Chapter 7 Ethnicity-_H-level

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Name___________________________________ Class 10 __________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The racist laws that divided South Africans were known as 1) _______
A) apartheus. B) states rights. C) apomatox. D) secessionist. E) apartheid.

2) Racist laws divided benches, drinking fountains, bathrooms, and schools in South Africa until 2) _______
A) 1948. B) 1974. C) 2004. D) 1994. E) 1988.

3) Ethnicity is important because 3) _______
A) it promotes peace and wellbeing in the face of the globalization of culture.
B) it reinforces diversity in the face of the globalization of culture.
C) it opposes nationalism and globalization.
D) it defines citizenship and sovereignty in the political arena.
E) it provides the only stable basis of political states in the modern world.

4) The most populous ethnic group in the United States is 4) _______
A) Austral-Asians.
B) Asian Americans.
C) African Americans.
D) Latinos/Hispanics.
E) American Indians and Alaska Natives.

5) The second most populous ethnic group in the United States is 5) _______
A) Asian Americans.
B) Latinos/Hispanics.
C) African Americans.
D) Austral-Asians.
E) American Indians and Alaska Natives.

6) The largest Hispanic/Latino groups in the United States are from which two countries? 6) _______
A) Cuba and Mexico
B) Guatemala and Mexico
C) Puerto Rico and Mexico
D) Dominican Republic and Cuba
E) Puerto Rico and Cuba

7) The largest numbers of Asian Americans are descended from immigrants from 7) _______
A) China.
B) Vietnam.
C) Korea.
D) Japan.
E) the Philippines.

8) President Barack Obama is a good example of the 8) _______
A) confusion over ethnicity and race in Kenya.
B) natural and biological basis for classifying humans.
C) principle of the distribution of persons of color.
D) complexity of ethnic identity in the United States.
E) complexity of Asian American identity in the United States.
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9) Asian Americans are clustered in what area of the United States? 9) _______
A) West B) Plains states C) Northeast D) Southwest E) Southeast

10) Los Angeles has what kind of ethnic distribution? 10) ______
A) diverse B) inverted C) contiguous D) clustered E) dispersed

11) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States? ______
A) change to sharecropping
B) relocation to northern cities
C) relocation to coastal cities
D) movement out of inner-cities
E) rural to urban within the state

12) Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States? ______
A) relocation to coastal cities
B) rural to urban within the state
C) relocation to northern cities
D) movement out of inner-cities
E) change to sharecropping

13) An examination of the distribution of ethnicities in the United States reveals 13) ______
A) ethnic groups tend to cluster in urban areas and in different U.S. regions.
B) ethnic neighborhoods contain a heterogeneous mix of ethnicities, even in cities that were once known for their patterns
of segregation.
C) segregation and exclusion are a thing of the past for nearly all U.S. ethnic groups.
D) different ethnicities cluster in each U.S. region.
E) ethnicities are not often clustered in urban areas.

14) As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships bound for Europe carried 14) ______
A) cloth and trinkets.
B) gold and silver.
C) rum and molasses.
D) slaves and molasses.
E) slaves.

15) After World War II ended, millions of people were forced to migrate because of 15) ______
A) changes in the boundaries of states.
B) Soviet repatriation of Gypsies and Jews.
C) counterattacks by the Allies.
D) German expansion.
E) the return of defeated German soldiers to their homes.

16) African Americans migrated out of the U.S. South partly as a consequence of 16) ______
A) increasing opportunities to work in northern coal mines and the California gold rush.
B) the development of better airports, allowing for rapid and efficient travel.
C) increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased demand for farm labor.
D) the growth of agriculture in the U.S. North.
E) the removal of travel visa requirements for people of color.


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17) From 1910 to 1950, population density of African Americans in ghettos 17) ______
A) decreased.
B) remained the same.
C) fluctuated.
D) briefly increased before decreasing.
E) increased.

18) What was apartheid? 18) ______
A) the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa
B) South Africa's governmental system
C) the geographic separation of races in South Africa
D) the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa
E) the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa

19) A racist believes in 19) ______
A) the superiority of some groups because of cultural identity.
B) the inferiority of some groups because of economic factors and the superiority of other groups because of political
affiliations.
C) the biological classification of people and the superiority of some groups over others on the basis of racial identity.
D) the equality of women and men regardless of ethnic or racial identity.
E) the biological classification of people along with an understanding that all human beings are one species and therefore
one extended family without any inherent differences.

20) Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau not consider a race? 20) ______
A) Japanese B) Hispanic/Latino C) Black D) Samoan E) White

21) People who were restricted by covenants in deeds included all of the following people in the United States except for
21) ______
A) Mexican Americans. B) Caucasians. C) Blacks. D) Roman Catholics. E) Jews.

22) The "separate but equal" doctrine in the United States was legally established by 22) ______
A) individual states.
B) Plessy v. Ferguson.
C) Brown v. Board of Education.
D) the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.
E) the Missouri Compromise.

23) The "separate but equal" doctrine of racial equality was accompanied by 23) ______
A) the end of the U.S. Civil War.
B) the required integration of schools.
C) the end of legal discrimination in the American South.
D) "Jim Crow" laws across the American South.
E) the abolition of discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants.

24) The Brown v. Board of Education court decision ruled that 24) ______
A) separate facilities for blacks and whites were acceptable so long as they were of the same quality.
B) separate schools for blacks and whites were constitutional but separate drinking fountains were unconstitutional.
C) "white flight" was morally wrong and should be curtailed.
D) discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants were unconstitutional.
E) separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional.

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25) According to the United States Census Bureau, a Mexican American might also be considered a member of which
races? 25) ______
A) White only
B) Black, Mexican, or another
C) White, Guatemalan, or Mexican
D) Black, White, or another
E) Japanese, Cuban, or another

26) An example of white flight is the 26) ______
A) movement of whites from southern cities like New Orleans to western cities like Los Angeles.
B) emigration of whites from central Los Angeles as blacks were arriving.
C) movement of whites from northern cities like Chicago and New York to southern cities.
D) decrease in the percent of whites remaining in the Southeast because of black migration from the Southeast.
E) establishment of suburbs around Los Angeles.

27) Which pair of concepts or entities from South Africa and the United States is the best match? 27) ______
A) apartheid U.S. Libertarian Party.
B) apartheid "Jim Crow" laws
C) homelands blockbusting
D) South African Nationalist Party U.S. Tea Party
E) Nelson Mandela white flight

28) South Africa is the only state in southern Africa that 28) ______
A) is completely landlocked.
B) first elected a Black as president during the 1990s.
C) still practices apartheid despite efforts to end the practice.
D) has a large Italian minority population.
E) signed the Law of the Sea despite concerns over ethnic segregation.

29) Ethnic identity for U.S. descendants of European immigrants is primarily preserved through 29) ______
A) religion and food.
B) neighborhoods and locations.
C) political affiliation.
D) schools and education.
E) language.

30) A nationality is 30) ______
A) a country.
B) ethnic identity.
C) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
D) any cohesive group of people.
E) any group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.

31) The key elements of nationalism include all but 31) ______
A) state symbols.
B) shared attitudes.
C) common culture.
D) political structure.
E) shared emotions.


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32) The concept that nationalities have the right to govern themselves is known as the right of 32) ______
A) ethnic identity. B) nation-state. C) centripetal force. D) self-determination. E) sovereignty.

33) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is 33) ______
A) state. B) nation-state. C) nationalism. D) nation. E) multiculturalism.

34) Before its breakup the Soviet Union was the largest ________ state. 34) ______
A) multiethnic B) national C) multinational D) rightwing fascist E) "state's rights"

35) Which describes the nationality of someone who gives allegiance to the United Kingdom? 35) ______
A) Welsh B) English C) Irish D) Saxon E) British

36) Large-scale migration occurred in South Asia after 1947 primarily because of the 36) ______
A) failure of the monsoon rains.
B) new mobility provided by railway construction.
C) boat people.
D) communist victory.
E) separation of religious groups.

37) Until it was forced to withdraw its troops in 2005, most of Lebanon was controlled by 37) ______
A) Egypt. B) Syria. C) Jordan. D) Israel. E) Iran.

38) An example of a nationality might be 38) ______
A) a group of Ojibwa Indians touring around Europe.
B) the Nazi Party within Germany in the 1930s.
C) a number of Cherokee students living in diverse cities around North America.
D) a group of Methodist preachers who are now living in various Southern states.
E) a group of Cherokee Indians living on a reservation.

39) Denmark is a good example of a nation-state because 39) ______
A) the people living on the Faeroe islands, which are controlled by Denmark, speak Faeroese.
B) Danish and German nationalities intermingle in Schleswig-Holstein.
C) it is an independent country that is a member of the United Nations.
D) nearly the entire population are ethnic Danes who speak Danish.
E) Denmark consolidated its boundaries by giving Greenland to Norway.

40) Which of the following is not a strong centripetal force in the United States? 40) ______
A) "The Star Spangled Banner"
B) network television
C) the many ethnic groups living in the United States
D) baseball
E) the U.S. flag

41) Which of the following is likely the least or weakest centripetal force in the United States? 41) ______
A) ABC, NBC, CBS, and other network television
B) Internet content available from around the world
C) lessons about civic responsibility in the public school system
D) "The Star Spangled Banner" being sung at baseball games
E) the U.S. flag flying in different ethnic neighborhoods


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42) When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he probably appeals to concepts of
shared 42) ______
A) ethnicity. B) nationality. C) gender. D) chauvinism. E) race.

43) For the former Soviet Union, which of these was the most important centripetal device? 43) ______
A) the Eastern Orthodox religion
B) appeals to shared notions of the "white race"
C) appeals through stirring nationalistic music
D) the Russian language
E) appeals to shared ethnicity

44) In 1947 a Muslim family living in central India likely felt pressure to migrate 44) ______
A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.
B) to northern India and then to China.
C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.
D) to a large city such as New Delhi.
E) to the northwestern border and then to Pakistan.

45) In 1947 a Hindu family living in Pakistan or northwestern India likely felt pressure to migrate 45) ______
A) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.
B) to a large city such as New Delhi.
C) to the south, southeast, or east toward Muslim-controlled areas.
D) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.
E) to the south, southeast, or east away from Muslim-controlled areas.

46) The Kurds 46) ______
A) are a group which long ago migrated from Anatolia to the Balkans.
B) have a large population but are divided among enough countries that they are a minority in every one.
C) are not targeted as potential rebels by the Turkish government.
D) have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain an ethnicity.
E) are living in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.

47) Sri Lanka has continuing ethnic conflict between 47) ______
A) Sinhalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus.
B) Dravidian animists and Hindu rebels.
C) Hutus and Tutsis.
D) Jacobites and Assyrians.
E) Urdu separatists and Kashmir rebels.

48) The Lebanese civil war resulted when the country broke down because of 48) ______
A) ethnic groups, some of which were supported by Israel.
B) changes in the majority between religious groups.
C) independent armies vying for control of the highlands.
D) religious groups and the traditional animosities between Christians and Muslims, in particular.
E) famine.

49) Ethnicities in the same country come into conflict partly because 49) ______
A) they have conflicting traditions of self-rule. B) their national identity is shared.
C) minority ethnicities are officially recognized. D) they share a language.
E) the national wealth is evenly distributed.

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50) Neighborhood changes in ethnicity are sometimes caused by the illegal practice of 50) ______
A) segregation. B) blockbusting. C) self-identification. D) separate but equal. E) white flight.

51) Traditionally, the most important unit of African society was the 51) ______
A) state. B) kingdom. C) caliphate. D) tribe. E) nation.

52) Most of the conflict in Africa is widespread because of 52) ______
A) numerous ethnic groups living in perpetual peace and understanding.
B) gradual economic development favoring the poor over the rich.
C) colonial boundaries in the midst of numerous ethnic and national groups.
D) colonial boundaries clearly demarcating the various ethnic and national populations.
E) rapid economic development for the poor at the expense of the rich.

53) Balkanization refers to 53) ______
A) the creation of nation-states in southeastern Europe.
B) ethnic cleansing.
C) religions splintering into opposing groups.
D) a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into states.
E) the breakdown of a state due to conflicts among nationalities.

54) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by 54) ______
A) NATO.
B) espionage by Russian agents.
C) the assassination in Sarajevo of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
D) rivalries among nationalities.
E) ethnic cleansing.

55) The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the 55) ______
A) number of nationalities.
B) common economic interests.
C) religion.
D) language.
E) conflict with Turkey.

56) NATO planes flying high over former Yugoslavia during the civil war provided information later used for geographic
interpretation to 56) ______

A) identify strategic objectives for ground forces.
B) plan the future boundaries of the newly formed countries.
C) establish a permanent peace in the region.
D) document acts of ethnic cleansing by Serbs.
E) drop "smart" bombs on selected targets.

57) Race is often described as 57) ______
A) defined by statute in most U.S. states.
B) being characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino.
C) identification with a group that purports to share a biological ancestor.
D) evenly distributed around the world, independent of ethnicity.
E) determinable from physical characteristics such as the exact shape of a person's face or head.


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58) One reason for forced migration in Ethiopia was the 58) ______
A) communist takeover of the government.
B) civil war with the Eritreans.
C) annexation of Somaliland.
D) war with the United Kingdom.
E) invasion by the United States.

59) As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of 59) ______
A) Darfur. B) Eritrea. C) Oromo. D) Amhara. E) Tigre.

60) The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called 60) ______
A) war.
B) racism.
C) ethnic cleansing.
D) migrational push factors.
E) white flight.



61) By interpreting this map, we can surmise that in the Hispanic population 61) ______
A) in Florida, there is more of a concentration in the northern part of the state.
B) in California, there is more of a concentration in the northern part of the state.
C) in Idaho, there are roughly equal concentrations in the northern and southern parts of the state.
D) in Idaho, there is more of a concentration in the southern part of the state.
E) hardly any live in the northwestern United States.

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62) By interpreting this map, we surmise that in the African American population 62) ______
A) in Illinois, nearly all are distributed in the southern part of the state.
B) in Nevada, there are roughly equal concentrations in the northern and southern parts of the state.
C) in California, there is more of a concentration in the northern part of the state.
D) in Arkansas, there is more of a concentration in the southern part of the state.
E) in Florida, there is more of a concentration in the western part of the state.



63) Evaluating this map, we can determine that 63) ______
A) Latinos are mainly concentrated in the northwest, southwest, and northeast.
B) more than 95 percent of Latinos live in the southwestern United States.
C) only 10 percent of Latinos live in the southwest.
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D) Latinos are concentrated only in the largest cities.
E) Latinos live throughout the United States.

64) Latinos/Hispanics are clustered in what areas of the United States? 64) ______
A) Southwest, Southeast
B) cities
C) Pacific Northwest, Plains states
D) West, Southwest
E) Northeast, cities

65) The Kurds are likely 65) ______
A) clustered completely in Iraq.
B) divided among Iraq, Iran, and Syria.
C) in a new country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.
D) located in the Balkans.
E) divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
66) The trans-Atlantic slave trade was a kind of ________ migration.





67) South Africa enacted legal segregation called ________. Blacks were supposed to declare citizenship in a ________ and
move there. In 1991 the legal system was changed and ________ was elected president.





68) Why are nation-states generally stable states?






69) What are the four prominent national groups included in the United Kingdom?