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The friction coefficient, l, of cork sliding on another material (glass and steel in most
experiments and also cork) was measured for various compressive stresses and sliding
velocities. There is a strong effect of stress and a negligible effect of velocity on the friction
coefficient. Values of l are in the range 0.4 to 1.2. The effect of moisture content of cork was
also evaluated. For dry cork (6% moisture content) there is anisotropy of the friction
coefficient related to the orientation of the sliding plane of cork, with larger values for sliding
in the tangential plane (compression in the radial direction) as compared to sliding in planes
perpendicular to this. At larger moisture contents, the anisotropy of l decreases. No in-plane
of sliding anisotropy was detected. The friction coefficients for sliding on glass and on steel
are comparable, but an effect of roughness was detected. The friction coefficients for sliding
on glass and on steel are comparable, but an effect of roughness was detected. The friction
against cork is large, with l close to unity. The interplay between the friction coefficient and
the compression properties of cork is discussed. 1998 Chapman & Hall
Figure 1 The cellular structure of cork: (a) section perpendicular to TA BLE I Compression properties of cork used in the friction
the radial direction (tangential section); (b) section containing the experiments
radial direction, which is vertical in the figure (scanning electron
microscopy). Moisture content 6% Moisture content 15%
Direction of
compression Radial Axial/tangential Radial Axial/tangential
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Figure 6 Variation of friction coefficient (against smooth glass) with
compressive stress. Compression in R-direction; sliding velocity:
1.33 m s~1.
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9. M. EM ÏLI A RO S A and M . A . F OR TE S , J. Mater. Sci. 23 15. M. A . FO RT E S , M . FÄ TIM A VA Z and S. C O U GH L AN , in
(1988) 879. Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Micromechanics
10. D. A TA CK and D . TA BO R, Proc. Roy. Soc. ¸ond A246 (1958) of Plasticity and Damage of Multiphase Materials, August
539. 1995, edited by A. Pineau and A. Zaoui (Kluwer Academic
11. K. G . M cL AR EN and D . TA B O R, Brit. J. Appl. Phys. 12 Publishers, The Netherlands, 1996) p. 355.
(1961) 118.
12. F. P. BO WD E N and D . TA B OR , in ‘‘The friction and lubrifi-
cation of solids’’ Part II (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1964).
13. Y. M U RA S E, J. Fac. Agr., Kyushu ºniv. 28 (1984) 147. Received 23 December 1996
14. D. M . M O O R E, in ‘‘Principles and applications of tribology’’ and accepted 17 December 1997
(Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1975).
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