Chemistry Unit test #1 Review

Chemical Change: ex. Bleaching clothes, digesting food

Change in color
Precipitate is formed
Gas produced
Heat, light or energy produced

Physical Change: ex. Crushing chalk, melting ice
Change that occurs only with the appearance

Homogenous mixture: cannot see the parts (water,
milk)
Heterogeneous mixture: can see all the parts (pizza)

Pure Substance element; cannot be broken down into smaller substances
Compound; two or more elements which are joined together

A
X =
Z

Protons: Atomic number
Neutrons: Mass- atomic #
Electrons: Atomic number

An isotope is an atom of the same element that has a different number of
neutrons (different masses).

Ex. Hydrogen has 3 Isotopes









Radioisotopes: an atom with an unstable nucleus
1. Alpha particle
2. Beta particle
3. Gamma ray
A part of the
column mixtures
A stands for: Atomic Number
Z stands for: Atomic Mass
X stands for: Element
1
1
2
1
Deuterium has an extra neutron
therefore it is heavier.

How are the properties of metals and non-metals different? Metals are more

reactive, they have higher melting and boiling points. Metals produce heat and
electricity more than non-metals do.

Metalloids are found under the staircase of the periodic table. They are semi
conductors, which means they are in-between metals and non-metals properties.

Noble gases are un reactive, they have a full number of electrons therefore they
dont need to give or take electrons.

Valence electrons are the number of electrons in the last outer most layers.

Ion: is an atom that has a charge
Cation: positive gives an electron
Anion: Negative receives an electron

Na x : has one electron when it gives that electron away it becomes a cation and
looks like this :

+1
[ Na ]

Variable Valences: example Cu has a charge of +1 and +2, depending on which
element it bonds with it will give either 1 or 2 electrons. If one number is darker
than the other, that means that oxidization number is more popular.

Nomenclature
1. Binary Compounds: Metal and non-metal
NaCl = Sodium Chloride
Lithium Fluoride= LiF

2. Binary Compounds: Metals with variable valences and non-metals
CuCl2 = Copper (II) chloride
Nickel (II) bromide = NiBr2

3.Binary Compounds: Two Non-Metals
Co2 = Carbon Dioxide
Silicon dioxide = SiO2

4.Compounds: With Polyatomic Ions
NH4Br = Ammonium Bromide
Potassium Hydroxide = KOH

Trends in the Periodic Table