Table of Contents

Course Guide ix - xv

Topic 1 Computer-Based Information Systems 1
1.1 Information Management 2
1.2 Attraction to Information Management 3
1.3 Information System User 5
1.3.1 Managerial Position 6
1.3.2 Manager's Function 9
1.3.3 Managerial Skills 10
1.3.4 Manager's Knowledge 12
1.4 Manager and System 13
1.5 Data and Information 17
1.6 Type of Management Information Systems 19
1.7 Information Systems Department 21
1.8 End User Computing (EUC)Trend 23
1.9 To Achieve Computer-based Information System (CBIS) 23
Summary 24

Topic 2 System Concept 26
2.1 Model 27
2.2 General Model System 29
2.2.1 Physical System 29
2.2.2 Conceptual System 30
2.2.3 Environment 34
2.2.4 Problem Solving 35
2.3 System Approach 38
2.4 Preparation Phase 39
2.5 Definition Phase 40
2.6 The Solution Phase 39
Summary 45

Topic 3 Usage of It in Strategic Planning 46
3.1 What is Strategic Management? 47
3.2 Strategy at Business Level and Value Chain Model 47
3.3 Use of Technology in the Chain Value 48
3.4 Information System Product and Services 49


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3.5 To Access Market Space 50
3.6 Supply Chain Management and Effective Customer
Response System 51
3.7 Industrial Level Stategy and Information System:
Competitive Forces and Network Economy 52
3.8 Information Partnership 52
3.8.1 Competitive Force Model 53
3.8.2 Network Economy 53
Summary 54

Topic 4 Decision Support Systems 55
4.1 Decision-Making 56
4.1.1 Types of Decision 56
4.1.2 Decision-Making Phases 57
4.2 Decision Support System Concept 57
4.2.1 Definition of DSS 58
4.2.2 DSS Characteristics 60
4.2.3 Types of DSS 61
4.2.4 DSS Objective 63
4.2.5 DSS Model 64
4.3 Group Decision Support System 65
4.3.1 GDSS Environment 66
4.3.2 Group Software 68
Summary 71

Topic 5 Executive Information System 73
5.1 The Roles and Characteristics of an Executive 74
5.1.1 Fayol Management Function 75
5.1.2 Mintzberg Management Roles 75
5.1.3 Networking and Kotter Agenda 76
5.1.4 How an Executive Thinks 77
5.2 Executive Information Needs 78
5.2.1 Mintzberg Research 78
5.2.2 Jones and McLeod Research 79
5.3 Computer-Based Executive Information System 80
5.3.1 EIS Model 81
5.3.2 Definition 82
5.3.3 EIS Input and Output 82
5.3.4 EIS Data 82
5.3.5 Application of Executive Information System 83
Summary 84


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Topic 6 Expert System 85
6.1 What is an Expert System? 86
6.1.1 Expert System Definition 86
6.1.2 Why is an Expert System Needed? 86
6.1.3 Expert System Application 88
6.2 Knowledge 90
6.3 Expert System Architecture 92
6.3.1 Knowledge Base 92
6.3.2 Knowledge Acquisition 94
6.3.3 Inference Engine 95
6.3.4 Explanation Facility 96
6.3.5 The User Interface 97
6.3.6 Working Memory 98
6.4 The Expert System Characteristics 98
6.5 Expert System Development 101
6.5.1 The Software and Tools in Expert System
Development 102
6.5.2 The Tools and Environment of Artificial
Intelligence 103
6.6 The Advantages and Disadvantages of an Expert System 104
6.6.1 The Expert System Advantages 104
6.6.2 Disadvantages and Weaknesses of Expert System 105
Summary 107

Topic 7 Concept of Quality in Information System 108
7.1 Software Quality Standard 109
7.2 ISO 9000 and CMM in Software Development 109
7.2.1 ISO 9000 Components 110
7.2.2 ISO in Software Engineering Industry 110
7.3 Capability Maturity Model (CMM) 111
7.3.1 The Five Levels in The Model 111
7.3.2 Focus on the Main Process Areas 119
Summary 120

Topic 8 Information System Security 121
8.1 The Importance of Security 121
8.2 Security and The Internet 122
8.2.1 Security and E-Commerce 124
8.3 System Security Threats 125
8.4 Examples of Security Threats 126
8.4.1 Virues 126
8.4.2 Spyware 127
8.4.3 Adware 127
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8.5 Effective Virus, Adware and Spyware Control 127
8.6 Insider Abuse of Internet Access 128
8.7 Laptop or Mobile Theft 128
8.8 Denial of Service (DOS) 129
8.9 Unauthorised Access to Information 129
8.10 Abuse of Wireless Networks 129
8.11 System Penetration 130
8.12 Telecom Fraud 131
8.13 Theft of Proprietary Information 131
8.14 Financial Fraud 132
8.15 Misuse of Public Web Applications 132
8.16 Website Defacement 133
8.17 Sabotage 133
Summary 134

Topic 9 Types of Functional Information Systems 135
9.1 Marketing Information System 136
9.1.1 Marketing Principles 137
9.1.2 Marketing Information System Model 139
9.2 Manufacturing Information Systems 140
9.2.1 Material Requirement Planning 140
9.2.2 The 'Just-In-Time' System (JIT) 143
9.3 Human Resources Management System 144
9.3.1 Human Resource Main Management Activity 144
9.4 Human Resources Information System Model 145
9.5 The Human Resources Research Sub-system 147
9.6 Human Resources Intelligence Sub-system 147
9.7 Work Force Planning Sub-system 148
9.8 Work Recruitment Sub-system 149
9.9 Workforce Management Sub-system 149
9.10 Compensation Sub-system 149
9.11 Benefit Sub-system 150
9.12 Environment Report Sub-system 150