Chapter 08 Question

New Biology – a modern approach 1
Chapter 8: Photosynthesis
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Structured Questions
Core Section
|!|EQA00800001|!|
Eric examined the cross section of a leaf under a microscope:
(i) Palisade mesophyll is near the upper epidermis. Describe how the structural adaptation and the position
of the palisade mesophyll are beneficial to plant nutrition. (3 marks)
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(ii) A and B are conducting tissues. Name the substance(s) that is/are conducted in
(1) tissue A. (2 marks)
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(2) tissue B. (1 mark)
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(iii) C is usually found on the lower surface of the leaf.
(1) State its function. (2 marks)
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(2) State ONE structural difference between C and D. (1 mark)
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© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 57
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(i) Palisade mesophyll contains more chloroplasts. (1 mark)
Located near the upper epidermis, the palisade mesophyll can receive the maximum amount of light.
(1 mark)
Thus the photosynthetic rate is faster. (1 mark)
(ii) (1) water and minerals (2 marks)
(2) food (1 mark)
(iii) (1) C controls the size of the stoma and (1 mark)
regulates the amount of gases passing through the stoma. (1 mark)
(2) C contains chloroplasts but D does not. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQA00800002|!|
Helen carried out the following experiment under bright light for five hours. At the beginning, the graduated
tube was completely filled with water. During this time, the water level in the graduated tube fell. Gas bubbles
appeared in the water. Graduated tube’s graduation is in cm3.
bright light
stopper
0
gas
10
20
graduated
tube 30
40
50
glass funnel, upside

down
pondweed
(i) (1) Name the gas in the gas bubbles. (1 mark)

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(2) Name the process in which the gas was formed. (1 mark)
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(3) Describe a test for this gas. (2 marks)
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(4) Calculate the rate of gas release by the pondweed. Show your working. (2 marks)
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(ii) Predict the change in the volume of gas collected if a water shrimp is introduced into the glass funnel
together with the pondweed. Explain. (3 marks)
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##
(i) (1) oxygen (1 mark)
(2) photosynthesis (1 mark)
(3) Use a glowing splint to test the gas. (1 mark)
If the splint relights, it is oxygen. (1 mark)
(4) Rate of gas evolution = 10 cm3/ 5 hours (1 mark)
= 2 cm3/ hour. (1 mark)
(ii) The volume of gas collected becomes reduced. (1 mark)
As the water shrimp requires energy for cell activities, it consumes some of the oxygen released by the
plant. (1 mark)
The oxygen is used to oxidise food to release energy. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQA00800003|!|
Complete the following paragraph with suitable words selected from the list below:
respiration nitrogen 21% 0.03% 78% producers consumers
photosynthesis constant changed variable oxygen carbon dioxide
Green plants carry out (i)_______________ and start the food chain. They are the (ii)_______________
and also form an important food supply to the organisms all over the world. During this process,
(iii)_______________is absorbed and (iv)_______________ is released into the atmosphere. It keeps the
composition of atmospheric air (v)_______________. The percentage of atmospheric oxygen is kept at about
(vi)_______________. Therefore, this process is very important in maintaining the oxygen and carbon
dioxide balance. (3 marks)
##
(i) photosynthesis (1/2 mark)
(ii) producers (1/2 mark)
(iii) carbon dioxide (1/2 mark)
(iv) oxygen (1/2 mark)
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(v) constant (1/2 mark)
(vi) 21% (1/2 mark)
_________
(3 marks)##
|!|EQA00800004|!|
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
THE LEAF FACTORY
Green leaves are usually in a position facing the sun and are supported by the stem and
roots, which bring up water from the soil. In the leaf, the light energy of sunshine is captured.
It is the leaf factory’s power. Sugars are built in the factory. Some of the factory products are
locally stored and some are exported out of the leaf as a stream of sugar that is transported
down the stem. There are ‘transport motorways’ to and from the leaf factory.
(i) (1) State the tissue for support. (1 mark)
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(2) Give another function of the tissue stated in (1). (1 mark)
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(ii) State the structural feature of the leaf cells which ensures capture of light energy. (1 mark)
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(iii) Name the raw materials needed by the leaf to synthesise the product. (2 marks)
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(iv) In what form is the product stored in the leaf? (1 mark)
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(v) Name the ‘transport motorways’ for the product. (1 mark)
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(vi) How can light energy convert water to products? (2 marks)
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##
(i) (1) xylem (1 mark)
(2) for carrying water and minerals (1 mark)
(ii) presence of chlorophyll (1 mark)
(iii) water and carbon dioxide (2 marks)
(iv) starch (1 mark)
(v) phloem (1 mark)
(vi) Light energy is used to split the water molecules. (1 mark)
It is changed to chemical energy which can be stored in the product molecule. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQB00800005|!|
* An investigation was carried out on the leaves detached from the same aquatic dicotyledonous plant.
Procedure 1: The dicotyledonous plant was left in a dark room for 48 hours.
Procedure 2: Six leaves were detached from the plant and each of them was placed in the set-ups shown below:
light-proof box
A B C D E F
Set-up Content
A distilled water
B boiled and cooled distilled water
C distilled water
D boiled and cooled distilled water
E 10% glucose solution
F boiled and cooled 10% glucose solution
Procedure 3: The set-ups were placed under sunlight for 8 hours.
Procedure 4: The six leaves were tested using iodine solution.
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(i) One more procedure should be carried out before procedure 2. Describe and explain the procedure.
(3 marks)
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(ii) Complete the table with √ or × to show the presence (√) or absence (×) of conditions in each set-up.
(3 marks)
Set-up Light Carbon dioxide Water
A
B
C
D
E
F
(iii) State the colour of each leaf after iodine test. Explain the results of set-ups E and F. (5 marks)
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(iv) Which set-up was used to show that
(1) light
(2) carbon dioxide
(3) water
is necessary for photosynthesis? (3 marks)
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(v) (1) Write a simple word equation for photosynthesis. (2 marks)
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(2) A condition in the equation is not mentioned in (iv). Name the condition. With reference to the
above set-ups, design a set-up used to show the importance of this condition for photosynthesis.
Illustrate your design with a labelled diagram. (3 marks)
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##
(i) Before procedure 2, one leaf / several leaves should be detached from the plant and iodine solution
was added to test for starch. (1 mark)
The purpose of this procedure was to ensure that the leaves used in the investigation were free of starch
(1 mark)
and all the starch detected at the end of the investigation was produced during the experiment.
(1 mark)
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(ii)
Set-up Light Carbon dioxide Water
A √ √ √
B √ × √
C × √ √
D × × √
E × √ √
F × × √
(3 marks)
(iii) A: blue black
B: brown
C: brown
D: brown
E: blue black
F: blue black (1/2 each) (3 marks)
In set-ups E and F, the glucose diffused into the leaves. (1 mark)
The leaf cells converted the glucose into starch, which gives a blue-black colour in iodine test.
(1 mark)
(iv) (1) A and C (1 mark)
(2) A and B (1 mark)
(3) none (1 mark)
(v) (1)
light
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen (2 marks)
chlorophyll
(2) The presence of chlorophyll
a variegated leaf
(the set-up is not placed in the
light-proof box)
distilled water
(3 marks)
___________
(19 marks)##
|!|EQB00800006|!|
* The following diagram shows the middle portion of a section through a leaf of a dicotyledon:
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(i) Name the cells in a leaf which can carry out photosynthesis. Explain your answer. (4 marks)
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(ii) Name the tissue which is responsible for the removal of the non-gaseous products of photosynthesis
from the leaf. (1 mark)
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(iii) There is more of structure M on the lower surface than the upper surface of the leaf. Describe a simple
method other than using a microscope to show this difference. (3 marks)
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(iv) A layer of E and F is peeled off and observed under a microscope. Draw a well-
labeled diagram to show structure M and the associated cells. (4 marks)
(v) State TWO environmental conditions which are most suitable for the opening of M. (2 marks)
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(vi) What is the importance of the air chambers to photosynthesis? (1 mark)
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(vii) Name gases X and Y when the leaf is placed under direct sunlight. (2 marks)
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(viii) State ONE reason why tissue C is distributed near the upper epidermis. (1 mark)
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##
(i) palisade cells, spongy cells and guard cells (3 marks)
These cells possess chloroplasts / chlorophyll (1 mark)
(ii) phloem (1 mark)
(iii) When pieces of anhydrous cobalt chloride paper (blue) are stuck onto both the upper and lower
epidermis, those attached to the lower side will turn pink first. This indicates that a larger number of M
is present on the lower surface.
OR
Immerse the leaf in a beaker of hot water. There are more air bubbles formed on the lower surface of
the leaf. (3 marks)
(iv)
A diagram showing structure M and the associated cells
Diagram (11/2 marks)

Title (1/2 mark)
Label (1/2 mark x 4) (4 marks)
(v) high light intensity, moderately high temperature and low relative humidity
(any two) (2 marks)
(vi) Carbon dioxide, which is the raw material for photosynthesis, diffuses through M and reaches the
mesophyll cells via the air chambers. (1 mark)
(vii) gas X – oxygen / water vapour (1 mark)
gas Y - carbon dioxide (1 mark)
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(viii) in order to obtain maximum illumination for carrying out photosynthesis (1 mark)
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(18 marks)##
|!|EQA00800007|!|
The photomicrograph below shows a piece of tissue taken from the leaf of a terrestrial plant:
(i) This piece of tissue has been immersed in tap water for ten minutes. Describe what changes
would be observed if it were then transferred to a concentrated sucrose solution? (2 marks)
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(ii) Explain your answer in (i). (2 marks)
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##
(i) The cells would appear to be flaccid (1 mark)
and the stomata would close. (1 mark)
(ii) The guard cells lost water by osmosis (1 mark)
because concentrated sucrose solution had a lower water potential than the cell sap of guard cells. (1
mark)
__________
(4 marks)##
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|!|EQB00800008|!|
* The following diagram shows an experimental set-up for testing a green leaf for starch:
test tube
alcohol
water bath
tripod
(i) Why should the test tube be heated in a water bath instead of heating directly with a Bunsen flame? (1
mark)
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(ii) What was the purpose of boiling the leaf in alcohol in this experiment? (1 mark)
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(iii) What treatment should be given to the leaf before boiling it in alcohol? What was the purpose of this
treatment? (3 marks)
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(iv) What treatment should be given to the leaf after boiling it in alcohol and before adding iodine solution?
What was the purpose of this treatment? (3 marks)
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(v) What would happen when iodine solution was added to the leaf at the end of this experiment?
(1 mark)
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(vi) State FOUR adaptations of a green leaf to carry out photosynthesis efficiently. (4 marks)
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(i) Direct heating would cause the vaporisation of alcohol and the vapour would catch fire. (1 mark)
(ii) to extract chlorophyll from the leaf / to decolourise the leaf (1 mark)
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(iii) The leaf should be boiled in water in order to (1 mark)
- kill the cells to stop all chemical reactions.
- burst the starch grains.
- make the cells more permeable to alcohol and iodine solution. (any two) (2 marks)
(iv) Put the leaf in hot water again (1 mark)
in order to remove the alcohol and soften the leaf. (2 marks)
(v) It would turn blue-black. (1 mark)
(vi) - large surface area to receive maximum sunlight (1 mark)
- abundant chloroplasts to trap light energy (1 mark)
- large number of stomata for obtaining carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (1 mark)
- well-developed xylem for supplying water for photosynthesis (1 mark)
(or any reasonable answers) ___________
(13 marks)##
|!|EQA00800009|!|
An experiment was carried out to investigate a certain biological process in green leaves. The apparatus was
set up as shown below. The colour of the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution was examined at 10-minute
intervals. The indicator solution was orange at the beginning of the experiment.
table lamp
leaf discs stopper
cotton
wool
water
trough
at 37℃
2 cm2 hydrogencarbonate indicator

Test tubes A B C D E
Diameter of leaf disc (mm) 5 10 15 20 --
Time required for the indicator 40 30 20 15 no change
to change colour (min.)
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(i) What colour was the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution at the end of the experiment? (1 mark)
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(ii) What biological process in the leaf discs caused the indicator to change colour? (1 mark)
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(iii) In which tube did the indicator change colour most rapidly? Explain your answer. (4 marks)
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(iv) Which tube would contain the largest amount of oxygen after 40 minutes? (1 mark)
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(v) If the table lamp was switched off for one hour, which tube (A to D) would contain the largest amount
of oxygen? What colour would the indicator in the test tubes change to? (2 marks)
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##
(i) purple (1 mark)
(ii) photosynthesis (1 mark)
(iii) tube D (1 mark)
The leaf disc in tube D had the largest surface area (1 mark)
and the highest rate of photosynthesis. (1 mark)
The carbon dioxide in the tube was absorbed rapidly by the leaf disc. (1 mark)
(iv) tube D (1 mark)
(v) tube A (1 mark)
yellow (1 mark)
__________
(9 marks)##
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|!|EQA00800010|!|
The following diagram shows an experimental set-up for investigating photosynthesis:
The plant Hydrilla was put under an inverted funnel. Bubbles of gas A were released from the end of the
Hydrilla shoot, and the numbers of bubbles evolved per minute under different light filters were recorded. The
results are shown as follows:
Type of light source Number of bubbles evolved per minute
Red light 52
Yellow light 4
Blue light 48
Green light 0
(i) Name gas A. (1 mark)
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(ii) How can you test for gas A? (1 mark)
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(iii) How can you supply carbon dioxide to the set-up other than pumping it directly into the water?
(1 mark)
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(iv) With reference to the results in the table, which colours in the spectrum were responsible for the
maximum rate of photosynthesis? (2 marks)
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(v) What would happen to the plants if only green light could reach the earth? (2 marks)
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(vi) Which would be affected first if only green light could reach the earth? Herbivores, carnivores or
omnivores? (1 mark)
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(vii) In the above experiment, we preferred an aquatic plant to a terrestrial plant. Why? (1 mark)
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(viii) What was the function of the wooden block in the experiment? (2 marks)
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##
(i) oxygen (1 mark)
(ii) It relights a glowing splint (1 mark)
(iii) adding sodium hydrogencarbonate into the water (1 mark)
(iv) red light and blue light (1 mark each) (2 marks)
(v) Photosynthesis would not occur. Green plants would show poor growth or even die. (2 marks)
(vi) herbivores (1 mark)
(vii) The rate of photosynthesis could be measured by counting the number of bubbles evolved (the rate of
oxygen evolved during photosynthesis). This is impossible when a terrestrial plant is used. (1
mark)
(viii) It allowed the continuous flowing of water into and out of the funnel so that carbon dioxide was able to
reach the Hydrilla. (2 marks)
___________
(11 marks)##
|!|EQA00800011|!|
Leaf discs were made from the leaves of a potted plant which had been placed in a dark room for two days.
Half of the leaf discs were immersed in distilled water while the other half were immersed in 10% glucose
solution. Both were left for one hour.
(i) Why should the plant be placed in a dark room before the experiment? (1 mark)
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(ii) If iodine test were carried out on the leaf discs in petri dishes A and B, what results would be expected?
(2 marks)
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(iii) How would you explain the results stated in (ii)? (3 marks)
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(iv) Where should the set-ups be placed during the experiment? (1 mark)
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(v) If leaf discs were boiled in water before putting into dish B, would the result be different? Why?
(2 marks)
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##
(i) In order to remove the starch in the leaves. / Destarch the leaves. (1 mark)
(ii) Leaf discs in A remained brown (1 mark)
while leaf discs in B turned blue-black. (1 mark)
(iii) In petri dish A, since starch had been removed, the leaf discs showed a negative result. (1 mark)
In petri dish B, glucose diffused into leaf tissues (1 mark)
and was converted to starch by the enzymes present in leaf cells, and therefore the colour turned blue-
black in the iodine test. (1 mark)
(iv) This experiment should be carried out in a dark room. (1 mark)
(v) Yes, the result would be different. The boiled leaf discs would remain brown in the iodine test because
the leaf cells were killed by the boiling water, (1 mark)
thus they failed to convert glucose to starch. (1 mark)
__________
(9 marks)##
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|!|EQB00800012|!|
* The following diagram illustrates the mechanism of photosynthesis. The rectangle represents a site in the cell
where photosynthesis occurs.
light light dark

energy reactions reactions
(i) A, B, C and D are the substances involved in photosynthesis. Name all of them. (4 marks)
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(ii) Name element E. (1 mark)
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(iii) Name the organelle in the cell represented by the rectangle. (1 mark)
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(iv) What laboratory technique can be used to prove that substance B originates from substance A?
(2 marks)
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(v) Name the part of the plant through which substance C enters into the plant. (1 mark)
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(vi) The light reactions occur during daytime or under artificial light. When do the dark reactions occur? (1
mark)
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##
(i) A - water
B - oxygen
C - carbon dioxide
D - glucose (carbohydrate) (1 mark each) (4 marks)
(ii) hydrogen (1 mark)
(iii) chloroplast (1 mark)
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(iv) Isotope labelling could be used. (1 mark)
When 18O isotope is used in water (A), it will appear in the oxygen released (B). (1 mark)
(v) stomata (1 mark)
(vi) any time just following the light reactions (Light is not essential for dark reactions.) (1 mark)
___________
(10 marks)##
|!|EQB00800013|!|
* An experiment was set up as follows in order to investigate the effects of light, carbon dioxide and
chlorophyll on photosynthesis. The leaf was detached from a destarched plant.
(i) Name liquid X and state its function. (2 marks)

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(ii) What further treatments should be carried out in order to test whether the leaf had carried out
photosynthesis? (4 marks)
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(iii) Draw a diagram to illustrate the colour change of the leaf after the treatments in (ii). (2 marks)
(iv) Explain the appearance of the leaf stated in (iii). (6 marks)

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(v) What was the function of the moist cotton wool? (1 mark)
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##
(i) Liquid X was sodium hydroxide solution / caustic soda solution. (1 mark)
It absorbs carbon dioxide. (1 mark)
(ii) Put the leaf in boiling water for a few minutes in order to kill the cells and burst the starch grains. (1
mark)
Put the leaf in boiling alcohol in order to decolourise the leaf / to remove the chlorophyll. (1 mark)
Dip the leaf in boiling water again to remove the alcohol / to soften the leaf. (1 mark)
Add iodine solution. (1 mark)
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(iii)
Colour change of the leaf after treatments

(2 marks)
(iv) Non-green part:
No chlorophyll was present (1 mark)
Photosynthesis did not take place.
Green part:
(1) outside the flask - This part contained chlorophyll. (1 mark)
Carbon dioxide and light were absorbed. (1 mark)
Photosynthesis took place. (1 mark)
(2) Sandwiched by the cork - Light was excluded. Photosynthesis did not take place. (1 mark)
(3) Inside the flask - Since carbon dioxide had been absorbed by sodium hydroxide solution,
photosynthesis did not take place. (1 mark)
(v) It supplied water to the leaf for photosynthesis / prevented the leaf from wilting. (1 mark)
___________
(15 marks)##
|!|EQA00800014|!|
Study the following diagram. The following experiment was carried out to show whether carbon dioxide is
necessary for photosynthesis:
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(i) What should be done to the plant before setting up the apparatus? Why? (2 marks)
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(ii) The above apparatus was not set up properly. Suggest, with a reason, ONE correction you would make
to improve the experiment. (2 marks)
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(iii) Which leaf (leaves) served as the control(s) in this experiment? (2 marks)
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(iv) At the end of the experiment, how can you test whether the plant has carried out photosynthesis?
Describe the method and the results of your test. (6 marks)
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##
(i) Put the plant in a dark room overnight or for two days. (1 mark)
This could destarch the plant / remove the starch from the leaves. (1 mark)
(ii) Replace the anhydrous calcium chloride with soda lime / sodium hydroxide solution (1 mark)
which can absorb carbon dioxide. (1 mark)
(iii) Leaves A and B were the controls in this experiment. (2 marks)
(iv) Put the leaf in boiling water for three minutes. (1 mark)
Then immerse the leaf in boiling alcohol. (1 mark)
Later, put the leaf in hot water again. (1 mark)
Finally, iodine solution is added onto the leaf. (1 mark)
Leaves A and B will turn blue-black. (1 mark)
Leaves C and D will be stained brown. (1 mark)
__________
(12 marks)##
|!|EQB00800015|!|
* The photomicrograph below shows a transverse section through a leaf of the water-lily:
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layer 1
4 layer 2
layer 3
structure 4
structure 5
500 μm layer 6
T.S. Leaf of water-lily
(i) (1) Name layers 1, 2, 3 and 6, respectively. (4 marks)

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(2) By comparing the leaf to a typical dicotyledonous leaf, which layer has a higher proportion in
thickness? (1 mark)
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(3) What is structure 4? State ONE function that is related to its habitat. (2 marks)
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(ii) State TWO external features of the leaf that allow it to carry out photosynthesis effectively. Explain
briefly. (4 marks)
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(iii) Name structure 5. (1 mark)
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(iv) Structure 5 is surrounded by a pair of cells. Name this pair of cells. State their difference from other cells
in the epidermis. (2 marks)
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(v) In the leaf of the water-lily, a layer of cuticle can be found only on layer 1 but not in layer 6. Explain this
phenomenon. (3 marks)
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##
(i) (1) Layer 1 -- upper epidermis
Layer 2 -- palisade mesophyll
Layer 3 -- spongy mesophyll
Layer 6 -- lower epidermis (4 marks)
(2) spongy mesophyll / layer 3 (1 mark)
(3) intercellular space (1 mark)
The space holds air within it in order to provide buoyancy for the leaf to float on water.
(1 mark)
(ii) The leaf is thin. (1 mark)
This allows gases and light to reach the mesophyll cells easily. (1 mark)
The leaf is broad. (1 mark)
This provides a large surface area for the absorption of sunlight. (1 mark)
(iii) stoma (1 mark)
(iv) guard cells (1 mark)
Unlike other cells in the epidermis, they contain chloroplasts (1 mark)
(v) For the leaf of water-lily, only the upper surface is exposed to air. (1 mark)
A layer of cuticle on the upper epidermis prevents excess water loss to the surroundings. (1 mark)
The lower surface which is submerged in water does not require the cuticle since there is no danger of
desiccation. (1 mark)
__________
(17 marks)##
Extension Section
|!|EQA00800016|!|
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The transverse section of a dicotyledonous leaf is shown below:
cell X
(i) With reference to the diagram, state TWO structural features which make the upper leaf surface usually
have a deeper green colour than the lower leaf surface. (2 marks)
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(ii) State ONE significance of the structural features stated in (i). (1 mark)
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(iii) Describe how cell X obtains essential materials to carry out photosynthesis. (6 marks)
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(iv) A photosynthetic product is converted to another substance and leaves the leaf through a structure in Y.
Name the substance and the structure. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(v) Describe and explain what will happen after the substance in (iv) reaches the fruit. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(vi) Describe how proteins are synthesised from a non-gaseous photosynthetic product. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) The cells in the upper surface contain more chloroplasts and are more closely packed than those on the
lower surface. (2 marks)
(ii) To obtain maximum amount of light for photosynthesis. (1 mark)
(iii) Water: mainly absorbed by roots from the soil and transported by xylem vessels (3 marks)
Carbon dioxide: mainly from the atmosphere by gaseous exchange (2 marks)
Respiration also provides some water and carbon dioxide. (1 mark)
(iv) the substance: sucrose
the structure: phloem (2 marks)
(v) Sucrose is converted to starch for energy storage since starch is insoluble in water.
(any reasonable answers) (2 marks)
(vi) Glucose combines with nitrates and sulphates obtained from the soil to form amino acids, which can
be used to synthesise proteins. (2 marks)
___________
(15 marks)##
|!|EQA00800017|!|
The following diagram illustrates an experiment to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis in Hydrilla:
Distance of lamp from the Hydrilla (cm) No. of gas bubbles produced per minute
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
10 30
15 27
20 24
25 20
30 17
40 11
50 6
60 2
(i) Plot the data on a piece of graph paper. (4 marks)
(ii) Describe and explain the graph plotted in (i). (3 marks)

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) What was the approximate number of gas bubbles produced per minute when the lamp was 45 cm from
the Hydrilla? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Suggest a reason for putting a narrow aquarium tank with water between the lamp and the plant.
(2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(v) Explain what would happen to the number of gas bubbles produced per minute by the Hydrilla if
(1) some ice were put into the beaker of water.
(2) carbon dioxide were added into the water.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(3) some snails were put into the beaker of water. (41/2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) The effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
Correct labels for axes (2 marks)

Correct plotting of any 6 points (1 mark)
Title (1 mark)
(ii) As the distance of the lamp from Hydrilla increased, the number of gas bubbles produced per minute
decreased. (1 mark)
This was because there was a reduction in light intensity. (1 mark)
Therefore, less light energy was provided for photosynthesis. (1 mark)
(iii) 8 (1 mark)
(iv) The heat released by the lamp was absorbed by the aquarium tank. Factors other than light should be
kept constant. (2 marks)
(v) (1) decrease (1/2 mark)
Photosynthetic rate decreases at low temperatures. (1 mark)
(2) increase (1/2 mark)
Carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis. (1 mark)
(3) increase (1/2 mark)
Snails release carbon dioxide during respiration. (1 mark)
___________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
(141/2 marks)##
|!|EQA00800018|!|
Mary picked two leaves of similar areas from the school garden. One was variegated. She put each leaf in a
test tube covered with a stopper in dim light for three hours. Then she increased the light intensity to a
moderate level. After one day, the two leaves were tested with iodine solution.
green green
white
Tube A Tube B
(with a green leaf) (with a variegated leaf)
(i) Predict and explain the change in the concentration of carbon dioxide in tube B. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Compare the concentration of carbon dioxide in tubes A and B. Explain your answer. (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Draw a labelled diagram to show the result of iodine test on the variegated leaf. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) The concentration of carbon dioxide decreases. (1 mark)
It is because an increase in light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis. (1 mark)
Carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis. (1 mark)
The leaf absorbed much carbon dioxide from the air inside the tube. (1 mark)
(ii) The concentration of carbon dioxide in tube B is higher than that in tube A (1 mark)
because the leaf in B contains less chloroplasts (1 mark)
and thus undergoes photosynthesis at a slower rate. (1 mark)
(iii)
Dark blue colour
Brown colour
Variegated leaf after iodine test

Correct title (1 mark)
Correct drawing and labels (1 mark)
__________
(9 marks)##
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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New Biology – a modern approach 1

glass funnel, upside

(i) (1) Name the gas in the gas bubbles. (1 mark)

(2) The presence of chlorophyll

A diagram showing structure M and the associated cells

Diagram (11/2 marks)

2 cm2 hydrogencarbonate indicator

light light dark

(i) Name liquid X and state its function. (2 marks)

(iv) Explain the appearance of the leaf stated in (iii). (6 marks)

Colour change of the leaf after treatments

T.S. Leaf of water-lily

(i) (1) Name layers 1, 2, 3 and 6, respectively. (4 marks)

(ii) Describe and explain the graph plotted in (i). (3 marks)

Correct labels for axes (2 marks)

Dark blue colour

Variegated leaf after iodine test

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