sed -n '10,20p' <filename> - Prints all the lines between 10 and 20 of a file awk 'NR >= 3 && NR <= 6' /path/to/file - Prints all lines between two line numbers sed -n '3,6p' /path/to/file - Prints all lines between two line numbers sed '10,20!d' <filename> - Prints all the lines between 10 and 20 of a file awk 'FNR==5' <file> - To print a specific line from a file sed '1d' file-name -Delete 1 st line of a file sed '10d' file-name -Delete 10 th line of a file sed '5,10d' <file-name> -Delete lines 5 to 10 in a file sed '2,$d' filename -deletes all lines except the first line in a file which can also be done with sed '1!d' and sed -n '1p' filename.
awk {print $0} <filename> -To print all the fields/columns in a file. awk {print $3} <filename> -To print only the 3 rd field/column of a file. awk {print $3 $5} <filename> -To print the 3 rd and 5 th fields/columns of a file awk F , {print $0} <filename> -To print all the fields/columns of a file with , as the separator awk F , {print $3} <filename> -To print the 3 rd field/column of a file with , as the separator awk F : {print $5} <filename> -To print the 5 th field/column of a file with , as the separator awk {$3=; print $0} <filename> -To print all the fields/columns except the 3 rd one of a file. awk {$2=$3=; print $0} <filename> -To print all the fields/columns except the 2 nd and 3 rd of a file.
Deleting the blank lines from a file: Using grep: grep v ^$ <filename> Using sed: sed /^$/d <filename> Using awk: awk /./ <filename> awk {print add_to_beginning$0} <filename> Add text at the beginning of each line sed s/^/add_to_beginning/ <filename> Add text at the beginning of each line. awk {print #$0} <filename> Comment out all lines sed s/^/#/ <filename> Comment out all lines. awk {print $0append_to_end} <filename> Add text at the end of each line sed s/$/append_to_end/ <filename> Add text at the end of each line awk {print $0;} <filename> Add ; at the end of each line awk {print add_to_beginning$0add_to_end} <filename> Add text at the beginning and end of each line. sed s/.*/add_to_beginning&add_to_end/ <filename> Add text at the beginning and end of each line.
SQL Joins: INNER JOIN: Returns all rows when there is at least one match in BOTH tables LEFT JOIN: Return all rows from the left table, and the matched rows from the right table RIGHT JOIN: Return all rows from the right table, and the matched rows from the left table FULL JOIN: Return all rows when there is a match in ONE of the tables. SQL Constraints: NOT NULL - Indicates that a column cannot store NULL value UNIQUE - Ensures that each row for a column must have a unique value PRIMARY KEY - A combination of a NOT NULL and UNIQUE. Ensures that a column (or combination of two or more columns) have an unique identity which helps to find a particular record in a table more easily and quickly FOREIGN KEY - Ensure the referential integrity of the data in one table to match values in another table CHECK - Ensures that the value in a column meets a specific condition DEFAULT - Specifies a default value when specified none for this column. PRIMARY KEY Constraints: 1. The PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a database table. 2. Primary keys must contain unique values. 3. A primary key column cannot contain NULL values. 4. Each table should have a primary key, and each table can have only ONE primary key. VIEWS: A view is a virtual table. CREATE VIEW Statement: 1. In SQL, a view is a virtual table based on the result-set of an SQL statement. 2. A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables in the database. SQL CREATE VIEW Syntax: CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition
SQL Updating a View: You can update a view by using the following syntax: SQL CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW Syntax: CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition
SQL Dropping a View: You can delete a view with the DROP VIEW command. DROP VIEW view_name. SQL Aggregate Functions: SQL aggregate functions return a single value, calculated from values in a column. Useful aggregate functions: AVG() - Returns the average value COUNT() - Returns the number of rows FIRST() - Returns the first value LAST() - Returns the last value MAX() - Returns the largest value MIN() - Returns the smallest value SUM() - Returns the sum SQL Scalar functions: SQL scalar functions return a single value, based on the input value. Useful scalar functions: UCASE() - Converts a field to upper case LCASE() - Converts a field to lower case MID() - Extract characters from a text field LEN() - Returns the length of a text field ROUND() - Rounds a numeric field to the number of decimals specified NOW() - Returns the current system date and time FORMAT() - Formats how a field is to be displayed.
Name: Dipak Munde Roll No: TE21261 A4: Write A Program To Insert and Retrieve The Data From The Database Using JDBC. Program: // Program To Insert Data Into Database