Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N.

Subramanian
SOLUTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6

Exercise 6.1 (Design of vertical stirrups)

A rectangular beam of size 250 mm width and 500 mm effective depth is reinforced with 4 bars
of 25 mm diameter. Determine the required vertical shear reinforcement to resist factored shear
force of (i) 80kN, (ii) 300 kN, and (iii) 600 kN. Consider concrete of grade M 20 and steel of
grade Fe 415.

Solution

Case (i) V
u
= 80 kN
Nominal shear stress,
2 3
/ 64 . 0 ) 500 250 /( 10 80 ) /( mm N d b V
w u v
= = = t
For M 20 concrete
cmax
from Table 20 of the code = 2.8 N/mm
2
.
Area of tension steel = 4 # 25 = 4 x 490 = 1960 mm
2

% 568 . 1 ) 500 250 /( 1960 100 / 100 = = bd A
s

From Table 19 of the code, Design shear strength
2
/ 76 . 0 mm N
c
= t
max c c v
t t t < < but
c v
t t 5 . 0 >
u w c uc
V kN d b V > = = = 95 10 / 500 250 76 . 0
3
t = 80 kN
Hence only minimum reinforcement has to be provided
Consider 8 mm diameter-2 legged vertical stirrups ) 100 (
2
mm A
sv
= at spacing s
v
(clause 26.5.1.6
and 26.5.1.5)
b
f A
s
y sv
v
4 . 0
87 . 0
= = 361
) 250 4 . 0 (
415 100 87 . 0
=

mm
375 500 75 . 0 75 . 0
max
= = = d s
v
or 300 mm. Hence, s
vmax
= 300 mm
Hence provide 8 mm dia.-2 legged stirrups at a spacing of 300 mm

Using design aids:

Design of nominal shear is equivalent to designing section for a shear stress of 0.4 MPa
0 . 1
1000 50
500 250 4 . 0
=

=
d
V
us
kN/cm
From Table 62 of SP 16, use 2 legged- 8 mm dia. stirrups @ 350 mm c/c > s
vmax

Hence provide use 2 legged- 8 mm dia. stirrups @ 300 mm c/c

Case (ii) V
u
= 300 kN

Nominal shear stress
2 3
/ 4 . 2 ) 500 250 /( 10 300 ) /( mm N d b V
w u v
= = = t
Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian

cmax
from Case (i) = 2.8 N/mm
2
>
v
. Hence O.K.

c
from Case (i) = 0.76 N/mm
2

V
uc
=
c
b
w
d = 95 kN from Case (i) < V
u
= 300 kN
Hence shear reinforcement has to be provided
Consider 10 mm dia 2 legged vertical stirrups (A
sv
= 157 mm
2
)
From Clause 40.4(a)
) (
87 . 0
uc u
sv y
v
V V
d A f
s

=
3
10
) 95 300 (
500 157 415 87 . 0

=
= 138 mm
max v
s < = 300 mm
Hence 10 mm dia. -2 legged stirrups at a spacing of 135 mm c/c may be provided.


Using design aids:

cm kN
d
V
us
/ 1 . 4
50
) 95 300 (
=

=
From Table 62 of SP 16, use 10 mm dia. stirrups @ 135 mm C/C

Case (iii) V
u
= 600 kN

Nominal shear strength
2 3
/ 8 . 4 ) 500 250 /( 10 600 ) /( mm N d b V
w u v
= = = t

cmax
from Case (i) = 2.8 N/mm
2
< 4.8 N/mm
2


Hence the section is not sufficient to carry the applied shear. The section has to be modified (say
to 250 mm x 900 mm) and the design for shear may be carried out as shown above.


Exercise 6.2 (Design of bent-up bars as shear reinforcement)

A rectangular beam of section 250 mm width by 500 mm effective depth is reinforced with 4
Nos. 25 mm bars, out of which 2 bars are bent at the ends of the beam at 60
o
. Determine the
additional shear requirement required if the factored shear force at the critical section is 350 kN.
Consider concrete grade M 25 and steel of grade Fe 415.

Solution

Step 1: Nominal shear stress
V
u
= 350 kN
2
3
/ 8 . 2
500 250
10 350
mm N
d b
V
w
u
v
=

= = t

Step 2: Check for shear stress
568 . 1
500 250
100 1960 100
=

=
d b
A
p
w
s


Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian
From Table 19 of IS 456,
2
/ 754 . 0 mm N
c
= t
From Table 20 of IS 456,
2
max ,
/ 1 . 3 mm N
c
= t

v
>
c
but
v
<
cmax

Hence shear reinforcement has to be provided.

Step 3: Shear to be carried by steel V
s

kN V
s
75 . 255 10 500 250 ) 754 . 0 8 . 2 (
3
= =



Step 4: Shear resistance of bent-up bars
As per clause 40.4(c) of IS 456
o sin 87 . 0
sv y us
A f V =
=
3
10 60 sin 980 415 87 . 0


o
= 306.42 kN > 255.75/2 kN

The above results can also be obtained from Table 63 of SP 16, as below.

V
us
of single 25 dia. bar (Fe 415) bent at 60
o
= 153.48; hence for two bars = 306.96 kN.

These bars are effective over a distance of
mm d
o
788 ) 60 cot 1 ( 500 ) cot 1 ( = + = + o

Step 5: Additional vertical stirrups

As per clause 40.4 of IS 456 at least V
s
/2 should be provided by vertical stirrups.
Shear to be provided by vertical stirrups
kN V
us
88 . 127 75 . 255
2
1
' = =
cm kN
d
V
us
/ 56 . 2
50
88 . 127 '
= =
From Table 62 of SP 16, use additional 2 legged vertical stirrups of 8 mm dia. bars at 140 mm
c/c
Check: Max allowed spacing = 0.75 x 500 or 300 = 300 mm

Exercise 6.3 (Design of T- beam for shear)

A simply supported T-beam of 7.5 m span (c/c) is subjected to a factored dead load (including
self-weight) of 40 kN/m and a factored live load of 50 kN/m. Details of the section and bar cut-
offs are shown in Fig. 6.47. Design and detail the shear reinforcement using vertical stirrups.
Assume M 25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian


Fig. 6.47
Solution:

Step 1: Calculate the maximum shear force at critical section:
Factored D.L. of beam = 40 kN/m
Factored L.L. of beam = 50 kN/m
Factored shear force = 90 x 7.5/2 = 337.5 kN
Effective depth, d = 428 mm (given)
Shear force at critical section, i.e., at d from the face of the support
V
u
= 337.5/3.75 (3.75-0.150-0.428) = 285.48 kN
Note: Since it is a simply supported beam, the critical section for shear force, may also be
assumed at 428 mm from the support, as considered in Example 6.3 of the book.

Step 2: Calculate nominal shear stress

Nominal shear stress,
v
= V
u
/(b
w
d) = 285.48 x 10
3
/(250 x 428) = 2.67 N/mm
2


Step 3: Check for shear stresses

For M 25 concrete,
c,max
from Table 20 of code = 3.1 N/mm
2
>
v
Area of tension steel near support = 3 # 32 = 3 x 804 = 2412 mm
2

p
t
= 100A
s
/(bd) = 100 x 2412 /(250 x 428) = 2.25 %
Hence from Table 19 of the code,
Design shear strength of concrete, for M 25 concrete,
c
= 0.85 N/mm
2

v
>
c
<
c,max

Hence shear reinforcement has to be provided to carry a shear equal to V
u
-
c
bd.

Step 4: Design of shear reinforcement

Shear carried by concrete = 0.85 x 250 x 428 x 10
-3
= 90.95 kN
Consider 12 mm diameter 2 legged vertical stirrups (A
sv
= 226 mm
2
)
From Clause 40.4(a)
) (
87 . 0
uc u
sv y
v
V V
d A f
s

=
3
10
) 95 . 90 48 . 285 (
428 226 415 87 . 0

= = 179.5 mm
Maximum spacing = 0.75d (= 0.75 x 428 = 321 mm) or 300 mm
Hence provide 2 legged 12 mm stirrups at a spacing of 175 mm at the ends for a length of 1.5 m.
Shear force at 1. 5 m from the face of support
Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian
V
u
= 337.5/3.75 (3.75-1.5) = 202.5 kN

) (
87 . 0
uc u
sv y
v
V V
d A f
s

=
3
10
) 95 . 90 5 . 202 (
428 226 415 87 . 0

= = 313 mm

Hence provide 2 legged 12 mm stirrups at a spacing of 300 mm in the central 4.5 m of the beam
The details of shear reinforcement are provided as shown in the figure below.


Exercise 6.4 (Shear Resistance of a given beam)
Calculate the shear resistance of a beam of width 250 mm and effective depth 450 mm reinforced
with 4#22 mm bars at mid-span of which 2 bars are bent at the ends at 45
o
. The beam is provided
with shear reinforcement of 2 legged-10 mm dia. vertical stirrups throughout the beam at a
spacing of 220 mm c/c. M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel have been adopted.

Step 1:

Calculate
c

Tension steel at support, A
s
= 2 Nos of 22 mm = 720 mm
2
% 64 . 0
450 250
720 100 100
=

= =
d b
A
p
w
s
t

Step 2: Calculate shear strength

As per Table 19 of IS 456, for M25 concrete,
c
= 0.542 N/mm
2

Shear taken by concrete V
c
= 0.542 x 250 x 450 x 10
-3
= 60.97 kN

Step 3: Shear strength of vertical stirrups

Shear taken by stirrups (2-legged 10 mm @ 220 mm C/C)
Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian
d f
s
A
V
y
v
sv
s
87 . 0 = = kN 95 . 115 10 450 415 87 . 0
220
) 5 . 78 2 (
3
=

Step 4: Shear strength of bent-up bars

o sin ) 87 . 0 (
y sv s
f A V = = kN
o
82 . 183 10 45 sin ) 415 87 . 0 ( 720
3
=



Step 5: Total shear resistance of beam

V = 60.97 + 115.85 + 183.82 = 360.74 kN

Note that considerable shear is taken by bent up bars. However it is not advisable to provide bent
up bars alone due to the reasons discussed in the text.


Exercise 6.5 (Shear in Tapered Beam)

Design shear reinforcement for a tapered cantilever beam of span 3 m, having a section of 300
mm depth and 350 mm width at the free end, and 700 mm depth and 350 mm width at the
support (see Fig. 6.48). The beam has to support factored uniform load of 105 kN/m, including
self-weight. Assume an effective cover of 45 mm, Fe 415 steel and M 20 concrete.

Fig. 6.48

Solution

In cantilever, the critical section for shear may be taken at the support
Step1: Calculate SF and BM at critical section
S.F. at support, V = 105 x 3 = 315 kN
B.M. at support, M = 105 x 3
2
/2 = 472.5 kNm
Tan = 133 . 0
3000
300 700
=

With effective cover as 50 mm, the effective depth at support, d = 700 -50 = 650 mm

Step 2: Type of variation of B.M.
The B.M. increases numerically in the same direction as the depth of the section increases.
Hence, as per Clause 40.1.1 of IS 456
Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian
V
u
= V-(M/d) tan = 315 (472.5/0.65) x 0.133 = 218.32 kN

The shear design is similar to the other examples.

Step 3: shear stresses

Nominal shear stress,
v
= V
u
/(b
w
d)= 218.32 x 10
3
/(350 x 650) = 1.06 N/mm
2
Area of steel at the support = 5- #25

= 2450 mm
2
% 077 . 1
650 350
2450 100 100
=

= =
d b
A
p
w
s
t

For M20 concrete,
c
= 0.6354 N/mm
2
(Table 19 of IS 456);
c,max
= 2.8 N/mm
2
(Table 20 of IS
456)

v
>
c
<
c,max

Hence shear reinforcement has to be provided to carry a shear equal to V
u
- V
c


Step 4: Design of shear reinforcement

V
c
= 0.6354 x 350 x 650 x 10
-3
= 148.65 kN
Stirrups has to be provided for V
s
= 218.32 - 148.65 = 69.67 kN
V
s
/d = 69.67/65 = 1.072 kN/cm
Hence from Table 62 of SP 16, adopt 2-legged 8 mm dia. stirrups at 300 mm c/c.


Exercise 6.6 (Shear in curtailed steel locations)

Consider the cantilever beam of Exercise 6.6 and design shear reinforcement at 1 m from the free
end, if the longitudinal reinforcement of 5 # 25 bars is curtailed to 2 # 25 bars.

Solution

Step 1: Calculate SF and BM at the section
Shear force, V = 105 x 1 = 105 kN
Bending moment, M = 105 x 1
2
/2 = 52.5 kNm
Tan = 0.133 (from Exercise 6.5)
Effective depth at this section = 250 + (650 - 250)/3 1 = 383.3 mm

Step 2: Type of variation of B.M.
The B.M. increases numerically in the same direction as the depth of the section increases.
Hence, as per Clause 40.1.1 of IS 456
V
u
= V-(M/d) tan = 105 (52.5/0.383) x 0.133 = 86.77 kN

Step 3: shear stresses
Nominal shear stress,
v
= V
u
/(b
w
d)= 86.77 x 10
3
/(350 x 383.3) = 0.646 N/mm
2
% 73 . 0
3 . 383 350
490 2 100 100
=

= =
d b
A
p
w
s
t

Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian
For M20 concrete,
c
= 0.556 N/mm
2
(Table 19 of IS 456);
c,max
= 2.8 N/mm
2
(Table 20 of IS
456)

v
>
c
<
c,max

Hence shear reinforcement has to be provided to carry a shear equal to V
u
- V
c


Step 4: Design of shear reinforcement

V
c
= 0.556 x 350 x 383.30 x 10
-3
= 74.59 kN
Stirrups has to be provided for V
s
= 86.77- 74.59 = 12.18 kN
V
s
/d = 12.18/38.33 = 0.318 kN/cm
Hence from Table 62 of SP 16, 2-legged 8 mm dia. stirrups at 300 mm c/c are sufficient.
Spacing should not exceed 0.75 x 383.3 = 287.5. Hence adopt 2-legged 8 mm dia. stirrups at 285
mm c/c throughout the beam.

Step 5: Extra stirrup at cut-off

(a) As per clause 26.2.3.2 (a) of IS 456 the shear at cut-off point should not exceed 2/3(V
c
+V
s
)
V
s
of 2-legged 8 mm dia. stirrups at 285 mm c/c
d f
s
A
V
y
v
sv
s
87 . 0 = = kN 85 . 48 10 3 . 383 415 87 . 0
285
) 3 . 50 2 (
3
=

Hence 2/3(V
c
+V
s
) = 2/3(74.59 + 48.85) = 82.3 kN
V
u
= 86.77 > 82.3

Hence Provide 2-legged 8 mm dia. stirrups at 165 mm c/c; Using Table 62 of SP 16, V
s
= 2.202
x 38.33 = 84.4 kN.

The designed shear reinforcements are shown in Fig. 6.49

Fig. 6.49







Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian
Exercise 6.7 (Shear strength when shear and axial force are present)

A rectangular beam of section 300 mm width by 450 mm effective depth is reinforced with 5
Nos. 22 mm bars and is made of concrete grade M 30 and steel of grade Fe 415. Determine the
shear strength of concrete, if (a) a compressive force of 125 kN is acting on the beam (b) a
tensile force of 80 kN is acting on the beam.

Solution

(a) Compressive force of 125 kN
For M 30 concrete
cmax
from Table 20 of the code = 3.1 N/mm
2
.
Area of tension steel = 5 # 22 = 5 x 380 = 1900 mm
2

% 407 . 1 ) 450 300 /( 1900 100 / 100 = = bd A
s

From Table 19 of the code, for M30 concrete, Design shear strength
2
/ 741 . 0 mm N
c
= t
kN d b V
w c uc
100 10 / 450 300 741 . 0
3
= = =t

Assuming an effective cover of 50 mm, D = 450 + 50 = 500 mm
The augmentation factor due to compressive force as per clause 40.2.2 is
5 . 1 083 . 1
30 500 300
10 125 3
1
3
1
3
s =


+ = + =
ck g
u
f A
P
o ; Hence V
c
= 1.083 x 100 = 108.3 kN
(b) Tensile force of 80 kN
The reduced shear strength as per ACI 318 formula is
d b f
A
P
V
w ck
g
u
c
)
29 . 0
1 ( 15 . 0 =
3
3
10 450 300 30 0 . 1 )
500 300
10 80 29 . 0
1 ( 15 . 0

= = 93.76 kN

Exercise 6.8 (Shear friction)

Design the bearing of a precast beam of size 300 mm width and 550 mm depth to resist a support
reaction of V
u
= 340 kN applied to a 75 x 75 x6 mm steel angle as shown in Fig. 6.46. Assume a
horizontal reaction, N
u
, of 20% of the vertical reaction, owing to restrained volume change, or 68
kN. Assume M 25 concrete and Fe 415 steel


Design of RC Structures Oxford University Press India DR. N. Subramanian
Fig. 6.50 Two possible cracks at the end of precast beam


Solution:

Let us first assume a crack at 20
o
initiated at 100 mm at the end of the beam as shown in Fig.
6.50. Required A
vf
as per shear-friction theory

2
3
6 . 786
415 4 . 1 75 . 0
10 ) 342 . 0 68 9396 . 0 340 ( 20 sin 20 cos
m
f
N V
A
y
o
u
o
u
vf
=

+
=
+
=

Use 4 numbers 16 dia. bars (area = 804 mm
2
), which are to be welded to the base angle at an
angle of 15
o
with the bottom face of the beam and extended into the beam to a length of 645 mm
(development length as per Clause 26.2.1 of IS 456 for M 25).

As per clause 11.6 of the ACI code, the design strength is V
sn
( = 0.75) and to avoid failure
of concrete by crushing, external shear should not exceed the smallest of 0.16f
ck
A, and 5.5A
c

MPa , where A
c
is area of concrete section resisting shear transfer.
Area of concrete A
c
=
o
20 sin
100
300 =87,714 mm
2

V
n
= 0.16f
ck
A = 0.16 x 25 x 87, 714/1000 = 351 kN or 5.5 x 87,714/1000 = 482 kN
The design strength = 0.75 x 351 = 263.3 kN
Applied shear, V
u
= 340 cos 20 + 68 sin 20 = 342 kN > 263.3 kN; not safe. Hence the width of
the beam has to be increased to 400 mm.

Let us consider another crack as shown in Fig. 6.50(b), which may result if the entire anchorage
pulls out of the beam horizontally.

For this case, A
sh
= 740
4 . 1 75 . 0
966 . 0 804
15 cos
=

=
y
o
y vf
f
f A

mm
2

Provide 4 numbers of 2-legged 12 mm dia. hoops with area = 904 mm
2