Assignment

In
Computer

Submitted by:

Roilane Vyb Ivor Cruz

Submitted to:

Mr. Fernando Eslabra

a). Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

=> The basic Input Output System (BIOS) chip control the most basic functions of the
computers and performs a self test everytime you turn it on.

=> In IBM PC Compatible computers, the basic input/output system (BIOS)[1] , also
known as the System BIOS, is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface.[2]

=> The BIOS is boot firmware, designed to be the first code run by a PC when powered
on. The initial function of the BIOS is to identify, test, and initialize system devices such
as the video display card, hard disk, floppy disk and other hardware. The BIOS sets the
machine hardware into a known state, so that software stored on compatible media can be
loaded, executed, and given control of the PC.[3] This process is known as booting, or
booting up, which is short for bootstrapping.

=> BIOS programs are stored on a chip and are built to work with various devices that
make up the complementary chipset of the system. They provide a small library of basic
input/output functions that can be called to operate and control the peripherals such as the
keyboard, text display functions and so forth. In the IBM PC and AT, certain peripheral
cards such as hard-drive controllers and video display adapters carried their own BIOS
extension ROM, which provided additional functionality. Operating systems and
executive software, designed to supersede this basic firmware functionality, will provide
replacement software interfaces to applications.

b) Chip

A small piece of semiconducting material (usually silicon) on which an integrated circuit

is embedded. A typical chip is less than ¼-square inches and can contain millions of
electronic components (transistors). Computers consist of many chips placed on
electronic boards called printed circuit boards.

There are different types of chips. For example, CPU chips (also called microprocessors)
contain an entire processing unit, whereas memory chips contain blank memory.

c) Northbridge and Southbridge Interface

=> A chipset capable of coordinating a north bridge and a south bridge for power saving,
the chipset comprising: a north bridge comprising: a first signal port; a snoopmodule; a
first open-drained circuit coupled to the first signal port; and a first indicator module
coupled to the snoop module and the first open-drained circuit; a south bridge
comprising: a second signal port; a control module; a secondopen-drained circuit coupled
to the second signal port; and a second indicator module coupled to the control module and
the second open-drained circuit; and a connected indicator wire for performing a logic
operation so as to generate a stateadjustment signal for controlling operation states of the
north bridge and south bridge according to a first indicating signal output from the first
signal port and a second indicating signal output from the second signal port.

d) PCs Input Output System

e) Slots

=> An opening in a computer where you can insert a printed circuit board. Slots are
often called expansion slots because they allow you to expand the capabilities of a
computer. The boards you insert in expansion slots are called expansion boards or add-
on boards.

Do not confuse slots with bays. Bays are sites within the computer where you can install
disk drives. Typically, slots are in the back of the computer and bays are in the front.

f) Plugs, Connectors and Ports

Plugs => A connector used to link together devices.

 An object, such as a cork or a wad of cloth, used to fill a hole tightly; a stopper.
 A dense mass of material that obstructs a passage.
 A fitting, commonly with two metal prongs for insertion in a fixed socket, used
to connect an appliance to a power supply.
 A spark plug.

Connectors
  To join to or by means of a communications circuit
 To join or fasten together.
 The part of a cable that plugs into a port or interface to connect one device to
another. Most connectors are either male (containing one or more exposed pins)
or fem) In database management, a pointer or link between two data structures.
(electronics) A switch, or relay group system, which finds the telephone line
being called as a result of digits being dialed; it also causes interrupted ringing
voltage to be placed on the called line or of returning a busy tone to the calling
party if the line is busy.
(engineering) A detachable device for connecting electrical conductors. A
metal part for joining timbers. A symbol on a flowchart indicating that the flow
jumps to a different location on the chart. ale (containing holes in which the
male connector can be inserted).

Ports

 A place on a waterway with facilities for loading and unloading ships.

An interface on a computer to which you can connect a device. Personal

computers have various types of ports. Internally, there are several ports for
connecting disk drives, display screens, and keyboards. Externally, personal
computers have ports for connecting modems, printers, mice, and other
peripheral devices.

Almost all personal computers come with a serial RS-232C port or RS-422 port
for connecting a modem or mouse and a parallel port for connecting a printer.
On PCs, the parallel port is a Centronics interface that uses a 25-pin connector.
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ports support higher transmission
speeds than do conventional ports and enable you to attach up to seven devices
to the same port.

 In TCP/IP and UDP networks, an endpoint to a logical connection. The port

number identifies what type of port it is. For example, port 80 is used for HTTP
traffic. Also see Well-Known TCP Port Numbers in the Quick Reference
section of Webopedia.