI Ioved Io eaI sugar and sugar cane.


1. He IIved In Ihe IIme oI Ihe MamIook SIaIe, In whIch Ihere was no poIIIIcaI sIabIIIIy. However, Ihere was a
IoI oI weaIIh and Iuxury durIng IheIr IIme, and Ihere was a socIaI casI sysIem. They paId aIIenIIon Io
knowIedge and schooIIng and buIIdIng and IraInIng mIIIIary. TheIr Iocus was on rIdIng LgypI oI aII Ihe
InIIuences oI Ihe prevIous Ubaydee SIaIe.

The MamIukIs sIarIed Io IIghI Ihe InnovaIIons (ShI'Ism). They saId IhaI Ihe onIy one aIIowed Io speak In Ihe
masajId are someone Irom Ihe Iour madhahIb. As a resuII, Ihese Iour madhahIb became sIronger because
Ihey were Ihe onIy represenIaIIves oI Ihe sunnah.

The Ubaydees spread a IoI oI mawIIds, hoIIdays, graves, and shrInes. MamIukIs dId noI supporI IhIs, buI
Ihese pracIIces became rooIed In socIeIy and no Ionger reIIgIous ceremonIes buI cuIIure. Ibn Hajar had Io
deaI wIIh IhIs durIng hIs IIme.

There were Ihousands oI masajId In LgypI because each madhab had IIs own masajId, IeadIng Io Ihe
spreadIng oI Ihe masajId and many khaIeebs and muIIIs.

2. The IaII oI Ihe Abbassee KhIIaaIah aI Ihe hands oI Ihe TaIIaar and Ihe desIrucIIon oI Baghdad made
CaIro Ihe new cenIer oI knowIedge In Ihe MusIIm WorId.

The schoIars had seen Ihe enIIre IIbrary oI Baghdad desIroyed and schoIars kIIIed. AIIer IhIs IIme, Ihe
uIema were InIeresIed In preservIng Ihe 'IIm II IhIs was Io happen agaIn. ThereIore, every shaykh had so
many books and sIudenIs. The schoIars wouId wrIIe books and dIsIrIbuIe Ihem. Ior exampIe, AI ChazaII
had 739 shaykhs and gave Ijazah Io over 3,000 sIudenIs. AIMIzI had over 1,000 shaykhs.

3. He shared a companIonshIp wIIh Shaykh ZaIn AdDeen AIIraqI. He sIudIed under hIm Ior a Iong IIme.

4. He sIudIed under Ihe Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Yahyaa AIWahdIyyah.

Shaykh Muhammad shIIIed Ibn Hajar Irom beIng a ShaaII'ee IaqIh Io become a muhaddIIh. He IoId hIm: "I
see you sIudy Ihe books oI IIqh. Why don'I you sIudy Ihe books oI hadeeIh as weII7"

S. He possessed weaIIh, whIch made hIm:
IndependenI, noI In need oI anyone's supporI, noI even Ihe governmenI. He can say hIs opInIon
IreeIy.
DIgnIIIed. He was a very nobIe person, whIch can be seen In hIs aIIIIude. Whenever he IeII IhaI
someone was IryIng Io humIIIaIe hIm, he wouId noI IoIeraIe II and accepI II. HIs dIgnIIy aIso means
IhaI he wIII noI necessarIIy seek revenge Ior hImseII.
Cenerous. He was seen once gIvIng a beggar Iwo hundred pIeces oI sIIver aI one IIme. He IeI hIs
wIves IIve IuxurIousIy wIIh many servanIs. He wouId spend one hundred pIeces oI goId as a gIII Io
hIs neIghbors Ior LId AIAdha.
AbIe Io purchase books oI knowIedge.
t
AbIe Io IraveI In search oI knowIedge. One day, he was IraveIIng Irom Yemen by shIp Io LgypI. A
sIorm came and caused Ihe shIp Io sInk. He had a copy oI musnad Imam Ahmad and Irom AIMIzI
and oIhers. AII oI hIs books were IosI In Ihe boIIom oI Ihe Red Sea. He saId IhaI he hung onIo a
pIece oI wood and was abIe Io swIm Io a smaII IsIand. AIIer severaI days, he Iound on IhaI IsIand
someone who wouId Iake hIm Io anoIher shIp Io LgypI. He dId noI wanI Io Ieave hIs books, so he
hIred severaI dIvers, and he wouId go wIIh Ihem on a smaII boaI Io Ihe pIace where Ihe shIp sank.
They wouId dIve Io Iook Ior hIs books. He wouId pay Ihem everyday hundreds oI pIeces oI goId.
They Iound a conIaIner IuII oI goId when Ihey were dIvIng. ThIs conIaIner was an amanah gIven Io
gIve Io someone In LgypI. The dIvers IhreaIened Io kIII Ibn Hajar because Ihey wanIed Ihe conIaIner.
Ibn Hajar IoId Ihem IhaI he wIII gIve Ihem even more money II Ihey geI hIm hIs books. They Iound
hIs books, and he spenI days dryIng Ihem, and he saId AIIah saved hIs books Ior hIm. He IoId Ihe
dIvers abouI a box IuII oI goId and jeweIry IhaI he had been carryIng on Ihe shIp because he was noI
InIeresIed In hIs weaIIh buI onIy In hIs books.

One IIme he wenI Io Ihe schooI and reaIIzed he IorgoI Ihe key aI home. He asked Ihe carpenIer Io
break Ihe door and Ihen make a new door and he wouId pay hIm Ior II so IhaI he wouId noI have Io
go back Ior Ihe key because II was a Iar dIsIance.

6. Numerous IrIaIs In hIs IIIe made hIm paIIenI:
DeaIh Iook away mosI oI hIs beIoved IamIIy.
He had no IamIIy sIabIIIIy.
HIs peers envIed hIm, and Ihey were jeaIous oI hIm. ThIs jeaIousy caused hIm much IroubIe. AI
BuIqee was jeaIous and wanIed Io be Ihe head oI Ihe ShaaII'ee schoIars In LgypI, buI he couIdn'I. One
day, AIBuIqee was In IroubIe wIIh Ihe governmenI and was abouI Io be puI In jaII, and Ibn Hajar
wenI Io Ihe governmenI and InIerceded Ior hIm sayIng IhaI he Is a good man, so he was noI puI In
jaII. Lven aIIer IhIs IncIdenI AIBuIqee IrIed Io pIoI agaInsI Ibn Hajar. The jeaIousy even wenI Io Ihe
exIenI IhaI a HanaII when he heard IhaI Ibn Hajar was wrIIIng IaIh AIBarI (Ihe IargesI expIanaIIon on
hadeeIh) aIso sIarIed Io aIso wrIIe an expIanaIIon oI BukharI supporIIng hIs madhab.
HIs reIaIIonshIp wIIh Ihe governmenI.
BeIng a judge. He regreIIed beIng a judge Ihe mosI. He saId IhaI every sIngIe pIece oI haIr on hIs
body haIed IhaI posIIIon. He saId IhaI beIng a judge made hIm so many enemIes. He became a judge
because AIBuIqee IoId hIm once: "I do noI IhInk you have been chosen Io be judge because your
knowIedge Is noI soIId enough Io make you a judge." Ibn Hajar saId: "I do noI mInd Io be a judge."
The governmenI accepIed hIs sIaIemenI and made hIm a judge.

>iuiu

1. AIQaayaaIee saId IhaI aII Ihe nobIe IraIIs IhaI exIsI In varIous peopIe have been gaIhered In Ibn Hajar.
2. AIIraaqee caIIed Ibn Hajar as "Ihe shaykh, Ihe schoIar, Ihe Imam, Ihe MuhaddIIh, Ihe perIecI, Ihe HaIIdh,
Ihe compIeIe, Ihe nobIe."
3. AshShawkaanee saId IhaI by consensus Ioday, when we say Ihe IIIIe "AIHaaIIdh," everyone knows II
reIers Io Ibn Hajar.
4. HIs sIudenI AIBaqa'ee saId: "Lvery year I see hIm become more humbIe Ihan Ihe year beIore, and every
year I see hIm conIrIbuIe Io socIeIy more and more."

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. He was a reservoIr oI IsIamIc knowIedge:
a. He possessed exIensIve knowIedge oI Ihe Sunnah and HadeeIh, Ihrough memorIzaIIon, coIIecIIon,
and auIhenIIcaIIon. He auIhored more Ihan 170 books on hadeeIh.
b. He had varIous sources oI knowIedge Irom books and schoIars. He had 644 shaykhs, among
Ihem SS were women. In one oI hIs books, "TaghIeeq AITa'Ieeq," he used approxImaIeIy 3S0
books as reIerence. He regreIIed wrIIIng IhIs book sayIng IhaI he was very ImmaIure when he
wroIe II.
t+
c. He masIered In severaI branches oI knowIedge due Io Ihe vasI number oI Ieachers, numerous
books and reIerences, IrequenI IraveIs, and muIIIpIe posIIIons he heId.
d. He was a crIIIcaI IhInker, a mujIahId, who Ireed hImseII Irom bIInd IoIIowIng oI hIs madhab or
any schoIar.
e. He was hIs own crIIIc, and he oIIen wenI over and evaIuaIed hIs opInIons and wrIIIngs on order Io
make ImprovemenIs.
I. He was very careIuI In quoIIng oIhers and IransmIIIIng knowIedge.

He saId In Ihe Issue oI cuIIIng Ihe hand oI Ihe IhIeI, regardIng how much has Io be sIoIen Ihere are over 20
opInIons. He saId Ihere are 20 dIIIerenI opInIons on when Ihe prayer shouId be shorIened.

2. He had muIIIpIe IaIenIs:
a. He was eIoquenI In speech and poeIry.
b. He had a sharp memory. Once he was sIIIIng In Ihe masjId aIIer Iaraweeh, and Ihe shaykh was
readIng Irom a book. Ibn Hajar wenI Io hIm and IoId hIm Irom memory IhaI he Is mIssIng severaI
ahadeeIh. The man saId IhaI he dId noI IorgeI Ihem, buI he IeII shy sayIng Ihose hadeeIh In IronI
oI Ibn Hajar because he dId noI know how Io pronounce Ihe names oI some oI Ihe narraIors.
c. He was quIck, InIeIIIgenI, and cIear mInded.
d. He was a IasI reader, and he was abIe Io IuIIy comprehend IhIngs. He read Ihe enIIre Sunan An
NIsa'I In 12 or 16 hours. In Ihe Iwo monIhs he spenI In Damascus, he read over 100 voIumes oI
books.
e. He was aIso a IasI wrIIer, and hIs wrIIIng was aIways IegIbIe. He saId IhaI someIImes he wouId
wrIIe beIween dhuhr and asr whaI Ihe average person wouId wrIIe In Iwo days.
3. He had good IIme managemenI skIIIs.
4. He was deIermIned, hIghIy moIIvaIed, and energeIIc.
S. He cared abouI educaIIng hIs IamIIy. He IaughI hIs daughIers and wIves knowIedge.
6. He was very carIng abouI hIs sIudenIs and Ihe pubIIc. He aIways chose one or Iwo oI hIs sIudenIs Io
IraveI wIIh hIm, whIch wouId heIp buIId Ieaders aIIer hIm.

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

One day, a nonMusIIm saw Ibn Hajar whIIe he was Ihe ChIeI |udge. Ibn Hajar was surrounded by hIs
sIudenIs and guards. The man sIopped Ihe processIon and asked Ibn Hajar: "You narraIe IhaI your PropheI
(saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) saId, 'Ihe dunIyah Is Ihe prIson oI Ihe beIIever, and Ihe paradIse oI Ihe non
beIIevers.' In your vIew, I am a nonbeIIever, so Ihen how am I IIvIng In poverIy whIIe you are so rIch7"

Ibn Hajar repIIed: "WhaI we are In Is IIke a prIson as compared Io whaI awaIIs us, and whaI you are In Is IIke
a paradIse when compared Io whaI awaIIs you II you do noI repenI Io AIIah."

Dcui

In 8S2 AH (1448 CL), In Ihe monIh oI DhuIQI'dah, Ibn Hajar began suIIerIng a sIomach aIImenI. He dId noI
IeII anyone, buI hIs sIckness became so severe IhaI he became very weak and uncomIorIabIe. SeveraI
docIors prescrIbed dIIIerenI medIcaIIons Ior hIm. HIs heaIIh Improved Ior a shorI perIod oI IIme, buI Ihe
aIImenI reIurned more severeIy In Ihe monIh oI DhuIHIjjah, Io Ihe exIenI IhaI he couId noI even aIIend Ihe
LId prayer. He bareIy made II Io |um'ah. He prayed whIIe sIIIIng and couId no Ionger pray hIs nIghI prayers.
He wouId occasIonaIIy IaII unconscIous. On IrIday nIghI, Iwo hours aIIer Isha prayer, hIs grandson and
some oI hIs sIudenIs were surroundIng hIm and readIng Surah Yaseen. When Ihey reached Ihe verse:

= Z% i 5b> 5m

"SaIamun (peace be upon you) a word Irom Ihe Lord (AIIah), MosI MercIIuI." |Yaseen:S8]
t

he passed away. Lveryone was saddened by hIs deaIh and many peopIe crIed over hIm. HIs IuneraI was
wIInessed by everyone In CaIro. Lven Ihe ChrIsIIans and |ews parIIcIpaIed In hIs IuneraI. HIs caskeI was
carrIed by Ihe KIng oI LgypI, Ihe prInces and judge. He was burIed In CaIro cIose Io Ihe grave oI AILayIh Ibn
Sa'd and AIImam AshShaaII'ee. When Ihe news reached Ihe MusIIm worId, Ihey prayed on hIm In Makkah,
|erusaIem, AIKhaIeeI, Damascus, and AIeppo.

vu br tujui 'uicc?

Many peopIe Iry Io promoIe hIm as an Ash'aree schoIar. He was noI an Ash'aree. Asha'Irah Is a
phIIosophIcaI madhab, and Ibn Hajar has noIhIng Io do wIIh phIIosophIcaI argumenIs. He was among ahI aI
hadeeIh. He may have had some phIIosophIcaI poInIs. He saId: "The rIghI , Iucky one Is Ihe one who wIII
IoIIow Ihe IooIsIeps oI Ihe earIy MusIIm generaIIons and wIII avoId aII bId'ah IhaI came aIIer Ihe earIy
generaIIons oI IsIam." He may quoIe Irom some Ash'aree schoIars, buI when he became oIder, he wenI
agaInsI Ihe Ash'arees In many areas such as Ihe Names and AIIrIbuIes oI AIIah. The Asha'Irah are many
dIIIerenI groups and some are cIose Io ahI assunnah. The reaI AsharI oI Ioday Is Ihe one esIabIIshed by Ar
RazI and AI|uwaynI. Ior exampIe, he wouId cIearIy say In hIs book IhaI he wouId go wIIh Ibn AbduI Barh
who cIearIy saId IhaI was agaInsI Ihe Asha'Ira over AI |uwaynI, one oI Ihe Iounders oI Ihe Asha'Irah. When
he IaIked abouI Ihe IIrsI obIIgaIIon on Ihe person, he menIIoned whaI Ihe Asha'Irah saId and saId and aII oI
Ihese opInIons are noI accepIed. When he wroIe Ihe bIography oI ArRazI, he saId: And I beIIeve by Ihe end
oI hIs IIIe, he changed and dIed accordIng Io Ihe sunnah. He saId regardIng AIIah descendIng IhaI we beIIeve
II as II was descrIbed. SomeIImes he wouId make Ia'weeI and someIImes he wouId noI. He never auIhored a
book supporIIng Ihe Asha'Irah. None oI hIs books on aqeedah supporI Ihe Asha'Irah.

Giji jion br tujuui

DIIIerIng In opInIon Is permIssIbIe, buI dIIIerIng In Ihe hearI Is IorbIdden.

cor jion ic ijc oj br tujuui

II Is noI abouI beIng rIch, II Is abouI beIng smarI.
TIme Is more vaIuabIe Ihan money.
ImporIance oI spreadIng knowIedge.
SchoIars who are IInancIaIIy IndependenI make IheIr message sIronger.
The acIIons oI schoIars are noI a Iorm oI IegIsIaIIon.
He cared abouI makIng Ieaders aIIer hIm.
He supporIed hIs IamIIy.
He cared abouI educaIIng hIs wIIe and chIIdren.
ThaI socIeIy had a greaI respecI Ior women schoIars.

eiiviiq >cci. viiic dowr icr iir iui uic ir qoui ouc wie icnird qou oj br tujui

LxampIes: The book IaIh AIBarI

tt
nud ibr bduiJuccn d nud ibr bduiJuccn d nud ibr bduiJuccn d nud ibr bduiJuccn d- -- -Duuwcc. Duuwcc. Duuwcc. Duuwcc. - -- ->u vuiqquu >u vuiqquu >u vuiqquu >u vuiqquu

unc

Ahmad Ibn AbdurRaheem Ibn WajeehIddeen, whose IIneage Iraces back Io Umar Ibn AIKhaIIab. He became
weIIknown by Ihe name oI Ihe Shah WaIIyyuIIah AdDahIawee.

1iic

QuIb AdDeen

|iii

Wednesday, ShawwaaI 4, 1114 AH (Iebruary 21, 1703 CL) In PhuIaI In MuzaIIarnagar, UIIar Pradesh, IndIa

Dcui

In DeIhI 1176 AH (1763 CL) aI 62 years oId

Cuiq ijc

1. He was born Io a IamIIy known Ior IIs knowIedge and bravery, and he grew up among schoIars. HIs
IaIher, Shah AbdurRaheem, was among Ihe IeadIng HanaII jurIsIs and a dIsIInguIshed schoIar oI IsIam In
DeIhI. He used Io memorIze mosI oI Ihe ahadeeIh Irom Ihe sIx Iamous books oI hadeeIh. He
esIabIIshed a schooI named ArRaheemIyyah and he was Ihe prIncIpaI oI II. He was honored and
supporIed by Ihe greaI kIng Aurangzeb. HIs IaIher was a bIg SuII shaykh oI hIs IIme. He avoIded Ihe
governmenI and poIIIIcs and IsoIaIed hImseII and was a rIghIeous person. AshShah WaIIyyuIIah was
raIsed by hIs IaIher.

2. He memorIzed Ihe Quran when he was 7 years oId, and he began sIudyIng IsIamIc books In ArabIc and
PersIan. He read severaI books under hIs IaIher In Ihe IoIIowIng subjecI areas: IIqh, hadeeIh, usooI,
phIIosophy, IheoIogy, SuIIsm, medIcIne, grammar, IIIeraIure, arIIhmeIIc, geomeIry, and mosIIy In Ihe
IIeId oI IaIseer. When he was 10, he IInIshed severaI books on IIqh buI had maInIy concenIraIed on Ihe
HanaII madhab. HIs IaIher Iocused a IoI on IaIseer wIIh hIm.

3. HIs IaIher marrIed hIm when he was 14 years oId. When he was 1S years oId, hIs IaIher aIIowed hIm Io
go sIudy under oIher schoIars. AI 17, hIs IaIher gave hIm bay'ah and made hIm SuII and permIIIed hIm
Io wear 'Ihe scarI,' a NaqshabandI IradIIIon. In IhaI same year, aIIer Ihe deaIh oI hIs IaIher In 1131 AH
(1718 CL), he sIarIed IeachIng In hIs IaIher's Madrassah RaheemIyyah and carrIed ouI IhIs Iask Ior 12
years. He Ihen IeII Ior ArabIa Ior hIgher sIudIes. He was a brIIIIanI schoIar; durIng IourIeen monIhs sIay
In Makkah and MadInah, he came InIo conIacI wIIh Ihe ouIsIandIng Ieachers II HIjaz. HIs IavorIIe
Ieacher was Shaykh Abu TahIr Ibn IbrahIm oI MadInah.

4. PeopIe suggesIed IhaI he remaIn In HIjaz due Io Ihe poIIIIcaI unresI In IndIa, buI he reIused and reIurned
Io DeIhI In 114S AH (1732 CL) hopIng Io brIng abouI a posIIIve change. He became Ihe head oI hIs
IaIher's schooI, ArRaheemIyyah, and broughI quaIIIIed Ieachers Io II; he devoIed mosI oI hIs IIme Io
educaIIng Ihe masses.

He IIved In norIheasI IndIa. HIs ancesIors were orIgInaIIy Irom Ihe Quraysh.

He was a very caIm person. He had a sharp memory, and he was abIe Io undersIand IhIngs quIckIy. He was
eIoquenI. He was a precocIous chIId, and he was noI InIeresIed In IdIe pIay.
t


1. HIs IaIher was hIs IIrsI Ieacher and spIrIIuaI guIde.
2. He descended Irom a greaI IamIIy Irom Quraysh.
3. When he InIeracIed wIIh sIudenIs In hIs IaIher's schooI Ior 12 years, he reaIIzed Ihe need Io broaden hIs
knowIedge oI IIqh ouIsIde oI Ihe HanaII schooI. He wouId receIve quesIIons abouI Issues he was noI
IamIIIar wIIh. He decIded when he was 30 years oId Io IraveI Io Ihe HIjaz and Makkah.
4. HIs IrIp Io HIjaaz and wIdened hIs knowIedge base. He IIved Ihere Ior one year. He sIudIed under
Muhammad AI MaghrIbI AI MaaIIkI. He was now exposed Io MaaIIkI IIqh. He read wIIh hIm AI MuwaIIa,
whIch was auIhored by Imam MaaIIk, and he receIved Ijazah In II. He aIso sIudIed wIIh Shaykh Abu
TaahIr AIKurdee, a ShaaII'ee, who was a muhaddIIh. He read wIIh hIm SahIh AI BukharI, and he read
wIIh hIm Musnad AITIrmIdhI and oIhers. HIs shaykh gave hIm a copy oI AI Adhab AI MuIrad by AI
BukharI (eIIqueIIes In deaIIng wIIh AIIah and oIhers). He saId IhaI everyIhIng he Iearned In IndIa he
IorgoI aIIer sIudyIng wIIh IhIs schoIar. He aIso meI anoIher schoIar who was Ihe grand muIII oI Makkah
and a HanaII. He aIso sIudIed under a HanbaII schoIar. WhIIe he was In HIjaaz, he sIarIed Io see dreams.
a. He wrIIIng and aII oI a sudden Ihe pen was broken. AI Hasan gave a pen Io hIm and saId IhaI he
can wrIIe wIIh II and IhaI II was InherIIed Irom Muhammad (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam).
b. He saw Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) In a dream, and Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam) IoId hIm IhaI AIIah wanIs Io brIng so much unIIy Io Ihe MusIIm unIIy Ihrough hIm.
c. These Iwo dreams made hIm enIhusIasIIc Io go back Io IndIa Io Ieach peopIe whaI he Iearned. AII
who knew hIm In Makkah and MadInah IrIed Io sIop hIm Irom reIurnIng Io IndIa. He wenI back
Io DeIhI and Ihe schooIs oI hIs IaIher and sIarIed IeachIng wIIh a dIIIerenI meIhod.
S. He sIudIed under Ihe Shaykh Abu TaahIr AIKurdee, who became hIs new spIrIIuaI guIde, and who
IransIormed hIs SuIIsm Io a SaIaIee asceIIcIsm, basIng Ihe concepI oI asceIIcIsm on Sunnah raIher Ihan
InnovaIIon.
6. He was exposed Io Ihe works oI Ibn TaymIyyah and Ibn AIQayyIm.
a. ThIs was Ihe IIrsI IIme Ior hIm Io see Ihese books. IndIa aI IhaI IIme dId noI know anyIhIng buI
HanaII books and onIy Iwo or Ihree books oI hadeeIh. Ior hIm Io be exposed Io Ihe books oI
hadeeIh In a wIde range and deep undersIandIng was someIhIng very new.
b. ReadIng Ihese books changed hIs vIews regardIng IheoIogy.
7. Dreams he saw In HIjaaz: These dreams gave hIm hope IhaI he wouId be a hIghIy InIIuenIIaI IIgure.
Once he saw Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) IeIIIng hIm IhaI II was hIs desIIny Io brIng IogeIher
IhIs bIessed ummah.
8. He wIInessed Ihe poor poIIIIcaI sIIuaIIon IhaI MusIIms In IndIa were IIvIng In. He saw how Ihe MaraIha
and |aI BharaIpur and Ihe SIkh In Punjab were kIIIIng Ihe MusIIms and burnIng IheIr vIIIages. He
wIInessed Ihe PersIan KIng Nader Shah and Ihe AIghan KIng Ahmad Shah's aIIempIs Io Iake over Ihe
MoguI LmpIre. He saw Ihe MoguI kIngs kIII one anoIher Io Iake over Ihe Ihrone. He saw how Ihe ruIers
became puppeIs In Ihe hands oI IheIr advIsors and mInIsIers. AII oI Ihese IacIors Ied hIm Io IaIk a IoI
abouI KhIIaaIah. He auIhored a book, whIch was one oI IIs kInd, caIIed 'IzaaIaIuI KhaIaa 'an KhIIaaIaIII
KhuIaIaa." II aIso Ied hIm Io IaIk abouI jIhad. He aIways beIIeved IhaI II was Ihe duIy oI Ihe ruIers Io
esIabIIsh jIhad, and he encouraged Ihem Io do so, and he never caIIed Ihe pubIIc Io rebeI.
a. Two ShI'I prInces were abIe Io manIpuIaIe Ihe kIng oI IndIa aI IhaI IIme (Hasan AII Khan and
Husayn AII Khan), and Ihey spread ShI'Ism sIrongIy whIch Is how ShI'Ism became sIrong In IndIa
and PakIsIan.
b. Ahmad Shah came In 1747 and aIIacked IndIa and reached Lahore and Ior 22 years, he consIanIIy
aIIacked Ihe counIry.
c. The LasI IndIa Company sIarIed Io Iake chIIdren Irom schooIs and use Ihem Ior chIId Iabor,
whIch made Ihem a weak and IgnoranI generaIIon and prepared Ihe counIry Io be occupIed. ThIs
Ied Ihe Shah WaIIyyuIIah Io emphasIze Ihe educaIIon oI chIIdren. |The nexI shaykh wouId pay
money Ior chIIdren Io be kepI In schooIs]
d. He saId hIs roIe was Io go back Io where he came Irom Io parIIcIpaIe In IIxIng Ihe sIIuaIIon. He
Iound peopIe IgnoranI and noI IoIIowIng sunnah and IoIs oI bId'ah. He came back Io Iry Io unIIe
Ihe MusIIms.
t8
9. He IeII a sense oI responsIbIIIIy Io brIng abouI change when he wIInessed Ihe negaIIve changes In Ihe
socIaI sIrucIure In IndIa, and Ihe weakenIng oI reIIgIous InIIuence.

>iuiu

1. AbduIHayy AIKeenaanee saId, "AIIah has broughI IIIe Io Ihe hadeeIh and sunnah Ihrough hIm, hIs
grandchIIdren and hIs sIudenIs. AII Ihe asaaneed oI HadeeIh In IndIa go Ihrough hIm."
2. Shaykh Muhammad Rasheed RIda saId, "II II were noI Ihrough Ihe eIIorI oI our broIhers, Ihe schoIars oI
IndIa, In preservIng Ihe scIence oI HadeeIh II wouId be IosI. In Ihe MIddIe LasI, Ihe InIeresI oI preservIng
Ihe Sunnah and IeachIng II became very weak sInce Ihe 10Ih HIjree cenIury, and II reached IIs weakesI In
Ihe begInnIng oI Ihe 14Ih cenIury."

MosI modern schoIars consIder IhIs schoIar and Ihe nexI as responsIbIe Ior spreadIng Sunnah and hadeeIh
In Ihe enIIre MusIIm worId. Shah WaIIyyuIIah and hIs sIudenIs and hIs movemenI revIved Ihe Sunnah In
LgypI and AshShaam and many counIrIes. They puI In a IoI oI eIIorI Io spread Ihe sunnah.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. He Iook greaI care In spreadIng Ihe Sunnah and HadeeIh oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam); IhIs
was evIdenI by Ihe IoIIowIng:
a. He spenI 4S years IeachIng Ihe ScIence oI HadeeIh Io Ihe sIudenIs oI knowIedge and Ihe pubIIc.
b. He caIIed peopIe Io respecI Ihe HadeeIh and IoIIow Ihe Sunnah even II II goes agaInsI IheIr
cuIIure or madhhab.
c. He broughI and spread books oI HadeeIh whIch were unknown In IndIa. Ior exampIe, he broughI
Ihe MuwaIIa' oI Imam MaaIIk Io IndIa, and he wroIe expIanaIIons Ior IhIs book, one In ArabIc and
one In PersIan.
d. He used Io Ieach HadeeIh wIIh Ihe meIhodoIogy oI Ihe earIy schoIars oI HadeeIh.
e. Many hadeeIh schoIars graduaIed Irom under hIm, carryIng IhIs knowIedge wIIh Ihem Io Ihe
whoIe worId. Ior exampIe AshShah Muhammad Ishaq AdDahIawee, AIMuhaddIIh Nadheer
Hasan, AbdurRahman AIMubaarakIoorI, and AbduIHayy AILaknawee aII sIudIed under hIm.
I. He sIarIed IeachIng SahIh AI BukharI and AI MuwaIIa oI Imam MaaIIk because he Ioved IhIs book
so much.
g. He auIhored many books and IeIIers InvIIIng ruIers and governors and judges and average
MusIIms Io IoIIow Ihe Sunnah. He wroIe Iwo expIanaIIons on AI MuwaIIa oI Imam MaaIIk In
ArabIc and PersIan. He pubIIshed Ihe sIx books oI hadeeIh.
h. AII Ihe Iamous schoIars oI IndIa are hIs sIudenIs.
I. He caIIed peopIe Io respecI hadeeIh. He IaughI hadeeIh wIIh Ihe meIhodoIogy oI Ihe earIy
schoIars.

2. He Iocused hIs movemenI on Tawheed and made II hIs Iop prIorIIy Ior change. He warned agaInsI shIrk
and InnovaIIon, whIch had become rampanI due Io ShI'ah and SuII InIIuences.

3. He Iocused on deveIopIng Ihe schoIars and makIng a new generaIIon oI Ihem who were quaIIIIed Io Iead
Ihe MusIIm naIIon.

'vc do roi diicpcei urq orc oj ic eoui, joi cue i
cckir iiui. vc do roi bcicvc iui urqorc i irjuibc oici
iur ic Jiopci (u uu uuqi wu uun).'
- >u vuiquu
t,
4. He IrIed Io correcI Ihe ways oI Ihe SuIIs by InvIIIng Ihem Io Ihe pure Sunnah InsIead oI cIashIng wIIh
Ihem. He IrIed Io correcI IheIr ways usIng Ihe IoIIowIng meIhods"
a. He repIaced Ihe SuII WIrd wIIh Ihe auIhenIIc suppIIcaIIons IhaI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa
saIIam) used Io say.
b. He emphasIzed Io Ihe pubIIc how Io recognIze schoIars so Ihey can IoIIow Ihem InsIead oI Ihe
shrIne guards and SuII shaykhs.
c. He asked peopIe Io avoId usIng SuII IermInoIogy and repIaced II wIIh Ihe IermInoIogy used In Ihe
Sunnah and by Ihe CompanIons.
d. He expIaIned Ihe correcI meanIng oI Ihe IermInoIogIes whIch were mIsInIerpreIed by Ihe SuIIs.
e. He crIIIcIzed some oI Ihe pracIIces oI Ihe SuII shaykhs such as IIvIng oII oI donaIIons and noI
commandIng whaI Is rIghI and IorbIddIng whaI Is evII.
I. He dId noI have cIashes wIIh Ihe SuIIs, whIch Is a unIque poInI. He was accused oI beIng WahabbI
and saId IhaI he never meI Ibn Wahab.
g. He InIroduced Ihe soIuIIon Io Ihe IoIIowers oI Ihe SuIIs. He concenIraIed on Ihe peopIe who Iook
SuIIsm as a habII and cuIIure.
h. SuII WIrd Is cerIaIn words IhaI are saId. He auIhored a book caIIed The Adhkaar. He was abIe Io
convInce SuIIs Io gIve up Ihe WIrd.

S. He aIso IrIed Io brIng a posIIIve change wIIh Ihe Iuqahaa' oI Ihe madhahIb InsIead oI cIashIng wIIh Ihem.
He was noI agaInsI sIudyIng a parIIcuIar madhab or any oI Ihe 4 madhahIb even Ihough he hImseII had
chosen Io IoIIow Ihe way oI Ihe jurIsIs oI AhI AIHadeeIh. HIs meIhods In reIormIng IIqh were as
IoIIows:
a. He IaIked abouI ImporIance oI IjIIhaad and Ihe IaIsehood oI Ihe cIaIm IhaI Ihe door oI IjIIhaad
shouId be cIosed. He expIaIned IhaI IjIIhaad Is connecIed Io Ihe goaIs oI Ihe SharI'ah.
b. He expIaIned Ihe reasons behInd Ihe dIIIerences beIween Ihe Iuqahaa' and Ihe ImporIance oI
excusIng Ihem II IheIr opInIon was opposed by evIdence. He auIhored one oI hIs greaIesI works
"AIInsaaI Iee Ma'rIIaII Asbaab AIIkhIIIaaI." He Iook a mIddIe paIh beIween Ihe DhaahIree way oI
Ibn Hazm and Ihe exIremIsI MadhhabI jurIsIs. He dIsagreed wIIh boIh sIdes and menIIoned IhaI
Ihe vasI majorIIy oI Ihe MusIIm ummah and schoIars were In Ihe mIddIe.
c. He menIIoned IhaI Ihe IkhIIIaaI Is a sunnah In humanIIy and IhaI we shouId IoIeraIe our
dIIIerences as Iong as Ihe dIIIerences are IegII.
d. He expIaIned IhaI Ihe ImIIaIIon oI a cerIaIn IndIvIduaI was someIhIng never known In Ihe IIrsI
Iour cenIurIes In IsIam. Such meIhods Ied Io sIagnaIIon oI Ihe MusIIm ummah and dIsunIIy.
e. He expIaIned Io peopIe Ihe dIIIerence beIween sayIng IhaI someIhIng Is a sIaIemenI oI an Imam
and sayIng IhaI someIhIng Is based on Ihe Imam's prIncIpIes. He used Io menIIon a IoI oI
exampIes oI Ihe dIIIerences oI opInIon among Ihe companIons. In hIs research, he menIIoned Io
hIs sIudenIs Ihe dIIIerences oI opInIons so IhaI peopIe wouId have more sense oI IoIerance and
respecI Io oIhers. He concenIraIed on Iwo madhabs, Ihe HanaII and Ihe ShaaII'ee and hoped IhaI
Ihey couId merge InIo one madhab.
I. He auIhored a book (can be Iound In LngIIsh): The Reasons BehInd Ihe IkhIIIaaI oI Ihe UIema. He
IrIed Io expIaIn why Ihe dIIIerenI madhahIb dIsagree wIIh each oIher.

6. He masIered In severaI IIeIds such as SharI'ah, hadeeIh, IIqh, aqeedah, and hIsIory. He was a good poeI,
and he was IIuenI In ArabIc and PersIan.

7. He auIhored over 60 books, 39 In PersIan and Ihe resI In ArabIc, and Ihey were among Ihe greaIesI IooIs
Ior spreadIng hIs daw'ah. One oI hIs Iamous books Is "HujjaI AIIah AIBaaIIghah." He wroIe In dIIIerenI
Ianguages Io reach Ihe average peopIe In Ihe sIreeI.

8. He aIways IoIIowed whaI he beIIeved was Irue and expressed II, regardIess oI who he opposed.

9. He saI wIIh Ihe pubIIc, InIeracIed wIIh Ihem and cared abouI Ihem.

10. He had cIear goaIs and a vIsIon, and he was hIghIy moIIvaIed Io achIeve Ihem.

o
r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

When Shah WaIIyyuIIaah saw IhaI peopIe were becomIng mIsIed by some oI Ihe reIIgIous Ieaders due Io IheIr
Iack oI undersIandIng oI Ihe ArabIc Ianguage, he decIded Io wrIIe a IransIaIIon oI Ihe meanIngs oI Ihe Quran
In PersIan and Io pubIIsh II so IhaI Ihe pubIIc became aware oI Ihe IruIh. Some oI Ihe heads oI Ihe SuII
Iareeqahs and Ihe ShI'ah prInces decIded Io hIre over one hundred gang members Io assassInaIe hIm. They
gaIhered In IronI oI Ihe masjId In DeIhI whIIe he was on hIs way Ihere In Ihe aIIernoon. When he heard
abouI Ihem, he approached Ihem sayIng "AIIahu Akbar, AIIahu Akbar," wIIh an open chesI, chaIIengIng Ihem,
buI aII oI Ihem hung IheIr heads down In shame and no one was abIe Io harm hIm. He waIked beIween Ihem
wIIhouI beIng harmed. ThIs IransIaIIon oI Ihe Quran sIIII exIsIs Ioday.

Dcui

On SaIurday, Ihe 29Ih oI Muharram 1176 AH (AugusI 20, 1763 CL), IhIs Imam passed away and was burIed
nexI Io hIs IaIher's grave ouIsIde oI DeIhI In a cemeIery known as Ihe CemeIery oI Ihe SchoIars oI HadeeIh.

Giji jion >u vuiqquu

Whoever comes Io know oI an auIhenIIc hadeeIh oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam), be he a schoIar
or a Iayman, he musI acI upon II. II Is noI permIssIbIe Ior hIm Io Ieave Ihe hadeeIh Ior Ihe opInIon oI any
person,. The SaIaI and Ihe Imams aII agree IhaI doIng such a IhIng Is IorbIdden and evII.

i
>iddccq tuur ur. 1c >eouiq Jiirec >iddccq tuur ur. 1c >eouiq Jiirec >iddccq tuur ur. 1c >eouiq Jiirec >iddccq tuur ur. 1c >eouiq Jiirec

He was a kIng and a schoIar. He grew up as an orphan and hIs IaIher dIed when he was 6. He IoIIowed Ihe
reguIar schooI sysIem aI IhaI IIme and Iearned PersIan and ArabIc. He moved Io cenIraI IndIa and marrIed a
queen. He marrIed her In 1288. He was mInIsIer oI educaIIon beIore marrIage.

He wIInessed change oI poIIIIcaI change In IndIa and Ihe LasI IndIa Company. SayyId Ahmad Khan caIIed Io
modernIze IsIam. Ahmad Qadyaan cIaImed Io be a propheI. He wIInessed Ihese Iwo peopIe. HIs wIIe gave
hIm so much power. He wenI Io HIjaz and meI severaI schoIars. Shaykh AI AIbanI saId greaI IhIngs abouI
hIm. Shaykh BIn Baaz saId IhaI he heard good IhIngs abouI hIm buI never read a book Irom hIm.

ThIs man's movemenI concenIraIed on pubIIshIng books. He auIhored 200 books, S6 In ArabIc and Ihe resI
In Urdu and PersIan Io reach ouI Io Ihe average person In Ihe sIreeI. HIs daw'ah used muIIIpIe Ianguages Io
spread knowIedge. He used hIs wIIe's power Io be abIe Io esIabIIsh 80 schooIs Io IIghI Ihe LasI IndIa
Company. He wouId pay money Io parenIs Io have IheIr chIIdren go Io schooI whIIe he was Ihe mInIsIer oI
educaIIon and Ihe governor oI hIs area. HIs books became Iamous In Damascus, Baghdad, LgypI, and IndIa.
He concenIraIed on caIIIng Io Iawheed and hoId Io Ihe sunnah and noI bIInd IoIIowIng oI a madhab or
Iareekhah.

unc

SIddeeq Ibn Hasan Ibn AII, known as SIddeeq Hasan Khan, Abu AITayyIb. HIs IIneage Iraces back Io
IaIImah, daughIer oI Ihe PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam)S.

|iii

Sunday 19Ih oI |umada AIOoIaa, 1248 AH (OcIober 14, 1832 CL) In BareIIIy, NorIh IndIa.

Dcui

29Ih oI |umaadaa AIAakhIrah, 1307 AH (Iebruary 19, 1890 CL), havIng IIved S9 years.

Cuiq ijc

1. He was raIsed In a smaII, poor vIIIage In NorIhern IndIa known as Qannauj.
2. He grew up an orphan, as hIs IaIher passed away when he was sIx years oId. HIs moIher raIsed hIm weII
and gave hIm a sIrong IsIamIc upbrIngIng.
3. HIs IamIIy was a IamIIy oI knowIedge. HIs broIher, Ahmad, was one oI hIs IIrsI Ieachers.
4. He IoIIowed Ihe reguIar schooI sysIem In IndIa aI IhaI IIme. He sIudIed PersIan and some ArabIc. He
Ihen moved Io Kanpur, In CenIraI IndIa, Ihen Io DeIhI Io conIInue hIs educaIIon. He sIudIed aI Ihe hands
oI many promInenI schoIars oI IndIa, such as Husayn AIAnsarI and AbduIHaqq AIHIndee.
S. He IraveIed Io Makkah and MadInah and coIIecIed Ihousands oI books. AIIer reIurnIng Irom ArabIa, he
resIded In BhopaI. He became Ihe MInIsIer oI LducaIIon and Ihen Ihe head oI Ihe governmenI sIaII. He
Ihen marrIed Ihe Begum oI BhopaI In 1288 AH (1871 CL), SuIIan Shah |ahan Begum, aged 33, a rIghIeous
woman who Ioved knowIedge. Through hIs marrIage he became Ihe Crowned PrInce.


He was oI medIum buIId, had a IIghI Ian compIexIon, and a beaked nose. He had a wIde Iorehead and broad
shouIders. He had IuII cheeks and a shorI beard.

He was InIeIIIgenI and had a sharp memory.

2
He had Iwo sons, AbuI KhaIr, MeIr Nur Hasan Khan (1278 AH, 1861 CL), and AISharII Abu AnNasr MeIr AII
Hasan Khan (1283 AH, 1866 CL). He Iook very good care oI hIs sons.


1. He was raIsed In a pIous and knowIedgeabIe home.
2. He grew up In a poor IamIIy wIIh an economIc IeveI sImIIar Io Ihe average vIIIager aI Ihe IIme.
3. He wIInessed Ihe changes Io Ihe poIIIIcaI sIIuaIIon In IndIa aI Ihe IIme. He was born Iowards Ihe end oI
Ihe MoguI LmpIre and wIInessed IIs downIaII. He aIso experIenced Ihe BrIIIsh coIonIzaIIon oI IndIa and
Ihe empowermenI oI Ihe nonMusIIms over Ihe MusIIms. MusIIms were sIrIpped oI IheIr rIghIs.
4. He saw Ihe roIe IhaI Ihe LasI IndIan Company pIayed In weakenIng Ihe counIry.
S. He wIInessed Ihe change IhaI happened Io Ihe MusIIms wIIh regards Io IheIr beIIeIs and undersIandIng
oI Ihe reIIgIon:
DurIng hIs IIme, Ihe QaadIyanIs and SayyId Ahmad Khan, Ihe Iounder oI AnNIyjeerIyyah,
appeared.
He saw Ihe spread oI shIrk among MusIIms IhroughouI IndIa.
BId'ah and sIns became wIdespread.
He wIInessed bIInd IoIIowIng oI MadhahIb and exIremIsm.
He saw Ihe Iack oI Sunnah and negIIgence oI IearnIng knowIedge.
6. HIs marrIage Io SuIIan Shah |ahan Begum.
7. HIs IrIp Io HIjaz and meeIIng a varIeIy oI schoIars who supporIed hIm In hIs movemenI, especIaIIy
Shaykh Muhammad NasIr AIHaazImee. He came across many new books, especIaIIy Ihe books oI Ibn
TaymIyyah and AshShawkaanee.

>iuiu

1. Shaykh Muhammad Ibn AbduIIah Ibn Humayd (1236 AH 129S AH, 1820 CL 1878 CL), Imam oI Ihe
HoIy MasjId aI Makkah consIdered hIm Io be Ihe RevIver oI hIs cenIury.
2. Shaykh RaashId Ibn AII AIHanbaII caIIed hIm "Shaykh AIIsIam."
3. Khayruddeen Nu'maan Irom Iraq used Io caII hIm Ihe "CreaI and Iamous MuIassIr."
4. Shaykh AIBeeIaar Irom Damascus descrIbed hIm as Ihe masIer oI Ihe IndIan schoIars.
S. He Is consIdered Io be one oI Ihe IoundIng IIgures oI Ihe AhI aIHadeeIh movemenI In IndIa.

>pceiu Ouuiiic

1. He concenIraIed hIs movemenI on aqeedah and warnIng peopIe Irom shIrk, and Ihe ImporIance oI
IoIIowIng Ihe IooIsIeps oI Ihe CompanIons and successors. He wroIe more Ihan 11 books on Aqeedah In
ArabIc, and 37 In Urdu and PersIan.
2. HIs movemenI assumed responsIbIIIIy oI spreadIng Sunnah and HadeeIh among Ihe IndIan schoIars and
Ihe pubIIc. ThIs Ied Io Ihe IoIIowIng:
He reprInIed books oI Sunnah and spread II In Ihe counIry.
He wroIe many books In IhIs IIeId, 16 In ArabIc and 19 In Urdu and PersIan.
He oIIered prIzes Ior memorIzaIIon oI Ihe books oI HadeeIh.
He supporIed Ihe schoIars oI HadeeIh IInancIaIIy and gave Ihem hIgh posIIIons.
He uIIIIzed prInIIng Io spread hIs books and oIher ImporIanI books In IndIa and aII over Ihe
worId. He auIhored more Ihan 200 books, S6 In ArabIc and Ihe resI In Urdu and PersIan. He
'|q wi ir ii ijc i io icvivc ic >urru, io pui ur crd io ic |id'u, io
cdueuic ic cckci oj krowcdc, urd io udvic ic |uin.'
- >iddccq tuur ur

esIabIIshed Iwo prInIIng houses Ior governmenI purposes and Iwo Ior pubIIshIng IsIamIc books
and Daw'ah maIerIaIs. He buIII severaI pubIIc IIbrarIes.
3. He uIIIIzed prInIIng Io spread hIs books and oIher ImporIanI books In IndIa and aII over Ihe worId. He
auIhored more Ihan 200 books, S6 In ArabIc and Ihe resI In Urdu and PersIan. He esIabIIshed Iwo
prInIIng houses Ior governmenI purposes and Iwo Ior pubIIshIng IsIamIc books and Daw'ah maIerIaIs.
He buIII severaI pubIIc IIbrarIes.
4. HIs daw'ah used muIIIpIe Ianguages, especIaIIy Urdu and PersIan.
S. He buIII and supporIed numerous schooIs. In hIs IIme, Ihere were 81 schooIs In hIs area.
6. He encouraged schoIars Irom around Ihe worId Io seIIIe In BhopaI and supporIed Ihem IInancIaIIy.
7. He paId greaI aIIenIIon Io spreadIng nobIe manners and eIIqueIIes and Io sIoppIng IndecenI and non
IsIamIc cuIIuraI pracIIces. He IIIIed IransgressIon and spread jusIIce.
8. HIs vIsIon oI reIorm was broughI Io cover aII IeveIs and aspecIs oI socIeIy.
9. He IreaIed Ihose who opposed hIm wIIh excepIIonaIIy good manners. He dId noI enIer In argumenIs or
reIuIaIIons.

r Cvcri io Jcncnbci

In 128S AH (1868 CL), whIIe reIurnIng Irom Hajj by shIp, he had some Iree IIme on hIs hands. He decIded Io
make an exIra handwrIIIen copy oI 'AsSaarIm AIMunkee' by Ibn AbduIHaadI so IhaI he wouId noI wasIe any
IIme whIIe on Ihe boaI.

Dcui

In Ihe year 1302 AH (1884 CL), he was removed Irom hIs posIIIon by Ihe BrIIIsh governmenI aIIer hIs
enemIes IaIked agaInsI hIm Io Ihe governmenI and cIaImed IhaI he was a sIrIcI WahabbI. They cIaImed IhaI
he used hIs posIIIon Ior hIs personaI gaIn. He was sIrIpped oI aII oI hIs IIIIes and powers.

ShorIIy aIIerwards, he was aIIIIcIed by hydrocephaIous. HydrocephaIous Is a condIIIon In whIch excessIve
cerebrospInaI IIuId (CSI) coIIecIs InsIde Ihe skuII. ThIs IIuId Is normaIIy Iound In Ihe braIn aIIhough
excessIve amounIs oI CSI may buIId pressure Io IeveIs IhaI cause braIn damage and subsequenI dIsabIIIIy.
WhIIe unconscIous, he used Io move hIs IIngers as II he was wrIIIng. One nIghI, he woke up and asked,
"WhaI Is Ihe daIe7" They IoId hIm IhaI II was Ihe IasI day oI Ihe monIh. He asked abouI a book IhaI he had
wrIIIen IhaI was supposed Io be pubIIshed. They saId II was aImosI IInIshed. He repIIed sayIng, "AII praIse
Is due Io AIIah. ThIs Is Ihe IasI day oI Ihe monIh, and IhaI wIII be my IasI book." AI 1 am, he asked Ior
waIer. When Ihey broughI Ihe waIer Io hIm, Ihey heard hIm say, "I wouId Iove Io meI AIIah, I desIre Io meeI
AIIah." He Ihen passed away. The BrIIIsh governmenI reIurned aII oI hIs IIIIes aIIer hIs deaIh and wanIed Io
gIve hIm a royaI burIaI, buI Ihey Iound In hIs wIII IhaI he wanIed Io be burIed accordIng Io Ihe Sunnah oI Ihe
PropheI (saI AIIahu aIayhI wa saIIam) and noI by Ihe way oI Ihe kIngs. HIs IuneraI was heId on Ihe 29Ih oI
|umada AIAkhIrah 1307 AH (December 22, 1889 CL) and II was wIInessed by a Iarge number oI peopIe.

Giji jion >iddccq tuur ur

He was InIormed IhaI AshShaykh AbduIHayy AILaknawee (1304 AH, 1886 CL), who oIIen spoke III oI
SIddeeq Hasan Khan, had dIed. He was moved and puI down hIs head. When he IIIIed hIs head, he saId wIIh
Iears In hIs eyes, "Today Ihe sun oI knowIedge has seI."

Scholars of Islam (Torch Bearers)

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Scholars of Islam (Torch Bearers)

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

1oie |cuici.

>eoui oj un Oubccui toru

S-ar putea să vă placă și