Chapter 23 Question

New Biology – a modern approach 3
Chapter 23: Growth and development

________________________________________________________________________________________
Structured Questions
Core Section
|!|EQA02300001|!|
Complete the following paragraph with suitable words selected from the list below:
DNA decrease mitosis division of labour cytoplasm complexity
meiosis increase differentiation sexual reproduction glycogen size
Growth is the irreversible (i)_________________ in dry mass.

As a zygote divides by (ii)_________________, a group of identical cells is formed. These cells become
specialized for particular functions within the organism, a process known as (iii)_________________. In
other words, (iv)_________________ occurs among the cells. This leads to an increase in
(v)_________________ of the organism.
The process of growth and development is controlled by its (vi)_________________ inside the nucleus.
(3 marks)
##
(i) increase (1/2 mark)
(ii) mitosis (1/2 mark)
(iii) differentiation (1/2 mark)
(iv) division of labour (1/2 mark)
(v) complexity (1/2 mark)
(vi) DNA (1/2 mark)
_________
(3 marks)##
|!|EQA02300002|!|
STS Connections
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT DURING ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is the period between the start of sexual growth and maturity. Rapid
development occurs as the body needs plenty of nourishment. Every individual is affected by
the adolescent growth spurt, though not all to an equal degree. Most of the spurt in height is in
the trunk.
Boys gain in muscle bulk but girls gain fat. Boys have wider shoulders and girls wider
hips. These are the differences between sexes. The bones stop growing in girls on average
before the age of sixteen, and in boys by eighteen. Some individuals continue to grow until
their early twenties.
(i) State a term used to describe the start of sexual growth. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 97
________________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Give a term used to describe the development of wider shoulders in boys and wider hips in girls.
(1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) State the significance of a wider hip in girls. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) In general, an adolescent needs about the same amount of food as a moderately heavy manual worker.
Explain. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(v) There is an increased need for the following food substances. For each, state ONE main use for the rapid
growth.
(1) Calcium (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) Iron (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3) Protein (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(4) Carbohydrate (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) puberty (1 mark)
(ii) secondary sexual characteristics (1 mark)
(iii) A preparation for future pregnancy. (1 mark)
(iv) Since the growth rate is the fastest, (1 mark)
much food is needed for energy release to support growth. (1 mark)
(v) (1) For making bones and teeth. (1 mark)
(2) For making haemoglobin. (1 mark)
(3) For making body tissues. (1 mark)
(4) For respiration to release energy. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQA02300003|!|
Angela planted 20 mung beans in the school garden. Only 15 germinated to become seedlings.
(i) Besides water and oxygen, state ONE factor necessary for seed germination. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Calculate the percentage of successful germination. Show your working. (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Describe how the seed uses the stored starch in germination. (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) The total number of cells in the seedling increases with time.
(1) State the type of cell division involved. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) Name the parts where the cell division mentioned in (1) takes place. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) warmth (1 mark)
(ii) Percentage = (15/20) x 100% (1 mark)
= 75% (1 mark)
(iii) The starch has to be hydrolyzed by enzyme to glucose. (1 mark)
The sugar is transported to the plumule and radicle (1 mark)
where oxidation takes place to release energy for growth. (1 mark)
(iv) (1) mitosis (1 mark)
(2) shoot tip and root tip (2 marks)
_________
(9 marks)##
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
|!|EQA02300004|!|
A pair of fraternal twins, Eric and Angel, is 16 years old. Their mother kept the record of their body weights.
The following graph shows their body weights over the years:
Growth curves of Eric and Angel
70 Eric
Angel
60
50
Body weight (kg)
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Age
(i) Describe the difference in growth rate of the twins:

(1) between year 11 and year 14; (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) after year 14. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) (1) Predict at what age puberty appeared in
(a) Eric; (1 mark)
____________________________________________________________________________
(b) Angel. (1 mark)
____________________________________________________________________________
(2) At puberty, secondary sexual characteristics such as growth of pubic hair develop. State TWO
other characteristics in:
(a) Eric; (2 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________
(b) Angel. (2 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Given that growth to full size is usually reached by the age of 20, over what age range does
development of the reproductive organs take place in Eric? (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) (1) Angel grew faster than Eric. (1 mark)
(2) Eric grew faster than Angel. (1 mark)
(ii) (1) (a) Year 13 or 14. (1 mark)
(b) Year 11. (1 mark)
(2) (a) Deepening of voice and muscle development. (2 marks)
(b) Growth of breasts and more fat deposits under skin. (2 marks)
(iii) Year 14 to year 20. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQA02300005|!|
Tina and her classmates carried out a project on castor oil seeds. They allowed the seeds to germinate and then
analysed the fat and glucose contents in the seeds.
The following table shows the changes in fat and glucose contents of castor oil seeds during germination:
Time of germination (days) Fat content (% of dry mass) Glucose (% of dry mass)
0 70.9 0.0
2 63.5 0.0
5 47.8 3.0
8 24.8 7.9
11 17.7 8.8
14 13.0 13.1
17 4.8 17.9
(i) Based on results in the table, state the main form of stored organic food. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Explain the decrease in fat content. (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Explain why the glucose content remained undetectable on day 2 but increased afterwards.(3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Dry mass is measured in the project. State the disadvantages. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) Fat. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Fat is oxidized in respiration to release energy (2 marks)
for forming roots and shoots in germination. (1 mark)
(iii) On day 2, no foliage leaves are formed by the seedlings. (1 mark)
From day 5 onwards, foliage leaves grow and undergo photosynthesis (1 mark)
to make glucose. (1 mark)
(iv) The seeds must be killed for analysis. (1 mark)
Thus a large number of seeds is required in this project. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQB02300006|!|
* The following diagram shows the structure of a seed:
(i) State TWO functions of structure 1. (2 marks)

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Name structure 2. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Amylase and protease activities are detected when the seed germinates. Explain the significance of
these enzymatic activities to the germination of the seed. (5 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Structure 3 will develop into the root. Explain ONE structure of the root that can help to increase water
absorption from the soil. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) To protect the embryo from mechanical damage. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
To prevent bacterial and fungal invasion. (1 mark)
(ii) cotyledon (1 mark)
(iii) Amylase digests the stored starch into maltose which is converted to glucose. (1 mark)
Glucose is used to release energy by respiration (1 mark)
and is converted to cellulose for cell wall synthesis. (1 mark)
Proteases digest the stored proteins into amino acids (1 mark)
which can be used to synthesize other proteins such as enzymes / (1 mark)
proteins in the cell membrane.
(iv) Root hairs. (1 mark)
By increasing the surface area for water absorption. (1 mark)
___________
(10 marks)##
|!|EQB02300007|!|
* The diagram below shows the structure of a germinating seed:
growing
plumule
plumule
cotyledon
growing
radicle
(i) State TWO reasons why water is essential for the germination of a seed. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Oil stored in the seed is broken down by lipase for growth. State how oil in the cotyledon can be used
by cells in the plumule. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Name the tropic response of the radicle in response to gravity. Explain the significance of such a
response to the plant. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) Any two of the following: (2 marks)
- To soften the seed coat for protrusion of the radicle.
- To activate enzymes for metabolism.
- To act as a transport medium of food substances.
- To make the seed swell for breaking the seed coat.
- To hydrolyse food substances involved in the breakdown process.
(ii) Oil is hydrolysed by lipase to form fatty acids and glycerol (1 mark)
which are transported to the plumule. (1 mark)
Cells of the plumule use them in the production of lipid molecules (1 mark)
for cell membrane synthesis (any suitable example). (1 mark)
(iii) Positive geotropism. (1 mark)
To ensure that the radicle grows deeper into the soil (1 mark)
to obtain an adequate amount of water (1 mark)
for growth. (1 mark)
__________
(10 marks)##
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
|!|EQA02300008|!|
The following graph shows the changes in dry mass of an annual plant after the onset of germination:
dry mass (g)
time (week)
(i) Account for the initial decrease in dry mass of the plant. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Explain the change in dry mass of the plant from week 2 to week 18. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) From around week 21 onwards, a drop in dry mass was observed. Give ONE reason to explain this
phenomenon. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) In week 24, death occurred. The proteins in the plant were degraded. State TWO groups of organisms
involved in the process of decomposition. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) It was because the food reserve was consumed by respiration to release energy (1 mark)
for growth. (1 mark)
(ii) Green leaves were developed to undergo photosynthesis (1 mark)
which resulted in the production of food. (1 mark)
When the rate of photosynthesis was faster than that of respiration
/ the rate of food production was faster than that of food consumption, excess food
was stored. (1 mark)
Therefore, the dry mass increased from week 2 to week 18. (1 mark)
(iii) Dispersal of fruits / seeds. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Putrefying bacteria (1 mark)
and fungi. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQB02300009|!|
* The diagram below shows the structure of a germinating barley grain:
A B
embryo
(i) During germination, the barley grain absorbs water. State ONE function of the absorbed water in
relation to transport of organic molecules within the grain. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) After water absorption, the embryo begins to synthesise a plant hormone that can activate genes in the
cells of structure A for synthesis of enzymes.
(1) Describe briefly how this plant hormone allows the barley grain to utilize the starch stored in
structure B to form maltose. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) Describe how maltose can be utilized for growth. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Structure C is formed from the fusion of seed coat and fruit wall. Seed coat is formed from the wall of
ovule. What is the fruit wall formed from? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) It acts as a solvent to dissolve organic molecules for transport. (1 mark)
(ii) (1) The plant hormone produced by the embryo diffuses to structure A. (1 mark)
Amylase synthesis is activated, resulting in the production of amylase (1 mark)
which diffuses to structure B. (1 mark)
Amylase then hydrolyzes starch in structure B into maltose (1 mark)
(2) Maltose is hydrolyzed by maltase to glucose (1 mark)
which is transported in the form of sucrose to the embryo (1 mark)
for releasing energy by respiration (1 mark)
and cell wall synthesis. (1 mark)
(iii) Wall of ovary. (1 mark)
_________
(10 marks)##
|!|EQA02300010|!|
In order to study the germination and early growth of maize, a number of maize seeds were sown in soil. The
dry masses of the endosperm and embryo were measured at regular intervals. The results are shown in the
following graph:
endosperm + embryo
embryo
Dry mass (g)
endosperm
Days
(i) What is the function of the endosperm in the maize seed? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Describe the function of the cotyledon in the maize seed? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Explain why there is a decrease in dry mass of the endosperm during the germination of maize seeds.
(2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Account for the curve of total dry mass. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) for storage of food substance (1 mark)
(ii) It secretes enzymes to digest food stored in the endosperm and transports it to the embryo.
(2 marks)
(iii) During the germination of maize seeds the food substance stored in the endosperm is oxidised to
release energy to support the growth of the embryo. (2 marks)
(iv) During the first seven days the stored food substance is oxidised to release energy to support growth.
Once the green aerial part has appeared, photosynthesis takes place and carbohydrate is produced. As a
result, there is an increase in dry mass again. (4 marks)
_________
(9 marks)##
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
|!|EQA02300011|!|
The height of a boy was measured at two-year-intervals from birth to 22 years old. The data are shown in the
following table:
Age (years) Height (cm)
Birth 52
2 80
4 96
6 110
8 118
10 128
12 140
14 160
16 180
18 186
20 189
22 189
(i) Plot a graph using the above data. (3 marks)
(ii) From the graph find out in which period(s) the increase in height was the fastest. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) (1) What physiological changes took place in this person between age 12 and age 16? (3 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) It is known that these physiological changes are stimulated by the secretion of a hormone.
Where is this hormone produced? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) From the graph, find out the total increase in body height between age 3 to age 7. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i)
Growth curve of a boy
200
180
160
140
Height (cm)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Age in years
Correct choice of labeled axes and title (1 mark)

Correct plotting of points (1 mark)
Joining up of points to form a smooth curve (1 mark)
(ii) There were two periods of rapid growth. One was from birth to two years old and the other was from
twelve to fourteen years old. (2 marks)
(iii) (1) growth of pubic hair and hair on face and in armpits, deepening of voice and enlargement of
larynx, muscle development, widening of shoulder (any three) (3 marks)
(2) This hormone is produced by the testes. (1 mark)
(iv) 26 cm (1 mark)
_________
(10 marks)##
|!|EQA02300012|!|
Certain bean seeds were germinating and developing into young plants. The dry mass was measured at 5-day
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
intervals over a period of 40 days. The results are shown below:
Number of days Dry mass in grams

0 4.8
5 4.3
10 3.5
15 3.1
20 3.0
25 3.1
30 3.3
35 3.9
40 5.5
(i) Plot a graph to show the changes in dry mass with time. (3 marks)
(ii) Explain the loss in dry mass from the 1st to the 20th days in the experiment. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) (1) According to the graph, on which day did the dry mass of the germinating seeds increase again?
(1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) What physiological process leading to the increase in dry mass was actually taking place at that
time? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(3) Briefly explain the increase in dry mass of the germinating seeds. (3 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) If fresh mass were used instead of dry mass in this experiment, would the result be different? Explain.
(2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(v) List the factors that affect seed germination. (11/2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i)
A graph showing the change in

dry mass of bean seeds
6
5
Dry mass (g)
0 10 20 30 40
Number of days
Correct choice of labeled axes and title (1 mark)

Correct plotting of points (1 mark)
Joining up of points to form a smooth curve (1 mark)
(ii) The stored food substances in the seeds were broken down by respiration to release energy to support
growth. Therefore the dry mass decreased. (1 mark)
(iii) (1) the 20th day (1 mark)
(2) photosynthesis (1 mark)
(3) The development of green leaves enabled the plant to carry out photosynthesis. The photosynthetic
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
rate gradually exceeded the respiratory rate. Therefore, the amount of food substance produced
was larger than that consumed by respiration, and the dry mass increased again. (3 marks)
(iv) The fresh mass of the seeds would continuously increase throughout the experiment because the seeds
absorbed water. (2 marks)
(v) water, oxygen and suitable temperature/ warmth (1/2 mark each) (11/2 mark)
___________
(121/2 marks)##
|!|EQB02300013|!|
* The following graphs show the growth curves (curve A and B) of two living organisms:
(i) Which curve do you think is the growth curve of a plant? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) According to the graph shown above, state whether this plant is annual, biennial or perennial.
(1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) List FOUR environmental factors that affect plant growth. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Give TWO differences between the growth of the organisms illustrated by curve A and the growth of
the other organisms illustrated by curve B. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(v) Give FOUR differences between plant growth and animal growth. (4 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) Curve A. (1 mark)
During seed germination, the stored food substance is broken down to release energy to support
growth. Therefore, at the beginning there is a decrease in weight. (2 marks)
(ii) annual (1 mark)
(iii) light, temperature, water supply, food supply (1/2 mark each) (2 marks)
(iv)
Growth of organisms which belongs to Growth of organisms which belongs to
curve A curve B
At the beginning there is a decrease in There is no decrease in weight at the (1 mark)
weight. beginning
At the end there is a decline in growth. Growth continues throughout their life. (1 mark)
(v)
Plant growth Animal growth
Period of growth throughout life growth stops when maturity (1 mark)
(i.e. unlimited growth) is reached (limited growth)
Region of growth in meristems all parts of the body (1 mark)
Shape resulting from always changing roughly the same (1 mark)
growth
Cells involved in specialised meristematic no specialised cells for (1 mark)
growth cells growth
_________
(12 marks)##
|!|EQA02300014|!|
The following graph shows the differences in development between boys and girls:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
8 boy
girl
Height increase per year (cm)

6
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Age in years
(i) At what age(s) do boys and girls have the same height increase? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) If a 5 year-old girl is now 85 cm tall, predict her height when she is 10 years old. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) (1) At what age do boys have the maximal height increase? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) At what age do girls have the maximal height increase? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) According to the graph, state TWO differences in growth between boys and girls. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) 6 and 11 (2 marks)
(ii) 114cm (1 mark)
(iii) (1) 13 (1 mark)
(2) 10 (1 mark)
(iv) The maximal height increase per year of boys is greater than that of girls. (1 mark)
Girls develop earlier than boys. (1 mark)
_________
(7 marks)##
|!|EQA02300015|!|
The following curves illustrate the growth of different parts of the body of a girl:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(i) At which stage did the brain and head grow fastest? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) (1) When did puberty start? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) What physiological changes took place when the girl was at the stage of puberty? (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Describe the shape of the curve for the whole body after the age of 16. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) What is the advantage of having late development of the reproductive organs in the human body?
(1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) From birth to age 5. (1 mark)
(ii) (1) at age 12 (1 mark)
(2) - growth and development of breasts

- widening of hips/pelvic girdle
- more fat deposits under skin
- growth of pubic hair (any three) (3 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(iii) After the age of 16, the curve for the whole body will flatten off. (1 mark)
(iv) They can take care of their children after they become mature physically and mentally. (1 mark)
__________
(7 marks)##
|!|EQA02300016|!|
Cress seeds were treated as shown in the diagram below:
(i) In which of these tubes would germination occur? (1 mark)

_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) How would you determine whether light is necessary for seed germination? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) What substance should be added to tube D in order to provide a dry condition? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) What conclusion can be drawn from the above experiment? (11/2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) Tube A. (1 mark)
(ii) Set up tube E as tube A except that it was covered by a piece of black paper. (1 mark)
If seeds in tube E do not germinate, we can conclude that light is essential for the germination of this
kind of seed. (1 mark)
(iii) Calcium chloride. (1 mark)
(iv) Oxygen, water and suitable temperature are the essential requirements for seed germination.
(11/2 mark)
___________
(51/2 marks)##
|!|EQA02300017|!|
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
The graph below shows the mean heights of thousands of boys and girls at different ages:
boys
girls
Height
(cm)
Age
(i) Over what range(s) of age did girls gain height faster than boys? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Over what range(s) of age did boys gain height faster than girls? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) What are the main factors governing the gaining of height of a person? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) Between 10 and 14 years of age. (1 mark)
(ii) Between 2 and 10 years of age and over 14. (2 marks)
(iii) diet, heredity and exercise (any two) (2 marks)
_________
(5 marks)##
|!|EQB02300018|!|
* Shown below is a diagram of a longitudinal section of a bean seed:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(i) Name X and state its function. (11/2 marks)

_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Name Y and state its function. (11/2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) State the
(1) environmental conditions which are required for germination of seeds.
(2) physiological effects of the environmental conditions in (1). (61/2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Why is seed dispersal necessary? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(v) Describe and explain the method of seed dispersal of tomato and that of dandelion. (5 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(vi) If this seed were to develop into a new plant, what would parts F and G become? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
##
(i) X - micropyle (1/2 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
It absorbs water for seed germination / for the entry of water. (1 mark)
(ii) Y - cotyledon (1/2 mark)
It provides stored starch for seed germination. (1 mark)
(iii) (1), (2)
Environmental conditions Physiological effects
Water - activates the enzymes
- as medium for chemical and enzymes reaction
- softens the seed coat (31/2 marks)
Oxygen - to oxidise the food substance to release energy (11/2 marks)
Warmth - The enzymes function best within the optimum
temperature range. (11/2 marks)
(iv) to avoid overcrowding as otherwise competition for light, water and mineral salts will occur.
(2 marks)
(v)
Types of plant Method of dispersal of seeds
Tomato - The seeds are eaten by animals because they are very
small. (1 mark)
- They are protected against the digestive juice by woody
seed coats. (1 mark)
- They pass out unharmed in faeces. (1 mark)
Dandelion - The hairs of the fruit are in form of a parachute which (2 marks)
makes it float in air more easily.
(vi) F - shoot/ stem
G - root (2 marks)
___________
(181/2 marks)##
________________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 23 Question

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New Biology – a modern approach 3

Chapter 23: Growth and development

Growth is the irreversible (i)_________________ in dry mass.

Growth curves of Eric and Angel

(i) Describe the difference in growth rate of the twins:

(i) State TWO functions of structure 1. (2 marks)

dry mass (g)

(i) Plot a graph using the above data. (3 marks)

Growth curve of a boy

Correct choice of labeled axes and title (1 mark)

Number of days Dry mass in grams

A graph showing the change in

Correct choice of labeled axes and title (1 mark)

Height increase per year (cm)

(2) - growth and development of breasts

(i) In which of these tubes would germination occur? (1 mark)

(i) Name X and state its function. (11/2 marks)

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