PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

PRACTICE 6.1.4D
iv) Use multiplication rule (4P1) X (3P1) X (3P1)
iv) Use multiplication rule
ii) Fill the last line with the possibles odd
numbers
3P1
ii) Fill the last line with the possibles even
numbers
How many 4-digit even numbers can be formed by using 3, 4, 6, 8 ,9
without repetion?
Steps Solution
i) Form three empty boxes
iii) Fill the rest boxes with the possibles
remaining numbers
4P1 3P1 2P1 3P1
(4P1) X (3P1) X (2P1) X (3P1)
v) Find the numbers of odd numbers those can
be formed ( use calculator )
v) Find the numbers of odd numbers
those can be formed ( use calculator )
36
72
6.1.4 Permutation of n different objects for given conditions
i) Form four empty boxes
PRACTICE 6.1.4A
How many 3-digit odd numbers can be formed by using the digits
3, 4, 5, 6 ,7 without repetition?
Steps Solution
3P1
iii) Fill the rest boxes with the possibles
remaining numbers
4P1 3P1 3P1
PRACTICE 6.1.4B
PRACTICE 6.1.4C
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Solution
Answer: 48
PRACTICE 6.1.3A
6.1.3 Permutations of n different objects taken r at a time
PRACTICE 6.1.3B
iv) Use multiplication rule X
v) Find the numbers of odd numbers those can
be formed
4
How many 5-digit odd numbers can be formed by using the digits 1, 2, 4,
7, 8 without repetition?
i) Form two empty boxes
ii) Fill the last line with the possible even
numbers

iii) Fill the rest boxes with the possibles
remaining numbers

Solution
How many 2-digit even numbers can be formed by using the digits 3, 5, 6,
7, 9 without repetition?
Steps
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
5P1 4P1 3P1
iii) Use multiplication rule
iv) Find the numbers of odd numbers those can
be formed
i) Form 5 empty lines ( according the
pattern digit required )
ii) Fill in the empty lines with the possibles
numbers
i) Form 3 empty lines ( according the pattern
digit required )
ii) Fill in the empty lines with the
possibles numbers
iii) Use multiplication rule
iv) Find the numbers of odd numbers
those can be formed
Calculate the number of 3-digit that can be form from the digits 3, 4, 7, 8, 9
without repetition
Steps Solution
Calculate the number of 5-digit that can be form from the digit 1 to 9
without repetitions
Steps Solution
5P1 X 4P1 X 3P1
60 15 120
PRACTICE 6.1.3D
In how many different ways can the letters in the word 'METHOD' be
arranged in a row without any repetition?
PRACTICE 6.1.3C
How many different 4 letter arrangements can be made from the letters of
the word 'COMPUTER' without repeating any of the letters?
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Solution
EXERCISE 6.1.3 EXERCISE 6.1.4
1) In how many ways can a 4- digit number be made using 1, 3, 5, 7, 9? 1)
2)
2)
i)
There are 10 pairs of trousers in the wardrobe. In how many ways
can you arrange 5 of them in a row?
Answer: 30 240
Answer: 720
Answer: 120
How many different odd numbers can be formed using the
digits 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. How many of these are less than 50
000?
ii) Fill in the empty lines with the possibles
numbers
iii) Use multiplication rule
iv) Find the numbers of odd numbers those can
be formed
1680
Steps Solution
i) Form 4 empty lines ( according the pattern
digit required )
Answer: 30
2 couples and 5 men are arranged in a line. Find the
numbers of ways of arranging them if
the two couples are next to each other and
husband and wife are together
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
3)
ii)
4) 3)
Answer: 60
6.2 COMBINATION
Note: PRACTICE 6.2.1B
n!
( n-r )! r!
n( n-1)(n-2)(n-r+1)
6.2.1 Combinations of r objects from n objects
PRACTICE 6.2.1A
i) Identify either to use P or C
The number of combinations of r events from n events = nCr
r!
look at the phrase of
" selections of"
Find the number of ways of selecting 3 cards out of 10 cards.
look at the phrase of "
selections of"
Steps Solution
i) Identify either to use P or C
ii) Identify the n of the question
iii) Identify the r of the question
iv) Substitute into the formulae
v) use calculator to figure out the answer
n =
r =
Solution
A small boy has 8 marbles of different colours. In how many ways
can he arrange 4 of them in a line?
Answer: 1680 Answer: i) 5760
ii) 14 400
the two couples are next to each other and
husband and wife are together
the men are always together.
Susan has 5 different water-colour: white, red, yellow, blue
and green. How many possible arrangements are there if 3
water - colour are selected and placed in a row
There are 15 toys in a box. How many selection of 5 different toys can a
child make?
120
Steps
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
6.1 PERMUTATION
6.1.1 The multiplication rule of counting PRACTICE 6.1.1B
PRACTICE 6.1.1A Amin has 5 shirts, 8 ties and 4 pairs of pants. How many dfferent
combinations of shirt, tie and pants can he wear?
ii ) Number of ties
iii) Number of pants
Steps Solution
i) Number of shirts Steps Solution
i) Number of caps
ii ) Number of T-shirts
3
5
iv) Substitute into the formulae
v) use calculator to figure out the answer 3003
15C5
Osman has 3 different caps, 5 different T-shirts and 4 different pairs of
pants. Find the number of different outfits that Osman can put on.
i) Identify either to use P or C
ii) Identify the n of the question
iii) Identify the r of the question
look at the phrase of
" selections of"
n = 15
r = 5
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
6.1.2: Permutation of n different objects
PRACTICE 6.1.2A PRACTICE 6.1.2B
160
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if all the
letters from the word 'BREAD' are to be arranged.
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if
all the letters from the word 'CHAPTER' are to be arranged.
iv) Multiplication rule
3 x 5 x 4
v) Answer 60
iv) Multiplication rule
4
v) Answer
iii) Number of pants
Steps Solution
i) Number of n 5
ii ) Number of r 5
5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 iv) Multiplication rule
v) Answer 120
Steps Solution
i) Number of n
ii ) Number of r
iv) Multiplication rule
v) Answer 5040
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
6.2.2 Combinations of r objects chosen from n objects for given condition
PRACTICE 6.2.2A
12C10
iii) Notice that, for every single pattern, we need to ADD each other
iv) Answer 24 541
The school prefects consists of 10 students. These students are chosen from 12 monitors and 10 assistant monitors.
Calculate the the number of ways to choose the prefects if the school prefects contains at least 8 monitors.
Solution
pattern 1: 8 monitors involved so that
only 2 assistant monitors can be
involved
pattern 2 : 9 monitors involved so that
only 1 assistant monitors can be
involved
pattern 3 : 10 monitors are all involved
so that no assistant monitors involved
12C8 X 10C2
12C9 X 8C1
Steps
i) Form 10 empty lines ( according the
pattern digit required )
ii) Determine the pattern can be formed
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
PRACTICE 6.2.2C
Solution
Answer: 60
PRACTICE 6.2.2B
Parent-Teacher committee, made up of 6 people is chosen from 7 parents, 4 teachers and a principle.In how many ways can the committee be formed if it contains
exactly 3 parents
Steps
i) Form 6 empty lines ( according the members of
committee required )
ii) Determine the pattern can be formed
Answer
A committee is made up of 5 people is chosen from 3-men and 6 women. Find the numbers of ways to form the committee if it
consists of 2 men only
pattern 1: 3 parents involved so
that the rest of 3 will be involved 5
person
7C3 X 5C3
350
Solution
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
EXERCISES 6.2.1 EXERCISES 6.2.2
Answer: 200
TRY OUT YOURSELF
PRACTICE 6.2.1C PRACTICE 6.2.1D
There are 10 students in a club . 4 boys are chosen from the group. In how
many ways can they be chosen if the president of the club must always be
chosen?
A school table tennis team is made up by 5 students which is to be chosen
from 6 boys and 5 girls. Find the numbers of ways to form the team so that
each team consists of 3 boys.
A canteen serves 8 types of food for lunch. A customer can choose
from 1 to 3 types of food for a certain price. Find the number of
different choices he can make with that price.
How many ways can a man choose 3 different serving of food from nasi
lemak , laksa, prawn noodles, roti canai, pizza, mi rebus and spaghetti?
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Answer : 92
v) use calculator to figure out the answer
iv) Substitute into the formulae
iii) Identify the r of the question
A canteen serves 8 types of food for lunch. A customer can choose
from 1 to 3 types of food for a certain price. Find the number of
different choices he can make with that price.
Steps Solution
i) Identify either to use P or C
ii) Identify the n of the question
Solution
How many ways can a man choose 3 different serving of food from nasi
lemak , laksa, prawn noodles, roti canai, pizza, mi rebus and spaghetti?
35
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
6.1
6.1.1 The multiplication rule of counting PRACTICE 6.1.1B
Note:
1 Multiplication rule:
2

Solution
6.1.2: Permutation of n different objects
v) Answer 160
i) Number of caps 3
ii ) Number of ties
ii ) Number of T-shirts 5
iii) Number of pants
PRACTICE 6.1.1A
Osman has 3 different caps, 5 different T-shirts and 4 different pairs of
pants. Find the number of different outfits that Osman can put on.
Steps Solution
PERMUTATION
i) Number of shirts
Steps Solution
PRACTICE 6.1.1C
A new car model is available with 5 choices of colours and 2 types of
engines. How many different variations of this car model are available?
v) Answer 60
If an operation A can be performed in m ways, a second
operation B can be performed in n ways, then the two
successive operations can be performed in m x n ways
Number of permutations of n objects =n!
Amin has 5 shirts, 8 ties and 4 pairs of pants. How many dfferent
combinations of shirt, tie and pants can he wear?
iii) Number of pants 4
iv) Multiplication rule
iv) Multiplication rule 3 x 5 x 4
Answer: 10
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
PRACTICE 6.1.2A PRACTICE 6.1.2B
PRACTICE 6.1.2C PRACTICE 6.1.2D
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if all
the letters from the word 'BREAD' are to be arranged.
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if all
the letters from the word 'CHAPTER' are to be arranged.
Steps Solution Steps Solution
i) Number of n 6 i) Number of n
ii ) Number of r 5 ii ) Number of r
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if all
the letters from the word 'FRIEND' are to be arranged.
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if all
the letters from the word 'ADVANCED' are to be arranged.
iv) Multiplication rule 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 iv) Multiplication rule
v) Answer 120 v) Answer 5040
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Answer: 40 320
EXERCISE 6.1.1 EXERCISE 6.1.2
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if all
the letters from the word 'FRIEND' are to be arranged.
Calculate the number of different arrangements that can be formed if all
the letters from the word 'ADVANCED' are to be arranged.
Steps Solution
iv) Multiplication rule
v) Answer 720
SOLUTION
i) Number of n
ii ) Number of r
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
PRACTICE 6.1.3A
6.1.3 Permutations of n different objects taken r at a time
PRACTICE 6.1.3B
Calculate the number of 3-digit that can be form from the digits 3, 4, 7,
8, 9 without repetition
Calculate the number of 5-digit that can be form from the digit 1 to 9
without repetitions
Steps Solution Steps Solution
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Solution
i) Form 3 empty lines ( according the
pattern digit required )
i) Form 5 empty lines ( according the
pattern digit required )
ii) Fill in the empty lines with the possibles
numbers
5P1 4P1 3P1
ii) Fill in the empty lines with the possibles
numbers
How many different 4 letter arrangements can be made from the letters
of the word 'COMPUTER' without repeating any of the letters?
In how many different ways can the letters in the word 'METHOD' be
arranged in a row without any repetition?
Steps Solution
iii) Use multiplication rule 5P1 X 4P1 X 3P1 iii) Use multiplication rule
iv) Find the numbers of odd numbers those
can be formed
60
iv) Find the numbers of odd numbers those
can be formed
15 120
i) Form 4 empty lines ( according the
pattern digit required )
ii) Fill in the empty lines with the possibles
numbers
PRACTICE 6.1.3C PRACTICE 6.1.3D
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
iv) Find the numbers of odd numbers those
can be formed
1680
Answer: 720
6.1.4 Permutation of n different objects for given conditions
iii) Use multiplication rule
i) Form three empty boxes i) Form four empty boxes
ii) Fill the last line with the possibles odd
numbers
3P1
ii) Fill the last line with the possibles even
numbers

3P1
How many 3-digit odd numbers can be formed by using the digits
3, 4, 5, 6 ,7 without repetition?
How many 4-digit even numbers can be formed by using 3, 4, 6, 8 ,9
without repetion?
Steps Solution Steps Solution
PRACTICE 6.1.4A PRACTICE 6.1.4B
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Solution
iii) Fill the rest boxes with the possibles
remaining numbers
4P1 3P1 3P1
iii) Fill the rest boxes with the possibles
remaining numbers
4P1 3P1 2P1 3P1
iv) Use multiplication rule (4P1) X (3P1) X (3P1)
iv) Use multiplication rule
(4P1) X (3P1) X (2P1) X
(3P1)
v) Find the numbers of odd numbers those
can be formed ( use calculator )
36
Steps Solution
i) Form two empty boxes
ii) Fill the last line with the possible even
numbers

v) Find the numbers of odd numbers those
can be formed ( use calculator )
72
PRACTICE 6.1.4C PRACTICE 6.1.4D
How many 2-digit even numbers can be formed by using the digits 3, 5,
6, 7, 9 without repetition?
How many 5-digit odd numbers can be formed by using the digits 1, 2,
4, 7, 8 without repetition?
iii) Fill the rest boxes with the possibles
remaining numbers

iv) Use multiplication rule X
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Answer: 48
EXERCISE 6.1.3 EXERCISE 6.1.4
1) In how many ways can a 4- digit number be made using 1, 3, 5, 7, 9? 1)
2)
2)
i)
3)
ii)
3)
How many different odd numbers can be formed using the
digits 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. How many of these are less than 50
000?
Answer: 120
Answer: 30
There are 10 pairs of trousers in the wardrobe. In how many
ways can you arrange 5 of them in a row?
2 couples and 5 men are arranged in a line. Find the numbers
of ways of arranging them if
Answer: 30 240
the two couples are next to each other and husband
and wife are together
iv) Use multiplication rule X
v) Find the numbers of odd numbers those
can be formed
4
A small boy has 8 marbles of different colours. In how many
ways can he arrange 4 of them in a line? the men are always together.
Answer: 1680 Answer: i) 5760
ii) 14 400
Susan has 5 different water-colour: white, red, yellow, blue
and green. How many possible arrangements are there if 3
water - colour are selected and placed in a row
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
Answer: 60
6.2 COMBINATION
Note: PRACTICE 6.2.1B
n!
( n-r )! r!
n( n-1)(n-2)(n-r+1)
6.2.1 Combinations of r objects from n objects
PRACTICE 6.2.1A
The number of combinations of r events from n events = nCr
Find the number of ways of selecting 3 cards out of 10 cards.
Steps Solution
i) Identify either to use P or C
look at the phrase of "
selections of"
v) use calculator to figure out the answer 120
There are 15 toys in a box. How many selection of 5 different toys can a
child make?
Steps Solution
i) Identify either to use P or C
look at the phrase of
" selections of"
r!
ii) Identify the n of the question n =
iii) Identify the r of the question r =
iv) Substitute into the formulae
v) use calculator to figure out the answer 3003
ii) Identify the n of the question n = 15
iii) Identify the r of the question r = 5
iv) Substitute into the formulae 15C5
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
PRACTICE 6.2.1C PRACTICE 6.2.1D
Answer : 92
6.2.2 Combinations of r objects chosen from n objects for given condition
PRACTICE 6.2.2A
How many ways can a man choose 3 different serving of food from nasi
lemak , laksa, prawn noodles, roti canai, pizza, mi rebus and spaghetti?
A canteen serves 8 types of food for lunch. A customer can choose from
1 to 3 types of food for a certain price. Find the number of different
choices he can make with that price.
v) use calculator to figure out the answer
35
Steps Solution
Solution
i) Identify either to use P or C
ii) Identify the n of the question
iii) Identify the r of the question
iv) Substitute into the formulae
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
The school prefects consists of 10 students. These students are chosen from 12 monitors and 10 assistant monitors.
Calculate the the number of ways to choose the prefects if the school prefects contains at least 8 monitors.
PRACTICE 6.2.2B
Parent-Teacher committee, made up of 6 people is chosen from 7 parents, 4 teachers and a principle.In how many ways can the committee be formed if it
contains exactly 3 parents
pattern 2 : 9 monitors involved so
that only 1 assistant monitors can
be involved
12C9 X 8C1
pattern 3 : 10 monitors are all
involved so that no assistant
monitors involved
12C10
Steps Solution
i) Form 10 empty lines ( according the
pattern digit required )
ii) Determine the pattern can be formed
pattern 1: 8 monitors involved so
that only 2 assistant monitors can
be involved
12C8 X 10C2
Steps Solution
i) Form 6 empty lines ( according the members of
committee required )
iii) Notice that, for every single pattern, we need to ADD each other
iv) Answer 24 541
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
PRACTICE 6.2.2C
Solution
Answer: 60
EXERCISES 6.2.1 EXERCISES 6.2.2
1
a) it contains 4 boys
b) it contains more boys than girls
Answer: 200
1
Answer 350
A committee is made up of 5 people is chosen from 3-men and 6 women. Find the numbers of ways to form the committee if it
consists of 2 men only
A school table tennis team is made up by 5 students which is to be
chosen from 6 boys and 5 girls. Find the numbers of ways to form the
team so that each team consists of 3 boys.
A team of squash players consists of 6 6 players is chosen from
8 boys and 6 girls. Find the number of ways to form the group
if
i) Form 6 empty lines ( according the members of
committee required )
ii) Determine the pattern can be formed
3 parents involved so that the rest of 3
will be involved 5 person
7C3 X 5C3
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
2 Answer : a) 1050
b) 1414
2
Answer: 120
Answer: 42
A 4-digit number is made up from the digit 2, 3, 4, 7, ang 9 .
Find the number of ways of getting an even number greater
than 3000
There are 10 students in a club . 4 boys are chosen from the group. In
how many ways can they be chosen if the president of the club must
always be chosen?