DAILY LESSON PLAN

Subject : PHYSICS
Class
Date
Time
Venue
Attendance
Topic T!eme: CHAPTE" #$%: ELECT"O&A'NETIS&
Lea(nin) Objecti*es: 3.4 Analysing transformers
Lea(nin) Outcomes: A student is able to:
describe the structure and the operating principle of a simple transformer
compare and contrast a step-up and step-down transformer.
State that Vp / Vs = p /s for an ideal transformer
State that Vpp = Vss for an ideal transformer
!escribe the energy loses in a transformers
!escribe ways to impro"e the efficiency of a transformer
Sol"e the problems in"ol"ing transformers
P(e+(e,uisite: #. $lectromagnetic induction
%. magnetic effect of a current carrying conductor
-e. /o(ds: current& electric field
Peda)o).: 'onstructi"ism and demonstration

Values: (eing cooperati"e and being systematic
"e0lection:
Class:

Class:
Class:
Lea(nin)
Outcomes
Teac!e(1s Acti*ities Student 2 Acti*ities 3uestions and e4pected
ans5e(s Notes
Vocabula(.
!escribe
the structure
and the
operating
principle of a
simple
transformer
EN'A'E&ENT
)he teacher greets the students.
)he teacher as*s the students to
recall the lesson about
transformer that they had learnt in
form three.
A student comes to the front and
draws the basic structure of a simple
transformer.
): +ow are you,
S: -e are fine.
): .ow want to *now who
here has good memory
retention. Anybody here can
draw the basic structure of a
simple transformer, /lease
name the structure.
0name of the structure: primary
coil& soft iron core& secondary
coil1
/i(e coil-gegelung
dawai
P(ima(. coil-
gegelung primer
Seconda(. coil-
gegelung se*under
'ompare
and contrast a
step-up
transformer
and a step-
down
transformer.
E6PLO"ATION
#. )he teacher prepares an
acti"ity to the students.
%. )he teacher discusses the
answer with the students.
)he students do the tas* in the
wor*sheet.
): .ow want gi"e you a
wor*sheet about the
comparison between a step-up
transformer and a step-down
transformer 0wor*sheet #1.
/lease complete the wor*
sheet within 2 minutes.
S: 3es& teacher.
Step+up
t(ans0o(me(-
transformer in4a*
nai*
Step+do5n
t(ans0o(me(-
transformer in4a*
turun
State that
0Vp/Vs1=0.p/.s1
for an ideal
transformer.
State that
Vpp=Vss for an
ideal transformer
E6PLANATION
)he teacher discusses this formula.
)he teacher e5plains that power is
transferred from primary coil to the primary
coil.
)he teacher discusses
with the students
): -hat happens to the secondary
"oltage when the secondary coil is
more than the primary coil,
S: the secondary "oltage increases
accordingly.
): )herefore we can ma*e a
conclusion that the formula
0Vp/Vs1=0.p/.s1 applies.
): -hat is the 6uantity transferred
from primary coil to the secondary
coil,
S: /ower.
!escribe the
energy losses in a
transformer.
!escribe ways to
impro"e the efficiency
of a transformer.
ELA7O"ATION
)he teacher di"ides the students into fi"e
groups.
)he teacher gi"es wor*sheet % to the
students.
0the teacher can use the power point file
included in this module1
)he students do the
tas*s.
): $"eryone please split into fi"e
groups. /lease do the tas*s in
wor*sheet %. 3ou can discuss with
your friends.
Sol"e problems
in"ol"ing
transformer.
EVAL8ATION
)he teacher gi"es wor*sheet 3 to the
students.
)he students do the
tas*s.
): .ow& we are going to learn how to
sol"e problems. !o the e5ercises in
wor*sheet 3
)AS7-(AS$! 8$A9..: - /o(9s!eet :

Step-up
transformer
Step-down
transformer
Similarities
Differences
Function
Number of turns of Primary coil
versus
Number of turns of Secondary
coil
Input (primary) voltage
versus
Output (secondary) voltage
Input (primary) current
versus
Output (secondary) current
1 Consist of two terminals input and output
! "sed to moderate alternating current
/o(9s!eet :0)eacher;s answer sheet1
Step-up
transform
er
Step-down
transformer
Similarities
Differences
#owers voltage
of alternating
current
$aises voltage
of alternating
current Function
Number of
turns of
primary coil is
less t%an t%at
of secondary
coil
Number of turns
of primary coil
more t%an t%at of
secondary coil
Number of turns of Primary coil
versus
Number of turns of Secondary
coil
Output voltage
larger t%an
input voltage
Output voltage
smaller t%an
input voltage
Input (primary) voltage
versus
Output (secondary) voltage
Output current
larger t%an
input current
Output current
smaller t%an
input current
Input (primary) current
versus
Output (secondary) current
-or*sheet %
<atch the following energy losses& e5planation and how to reduce them.
$nergy 8osses $5planation +ow to 9educe $nergy
8osses
Heatin) E00ect
in t!e Coils
)he magnetic flu5 produced by
the primary current is not
completely lin*ed to the
secondary coil. )his lea*age of
magnetic flu5 means that some of
the input energy is not transferred
to the output of the transformer.
)his energy loss is
reduced by using soft iron
for the core. Soft iron
loses almost all its
magnetism when it is
demagnetised and it
re6uires little energy to be
magnetised.
Edd. cu((ents
in t!e I(on
Co(e
)he wire re6uired for a coil of
many turns is "ery long. -hen a
current flows in the coil& some
power is dissipated as heat.
)his loss can be reduced
by winding the secondary
and primary coils on top
of each other.
&a)netisation
and
Dema)netisati
on o0 t!e Co(e
)he changing magnetic field
causes the electrons in the soft
iron core to circulate around as
eddy currents. )hese eddy
currents produce heating in the
core and causes further loss of
power
)his loss can be reduced
by using thic*er wire
made of a good conductor
li*e copper
Lea9a)e o0
&a)netic ;lu4
)he core is continually
magnetised and demagnetised by
the changing magnetic field
produced by the alternating
current in the primary coil. )his
transforms some energy into heat
in the core.
$ddy currents are
reduced by using a
laminated core made up
of a number of thin iron
sheets glued together with
thin layers of insulation
between them. $ddy
currents are not able to
flow through the layers of
insulation.
-or*sheet % : Answer for teacher
$nergy 8osses $5planation +ow to 9educe $nergy
8osses
Heatin) E00ect in
t!e Coils
<:=
)he magnetic flu5 produced
by the primary current is not
completely lin*ed to the
secondary coil. )his lea*age
of magnetic flu5 means that
some of the input energy is
not transferred to the output
of the transformer.
<>=
)his energy loss is reduced
by using soft iron for the
core. Soft iron loses almost
all its magnetism when it is
demagnetised and it
re6uires little energy to be
magnetised.
<#=
Edd. cu((ents in
t!e I(on Co(e
<?=
)he wire re6uired for a coil
of many turns is "ery
long.-hen a current flows in
the coil& some power
isdissipated as heat.
<:=
)his loss can be reduced by
winding the secondary and
primary coils on top of each
other.
<>=
&a)netisation
and
Dema)netisation
o0 t!e Co(e
<#=
)he changing magnetic field
causes the electrons in the
soft iron core to circulate
around as eddy currents.
)hese eddy currents
produce heating in the core
and causes further loss of
power
<?=
)his loss can be reduced by
using thic*er wire made of a
good conductor li*e copper
<:=
Lea9a)e o0
&a)netic ;lu4
<>=
)he core is continually
magnetised and
demagnetised by the
changing magnetic field
produced by the alternating
current in the primary coil.
)his transforms some
energy into heat in the core.
<#=
$ddy currents are reduced
by using a laminated core
made up of a number of thin
iron sheets glued together
with thin layers of insulation
between them. $ddy
currents are not able to flow
through the layers of
insulation.
<?=
.
/o(9s!eet #
=:>9$ #
#. A light bulb labeled %4V #%- is connected to a step-down transformer as shown
in =igure #. )he light bulb lights up with normal brightness. f the transformer is
#??@ efficient& calculate
0a1 .umber of turns in the secondary coil
0b1 'urrent flowing in the primary coil
A
!iagram %
%. =igure % shows a #??@ efficient transformer with primary coil / and secondary
coil S. )he secondary coil S is connected to a resistor 9. )he ratio for the number
of turns in / to S is # : 2.
0a1 f the input "oltage across / is %.?V a.u& calculate the output "oltage across
9.
0b1 f the current flowing through / is 2.? A& calculate the current flowing through
the resistor 9.
0c1 'alculate the "alue of 9

FI&"$' !
!iagram 3
3. =igure 3 shows a transformer with %??? turns in the primary coil / and #?? turns
in the secondary coil S.
0a1 'alculate the output power at the B resistor.
0b1 f this transformer is C?@ efficient& calculate the input power.
0c1 'alculate the current flowing in the primary coil.
4. A transformer which is D?@ efficient is used to do wor*. )he input "oltage is %4V
and will produce energy #C? E s
-#
. 'alculate the "alue of current flowing in the
primary coil.
2. A transformer that is C?@ efficient is connected to an input "oltage V a.u.
0a1 f the output energy released per second is 4C? E& what is the "alue of the
electrical power supplied to this transformer ,
0b1 0i1 f the current flowing in the primary coil is %.2 A& what is the input
"oltage of this transformer ,
0ii1 f the current flowing in the secondary coil is #? A& what is the ratio of
number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the
secondary coil ,
FI&"$' (
/o(9s!eet # : Answers
#. 0a1 2??
0b1
!)
1
A
%. 0a1 #? V
0b1 #.? A
0c1 #?
3. 0a1 %4 -
0b1 3? -
0c1 ?.#%2 A
4. C.33 A
2. 0a1 B?? -
0b1 0i1 %4? V
0ii1 2 : #
.
:lossary
-ord )ransformer
!efinition )he apparatus for changing electrical force usually from one "oltage
to another.
9elated -ords /rimary& secondary& coil& number of turns& "oltage
)ypes Step-up transformer& step-down transformer.
'haracteristic Structural parts:
/rimary coil F a coil of wire that is connected to a source of
alternating current which "oltage will be changed by
transformer& hence pro"iding magnetic flu5
Secondary coil F a coil of wire in which the "oltage of the
original alternating current in the primary coil is stepped up or
down& by electromagnetic induction
Soft-iron core F the primary and secondary coils are wound on
iron-core
'oils ratio:
Step-up transformerF .umber of turns of secondary coil is less
than that of primary coil
Step-downF .umber of turns of secondary coil is more than
that of primary coil
Sentences A step-down transformer is connected to the %4? V main power
supply& deli"ers B? -att of power at %?V to a noteboo* computer.
:eneral
meaning