Indian Institute of Management Lucknow

Preparatory Course in Mathematics: 2014 - 16

Course Instructor: Gaurav Garg
Problem Set on Dierential Calculus
1. Find the following limits, if they exist,:
(a) lim
x2
log

x
2
4
x2

log(2x 1)
;
(b) lim
x2
5 log

2x
2
3x 2
x 2

sin(/x);
(c) lim
x1

x
2
x
2
+ a
2

;
(d) lim
x0
x
2
+ a
x
2
+ b
;
(e) lim
x

a
1 +
1
x

;
(f) lim
x
x +
1
x
2x
1
x
;
(g) lim
x
1
x
2

3
x
1
x
3

1
x
2
;
2. Estimate the limits, if they exist, by using a table of values to two decimal places:
(a) lim
x4
+
1

x

1
2
x 4
; (b) lim
x0
sin x
x
; (c) lim
x0
|x| sin

x
.
3. Sketch the graph of f. Then identify the values of c for which lim
xc
f(x) exists, given
f(x) =

x
2
x 2
8 2x 2 < x < 4
4 x 4
.
4. Find k so that the function f(x) =

kx + 3 x 2
3 x x > 2
satises lim
x2
f(x) = 1.
5. Use the formal denition of limit to show that lim
x3
(4x 2) = 14.
6. Estimate the limits by using table of values for
lim
x13
x
3
9x
2
45x 91
x 13
and lim
x13
x
3
9x
2
39x 86
x 13
.
Then using synthetic division, explain why one of the limits exists and other does not.
7. Consider the function f(x) =
|x + 1| |x 1|
x
. Estimate lim
x0
f(x).
8. Explain why lim
x2
|x 2|
x 2
does not exist.
9. Evaluate the function f(x) = x
2

2
x
1000
for x = 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05. Guess the value of lim
x0
f(x).
Evaluate f(x) for x = 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.0001. Guess the limit again.
1
10. Consider the function f(x) =
x
2
4
x 2
. Is f continuous at x = 2?
11. Consider the function f(x) =
1 + x
(x 3)(x + 1)
. Is f continuous at x = 0, 3, 1?
12. Find the point(s) of discontinuity of the function h(x) =
5 + x
2 + x
.
13. Find the point(s) of discontinuity of the function h(x) =
x
2
4
x 2
.
14. Find the point(s) of discontinuity of the function h(x) =

x + 1
x 1
.
15. Find the point(s) of discontinuity of the function h(x) =
x
2
3
x
2
4
.
16. Find the point(s) of discontinuity of the function h(x) =
x
2
+ 3x + 6
x
2
1
.
17. If $ 1,000 is invested at 12% interest compounded quarterly, the amount of money in the account at the end of
x months is given by F(x) = 1000(1.03)
[x/3]
, where [x/3] = greatest integer x/3.
(a) Graph F for 0 x 12.
(b) For what values of x on the interval [0, 12] is F discontinuous?
18. Compute lim
h0
f(2 + h) f(2)
h
for each of the following functions:
(a) f(x) = x
2
+ x; (b) f(x) = 3; (c) f(x) =

x + 5; (d) f(x) =
1
x
2
.
19. First class postage in 1983 was $0.20 for the rst ounce (or any fraction thereof) and $0.17 for each additional
ounce (or any fraction thereof) up to 12 ounces. If P(x) is the amount of postage for a letter weighing x ounces,
then we can write
P(x) =

$0.20 for 0 < x 1

$0.37 for 1 < x 2
$0.54 for 2 < x 3
and so on
.
(a) Graph P for 0 < x 5.
(b) Find lim
x2
P(x), lim
x2
+ P(x), and lim
x2
P(x).
(c) Find lim
x4
P(x) and P(4)
(d) Is P continuous at x = 4? At x = 4.5?
20. Dierentiate the followings using the principle of dierentiation:
(a) y = x
3
;
(d) y =
4
x
;
(b) y = 3x
3
+ 2x;
(e) y =
4
x 1
;
(c) y =
1
x
2
;
(f) y =

x 2.
21. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
2
(a) 12x
3
;
(d)
10
x
;
(b) 5

x;
(e)
5

x
;
(c)

x +
6
x
;
(f) 8x
3/2
+ 2x
1/2
.
22. If an object moves along a line so that it is at y = f(x) = 4x
2
2x at time x (in seconds), nd the instantaneous
velocity function v = f

(x) and nd the velocity at times 1, 3, and 5 seconds (y is measured in feet).

23. For f(x) = x
2
3x
3
, nd f

(x), f

(1), and f

(2).
24. The total cost per day C(x) (in hundreds of dollars), for manufacturing x windsurfers is given by C(x) =
3 + 10x x
2
, 0 x 4. Find the marginal cost at x = 1, 3, and 4 unit levels of production. (Marginal cost
is the rate of change in cost per unit change in production.)
25. R(x) = 800x + 10x
2
. Find R

(10), R

(25), and R

(32).
26. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
(a) y = 100

x 11x; (b) y = x
5
x
2
+ 5x
1
; (c) y = 10x
1/2
+ 8x
3/2
.
27. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
(a) y = (x
3
+ 4)(x + 3);
(d) y = (

x + 3)(x
2
+ 6);
(b) y = (x
2
+ 8) sin x;
(e) y = (ln x)(x
2
+ 1);
(c) y = (x + 3)(2x + 3)(x
2
+ 1);
(f) y = (x
1/3
+ 2)(2x
1/2
1).
28. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
(a) y =
x
2
4x + 1
x 6
;
(d) y =
x
3
+ 16
x
2
;
(b) y =
ln x
x
2
+ 2x
;
(e) y =
6x
2
4x
e
x
;
(c) y =
12x
2
40x + 40
(3x 5)
2
;
(f) y =
2x
3
+ 2x
2
2x
(x + 1)
2
.
29. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
(a) cot x; (b) sec x; (c) cosec x; (d) tan x.
30. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
(a) y = (3 + 5x)
3/4
;
(d) y = 4

2x
2
+ 3;
(b) y =
1

ax
2
+ bx + c
;
(e) y = sin x
2
;
(c) y = ln sin x;
(f) y = (sin x + cos x)
2
.
31. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
(a) y = 2
x
;
(d) y = sin ln x
2
;
(b) y =
4

x 5
;
(e) y =
x
2

x
2
+ 1
;
(c) y =

4x + 1
2x
2
+ 1
;
(f) y = e
e
x
.
32. Dierentiate the following functions with respect to x:
3
(a) x = y
2
+ 6;
(c) x = y +
1
3
y
3
+
1
5
y
5
;
(b) y
4
+ 3y
2
= e
x
;
(d) ln x = y
2
+ 4y + 3.
33. Suppose a farmer is willing to supply crates of oranges according to the supply function S(x) = 0.01x
2
, where
x is the price in Rupees per crate.
(a) What is the average rate of change in supply from Rs. 200 per crate to Rs. 400 per crate?
(b) What is the average rate of change in supply if the price is increased by Rs. 10 from Rs. 200?
(c) What is the instantaneous rate of change of supply at x = 200? Using this rate, estimate the change in
supply if the price is increased by Rs. 10 from Rs. 200.
34. For the demand equations given below, nd the rate of change of p with respect to x (x is the number of items
that can be sold at a price of Rupees p).
(a) x = p
2
2p + 1000;
(c) x = p
3
3p
2
+ 200;
(b) x =

10000 p
2
;
(d) x =
3

1500 p
3
.
35. In the following problems, nd y

without solving for y in terms of x. Evaluate y

at the given point.

(a) x
2
y 3x
2
4 = 0, (2, 4);
(c) 2x
3
y x
3
+ 5 = 0, (1, 3);
(e) xy 6 = 0, (2, 3);
(b) 3xy 2x 2 = 0, (2, 1);
(d) 2xy + y + 2 = 0, (1, 2);
(f) 2y + xy 1 = 0, (1, 1).
36. A formula relating to approximate weight, W (in pounds), of an average person and their height, h (in inches),
is W = 0.0005h
3
, 30 h 74. What is the approximate change in weight for a height increase from 40 to 42
inches?
37. Suppose for a company manufacturing hand calculators, cost and revenue functions are C(x) = 90000 + 30x
and R(x) = 300x
x
2
30
, respectively, where the production output in one week is x calculators. Find the rate of
change in cost, revenue and prot at the production level of 6000. Also obtain approximate changes in prot if
production is increased by 500 calculators.(prot = revenue - cost)
38. A company manufactures and sells x transistors radios per week. If the weekly cost and revenue equations are
C(x) = 5000 + 2x and R(x) = 10x
x
2
1000
, respectively, for 0 x 8000, nd the approximate changes in
revenue and prot if production is increased from 2000 to 2010 units per week. (prot = revenue - cost)
39. Use dierentials to approximate

36.72 and
4

17.
40. A cube with sides 10 inches long is covered with a 0.2 inch thick coat of breglass. Use dierentials to estimate
the volume of the breglass shell.
41. Using past records of a company, it is observed that number of units sold (N) depends on expenditure on
advertisements by the relation N = 60x x
2
, 5 x 30, where x is the expenditure on advertisements
in thousand dollars. Estimate the increase in sales that will result by increasing the advertising budget from
$10,000 to $11,000; from $20,000 to $21,000.
42. Find the maximum and/or minimum point(s) of the following function:
4
(a) y = x
2
+ 4x 8 on [4, 4];
(c) y = x
2
+ 6x + 1;
(e) y = 4 + 3x x
3
;
(g) y =
x
x + 4
;
(i) y =
x
x + 4
on [5, 5];
(k) y = 2x
3
3x
2
12x + 13;
(m) y = 3x
4
4x
3
;
(b) y =
x

x
2
+ 1
;
(d) y =
x

x
2
+ 1
on [1, 1];
(f) y = x
2
2x on [0, 4];
(h) y = x
4
;
(j) y = x
3
;
(l) y = 3x
4
x
3
+ 2.
43. If the average manufacturing cost (in dollars) per pair of sunglasses is

C(x) = x
2
6x + 12, 0 x 6, where
x is the number (in thousands) of pairs of sunglasses manufactured, how many pairs of sunglasses should be
manufactured to minimize the average cost per pair?
44. A company manufactures and sells x television sets per month. The monthly cost and demand equations are
C(x) = 72000 + 60x and p = 200
x
30
, for 0 x 6000. Here x is the demand at the price of p per unit.
Revenue R(x) = xp. Find the maximum revenue. Find the maximum prot and the production level that will
realize the maximum prot, and the price the company should charge.
45. Find the local extrema:
(a) z = 6 x
2
4x y
2
;
(c) z = 3 x
2
y
2
+ 6y;
(e) z = x
2
+ y
2
4x + 6y + 23;
(g) z = x
2
y
2
+ 2x + 6y 4;
(i) z = x
2
+ xy 2y
2
+ x + 10y 5;
(k) z = 2x
2
2xy + 3y
2
4x 8y + 20;
(m) z = e
xy
;
(b) z = x
2
y xy
2
;
(d) z = 2y
3
6xy x
2
;
(f) z = 2x
4
+ y
2
12xy;
(h) z = 16xy x
4
2y
2
;
(j) z = x
3
3xy
2
+ 6y
2
;
(l) z = 2x
2
2x
2
y + 6y
3
.
46. A rm produces two types of calculators, x thousand of type A and y thousands of type B per year. If the
revenue and cost for the year are (in million dollars) R(x, y) = 2x+3y and C(x, y) = x
2
2xy+2y
2
+6x9y+5,
respectively, nd how many of each type of calculators should be produced per year to maximize the prot.
What is the maximum prot?
47. Expand following functions using Taylors polynomial:
(a) ln(1 x);
(c) e
x
;
(e) sin x;
(b) (1 + x)
2
in the powers of (x 2);
(d) x
1/2
in the powers of (x 1);
(f)
1
1 + x
2
in the powers of x.
5
6