6/11/2014 An Analysis of the Voters behaviour in 16th Lok Sabha Election 2014

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19-MAY-2014
An Analysis of the Voters behaviour in 16th
Lok Sabha Election 2014
Suggested Readings: Article on Current Issues
The 16th Lok Sabha Election took the politics of India by stride when the
results were declared on 16 May 2014. In the Lok Sabha Election 2014,
main opposition party, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) swept a major portion
of the Lok Sabha seats with 282 and as a result, BJP-led NDA (National
Democratic Alliance) secured 334 seats out of total 543 seats of Lok
Sabha. On the other hand, UPA secured just 60 seats.
However, what remained the focal point of these elections was the voters
behaviour and changing trend of Indian politics.
Voting Behaviour- What Is It?
Voting behaviour is primarily a kind of political behaviour of majority of
voters in a country. By having a clear understanding of the voters
behaviour, it is easy to understand why and how the public decision-
makers make their decisions.
The political leaders, in order to influence or make predictions or
inferences regarding the behaviour of a voter, keep into considerations a
lot of factors. These factors include religion, culture, race, caste and
gender.
Voters behaviour in 16th Lok Sabha Election
Dominance of the dynasty politics, corruption, anti-incumbency, a Prime
Minister who failed to have communication with the people of India,
inflation, rising number of women-centric crimes and lack of proper
governance were some of the major factors affecting the voters behaviour
in 2014 Lok Sabha Elections.
However, broadly one can divide the factors affecting voters behaviour
under three heads, viz., emotional factors, Prime Minister Candidate, and
Media.
Emotional Factors affecting voters behaviour
It has been found that there are a range of factors that affect a voters
behaviour and some of these which affected the voters behaviour in the
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6/11/2014 An Analysis of the Voters behaviour in 16th Lok Sabha Election 2014
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16th Lok Sabha Election include:
Anger- Generating an emotion of anger among the voters regarding a
political party can help in generating votes for the other political party.
In the 16th LS Election, the anti-incumbency factor towards INC (Indian
National Congress) was so dominant in these elections that it was clearly
visible in the voters behaviour. BJP, in its campaign, understood and
channelized this anger in tapping more votes for their party.
Anxiety- Voters who face anxiety during the elections vote for those
candidates who manage to bring forth the effective manifesto of policies
and promises.
As the results of the Lok Sabha Elections 2014 showed that the voters felt
agitated and anxious towards INCs lack of offering any development or
even the hope of doing so. This automatically shifted the votes to the party
that effectively managed to market its Gujarat Model, and at the same
time, gave a hope along with confidence, of delivering equally efficient
model to the entire country.
Insecurity- In the studies conducted by Psychology experts, it has also
been found that insecurity among voters regarding their future as well as
safety and security of their life can play a pivotal role in their behaviour.
In the Lok Sabha Election 2014, it was clearly visible that the voters lost
confidence in the present Union Government, which shifted the voting
graph completely towards a party that are ready to offer everything that a
voter demanded.
Prime Ministerial Candidates affecting Voters Behaviour in 2014 Lok
Sabha Elections
The most drastic change observed in the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections was
that instead of being party-specific, the elections became person-specific.
In fact, it was this factor which became one of the most important factors in
the outcome of the 16th Lok Sabha Election. It was the rising popularity of
Narendra Modi as a decisive leader that overshadowed anti-incumbency
factor related to the UPA-II Government.
Medias Impact on Voters Behaviour
The media and its use in political campaigns also affect the voters
behaviour. The media was use at its best in the 16th Lok Sabha Election.
On the one hand, BJP led by Narendra Modi managed managed to
conceptualize his political campaign through social media and immediately
captured the youth of India. On the other hand Indian National Congress
led by Rahul Gandhi was found to be wanting on this count.
In the past or even in the present, no other political party has managed to
use the social media to engage a large population of youth, a section
which lacks interest in the politics of the country.

Conclusion
The primary difference between the past elections and the 2014 Lok
Sabha Elections was a societal behaviour shift. The graph took a deep
shift from traditional community boundaries like religion and caste, to the
more transparent factors such as economic status and geo-location.
Another crucial difference was a less relevant Hindu-Muslim division
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6/11/2014 An Analysis of the Voters behaviour in 16th Lok Sabha Election 2014
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6/11/2014 An Analysis of the Voters behaviour in 16th Lok Sabha Election 2014
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