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wL2
wL2
, FBA = +
12
12
The Slope deflection equations for final moment at each end are
2EI
( 2 A + B )
L
wL2 2EI
=
+
B
12
L
2EI
( 2 B + A )
MBA = FBA +
L
wL2 4EI
=
+
B
12
L
MAB = FAB +
(1)
( 2)
wL3
48
wL2 4EI
+
B = 0
12
L
Substituting the value of EIB in equation (1) and (2) we have end moments
MAB =
wL2 2 wL3
wL2
=
+
- ve sign indicates moment is anticlockw ise
12
L 48
8
MBA = +
wL2 4 wL3
=0
+
12
L 48
Now consider the free body diagram of the beam and find reactions using
equations of equilibrium.
MB = 0
R A L = MAB + wL
L
2
wL2
L
5
+ wL = + wL
8
2
8
5
R A = wL
8
V=0
R A + RB = wL
=
RB = wL R A = wL
=
5
wL
8
3
wL
8
3
wL + wX = 0
8
3
X = L
8
SX =
3
L from support B
8
2
Mmax
3
3
w 3
= MX = wL L
L
8
8
2 8
9
=
wL2
128
Example: Analyze two span continuous beam ABC by slope deflection method.
Then draw Bending moment & Shear force diagram. Take EI constant
Wab 2
100 4 22
=
= 44.44KNM
L2
62
Wa 2b
100 4 2 2
=+
=
+
= +88.89KNM
L2
62
wL2
20 52
=
=
= 41.67KNM
12
12
+ wL2 20 52
=
=
= 41.67KNM
12
12
FAB =
FBA
FBC
FCB
Since A is fixed A = 0 , B 0, C 0,
Slope deflection equations are:
2EI
( 2 A + B )
L
2EI
= 44.44 +
B
6
1
= 44.44 + EI B
(1)
3
2EI
( 2 B + A )
MBA = FBA +
L
2EI 2 B
= + 88.89 +
6
2
= 88.89 + EI B
( 2)
3
2EI
MBC = FBC +
( 2B + C )
L
2EI
( 2B + C )
= 41.67 +
5
4
2
= 41.67 + EIB + EIC
(3 )
5
5
2EI
( 2C + B )
MCB = FCB +
L
2EI
= +41.67 +
( 2C + B )
5
4EI
2
= 41.67 +
C + EIB
( 4)
5
5
MAB = FAB +
In all the above four equations there are only two unknown B and C .
And accordingly the boundary conditions are
-MBA-MBC=0
MBA+MBC=0
ii
MCB=0
Rotation anticlockwise.
EI C = 41.67
Rotation anticlockwise.
MAB = 44.44 +
MA = 0
RB6 = 1004+75-51.38
RB = 70.60 KN
V = 0
RA+RB = 100KN
RA = 100-70.60=29.40 KN
Span BC:
MC = 0
RB5 = 205
5
+75
2
RB = 65 KN
V=0
Max BM:
Span AB: Max BM in span AB occurs under point load and can be found
geometrically
Mmax=113.33-51.38 -
Sx = 35-20x = 0
35
=1.75m
20
= 30.625 KNM
Example: Analyze continuous beam ABCD by slope deflection method and then
draw bending moment diagram. Take EI constant.
Solution:
A = 0, B = 0, C = 0
FEMS
Wab 2
100 4 22
=
= - 44.44 KN M
L2
62
Wa 2b
100 42 2
FBA = +
=
+
= + 88.88 KNM
L2
62
wL2
20 5 2
F BC =
=
= - 41.67 KNM
12
12
wL2
20 5 2
F CB = +
=+
= + 41.67 KNM
12
12
F AB =
FCD = 20 1.5 = - 30
KN M
MBA =FBA +
2EI
( 2A +B ) = 44.44 + 1 EIB
L
3
2EI
( 2B +A ) = +88.89 + 2 EIB
L
3
- - - - - - - -- > (1)
- - - - - - - -- > ( 2)
2EI
( 2B +C ) = 41.67 + 4 EIB + 2 EIC
L
5
5
- - - - - - - - > ( 3)
2EI
( 2C +B ) = +41.67 + 4 EIC + 2 EIB
L
5
5
MCD = 30 KNM
- - - - - - - - > ( 4)
MBC =FBC +
MCB =FCB +
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD = 0
2
4
2
Now, MBA +MBC = 88.89 + EIB 41.67 + EIB + EI C
3
5
5
22
2
= 47.22 +
EIB + EI C = 0
- - - - - - - - > ( 5)
15
5
4
2
And, MCB + MCD = + 41.67 + EI C + EI B 30
5
5
2
4
= 11.67 + EI B + EI C
> ( 6)
5
5
Rotation @ B clockwise
10
Span AB
RB 6 = 100 4 + 67.11 61
RB = 67.69 KN
R A = 100 RB = 32.31 KN
Span BC
5
5 + 30 67.11
2
RC = 42.58 KN
RC 5 = 20
RB = 20 5 RB = 57.42 KN
Max = 133.33 61
4 = 68.26 KNM
6
11
S X = 42.58 20 x = 0
x=
42.58
= 2.13 m
20
2.132
30 = 15.26 KN M
2
Solution:
In this problem A =0,
B 0, C 0, =15mm
FEMs:
Wab 2
= 44.44 KNM
L2
Wa 2 b
=+
= +88.89 KNM
L2
FAB =
FBA
wL2
= 41.67 KNM
8
wL2
=+
= +41.67 KNM
8
FBC =
FCB
12
6EI
L2
6 200
15
=
105 120 10 6
= 6 KNM
2
6
1000
mab = mba =
L2
6 200
15
=+
105 120 10 6
= + 8.64KNM
2
5
1000
mbc = mcb = +
2EI
3
(2A +B )
L
L
EI
6EI
= F AB + ( 2A +B ) 2
L
L
1
= - 44.44 + EIB 6
3
1
= 50.44 + EIB
3
2EI
6EI
MBA = FBA +
(2B +A ) 2
L
L
2
= + 88.89 + EIB 6
3
2
= +82.89 + EIB
3
2EI
6EI
MBC = FBC +
(2B +C ) + 2
L
L
2
= - 41.67 + EI( 2B +C ) + 8.64
5
4
2
= 33.03 + EIB + EIC
5
5
2EI
6EI
MCB = FCB +
(2C +B ) + 2
L
L
2
= + 41.67 + EI( 2C +B ) + 8.64
5
4
2
= +50.31 + EIC + EIB
5
5
MCD = 30 KNM
MAB = F AB +
- - - - - - - -- > (1)
- - - - - - - -- > ( 2)
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 5 )
13
There are only two unknown rotations B and C . Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD = 0
EIB = 31.35
EIC = 9.71
Anticl ockwise
Anticl ockwise
Consider the free body diagram of continuous beam for finding reactions
Reactions:
Span AB:
RB 6 = 100 x 4 + 61.99 60.89
RB = 66.85
RA = 100 RB
=33.15 KN
14
Span BC:
RB 5 = 20 x 5 x
5
+ 61.99 30
2
RB = 56.40 KN
RC = 20 x 5 - RB
=43.60 KN
Example: Three span continuous beam ABCD is fixed at A and continuous over
B, C and D. The beam subjected to loads as shown. Analyse the beam by slope
deflection method and draw bending moment and shear force diagram.
Solution:
15
M AB = F AB +
= - 30 + 0.5EI B
2EI
( 2B +A )
L
2EI
= 30 +
( 2B +0 )
4
- - - - - - - - > ( 1)
MBA = F BA +
= + 30 + EI B
2EI
( 2B +C )
L
2EI
= 12.5 +
( 2B +C )
4
= 12.5 + EI B + 0.5EI C
2EI
MCB = F CB +
( 2C +B )
L
2EI
= 12.5 +
( 2C +B )
4
= 12.5 + EI C + 0.5 EI B
2EI
MCD = F CD +
( 2C +D )
L
2EI
= - 13.33 +
( 2C +D )
4
= 13.33 + EI C + 0.5EI D
- - - - - - - -- > ( 2)
MBC =F BC +
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
- - - - - - - - - - > ( 5)
16
2EI
( 2D +C )
L
2EI
= 13.33 +
( 2D +C )
4
= 13.33 + 0.5EI C + EI D
MDC =F DC +
- - - - - - - - - - > ( 6)
In the above Equations there are three unknowns, EI B ,EIC & EID ,
accordingly the boundary conditions are:
i
MBA +MBC = 0
ii MCB +MCD = 0
iii MDC = 0
Now
( hinged)
MBA + MBC = 0
30 + EI B + 12.5 + EI B + 0.5EI C = 0
2EI B + 0.5EI C + 42.5 = 0
> ( 7)
MCB +MBC = 0
+ 12.5 + EIC +0.5EIB 13.33 + EIC +0.5EID = 0
0.5EIB +2EIC +0.5EID 0.83 = 0
MDC = 0
13.33 + 0.5EI C + EI D = 0
> ( 8)
> ( 9)
17
Beam AB:
60 2 + 5.96 42.02
= 20.985 KN
4
R A = 60 RB = 30.015 KN
RB =
Beam BC:
11.63 + 50 5.96
= 13.92 KN
4
RB = RC = 13.92 KN RB is downward
RC =
Beam CD:
10 4 2 11.63
= 17.09 KN
4
RC = 10 4 RD = 22.91 KN
RD =
18
Example: Analyse the continuous beam shown using slope deflection method.
Then draw bending moment and shear force diagram.
end A is fixed
FEMs:
wl2
10 82
=
= - 53.33 KNM
12
12
wl2
FBA = +
= + 53.33 KNM
12
Wl
30 6
FBC =
=
= - 22.50 KNM
8
8
WL
FCD = +
= + 22.50 KNM
8
F AB =
- - - - - - - - > ( 1)
19
3
= 53.33 + EI B
2
2EI
( 2B +C )
L
2E2I
= - 22.5 +
( 2B +C )
6
4
2
= - 22.5 + EI B + EI C
3
3
2EI
MCB = F CB +
( 2C +B )
L
2E2I
= + 22.5 +
( 2C +B )
6
4
2
= + 22.5 + EI C + EI B
3
3
- - - - - - - - > ( 2)
MBC =F BC +
- - - - - - - - > ( 3)
- - - - - - - - > ( 4)
In the above equation there are two unknown B and C , accordingly the
boundary conditions are:
i MBA MBC 24 = 0
ii MCB = 0
3
4
2
EIB 22.5 + EIB + EIC +24
2
3
3
17
2
= +54.83 +
EIB + EIC = 0
> ( 5)
6
3
4
2
and MCB = 22.5 + EIC + EIB = 0
3
3
- - - - - - - - - -- > (6)
23 EI C = 11.25 31 EI B
3
1
11.25 ( 17.432 )
2
3
EIC =
Substituting EIB = 17.432 and EIC = 8.159 in the slope deflection equation
we get Final Moments:
3
( - 17.432 ) = -66.40 KNM
4
3
MBA = +53.33 + ( 17.432 ) = +27.18 KNM
2
MAB = 53.33 +
4
( 17.432 ) + 2 ( 8.159 ) = 51.18 KNM
3
3
4
2
MCB = +22.5 + ( 8.159 ) + ( 17.432) = 0.00
3
3
MBC = 22.5 +
Span AB:
27.18 66.40 + 10 8 4
= 35.13 KN
8
R A = 10 8 RB = 44.87 KN
RB =
Span BC:
51.18 + 30 3
= 23.53 KN
6
RC = 30 RB = 6.47 KN
RB =
21
Max BM
Span AB: Max BM occurs where SF=0, consider SF equation with A as origin
S x = 44.87 - 10x = 0
x = 4.487 m
M
max
= 44.87 4.487 10
4.487 2
64 = 36.67 KNM
2
51.18
= 19.41KN M
2
22
FBC =
M AB = F AB +
- - - - - - - -- > ( 1)
= EI B
2EI
( 2B +A )
L
2E2I
= 0+
( 2B +0)
4
MBA = F BA +
= 2EI B
- - - - - - - -- > ( 2)
2EI
( 2B +C )
L
2E 1.5I
= - 26.67 +
( 2B +C )
4
3
3
= - 26.67 + EIB + EIC
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3)
2
4
2EI
MCB = F CB +
( 2C +B )
L
2E 1.5I
= + 26.67 +
( 2C +B )
4
3
3
= + 26.67 + EIC + EIB
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
2
4
In the above equation there are two unknowns B and C , accordingly the
MBC =F BC +
3
3
EIB + EIC
2
4
7
3
EIB + EIC 26.67 = 0
2
4
3
3
and, MCB +12 = 26.67 + EIC + EIB +12
2
4
3
3
= 38.67 + EIB + EIC = 0
4
2
=
- - - - - - - -- > (5)
- - - - - - - -- > (6)
7
3
EIB + EIC 26.67 = 0
2
4
3
3
EIB + EIC +19.33 = 0
8
4
25
EIB 46 = 0
8
EIB = +46
8
= +14.72
25
From (6)
2
3
38.67 + (14.72)
3
4
= 33.14
- ve sign indicates rotation anticlockw ise
EIC =
Span AB:
24
14.72 + 29.44
= 11.04 KN
4
R A = RB = 11.04 KN
RB =
Span BC:
29.44 + 12 + 20 4 2
= 50.36 KN
4
RC = 20 4 RB = 29.64 KN
RB =
Example: Analyse the simple frame shown in figure. End A is fixed and ends B &
C are hinged. Draw the bending moment diagram.
25
Solution:
In this problem A = 0, B 0, C 0, D 0,
FEMS:Wab 2
120 2 42
=
= 106.67 KNM
L2
62
Wa 2b
120 22 4
=+
=
+
= +53.33 KNM
L2
62
wl2
20 42
=
=
= 26.67 KNM
12
12
wl2
20 42
=+
=+
= +26.67 KNM
12
12
WL
20 4
=+
=+
= +10 KNM
8
8
WL
=
= 10 KNM
8
FAB =
FBA
FBC
FCB
FCD
FDB
MAB = FAB +
> (1 )
26
2EI
( 2B + B )
L
2E2I
= +53.33 +
( 2B ) = +53.33 + 4 EIB
> (2 )
6
3
2EI
( 2B + C )
MBC = FCB +
L
2E 3I
3
3
= 26.67 +
( 2B + C ) = 26.67 + EIB + EIC
> (3 )
4 2
2
4
2EI
MCB = FCB +
( 2C + B )
L
2E 3I
3
3
= +26.67 +
( 2C + B ) = +26.67 + EIC + EIB
> (4 )
4 2
2
4
2EI
MBD = FBD +
( 2B + D )
L
2EI
( 2B + D ) = +10 + EIB + 1 EID
= + 10 +
> (5 )
4
2
2EI
( 2D + B )
MDB = FDB +
L
2EI
( 2D + B ) = 10 + EID + 1 EIB
= 10 +
> (6 )
4
2
MBA = FBA +
MCB = 0
MDB = 0
Now
4
3
3
1
EIB 26.67 + EIB + EIC + 10 + EIB + EID
3
2
4
2
23
3
1
= 36.66 +
EIB + EIC + EID = 0
- - - -- > (7)
6
4
2
3
3
= 26.67 + EIB + EIC = 0
- - - -- > (8)
4
2
1
= 10 + EIB + EID = 0
- - - -- > (9)
2
MCB
MDB
27
M AB = 106.67 +
2
( 8.83 ) = 112.56 KNM
3
4
( 8.83) = 41.56 KNM
3
3
3
= 26.67 + ( 8.3) + ( 13.36 ) = 49.94 KNM
2
4
3
3
= +26.67 + ( 13.36 ) + ( 8.83 ) = 0
2
4
1
= 10 + ( 8.83 ) + ( +14.414 ) = 8.38 KNM
2
1
= 10 + (14.414 ) + ( 8.83 ) = 0
2
MBA = 53.33 +
MBC
M CB
MBD
MDB
28
Span AB:
Span BC:
49.94 + 20 4 2
= 52.485 KN
4
RC = 20 4 RB = 27.515 KN
RB =
Column BD:
20 2 8.33
= 7.92 KN
4
[ HA + HD = 20]
HB = 12.78 KN
HD =
29
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure and also drawn bending
moment and shear force diagram
Solution:
Symmetrical problem
- Sym frame + Sym loading
A = 0, B 0, C 0, D = 0
FEMS
W 1ab 2 W 2 cd2
L2
L2
80 2 42 80 4 22
=
= - 106.67 KNM
62
62
FBC =
Wa 2b W 2 c 2d
FCB = +
+
= +106.67 KNM
L2
L2
30
In the above equation there are two unknown rotations. Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD = 0
7
2
Now MBA +MBC = 106.67 + EIB + EIC = 0
3
3
MCB +MCD = +106.67 +
2
7
EIB + EIC = 0
3
3
- - - - - -- > (7)
- - - - - -- > (8)
746.69 +
EI
EI
0
B+
C=
3
3
subtracts
4
14
+
213.34 + EI
EI
0
B+
C=
3
3
45
- 960.03 +
EI
0
B=
3
3
EI
+960 .03
=+ 64
B=
45
Clockwise
31
106.67 + 3 EIB
3
7
EIC =
3
2
4
2
64 + ( 64 ) = 64 KNM
3
3
4
2
MCB = +106.67 + ( 64 ) + ( 64 ) = + 64 KNM
3
3
MCD = 64 KNM
MBC = 106 .67 +
MDC =
1
64 = -32 KNM
2
32
R A = RB = 60 KNM
RD = RC = 80 KNM
MB = 0
HA 4 = 64 + 32
HA = 24 KN
MC = 0
HA 4 = 64 + 32
HD = 24 KN
Check:
H =0
HA +HD =0
Hence okay
33
Note: Since symmetrical, only half frame may be analysed. Using first three
equations
and taking B = C
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram
34
Solution:
This is a symmetrical frame and unsymmetrically loaded, thus it is an
unsymmetrical problem and there is a sway
Assume sway to right.
Here A = 0,D = 0,B 0,D = 0
FEMS:
Wab 2
80 5 32
=
= 56.25 KNM
L2
82
Wa 2b
80 52 3
FCB = +
=
+
= +93.75 KNM
L2
82
FBC =
2EI
3
2A +B
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 +B
= EIB EI
4
4 2
8
- - - - - - - - > (1)
2EI
3
2B +A
L
L
2EI
3
3
2B +0
= EIB EI
4
4
8
- - - - - - - - > ( 2)
35
2EI
( 2B +C )
L
2EI
( 2B +C ) = 56.25 + 1 EIB + 1 EIC
= 56.25 +
8
2
4
2EI
( 2C +B )
MCB =FCB +
L
2EI
= +93.75 +
( 2C +B ) = 93.75 + 1 EIC + 1 EIB
8
2
4
2EI
3
MCD =FCD +
2C +D
L
L
MBC =FBC +
=0+
MDC =FDC +
=0+
2EI
3
3
2C +0
= EIC EI
4
4
8
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 5 )
2EI
3
2D +C
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 +C
= EIC EI
4
4 2
8
- - - - - - - -- > ( 6 )
In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD = 0
HA +HD + PH = 0
> ( 7)
> ( 8 )
1
3
3
3
EIB EI + EIB EI + EIC EI
2
8
8
8
1
3
+ EIC EI
2
8`
3
3
3
= EIB + EIC EI = 0
> ( 9 )
2
2
2
36
From (9)
EI = EIB +EIC
Eqn (7)
3
1
3
56.25 + EI B + EI C [ EI B + EI C ] = 0
2
4
8
9
1
56.25 + EI B EI C = 0
8
8
- - - - - -- > ( 10 )
Eqn(8 )
1
3
3
+ 93.75 + EI B + EI C [ EI B + EI C ] = 0
4
2
8
1
9
+ 93.75 EI B + EI C = 0
8
8
- - - - - - - - - - > ( 11)
Hence
EIB = 41.25, EIC = 78.75, EI = 37.5
37
34.69 + 55.31
= 22.5 KN
4
Span BC:
55.31 64.69 + 80 3
= 28.83 KN
8
RC = 80 RB = 51.17
RB =
Column CD:
HD =
64.69 + 25.31
= 22.5
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + H D = 0
22.5 22.5 = 0
Hence okay
38
Solution:
Frame is Symmetrical and unsymmetrical loaded hence there is a sway.
Assume sway towards right
FEMS
F AB =F BA =F BC =F CB =F CD =F DC = 0
39
MAB =F AB +
2EI
3
2 A + B
L
L
2EI
3
B
3
3
2
2
= EI B EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA =FBA +
2 B + A
L
L
=
2EI
3
2 B
3
3
4
2
= EI B EI
3
3
2EI
( 2 B + C )
MBC = FBC +
L
2EI
=
( 2 B + C )
4
= EI B + 0.5 EI C
- - - - - - - -- > (1)
MCB = FCB +
> ( 2)
- - - - - - - - > ( 3)
2EI
( 2 C + B )
L
2EI
( 2 C + B )
4
= EI C + 0.5 EI B
=
MCD = FCD +
- - - - - - - - > ( 4)
2EI
3
2 C + D
L
L
2EI
3
2 C
3
3
4
2
= EI C EI
3
3
2EI
3
MDC = FDC +
2 D + C
L
L
2 EI
3
=
c
3
3
2
2
= EI C EI
3
3
=
> ( 5)
- - - - - - - -- > ( 6 )
40
I. MBA +MBC = 0
I I. MCB +MCD = 0
III.
i.e,
HA +HD 20 = 0
MAB +MBA MCD +MDC
+
20 = 0
3
3
MAB +MBA +MCD +MDC 60 = 0
4
2
EIB EI + EIB +0.5EIC
3
3
7
2
= EIB +0.5EIC EI = 0 > ( 7 )
3
3
4
2
and MCB +MCD = EIC +0.5EIB + EIC EI
3
3
7
2
= 0.5EIB + EIC EI = 0 > ( 8 )
3
3
2
2
4
2
4
EIB EI + EIB EI + EIC
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
EI + EIC EI 60
3
3
3
8
= 2EIB +2EIC EI 60 = 0 ( 9 )
3
KNM
4
( 8.18 ) 2 ( 34.77 ) = +12.27 KNM
3
3
2
2
MDC = ( 8.18 ) ( 34.77 ) = +17.73 KNM
3
3
MCD =
41
Member AB:
HA =
17.73 + 12.27
= 10 KN
3
Member BC:
12.27 + 12.27
= 6.135 KN
4
RB = RC = 6.135 KN
- ve sign indicates direction of RB downwards
RC =
Member CD:
HD =
17.73 12.27
= 10 KN
3
42
Check:
H = 0
H A + HD + P = 0
+10 + 10 20 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame subjected to loads as shown. Also draw
bending moment diagram.
43
2EI
3
2A +B +
L
L
2EI
3
= - 13.33 +
0 +B
4
4
M AB = F AB +
- - - - - - - -- > ( 1)
2EI
3
2B +A +
L
L
= 13.33 +
2EI
3
2B +0
4
4
- - - - - - - -- > ( 2)
= 13.33 + EI B 0.375 EI
2EI
MBC =F BC +
( 2B +C )
L
2E3I
= - 112.5 +
( 2B +C )
10
= - 112.5 + 1.2EI B + 0.6EI C
2EI
MCB = F CB +
( 2C +B )
L
2E3I
= + 112.5 +
( 2C +B )
10
= 112.5 + 1.2EI C + 0.6 EI B
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3)
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
2EI
3
2C +D
L
L
2EI
3
= 0+
2C +0
4
4
= EI C 0.375 EI
MCD = F CD +
- - - - - - - -- > ( 5)
2EI
3
2D +C
L
L
2EI
3
= 0+
0 + 2C
4
4
= 0.5EI C 0.375 EI
- - - - - - - -- > ( 6 )
There are 3 unknowns EIB, EIC and EI , accordingly the boundary conditions
MDC = F DC +
are
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD = 0
HA +HD +40 = 0
4
2
MAB + MBA 80
4
and HD 4 =MCD +MBC
HA =
HD =
MCD +MDC
4
44
- - - - - - - - > (7)
- - - - - - - - > (8)
- - - - - - - -- > (9)
Final moments:
KNM
45
Member AB:
61.10 1.88 10 4 2
4
= 5.195 KN
- ve sign indicates direction of HA is from right to left
HA =
46
Member BC:
84.52 61.10 + 90 5
= 47.34 KN
10
RB = 90 RC = 38.34 KN
RC =
Member CD
HD =
84.54 + 54.7
= 34.81 KN
4
Check
H = 0
HA + HD +10 4 = 0
-5.20 - 34.81+ 40 = 0
Hence okay
Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram
47
Solution:
Since the columns have different moment of inertia, it is an unsymmetrical
frame. Assume sway towards right
FEMS:
WL
80 6
=
= 60 KNM
8
8
WL
FCB = +
= +60 KNM
8
FBC =
Here A = 0, D = 0
2EI
3
2A +B
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 +B
= EIB EI
4
4 2
8
- - - - - - - - > (1)
2EI
3
2B +A
L
L
2EI
3
3
2B +0
= EIB EI
4
4
8
- - - - - - - - > ( 2)
48
2EI
( 2B +C )
L
2E2I
= 60 +
( 2B +C ) = 60 + 4 EIB + 2 EIC
6
3
3
2EI
MCB =FCB +
( 2C +B )
L
2E2I
( 2C +B ) = +60 + 2 EIB + 4 EIC
= 60 +
6
3
3
2EI
3
MCD =FCD +
2C +D
L
L
MBC =FBC +
=0+
MDC =FDC +
=0+
2E2I
3
3
2C +0
= 2EIC EI
4
4
4
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 5 )
2EI
3
2D +C
L
L
2E2I
3
3
0 +C
= EIC EI
4
4
4
- - - - - - - -- > ( 6 )
In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD = 0
HA +HD = 0
3
4
2
EI 60 + EIB + EIC = 0
8
3
3
7
2
3
= 60 + EIB + EIC EI = 0
3
3
8
> ( 7)
2
4
3
EIB + EI C +2EI C EI = 0
3
3
4
2
10
3
= EIB + EI C EI + 60 = 0
> ( 8 )
3
3
4
1
3
3
3
And, MAB +MBC +MCD +MDC = EIB EI + EIB EI + 2EIC EI
2
8
8
4
3
+ EIC EI
4
3
9
= EIB +3EIC EI = 0
> ( 9 )
2
4
49
4 3
EIB + 3EIC
9 2
From (9)
EI =
7
2
3 4 3
EI B + EI C EI B + 3EI C 60 = 0
3
3
8 9 2
7
2
1
1
EI B + EI C EI B EI C 60 = 0
3
3
4
2
25
1
EI B + EI C 60 = 0
12
6
- - - - - -- > (10 )
EI B + EI C EI B + 3EI C + 60 = 0
3
3
8 9 2
2
10
1
EI B + EI C EI B EI C + 60 = 0
3
3
2
1
7
EI B + EI C + 60 = 0
6
3
- - - - - -- > ( 11)
EIB +60
7 6
= 27.3
EIC =
Now
EI =
Now
4 3
50
1
( 31.03 ) 3 ( 16.55) = 21.72 KNM
2
8
3
MBA = 31.03 ( 16.55 ) = 37.24 KNM
8
4
2
MBC = 60 + ( 31.03 ) + ( 27.93 ) = 37.25 KNM
3
3
2
4
MCB = +60 + ( 31.03 ) + ( 27.93 ) = +43.43 KNM
3
3
3
MCD = 2( 27.93 ) ( 16.55 ) = 43.45 KNM
4
3
MDC = 27.93 ( 16.55 ) = 15.52 KNM
4
MAB =
Column AB:
HA =
37.25 + 21.72
= 14.74 KN
4
Beam BC:
37.25 43.45 + 80 3
= 38.97 KN
6
RC = 80 RB = 41.03
RB =
51
Column CD:
HD =
43.45 + 15.52
= 14.74 KN
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + H D = 0
14.74-14.74=0
Hence okay
Ex: Portal frame shown is fixed at ends A and D, the joint B is rigid and joint C is
hinged. Analyse the frame and draw BMD.
Solution:
FEMs:
52
WL 80 6
=
= 60KNM
8
8
WL 80 6
FCB = +
=
= +60KNM
8
8
Here A = 0, D = 0, B 0, CB 0, CD 0
FBC =
2EI
3
2 A + B
L
L
2EI
3
0 + B
4
4
1
3
= EI B EI
2
8
= 0+
> ( 1)
53
MBA = FBA +
2EI
3
2B + A
L
L
2EI
3
2B + 0
4
4
3
= EIB EI
8
2EI
3
= FBC +
2B + C
L
L
2E.2I
( 2B + CB )
= 60 +
6
4
2
= 60 + EIB + EI CB
3
3
2EI
( 2CB + B )
= FCB +
L
2E.2I
( 2CB + B )
= +60 +
6
4
2
= +60 + EICB + EIB
3
3
2EI
3
= FCD +
2CD + D
L
L
= 0+
MBC
MCB
MCD
2EI
3
2CD + 0
4
4
3
= EICD EI
8
2EI
3
= FDC +
2D + CD
L
L
2EI
3
= 0+
0 + CD
4
4
1
3
= EICD EI
2
8
>(2)
> (3 )
> (4 )
= 0+
MDC
>(5)
>(6 )
i..e,
54
MCB
MCD
MAB
Sub in ( 10 )
MAB + MBA + MCD + MDC =
3
3 3
3
EIB + EI EI = 0
2
2 8
2
3
15
EIB
EI = 0
2
16
16 3
8
Equation (12) gives EI =
EIB = EIB
15 2
5
=
> ( 12 )
> ( 13 )
Substituti ng in Equation ( 7 )
7
2
3 8
2
7 3
= EIB + EICB 60
3
5
3
26
2
=
EIB + EICB 60 = 0
15
3
MBA + MBC =
> ( 14 )
EIB + 180 = 0
15
__________ __________ _
15
EIB = 180
= 64.29
42
55
8
8
EIB = 64.29 = 102.864
5
5
3
From (11) EICD = EI = 38.574
8
3 7
3
From(13) EI =
3 7
3
64.29 102.864 60
2 3
8
= 77.165
EIB = 64.29, EICB = 77.165,
EICD = 38.57,
=
EI = 102.864
1
( 64.29 ) 3 (102.864 ) = 6.42 KNM
2
8
3
= 64.29 (102.864 ) = 25.72 KNM
8
4
2
= 60 + ( 64.29 ) + ( 77.165 ) = 25.72 KNM
3
3
4
2
= +60 + ( 77.165 ) + ( 64.29 ) = 0
3
3
3
= 38.574 (102.864 ) = 0
8
1
3
= ( 38.574 ) (102.864 ) = 19.29 KNM
2
8
MAB =
MBA
MBC
MCB
MCD
MDC
56
Column AB:
HA =
Beam BC:
25.72 6.42
= 4.825 KN
4
25.72 + ( 80 3 )
= 44.29 KN
6
R C = 80 44.29 = 35.71 KN
RB =
Column CD:
HD =
19.28
= 4.82 KN
4
Check:
H = 0
HA+HD = 0
Hence okay.
57
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure the deflection method and
then draw the bending moment diagram
58
Fig
Solution:
The frame is unsymmetrical, hence there is a sway. Let the sway be
towards right.
A = 0, B 0, C 0, D = 0
FEMS:
20 52
= 41.67 KNM
12
20 52
FCB = +
= +41.67 KNM
12
FCE = 15 2 = 30 KNM
FBC =
2EI
3
2A +B
L
L
2EI
3
0 +B
= 0.5EIB 0.375EI
4
4
- - - - - - - - > (1)
2EI
3
2B +A
L
L
2EI
3
2B +0
= EIB 0.375EI
4
4
- - - - - - - - > ( 2)
59
2EI
( 2B +C )
L
2E 1.5I
= 41.67 +
( 2B +C ) = 41.67 + 1.2EIB +0.6EIC
5
2EI
MCB =FCB +
( 2C +B )
L
2E 1.5I
( 2C +B ) = 41.67 + 1.2EIC +0.6EIB
= +41.67 +
5
2EI
3
MCD =FCD +
2C +D
L
L
MBC =FBC +
=0+
2EI
3
2C +0
= EIC 0.375EI
4
4
MDC =FDC +
=0+
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
- - - - - - - -- > ( 5 )
2EI
3
2D +C
L
L
2EI
3
0 +C
= 0.5EIC 0.375EI
4
4
- - - - - - - -- > ( 6 )
In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD +MCE = 0
HA +HD = 0
i.e, MAB +MBA +MCD +MDC = 0
Now,
MBA +MBC = 0
EIB 0.375EI 141.67 + 1.2EIB +0.6EIC = 0
= 2.2EIB +0.6EIC 0.375EI 41.67 = 0
> ( 7)
> ( 8 )
> ( 9 )
60
61
Column AB:
HA =
18.5 + 6.5
= 6.25 KN
4
Span BC:
Column CD:
HD =
10.16 + 14.84
= 6.25
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + H D = 0
=0
Hence okay
62
Example: Analyse the portal frame shown and then draw bending moment
diagram.
Solution:
It is an unsymmetrical problem hence there is a sway be towards right
A = 0, B 0, C 0, D = 0
FEMs:
wl2
20 52
=
= - 41.67 KNM
12
12
wl2
20 52
FCB =
=
= + 41.67 KNM
12
12
FBC =
L
L
2EI
3
= 0+
0 +B
3
3
2
2
= EI B EI
- - - - - - - -- > (1)
3
3
2EI
3
MBA = F BA +
2B +A
L
L
2EI
3
= 0+
2B +0
3
3
4
2
= EI B EI
- - - - - - - -- > ( 2)
3
3
M AB = F AB +
2EI
3
2B +C
L
L
2E 1.5I
= - 41.67 +
( 2B +C )
5
MBC = F BC +
63
6
3
EIB + EIC
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3 )
5
5
2EI
3
MCB = F CB +
2C +B
L
L
2E 1.5I
= 41.67 +
( 2C +B 0 )
5
= 41.67 + 1.2EI C +0.6 EIB
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4 )
= - 41.67 +
2EI
3
2C +D
L
L
2EI
3
= 0+
2C +0
4
4
= EI C 0.375 EI
- - - - - - - - - - > ( 5)
MCD = F CD +
2EI
3
2D +C
L
L
2EI
3
= 0+
0 +C
4
4
= 0.5EI C 0.375 EI
- - - - - - - - - - > ( 6)
In the above equations there are three unknown B , C and and accordingly
MDC = F DC +
M AB +MBA
M +MDC
+ CD
=0
3
4
4(M AB +MBA ) + 3(M CD +MDC ) = 0
64
Now
MBA +MBC = 0
4
2
6
3
EIB EI + EIB + EIC 41.67
3
3
5
5
3
2
2.53EIB + EIC EI 41.67 = 0 > (7)
5
3
MCB +MCD = 0
41.67 +1.2EIC +0.6EIB +EIC 0.375EI = 0
41.67 + 2.2EIC +0.6EIB 0.375EI = 0 > (8 )
4 EIB EI + EIB EI +
3
3
3
3
Final moments:
2
2
25.46 12.8 = 8.44 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA = 25.46 12.8 = 25.40 KNM
3
3
6
3
MBC = 25.46 + ( 23.17 ) 41.67 = 25.40 KNM
5
5
MCB = 41.67 + 1.2 ( 23.17 ) + 0.60 ( 20.46 ) = 28.50 KNM
MAB =
65
Member AB:
HA =
25.40 + 8.44
= 11.28 KN
3
Member BC:
RC =
28.5 20.30 + 20 5
5
2 = 51.64 KN
2
RB = 20 5 51.64 = 48.36 KN
Member CD:
66
HD =
28.5 + 16.65
= 11.28 KN
4
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
Satisfied, hence okay
Example: A portal frame having different column heights are subjected for forces
as shown in figure. Analyse the frame and draw bending moment diagram.
67
FEMs:
Wl
30 4
=
= - 15 KNM
8
8
Wl
30 4
FBA = +
=+
= + 15 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FBC =
=
= - 30 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FCB = +
=+
= + 30 KNM
8
8
FCD = FDC = 0
F AB =
2EI
3
2A +B
L
L
2E 2I
3
0 +B
4
4
= - 15 +
= - 15 + EI B 0.75 EI
MBA = FBA +
= 15 +
- - - - - - - - > ( 1)
2EI
3
2B +A
L
L
2E 2I
3
2B +0
4
4
= + 15 + 2 EI B 0.75 EI
- - - - - - - - > ( 2)
2EI
(2B +C )
L
2E 2I
= - 30 +
( 2B +C )
4
= - 30 + 2EI B + EI C
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3)
2EI
( 2C +B )
L
2E 2I
( 2C +B )
= 30 +
4
= 30 + 2EI C + EI B
- - - - - - - -- > ( 4)
MBC = FBC +
MCB = FCB +
MCD = FCD +
2EI
3
2C +D
L
L
2EI
3
2C +0
3
3
4
2
= EI C EI
3
3
= 0+
MDC = FDC +
= 0+
- - - - - - - -- > ( 5)
2EI
3
2D +C
L
L
2EI
3
0 +C
3
3
68
2
2
EI C EI
3
3
- - - - - - - -- > ( 6 )
There are three unknowns, EI, B ,EIC & EI , accordingly the Boundary
conditions are
MBA +MBC = 0
MCB +MCD = 0
HA +HD +30 = 0
MAB +MBA 60 MCD +MDC
+
+ 30 = 0
4
3
3(MAB + MBA ) + 4(MCD + MDC ) +180 = 0
i.e,
Now
> ( 7)
4
2
EIC EI
3
3
10
2
EIC EI + 30 = 0
3
3
> ( 8)
69
70
Member AB:
HA =
18.55 21.01 30 2
= 15.615 KN
4
18.55 + 60 2 24.15
= 28.60 KN
4
RC = 60 RB = 28.60 = 31.40 KN
RB =
Member CD:
HD =
19 + 24.15
= 14.38 KN
3
Check:
H = 0
HA + HD + 30 = 0
-15.62 14.38 + 30 = 0
Hence okay
71
Example: Analyse the frame using slope deflection method and draw the
Bending Moment Diagram.
72
FEMS
wI2
12
24 4 2
== 32 KNM
12
wI2
FCB = +
= +32 KN M
12
Here A =D = 0
FBC =
2EI
3
2 A + B
L
L
2EI
3
B
3
3
2
2
= EI B EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA = FBA +
2 B + A
L
L
=
2EI
3
2 B
3
3
4
2
= EI B EI
3
3
2EI
MBC =FBC +
( 2B +C )
L
2E2I
= 32 +
( 2B +C )
4
= 32 + 2EIB +EIC
- - - - - -- > ( 1)
2EI
( 2C + B )
L
2E2I
= +32 +
( 2C +B )
4
= +32 + 2EIC +EIB
> ( 2)
- - - - - - - -- > ( 3 )
MCB =FCB +
MCD =FCD +
- - - - - - - - > ( 4)
2EI
3
2C + D +
L
L
2EI
3
2C +
3
3
4
2
= EIC + EI
3
3
=
> ( 5 )
73
2EI
3
2 D + C +
L
L
2EI
3
=
C +
3
3
2
2
= EI C + EI
3
3
MDC = FDC +
- - - - - - - - > ( 6)
+ 30 = 0
3
3
MAB +MBA MCD MDC +90 = 0
4
2
Now, MBA +MBC = EIB EI 32 + 2EIB +EIC
3
3
10
2
=
EIB +EIC EI 32 = 0
> ( 7 )
3
3
4
2
MCB +MCD = +32 + 2EIC +EIB + EIC + EI
3
3
10
2
= EIB +
EIC + EI + 32 = 0
> ( 8 )
3
3
i.e,
2
2
4
2
4
EIB EI + EIB EI EIC
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
EI EIC EI + 90
3
3
3
8
= 2EIB 2EIC EI + 90
3
4
= EIB EIC EI + 45 = 0
> ( 9 )
3
- - - - - -- > (10 )
74
20
4
EIC + EI + 64 = 0
3
3
4
EIB EIC EI + 45 = 0
3
2EIB +
3EIB +
17
EIC +109 = 0
3
- - - - - - - - > (11)
From (10)
EIC =
From (9)
1
17
109
EIB = 40.88
3
3
3
[EIB EIC +45]
4
3
= [ 40.88 ( 40.88 ) + 45] = +95.07
4
EIB = 40.88, EIC = 40.88, EI = 95.07
EI =
Thus
Substituting these values in slope deflection equations
2
( 40.88 ) 2 ( 95.07 ) = 36.12 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA = ( 40.88 ) ( 95.07 ) = 8.88 KNM
3
3
MBC = 32 + 2( 40.88 ) + ( 40.88 ) = 8.88 KNM
MAB =
75
To find the reaction consider the free body diagram of the frame
Reactions:
Column AB
HA =
8.88 + 36.12
= 15 KN
3
Beam AB
76
+ 8.88 8.88 + 24 4
RB =
4
2 = 48 KN
= 24 4 48 = 48 KN
Column CD
HD =
8.88 + 36.12
= 15 KN
3
Check
H = 0
HA + HD +P = 0
-15 15 + 30 = 0
Hence okay
77
78