STUDY GUIDE (No.

1) IN CRIMINAL LAW 1
1. Define:
Law
Criminal Law
Crime
Felony
Offense
2. Are there COMMON LAW CRIMES in our jurisdiction? E!lain.
". #ho must !rosecute criminal actions? $%ec. &' (ule 11)' (ules of Criminal
*rocedures+
,. #hat are the LIMITATIONS UPON THE POWER OF THE PHILIPPINE
CONGRESS to enact !enal laws?
&. #hat are the three -". characteristics of criminal laws? E!lain.
(E%EA(C/:
%chnec0en1ur2er 3. 4oran' 5uly "1' 16"78
Article 9:' %ec. 11' 16;< *hili!!ine Constitution8
Article " of *.D. 172)' A!ril 16' 16<68
%ections ,' &' 7' = < of (.A. >o. <&' Oct. 21' 16,78
Articles "' <' ;' 1) = 12 of (.A. ";7' 5une 1;' 16,6 $Ci3il Code of the
*hili!!ines+8
%ection 1& -a. -1. -c. -d. of (ule 11)' (ules of Criminal *rocedure
2)))8
*! 3. #on2 Chen2' Oct. 16' 1622 $French (ule = En2lish (ule+8
?.%. 3. Ah %in2' Oct. 1)' 161<8
An2 @en2 3. Ahe Commissioner of 9mmi2ration' 5an. ")' 16&<8 and
*! 3. Crisanto Aamayo' 4arch 16' 16"&.
7. (ules of Construction of *enal Laws BBB
Aurora A. ACuino 3. C.A.' >o3em1er 21' 16618
<. *(O (EO Doctrine BBB
4eanin28
*!. 3. Alfonso Datchalian' %e!t. ")' 16&;8
*! 3. Ea1ut' 5une 27' 16628
*! 3. Aade!a' 4ay 27' 166&8 and
*! 3. 4ala!ayon' 5une 17' 2))).
;. 4eanin2 of each of the followin2 Legal Maxims BBB
9D>O(A>A9A LED9% >E49>E4 EFC?%AA
9> D?@99% (E?% E%A A@%OL:E>D?%
ACA?% >O> FAC9A (E?4' >9%9 4E>% %EA (EA
*L?% *ECCAA A?A/O( G?A4 ACAO(
EF :E(@9% LED9%
A :E(@A LED9% >O> E%A (ECEDE>D?4
D?(A LEF %ED LEF
EF*(E%%9O ?>9?% E%A EFCL?%9O ALAE(9?%
9D>O(A>A9A FACA9 EFC?%AA
Page 1
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
6. Art. 2' (*C BBB
#hat are those felonies a2ainst >ational %ecurity and the Law of
>ations?
Distin2uish from each other: TERRITORIALITY; EX
TERRITORIALITY; and EXTERRITORIALITY
1). 4eanin2 of !OLO and CULPA? #hat are there elements?
11. #hat do you understand 1y the followin2 in relation to HFELONY?I
Freedom8
9ntelli2ence8
9ntent8
>e2li2ence8 and
9m!rudence.
12. Distin2uish from each other: Deneral 9ntent = %!ecific 9ntent.
Cases:
*! 3. Oanis' 5uly 2<' 16,"8 and
Aa1uena 3. /on. %andi2an1ayan and *eo!le' Fe1. 1<' 166<.
1". Distin2uish: MALA EN SE " MALA PROHI#ITA. Discuss fully.
*! 3. >eri' Dec. 16' 16;&
1,. Article ,' (*C BBB
Case:
*! 3. ?ral' 4arch 2<' 16<,.
1&. PROXIMATE CAUSE and REMOTE CAUSE BBB
?r1ano 3. 9AC' 5an. <' 16;;8
4E(ALCO 3. (emoCuillo' 4ay 1;' 16&78 and
El *ue1lo de Fili!inas 3. (aymudo (elin' Fe1. 2;' 16,<.
17. Art. 7' (*C BBB
*! 3. Do Jay' Dec. 16' 16&<
*! 3. 4auricio' Fe1. 2;' 2))1
1<. Distin2uish FORMAL CRIMES from MATERIAL CRIMES.
1;. Distin2uish SU#$ECTI%E PHASE from O#$ECTI%E PHASE
*! 3. *alomares' -CA. <& O.D. &<"6.
*adayuman 3. *!' 5an. 2"' 2))2.
*! 3. Costales' 5an. 1&' 2))2.
*!. 3. @illones' 5uly 21' 16<;
*! 3. Jalao' 4arch 1<' 16",.
?.%. 3. %imeon' A!ril 1&' 16),.
*! 3. *O" Aan' 5une 21' 2))1.
*! 3. AcaBac' A!ril 2)' 2))1.
*! 3. FernandeK' &, *hil. 122.
*! 3. 4ercado' 5une 1&' 16";.
?.%. 3. Adiao' Oct. ;' 161;.
*! 3. Dino' ,& O.D. ",,7.
16. Art. 11' (*C BBB
*! 3. Lua2ue and Alcansare' >o3. <' 16"&
Page 2
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
*! 3. 5auriCue' Fe1. 21' 16,7
*! 3. >ar3aeK' A!ril 2)' 16;"
Arts. ,26' &"7' and &"6 of the >ew Ci3il Code
*! 3. *unKalan' Au2ust 7' 16;<
*! 3. Dene1laKo' 5uly 2)' 2))1
*! 3. (in2or' 5r.' "2) %C(A ",2 -1666.
Esla1on 3. *!' Fe1. 2,' 16;,
?. %. 3. @atun21acal' "< *hil. ";2' ";<
*! 3. Dala!in' 26" %C(A ,<, -166;.
*! 3. Cat1a2an' Fe1. 2"' 2)),
*! 3. 4acaso' june "' 16<&
*! 3. @asadre' Fe1. 22' 2))1
*! 3. @autista' Fe1. 2<' 2)),
Aradillos' 1& 5an. 2))&
*eo!le 3s. (eyta' 5r.' 1" CA( -2&. 116)8116& $167;+
2). SUFFICIENT PRO%OCATION BBB
*e!ito 3. CA' 5uly ;' 1666
*! 3. *a2a' <6 %C(A &<) -16<<.
*! 3. >a1ore' <" *hil. ,", -16,1.
21. !EFENSE OF RELATI%ES BBB
*! 3. Aorin2' Oct. 27' 166)
?. %. 3. Esmedia' Oct. 21' 161)
22. !EFENSE OF STRANGERS BBB
?. %. 3. A3iado' D(> 1""6<' A!ril 1' 161;
*! 3. :aldeK' D(> "<<&,' 4arch ,' 16""
2". STATE OF NECESSITY &&&
A(A. ;&6 $CODE OF CO44E(CE+
Art. 1)1' (*C
5arCue 3s. %mith' @ell = Co.' >o3em1er 11' 16")
2,. FULFILLMENT OF A !UTY OR IN THE LAWFUL EXERCISE OF A
RIGHT OR OFFICE BBB
*! 3. *ajenado' et al.' ") 5an. 16<7
*! 3. Oanis' et al.' 2< 5uly 16,"
:alcorKa 3. *!' "1 Oct. 1676
2&. O#E!IENCE TO AN OR!ER ISSUE! #Y A SUPERIOR FOR SOME
LAWFUL PURPOSE &&&
Aa1uena 3s. /on. %andi2an1ayan and *eo!le' Fe1. 1<' 166<
*! 3. 4ar2en' et al.' 4arch ")' 16&)
*!. 3. @eronilla' et al.' $D(> LB,,,& Fe1ruary 2;' 16&&+
27. %ection 27' (.A. >o. 6272 BBB $#ATTERE! WOMAN SYN!ROME+
2<. MINORITY &&&
(. A. 6",,' 5?:E>9LE 5?%A9CE A>D #ELFA(E ACA of 2))7
D9%CE(>4E>A' meanin2
Cor!us' et al. 3s. *aje' et al.' 5uly "1' 1676
*eo!le 3s. >e!omuceno' 5r.' >o3em1er 11' 166;
Page 3
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
2;. IM#ECILITY AN! INSANITY BBB
%ICARIOUS LIA#ILITY
*eo!le 3s. Aala3era $D.(. >o. 1"667<. 5uly 16' 2))1+
26. PURE ACCI!ENT: BBB
*eo!le 3s. >e!omuceno' 5r. >o3em1er 11' 166;
@ia2tan' et al. 3s. 9nsular Life Assurance Co.' LAD.' 4arch 26' 16<2
"). COMPULSION OF IRRESISTI#LE FORCE &&&
*eo!le 3s. 5oselito Del (osario ' *ascual' A!ril 1,' 1666
"1. 94*?L%E OF ?>CO>A(OLLA@LE FEA(:
*eo!le 3s. Fronda 4ay 1,' 166"
*eo!le 3s. Da2anon' et al. >o3em1er 1"' 16;7
*eo!le 3s. *etenia' et al. Au2ust 12' 16;7
"2. INSUPERA#LE OR LAWFUL CAUSE BBB
*eo!le 3. @adian' %e!t. ")' 16"7
4edina 3s. OroKco 5r. $D(> LB27<2" Decem1er 22' 1677+
"". INSTIGATION $a1solutory+ and ENTRAPMENT $not a1solutory+BBB
*eo!le 3s. @oco y Alejo et al. $D(> 1267<7 5une 2"' 1666+
",. A#SOLUTORY CAUSES L
*eo!le 3. Doria' D( >o. 12&266' 5anuary 22' 1666
Article ""2' (*C
"&. C9(C?4%AA>CE% #/9C/ 49A9DAAE C(949>AL L9A@9L9AE BBB
-a. Distinction 1etween the O4C and the *4C:
*eo!le 3. %*O1 ?le!' 2) %e!t. 2)))
Lacanilao 3. Court of A!!eals' >o. LB",6,)' 5une 2<' 16;;' 172 %C(A
&7"
-1. 4inority -(.A. 6",,' 5?:E>9LE 5?%A9CE A>D #ELFA(E ACA of
2))7
*! 3. Daliray' 27 5an. 2)),
-c. %e3eral miti2atin2 circumstances
*e!ito et al. 3s. CA et al.' 5uly ;' 1666
-d. >onBa!llication of O4Cs
*.D. 1;77' HIllegal ()ssessi)n )* *i+ea+ms, amm-ni.i)n, e./0 as
amended 1y (.A.;26, BBB %ection "
(. A. >o. 6272' AntiB:iolence A2ainst #omen and Aheir Children BBB
%ection 7 thereof' on !enalties
-e. 9ncom!lete justifyin2 and eem!tin2 circumstances
*! 3. Cat1a2an' Fe1. 2"' 2)),
*eo!le 3. @ato' 1& Dec. 2)))
*eo!le 3s. Ca1ellon and Da3iola $D(> 26221 Au2ust ;'
162;+
De Luna 3s. CA 5une 2' 166& $D(> 111,;, 5une 2'
166&+
-f. *raeter 9ntentionem
*! 3. (e2ato' et al.' "1 5anuary 16;,
-2. %ufficient !ro3ocation
>a3arro 3. CA' Au2. 27' 1666
Page 4
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
*eo!le 3s. *a2al' D(> LB"2),) Octo1er 2&' 16<<
*! 3. Alcon2a = @racamonte' A!ril ")' 16,<
*!. 3. De2uia' 2) A!ril 16&1
-h. :oluntary surrender
*!. 3. Cat1a2an' 2" Fe1. 2)),8 *! 3. @elaje' 2" >o3. 2)))8 *eo!le 3.
Amaman2!an2' 261 %C(A 7";' 7&, -166;.
*! 3. A1olidor' 1; Fe1. 2)),
*! 3. @recinio' 1< 4arch 2)),
*!. 3. 5uan -En @anc.' 1, 5an. 2)),
-i. O ffender is deaf and dum1' 1lind
*! 3. Darillo' D(> LB")2;1' 2 Au2. 16<;
-j. 9llness of the offender as would diminish the eercise of the will
!ower
*! 3. O!uran' 1< 4arch 2)),
-0. /a3in2 acted in o1edience to an order issued 1y a su!erior
*eo!le 3s. @ernal' et al.' 5uly 1,' 16&2
"7. C9(C?4%AA>CE #/9C/ ADD(A:AAE C(949>AL L9A@9L9AE BBB
*! 3. Alde' 26 4ay 16<&
(e3ised (ules on Criminal *rocedure' made effecti3e on )1 Decem1er
2)))' %ections ; and 6 of (ule 11)
*! 3. Catu1i2' Au2ust 2"' 2))1
*! 3. Armando A. (e2ala' & A!ril 2))) -D.(. >o. 1")&);.
*! 3. Aorres' -E> @A>C. 4arch 17' 2)),
%ection 2&' Art. 99 of (.A. 617& -Com!rehensi3e Dan2erous Dru2s Act
of 2))2
%ection 1' !ar. " of *.D. 1;77' as amended 1y (.A. ;26,
*! 3. @adajos' 5an. 1&' 2)), and *! 3. Allawan' Fe1. 1"' 2)),
Art. 72' (*C
*! 3. Catu1i2' Au2ust 2"' 2))1
*! 3. DutierreK' ; Fe1. 16668 *eo!le 3s. 4a2dueMo %e!tem1er 22'
16;7
*!. 3. 4ontinola' 5uly 6' 2))18 *! 3. %antos' 61 *hil. "2)8 *! 3. Daos'
2< A!ril 16",8 *! 3. *uesca' )& Dec. 16<;
?>9AED %AAAE% :%. 5. (A4O% EA AL. 'D(> &"6 A!ril 1' 16)2
*eo!le 3s. *erreras' D.(. >o. 1"6722. 5uly "1' 2))1
*! 3. Ca1ato' A!ril 1&' 16;;
*! 3. Daniel' <& O.D. ,;",
*! 3. Alcala' ,) *hil. <"6
*! 3. 4andolado' et al. 2; 5une 16;"
*! 3. Ca1resos' 4ay 27' 166&
*eo!le 3s. *onciano' Decem1er &' 1661
*! 3. Lora' 4arch ")' 16;2+
*! 3. Comendador' %e!t. 1;' 16;)
*! 3. 5auri2ue' 21 Fe1. 16,7
>a3arro 3. CA' et al.' Au2. 27' 1666
*! 3. %antos' 61 *hil. "2)' 4ay 21' 16&28 *! 3. Daos' 2< A!ril 16",8 *!
3. *uesca' )& Dec. 16<;+
*eo!le 3s. Fortich' D(> ;)"66B,),' >o3em1er 1"' 166<
$*! 3. Lao' Dec. 6' 1666
*! 3. Lomerio' Fe1. 2;' 2)))
*! 3. Damaso' 2) 4ay 16<;
Page 5
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
*! 3. E2ot' 5une 2&' 16;,
*! 3. *edroso' E> @A>C' ") 5uly 16;2. >ote' this case effecti3ely
o3erturned Om1ao -*!. 3. Om1ao' ist Di3.' Fe1. 27' 16;1.
E(>E%AO DA(CE% 3. *!' D.(. >o. 1<";&;' 2))< 5ul 1<' "rd
Di3ision
*! 3. Lee' et al.' Dec. 2)' 1661
*! 3. 9lane' "1 4ay 16";
*eo!le 3s. Ar!a' et al.' D(> LB27<;6 A!ril 2&' 1676
*! 3. /ija!on' 5uly 1)' 2))1
*! 3. A1rera' Dec. 12' 166<8 *! 3. ?m1rero' et al.' 4ay ;' 1661
*! 3. A2a!inay' 5une 2<' 166)
*!. 3. 4ontejo' >o3. 21' 16;;
*!. (omeo @arros' 5une 2<' 166&
?. %. 3s. @lanco' 1) *hil.' 26;8 ?. %. 3s. /ermosilla' "1 *hil.' ,)&8 *! 3.
Dos' A!r. 2<' 16",.
*! 3. ClariMo' 5uly "1' 2))1
*! 3. Cortes' 5uly 11' 2))1
4oises Ca!alac' Oct. 2"' 16;2
*! 3. GuiMola' 4ay &' 1666
*! 3. Nea' et al.' 5une 26' 16;,+
*! 3. Lee' Dec. 2)' 16618 *! 3. Daos' A!r. 2<' 16",
*! 3. Ca1ato' A!ril 1;' 16;;
*! 3. Ferrera' 5une 1;' 16;<
*! 3. Aalay' >o3. 2;' 16;)
*! 3. (odico' Oct. 17' 166&
*! 3. Datcho' Fe1. 27' 16;1
*! 3. OrtiK' 5uly <' 2))1
*! 3. Ducusin' Au2ust ;' 1626
*! 3. O!uran' 4arch 1<' 2)),
*!. 3. :era' Au2. 1;' 1666
*! 3. 4acuha' 5uly 17' 1666
*! 3. *anida' et al.' 5uly 7' 16668 *! 3. Flores' E> @A>C' Fe1. &' 2)),
*! 3. A1olidor' Fe1. 1;' 2)),
*! 3. Daliray' 5an. 27' 2)), ->ote: 0illin2 a child of tender a2e is
treacherous. Areachery is indis!uta1ly !resumed. $*! 3. Caritati3o' A!ril
1' 1667+ Ahe 0illin2 of a 7Byear old child 1y an adult !erson is
treacherous. -*eo!le 3s. %ancholes' 2<1 %C(A &2< $166<+. N.B.
Disre2ard of a2e is a1sor1ed.
*!. 3. Cachola' E> @A>C' 5an. 21' 2)),
*! 3. @recinio' 4arch 1<' 2)),
*! 3. %al3atierra' 2&< %C(A ,;6+
*! 3. Leal' 5une 26' 2))1
*!. 3. (al!h :eleK DiaK' Dec. ;' 1666
*!. Carmina' 5an. 2;' 1661
*! 3. %iao' 4arch "' 2)))8 *! 3. Lao' Dec. 6' 1666
*! 3. :elo' 4arch 1"' 16,;
*! 3. @acule' 5an. 2;' 2)))
*! 3. :eloso' Fe1. 2&' 16;2
*eo!le 3s. 4oreno' 4arch 22'166"
*! 3. Datcho' Fe1. 27' 16;1
*! 3. *anida' et al.' 5uly 7' 1666
Page 6
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
*! 3. 9laoa' 5une 17' 166,
"<. ALAE(>AA9:E C9(C?4%AA>CE%
(elationshi!
*! 3. Catu1i2' Au2. 2"' 2))1
Art. ""2' (*C
Art. &6' Ahe Child and Eouth #elfare Code' *.D. 7)"
9ntoication
*!. 3. 4ueron2' 5uly 7' 2))1
*! 3. Cortes' 5uly 11' 2))1
*! 3. @ato' Dec. 1&' 2)))
D e2ree of instruction and educationOlac0 of education
*eo!le 3s. (etania' 5anuary 22' 16;)' D(> LB",;,1
*eo!le 3s. *ujinio' et al.' A!ril 26' 1676
*eo!le 3s. Las!ardas' Octo1er 2"' 16<6
Dar2anera 3s. 5ocson' %e!tem1er 1' 1662
*! 3. An2' Oct. ;' 16;&
*eo!le 3s. 4en2ote' 5uly 2&' 16<&
*! 3. Limaco' 5an. 6' 16&1
";. *E(%O>% C(949>ALLE L9A@LE FO( FELO>9E%
*!. 3. A1dona 4ontilla' -CA. &2 O.D.,"2<
*eo!le 3s. 4arCuita et al. 4arch 1' 2)))
*eo!le 3s. /ata2ue A!ril <'1662
*eo!le 3s. GuiMones 4arch 2;' 166)
*eo!le 3s. 4adera 4ay "1' 16<,
*eo!le 3s. Casey' et al. Fe1ruary 2,' 16;1
*eo!le 3s. *eralta' et al. Octo1er 26' 167;' 2& %C(A
<&6
*eo!le 3s. Dumayan 4ay 21' 2))1
*! 3. Esco1er' 5an. 26' 16;;
";.a. *(9>C9*AL @E 9>D?CE4E>A
*! 3. A2a!inay' 2< 5une 166)
Chua 3s. CA' Au2ust 2;' 1667
*! 3. 9ndanan' 5an. 26' 161"
*eo!le 3s. *arun2ao >o3em1er 2;' 1667' E> @A>C
*eo!le 3s. Delfin' et al.' 5uly "1' 1671
";.1. *(9>C9*AL% @E 9>D9%*E>%A@LE COO*E(AA9O>
%amson 3s. Court of A!!eals' et al.' 4arch "1' 16&;
*! 3. A!le2ido' et al.' A!ril 2<' 16,7
*eo!le 3. Cortes' %e!tem1er "' 166"
"6. ACCO4*L9CE%
*! 3. :era' Au2. 1;' 1666
*eo!le 3s. ElefaMo' 5r.' et al.' >o3em1er 2&' 16;"
*! 3. *astores' et al.' Au2. "1' 16<1
Page 7
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
*eo!le 3s. Aamayo' ,, *hil. ";
*! 3. Chua /uy' Au2. "1' 16&)
*! 3. 4arCuita' et al.' 4arch 1' 2))) $Passi1e (+esen/e+
,). ACCE%%O(9E%
*D 1;26' O1struction of 5ustice' and *D 1712' AntiBfencin2
*eo!le 3. 4antun2' D.(. >o. 1")"<2' 5uly 2)'
*! 3. 4oana' et al.' 5une ;' 2)))
*! 3. Aan' Au2. 27' 1666+
>ue3a' <, O.D. 1,2,' Fe1. 17' 16<7
(elated %!ecial *enal Laws are: *D 1;26' O1struction of 5ustice' and
*D 1712' AntiBFencin2
Aitle Ahree
* E > A L A 9 E %
Cha!ter One
*E>ALA9E% 9> DE>E(AL
E> @A>C' D.(. >o. LB1<6)&' 5anuary 2<' 162"' A/E *EO*LE OF
A/E */9L9**9>E 9%LA>D%' !laintiffBa!!ellee' 3s. 5?A> 4O(A>'
F(?CA?O%O CA>%9>O' and /9LA(9O ODA' defendantsBa!!ellants
E> @A>C' 4arch "' 16<&' 4ADAOAO 3s. 4A>D?E(A et al.
Articles ;6 and ",,' (*C
*eo!le 3s. %alle' 5r.' D(> 1)"&7< Decem1er ,' 166&
*! 3. 4alinao' 17 Fe1. 2)),
*! 3. De los %antos' 4arch 2<' 2))1 3isBaB3is Lonto0' 5r. 3. Dor2onio'
A!ril ")' 16<6
*eo!le 3s. Aa1aco' D(> 1))";2B1))";&' 4arch 16' 166<
Com!ound 2DELITO COMPUESTO3
Com!le !ro!er 2DELITO COMPLEJO3
Continuin2 Crime -DELITO CONTINUADO)
%antia2o 3. Darchitorina' D.(. 1)627&' )2 Dec. 166"
*! 3. %a1alones' et al.' "1 Au2. 166;
a. A#ERATIO ICTUS
1. PRAETER INTENTIONEM
c. ERROR EN PERSONAE
DEL9AO CO>A9>?ADO' a((lied BBB
*eo!le 3. Aumlos' 7< *hil. "2) $16"6+.
*eo!le 3. 5aranillo' && %C(A &7".
*eo!le 3. De Leon' ,6 *hil. ,"< $1627+
*eo!le 3. %a11un' 1) %C(A 1&7 $167,+
*eo!le 3. Lawas' 6< *hil. 6<& $16&&+
*eo!le 3. %a11un' 1) %C(A 1&7 $167,+ in +e s(e/ial (enal la4s
%u!reme Court declined to a!!ly the conce!t of !eli.)
C)n.in-ad) in the followin2 cases:
-1. *eo!le 3. Dichu!a' 11" *hil. ")7 $1671+
-2. *eo!le 3. Cid' 77 *hil. "&, $16";+
-". *eo!le 3. Ledesma' <" %C(A << $16<7+
-,. Dam1oa 3. Court of A!!eals' 7; %C(A "); -$16<&+
DELITO COMPUESTO
*! 3. *ama' $C.A.+ ,, O.D. """6 -16,<.
*! 3. 4aca2alin2' Octo1er "' 166,
*! 3. de Leon' ,6 *hil. 2"<
Page 8
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
*! 3. Duillen' ,< O.D. >o. <' ",""
*! 3. Desierto' $C.A.+ ,& O.D. ,&,2 -16,;.
*! 3. Aa1aco' D(> 1))";"B1))";&' 4arch 16' 166<
*eo!le 3s. 4ision' Fe1ruary 27' 1661
*! 3. *acificador' 7 Fe1. 2))2
DELITO COMPLEJO
*! 3. %al3illa' 27 A!ril 166) Necessar !ea"s#
*! 3. (amos' 12 Oct. 166;8 Cited in *! 3. (imorin' et al.' 17 4ay 2)))
(A >o. <7&6
*eo!le 3. 5ose' et al.' D.(. >o. LB 2;2"2' Fe1. 7' 16<1' "< %C(A ,&)
*! 3. Aami' 4ay 2' 166&
P E N A L T I E S
Di3isi1le !enalties are di3ided into three $"+ eCual !ortions. Each !ortion is 0nown as a !eriod.
9f there is an ordinary miti2atin2 circumstance $O4C+' the !enalty is to 1e lowered 1y one !eriod for
e3ery O4C' ex/e(. 45e+e A+. 67, Pa+ag+a(5 8 a((lies.
9f there is an a22ra3atin2 circumstance' the !enalty should 1e increased 1y one !eriod for
e3ery attendant a22ra3atin2 circumstance' 1ut not to eceed the maimum of the !enalty !rescri1ed
for the crime committed.
9f there is neither a22ra3atin2 nor miti2atin2 circumstance' the !rescri1ed !enalty should 1e
im!osed' in its medium !eriod where no !eriod is mentioned.
#hen 1oth miti2atin2 and a22ra3atin2 circumstances are !resent' the court shall reasona1ly
offset those of one class a2ainst the other accordin2 to their relati3e wei2ht. $Art. 7,+
A de2ree' on the other hand is a 2raduation of !enalties. Ahe 2raduated scales of !enalties
are !ro3ided in Art. <1' thus:
%CALE >O. 1
1. Death
2. (eclusion !er!etua
". (eclusion tem!oral
,. *rision mayor
&. *rision correccional
7. Arresto mayor
<. Destierro
;. Arresto menor
6. *u1lic censure
1). Fine

%CALE >O. 2
1. *er!etual a1solute disCualification
2. Aem!orary a1solute disCualification
". %us!ension from !u1lic office' the ri2ht to 3ote and 1e 3oted for' and the
ri2ht to follow a !rofession or callin2
,. *u1lic censure
&. Fine
Each !enalty in the a1o3e scales is a DED(EE 9> 9A%ELF.
Ahus' one de2ree lower than death' the hi2hest de2ree' is reclusion !er!etua.
4any !enalties' howe3er' are com!osed of !eriods. Ahus' where the !enalty for a crime is
!rision correccional in its minimum and medium !eriods. 9t is com!osed of two $2+ !eriods. One de2ree
lower is just the net lower 2 !eriods' or arresto mayor in its medium and maimum !eriods.
On the other hand' 1efore the ad3ent of DO>NALE%' if the !enalty for a crime is' say'
reclusion tem!oral in its medium !eriod the same is com!osed of one !eriod only. Ahe !enalty one
de2ree lower is just the net lower !eriod or reclusion tem!oral minimum $See Peo%&e 's. Go"(a&es)
*+ P,-&. ./0) infra, which is governing. 1. Finally' if the !enalty is reclusion tem!oral in its maimum
!eriod to death' as a s!ecial case' this !enalty is considered com!osed of " !eriods. One de2ree'
lower is just the net lower " !eriods or !rision mayor maimum to reclusion tem!oral medium. Ao
illustrate:
1. *enalty com!osed of " !eriods: say' reclusion tem!oral maimum to death.
1. Death B B B B B B B B B !rescri1ed
2. (eclusion !er!etua B B B B !enalty
". (eclusion tem!oral BB ma
Page 9
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
med
min one de2ree lower
,. *rision mayor BBBBBB ma
med
min two de2rees lower
&. *rision correccionalBB ma
med
min
7. Arresto mayor
<. Destierro
;. Arresto menor
6. *u1lic censure
1). Fine
2. *enalty com!osed of two !eriods:
,. *rision mayor BBBBBBBBma
med
min
&. *ris. CorreccionalBBBBma
med !rescri1ed
min !enalty
7. Arresto mayorBBBBBBBBBma
med one de2ree lower
min
". *enalty com!osed of one !eriod:
1. Death -(e!ealed 1y (.A. >o. 6",7' 5une 2,' 2))7.
2. (eclusion !er!etua
". (eclusion tem!oralBBBma
med BB *rescri1ed !enalty
min
,. *rision mayorBBBBBBBBma
*rision correccional ma BBB O"e 2e3ree &o4er $Go"(a&es Doc5r-"e1

D.(. >os. LB,21&B17 A!ril 1<' 16&"
*EO*LE OF A/E */9L. 3s. LEO>A(DO DO%AL
)62 *hil ;<<
F9(%A D9:9%9O>
%ELLA@?%
1. C(949>AL LA#8 *E>ALA9E%' CO4*?AAA9O> OF. P
9n determinin2 the !enalty net lower in de2ree for the !ur!ose of a!!lyin2 the law on
indeterminate sentence' while some of the justices 1elie3e that said !enalty immediately lower should
1e !rision mayor in its medium de2ree' the majority eCually hold that followin2 the doctrine laid down
in the case of Peo%&e 's. Go"(a&es (*+ P,-&.) ./0)) 5,e %e"a&5 "e65 &o4er -" 2e3ree 5o %r-s-o"
!aor -" -5s !a6-!7! 2e3ree -s a"2 s,o7&2 8e %r-s-o" correcc-o"a& -" -5s !a6-!7! 2e3ree .
Ahe !enalty in criminal case >o. 21)6 -now LB,21&. should therefore 1e not less than four -,.
years and nine -6. months and ele3en -11. days of !rision correccional and not more than ten -1).
years' ei2ht -;. months and one -1. day of !rision mayor. Ahe indemnity to the heirs of the deceased
@enito FernandeK should 1e increased to *7'))). #ith these modifications' the decision a!!ealed
from is here1y affirmed' with costs.
LEO>9DA% E*9FA>9O E LANA(O' *etitioner
BBB3ersusBBB
*EO*LE OF A/E */9L9**9>E%' (es!ondent.
D.(. >O. 1&<)&<' 9::* J7" 9; ' "rd Di3ision.
Accordin2ly' the im!osa1le !enalty for the crime of attem!ted murder' followin2 Article &1 of
the (e3ised *enal Code' is !rision correccional in its maimum !eriod to !rision mayor in its medium
!eriod. A!!lyin2 the 9ndeterminate %entence Law' the minimum of the !enalty to 1e im!osed should
1e within the ran2e of arresto mayor in its maimum !eriod to !rision correccional in its medium
!eriod' and the maimum of the !enalty to 1e im!osed should 1e within the ran2e of !rision
correccional in its maimum !eriod to !rision mayor in its medium !eriod. %ince no 2eneric
a22ra3atin2 or miti2atin2 circumstance attended the commission of the crime of attem!ted murder' the
Page 10
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
!enalty should 1e two -2. years and four -,. months of !rision correccional' as minimum8 and ei2ht -;.
years of !rision mayor' as maimum.
NOTE< Ahe crime was committed on Au2ust 1&' 166) in %amal' Da3ao. Ahe !enalty then
im!osa1le for MUR!ER was &&&
A+. 97: M-+de+ ; An' (e+s)n 45), n). *alling 4i.5in .5e (+)1isi)ns )* A+.i/le 976 s5all <ill
an).5e+, s5all =e g-il.' )* m-+de+ and s5all =e (-nis5ed =' rec!sion "e#$ora in i"s #a%i#!#
$erio& "o &ea"h, i* /)mmi..ed 4i.5 an' )* .5e *)ll)4ing a..endan. /i+/-ms.an/es>
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ
/O# AO D9:9DE *E>ALA9E% CO4*O%ED OF *E(9OD% 9> A/(EE EG?AL *E(9OD%
1. *rescri1ed !enalty: *rision mayor maimum to reclusion tem!oral medium. $"B!eriod
!enalty+
1. Det the ran2e of the !enalty: 1) y and 1d to 1<y and ,m
2. %u1tract the minimum from the maimum
1<y ,m
B 1)y $do not include the day+
<y ,m
". Di3ide the ran2e 1y "
<y ,m or ;; m ;; m " Q 26 m and 1) d or 2y &m 1)d
,. min 1)y 1d to 12y &m 1)d
med 12y &m 11d to 1,y 1)m 2)d
ma 1,y 1)m 21d to 1<y ,m ))d
2. *rescri1ed !enalty: !rision correccional in its minimum and medium !eriods. $2B!eriod
!enalty+
1. (an2e BBB 7m 1d to ,y 2m
2. %u1tract ,y 2m B 7m $do not include the day+ Q "y ;m
". "y ;m " Q 1y 2m 2)d
,. min 7m 1d to 1y ;m 2)d
med 1y ;m 21d to 2y 11m 1)d
ma 2y 11m 11d to ,y 2m ))d
". *rescri1ed !enalty: (eclusion tem!oral medium $1B!eriod !enalty+
1. 1, years ; months 1 day to 1< years , months
2. 1<y ,m B 1,y ;m Q 2 years and ; months
". 2 year and ; months di3ided 1y " Q 1) months 2) days
,. min 1,y ;m 1d to 1&y 7m 2)d
med 1&y 7m 21d to 17y &m 1)d
ma 17y &m 11d to 1<y ,m ))d
AA@?LAA9O> OF A/E *(O:9%9O>% OF A/E C/A*AE(

*enalty
!rescri1ed for the
crime
*enalty to 1e
im!osed u!on the
!rinci!al in a
frustrated crime'
and the
accom!lice in a
consummated
crime
*enalty to 1e
im!osed u!on the
!rinci!al in an
attem!ted crime' the
accessory in the
consummated
crime' and the
accom!lices in a
frustrated crime
*enalty to 1e
im!osed u!on the
accessory in a
frustrated crime'
and the accom!liB
ces in an attem!ted
crime
*enalty to 1e
im!osed u!on
the accessory
in an
attem!ted
crime
First
Case
Death (eclusion
!er!etua
(eclusion tem!oral *rision mayor *rision
correccional
Page 11
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
%econd
Case
(eclusion
!er!etua to
death
(eclusion
tem!oral
*rision mayor *rision
Correccional
Arresto mayor
Ahird
case
(eclusion
tem!oral in its
maimum !eriod
to death
*rision mayor in
its maimum
!eriod to reclusion
tem!oral in its
medium !eriod.
*rision correccional
in its maimum
!eriod to !rision
mayor in its medium
!eriod.
Arresto mayor in
its maimum
!eriod to !rision
correccional in
its medium !eriod.
Fine and
arresto
mayor in its
minimum and
medium
!eriods.
Fourth
Case
*rision mayor in
its maimum
!eriod to
reclusion
tem!oral in its
medium !eriod.
*rision
correccional in its
maimum !eriod
to !rision mayor
in its medium
!eriod.
Arresto mayor in its
maimum !eriod to
!rision correccional
in its medium
!eriod.
Fine and arresto
mayor in its
minimum and
medium !eriods.
Fine
AA@?LA( *(E%E>AAA9O>:
*(O:9DED A/AA A/E (A*E 4E(ELE ACCO4*A>9ED A/E (O@@E(E
A>D >OA 9> F?(A/E(A>CE OF O( *?(%?A>A AO A/E CO>%*9(ACE. AL%O'
A/E (A*E 9% >OA A >ECE%%A(E A>D LOD9CAL CO>%EG?E>CE OF A/E
9>AE>DED C(94E.
A. CO>%*9(ACE:
All of these also a!!ly to ro11ery with homicide. $%ee concurrin2 o!inion of 5.
DutierreK in the Esco1er case.+
1. FEN BBB CO>%*9(ED AO (O@.
FEN BBB (O@
FE BBB (A*E HAI
N BBB >O J>O#LEDDE A@O?A
A/E (A*E LO(B /A%
J>O#LEDDE @?A
E>DEA:O(% AO *(E:E>A 9A%
CO449%%9O> BO(B >O
C/A>CE AO *(E:E>A 9A%
CO449%%9O>' E.D. @ECA?%E
OF %?DDE>>E%%. $%EE:
O4*AD CA%E+
C(94E%: FE BBB (O@@E(E #9A/
(A*E
N BBB (O@@E(E O>LE
2. FEN CO>%*9(ED AO (O@.
FEN LBB (O@
FE BBB (A*E HAI
N BBB /A% J>O#LEDDE OF A/E (A*E
A>D D9D >OA E>DEA:O( AO *(E:E>A
9A% CO449%%9O>.
C(94E: FEN BBB (O@@E(E #9A/ (A*E
@: @ A > D
Page 12
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.
1. #FEN BBB (O@
#FE BBB (A*E HAI
N BBB E>DEA:O(% AO *(E:E>A
A/E (A*E.
C(94E%: #FE BBB (O@@E(E #O
(A*E
N BBB (O@@E(E O>LE
2. #FEN BBB (O@
#FE BBB (A*E HAI
N BBB D9D >OA E>DEA:O( AO *(E:E>A
A/E (A*E. $#9A/ O( #9A/O?A
J>O#LEDDE 9% 944AAE(9AL
@ECA?%E OF A/E 2
nd
*A(. OF A(A. 267.+
C(94E: #FEN BBB (O@@E(E #O (A*E
A?A/O(9A9E%
1. **. :%. 5?A> D. E%CO@E(' EA AL.' 5A>. 26' 16;;
2. **. :%. %?L*9C9O DE LA CE(>A' OCA. ")' 167<
". ?.%. :%. A9O>DO' EA AL.' 4A(C/ 27' 161;
,. **. :%. 5?A> 4O(E>O' 4A(C/ 22' 166"
&. ?.%. :%. 5?L9A> 4ACALALAD' OCA. ;' 16)<
7. **. :%. AD(9A>O' 6& %C(A 1)< $16;)+
<. **. :%. O4*AD' 5A>. "1' 1676
;. **. :%. :9%CA((A' 5?LE ")' 16;2 $%?DDE>>E%% OF A/E J9LL9>D+
Page 13
Atty. Amado V. Domingo, Jr.