2014.02.samsung - Lte B4G Standardization

1
EvolutionofLTETowardsB4G
andBeyond
YongjunKwak,Ph.D.
(yongjun.kwak@samsung.com)
SamsungElectronicsCo.,Ltd.
DigitalMediaandCommunicationsR&DCenter
2
Tableofcontents
3GPPStandardizationStatus
CandidateTechnologiesforB4GandBeyond
DevicetoDevice(D2D)Communication
FullDimensionMIMO(FDMIMO)
CoMP withNonIdealBackhaul
NetworkAssistedinterferenceCancelationandSuppression(NAICS)
MillimeterWave(mmWave)Communication
ConcludingRemarks
3
3GPPStandardizationStatus
4
3
rd
GenerationPartnershipProject
InitiatedinDecember,1998fordevelopmentofwirelesscommunicationstandards
Collaborationbetweengroupsoftelecommunicationsassociations
China:CCSA(ChinaCommunicationsStandardsAssociation)
Europe:ETSI(EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute)
Japan:ARIB(AssociationofRadioIndustriesandBusinesses),TTC(TelecommunicationTechnologyCommittee)
Korea:TTA(TelecommunicationsTechnologyAssociation)
USA:ATIS(AllianceforTelecommunicationsIndustrySolutions)
SpecificationworkdoneinTechnicalSpecificationGroups
GERAN(GSM/EDGERadioAccessNetwork):GERANspecifiesGSMradiotechnology,includingGPRSandEDGE
RAN (RadioAccessNetwork):RANspecifiestheUTRAN andthe EUTRAN
SA (ServiceandSystemAspects):SAspecifiesservicerequirementsandoverallarchitectureof3GPPsystem
CT (CoreNetworkandTerminals):CTspecifiesthecorenetworkandterminalpartsof3GPP
SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Confidential and Proprietary
WCDMA
(1999)
WCDMA
(1999)
HSDPA
(2002)
HSDPA
(2002)
HSUPA
(2005)
HSUPA
(2005)
LTE
(2008)
LTE
(2008)
LTEA
(2010)
LTEA
(2010)
B4G
(2014)
B4G
(2014)
5G 5G
CDMA,QPSK DL:16QAM
AMC,HARQ
UL:AMC,HARQ DL:OFDMA,MIMO
UL:SCFDMA
CoMP,CA,eICIC
UL:MIMO
backwardcompatible backwardcompatible
Rel99 Rel5 Rel6 Rel8 Rel10
Smallcells,
FDMIMO
backwardcompatible?
Rel12
5
IndustryParticipationin3GPP
Over100companiesinvolvedinLTEspecificationdevelopment
MobileVendors:Samsung,Nokia,Blackberry,LGE,ZTE,Pantech,Motorola,HTC,Apple,
SystemVendors:Ericsson,Huawei,AlcatelLucent,NokiaSiemensNetwork,
ChipsetVendors:Qualcomm,Intel,MediaTek,Broadcom,NVIDIA,
ServiceOperators:CMCC,Vodafone,Orange,Verizon,AT&T,KDDI,Sprint,Deutsche
Telekom,KoreaTelecom,SKTelecom,NTTDOCOMO,TelecomItalia,Softbank,
MeasurementInstrumentVendors:AgilentTechnology,NI,Rohde&Schwarz,
TerminalLocationProviders:TruePosition,PolarisWireless,..
ResearchFirms:InterDigital,ETRI,ITRI,III,
6
LTERelease8:FirstLTESpecification
10msradioframe, Tf
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9
Subframe
Slot, Tslot 0.5msec
1msec
#0
ResourceBlock
(RB)
Resourceelement
(k,l)
l=0 l=Nsymb
DL
-1
Symbol
Subcarrier
15kHz
k =n
PRB
*N
SC
RB
4x4DLMIMO
OFDMA/SCFDMA:1.4MHz 20MHz FlatRANarchitecture
K
e
y
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
Requirements Target
Peak transmissionrate(Mbps) >100 (DL),>50(UL)
Peakspectralefficiency(bps/Hz) >5(DL),>2.5(UL)
Average cellspectralefficiency(bps/Hz/cell) >1.62.1(DL),>0.661.0(UL)
Celledgespectralefficiency(bps/Hz/user) >0.040.06 (DL),>0.020.03(UL)
Userplanelatency/Control planelatency(ms) <10 /<100
7
LTERelease10:LTEAdvanced(LTEA)
K
e
y
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
CarrierAggregation
8x8DLMIMO
4x4ULMIMO
TimedomainIntercellInterferenceCoordination
Cellrange
expansion
AlmostBlank
Subframe
Requirement Target
Peak transmissionrate(Mbps) 1000 (DL),500(UL)
Peakspectralefficiency(bps/Hz) 30(DL),15(UL)
Average cellspectralefficiency(bps/Hz/cell) 2.43.7(DL),1.22.0(UL)
Celledgespectralefficiency(bps/Hz/user) 0.070.12 (DL),0.040.07(UL)
8
LTERelease11:NetworkCoordinationforLTE
KeyTechnology:CoMP (CoordinatedMultiPointTransmissionandReception)
Allowsnetworktocoordinatewirelessresources(time,frequency,transmissionpower,etc)
Significantimprovementinsystemperformance(Average:20~30%,Edge:30~40%)
WellsuitedforCRAN(CentralizedRadioAccessNetwork)
9
OngoingLTEEnhancement
10
LTERoadmap
1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Release11
(LTEA)
Release12
(Beyond4G)
Release13
(Beyond4G)
2011.09
Stage1 Stage3
ASN.1
Freeze
2011.03
Stage1
Rel12and
onwardsWS
2012.6
2014.06
Stage3
ASN.1
Freeze
2014.09
2012.09 2013.03
Release14
(5G)
1H 2H
2017
Projected
completionofR13
Projected
completionofR14
11
CandidateTechnologiesforB4G
andBeyond
12
DevicetoDeviceCommunication
13
DevicetoDevice(D2D)Overview
Cellularcommunication
14
DevicetoDevice(D2D)Overview
Directcommunicationbetweendevices
15
D2DTechniques
WifiDirect
Targetusecase:peertopeerconnectivity
Usingunlicensedband(2.4GHz,5GHz)basedonWifi
Currentlyused(standardizationcompleted)
D2Dproximitybasedservice(D2DProSe)inLTE
Targetusecase:Discoverybasedproximityservice(Advertisement,SNS,etc)
Usinglicensedband(*850MHz
1,3
,900MHz
2
,1800MHz
1,2
,2100MHz
3
)basedonLTE
Currentlystandardizedin3GPP
*(1:SKTelecom,2:KT,3:LGUplus)
WifiDirectusecases
16
WifiDirectvs.D2DProSe
WifiDirect:twostepdiscovery
Devicediscovery:broadcastrequest
followedbyunicastresponse
Servicediscovery:Inquestrequest
followedbyunicastresponse
LTEProSe:onestepdiscovery
Devicebroadcastitsdiscoveryand
serviceinformationtogether
Fasterdiscoverywithlowpower
consumption
Step 1
device discovery
Device & service discovery in one step
Step 2
service
discovery
17
Delay Longdiscoveringtimeforservicediscovery
Scalability Thenumberofconnecteddevicesislimited.
Range Smallrange(lessthan100meter)
Power
Consumption
Asynchronouscarriersensingprotocol
Interference Lowreliabilityoftheradiolink
LimitationofWifidirect
18
D2DProse:ComponentTechniques
Peerdiscovery
UEdiscoversotherUEsproximatetoitself
Mainly forcommercialusecase
Directcommunication
UEtransmitsdatatootherUE(s)withnetwork
assistanceinsidenetworkcoverage
BroadcastcommunicationisstudiedinRel12
Outofnetworkcoverage
D2Dcommunicationshouldalsobesupportedin
outofnetworkcoverage
Keyfeatureforpublicsafetyusecase
19
D2DDiscovery:Physicaldesign
Designprinciple
Type1discovery
NetworkconfiguresresourcepoolsforD2Ddiscovery
D2DUErandomlyselectsaresourceinsidetheresourcepoolforthetransmissionD2D
UEtriestoreceivemultiplediscoverysignalsinsidetheresourcepool
Type2discovery
NetworkallocatesaUEwheretotransmititsdiscovery
Resource pool for
D2D discovery
WAN data WAN data WAN data
... ...
.
.
.
.
.
.
Resource pool for
D2D discovery
Resource pool for
D2D discovery
P
R
B
s
subframes
20
D2DDiscovery:Possiblescenario
21
D2DDirectcommunication:Synchronization
Synchronizationprocedure
IfnosynchronizationsourceisdetectedbyaUE,aUEmaytransmitD2DSS(D2D
syncSignal)
D2DSSrelayingisconsidered
UEsynchronizeitsreceivertothedetectedD2DSStransmittedfromasyncsource
UEdetectsasyncsourceasfollows
ENBsynchronizationhasthehighestpriorityasasyncsourceforD2DUEs
SynchronizationsourceswhichareUEswithinnetworkcoveragehaveahigherpriority
thansynchronizationsourceswhichareUEsoutsidenetworkcoverage
Cell
eNB
D2DUE3:
IndependentSyncsource
cluster
D2DUE1
D2DUE2
22
D2DDirectcommunication:Datascheduling
SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Confidential and Proprietary SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. Confidential and Proprietary
Cell
eNB
cluster
UE1
UE5
UE3
UE4
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
UE2
Tx
Rx
UE6
Rx
Scheduling
D2DData(Broadcast)
Resourceallocationprocedure
Mode1:eNB schedulestheexactresourcesusedbyaUEtotransmitdirectdata
Mainlyusedforinsidenetworkcoverage
Mode2:atransmittingUEonitsownselectsresourcestotransmitdirectdata
Mainlyusedforoutofnetworkcoverage
Tobediscussedin3GPPhowtoscheduleforpartialcoveragecase
Mode1resourceallocation
Mode2resourceallocation
23
FullDimensionMIMO
24
FullDimensionMIMO(FDMIMO)Concept
Utilizationoftwodimensionalantennaarray
Allowsflexiblebeamforminginbothazimuthandelevationdomain
HighorderMUMIMO
SimultaneoustransmissiontolargenumberofUEs
4xCPRI
IP
network
25
2DimensionalBeamforming
Example1:70/70degreeswithoutdowntilt
Example2:70/40degreeswithout30degreesdowntilt
28antennas 48antennas 88antennas
28antennas 48antennas 88antennas
26
1DimensionalArray(64x1):d
H
=0.5
90
2

70
1
100
, 70
1
1
110
, 90
2
2
MUinterferencevirtuallynonexistent
using64antennahorizontalbeamforming
At700MHz,64antennaswithhalflambda
spacingis15mlong!
27
2DimensionalPlane(8x8):d
H
=0.5,d
V
=0.5
Azimuth
Elevation
LowMU
interference
fromhorizontal
beamforming
HighMU
interference
fromvertical
beamforming
70
1
90
2

100
1

110
2

28
2DimensionalPlane(8x8):d
H
=0.5,d
V
=4
70
1
90
2

100
1
110
2

Azimuth
LowMU
interference
fromhorizontal
beamforming
Elevation
LowMU
interference
fromvertical
beamforming
29
FDMIMOStandardizationStatus
Newscenarios Newchannelmodel
Newantennamodel
NewpathlossandLOSprobabilitymodel
SimplifiedmodelElementgeneratedmodel
Example:10 vs.M=8elementpatternforverticaldomain
TR36.814
NewModel
1
1
1
1
1
Scattersinverticaldomain
CorrelationforLSparameter
DS
DS
K
SF
ASD
ASA
K SF ASD ASA
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DS K SF ASD ASA ESD ESA
DS
K
SF
ASD
ASA
ESD
ESA
TX
RX
ASD
ASA
ESD
ESA
Scatter
PathlossgainforhighriseUE
LOSprob.ofhighriseUE
PL=PLOS(HUT)
PL=PNLOS(HUT=1.5m)
Heightgain
=a(HUT1.5)
UMi (Urbanmicro) UMa (Urbanmacro)
Highrisescenario Stadium,mall,airport
6~8floors
10m
TX
6~8floors
25m
20floors
30
FDMIMOSystemLevelSimulation
SimulationSetup:
Twotier57sectors
K=10~30UEspersector
Centerfrequency2GHz,bandwidth10MHz
UEspeed3km/huniformlydistributed
UE:2Rx,1Tx
N
T-V
N
T-H
N
T-H
N
T-V
1
1
Element gain
- 3dB BW-V:90 degree
- 3dB BW-H:90 degree
- Peak gain: 6.4dBi
31
FDMIMOEvaluationResults(1/3)
Performancewithminimumspacingofhalfortwobetweenelements
N
T
=N
V
xN
H
=8,16,32,64antennaelements
With2spacinginverticaldomain,achieve57%gainoverhalfspacing
Metric:AverageCellthroughput(bps/Hz)
(V/H)=(0.5/0.5)spacing (V/H)=(0.5/2)spacing
32
CoMP withNonIdealBackhaul
33
IntereNB CoMP withNonIdealBackhaul
Release11CoMP Release12CoMPNIB
Focusesonairinterfaceaspectonly
Reliesonproprietaryinterfacebetween
eNBs
Notdesignedforrobustperformancein
networkswithnonidealbackhaul
Shouldsupportnetworkinterfacefor
intereNB coordination
SupportcoordinationamongeNBs of
differentvendors
Designtoproviderobustperformance
eveninnetworkswithnonidealbackhaul
34
CentralizedSchedulingBetweeneNBs
Stage1:Resourcecoordination
CentralresourcecoordinatordecideswhichTPgetswhichfrequency/timeresource
Relativelyrobustagainstbackhaullatency
Stage2:UEselectionandlinkadaptation
ConveysresourcecoordinationresulttoTPs
EachTPisnotifiedofitsownresourceallocationandthoseofneighboringTPs
EachTPrunschannelopportunisticschedulerbasedonlatestCSIfromUEs
UEsreportsCSItoeNB
eNBs forwardCSIto
resourcecoordinator
Resourcecoordinator
decideswhicheNB gets
whichresource
Resourcecoordinator
notifiesresource
allocationtoeNBs
eNBs useslatestCSIand
resourcecoordinationofother
eNBs toperformscheduling
35
TwoStageResourceAllocation
Stage1:Resourcecoordination
CentralresourcecoordinatordecideswhichTPgetswhichfrequency/timeresource
Relativelyrobustagainstbackhaullatency
Stage2:UEselectionandlinkadaptation
ConveysresourcecoordinationresulttoTPs
EachTPisnotifiedofitsownresourceallocationandthoseofneighboringTPs
EachTPrunschannelopportunisticschedulerbasedonlatestCSIfromUEs
Impactoftimedelay
Resourcecoordination:lesssensitivecanhandlelargertimedelays
UEselectionandlinkadaptation:moresensitivelargeperformancedegradation
36
IntereNB CoMP EvaluationResults
Coordinationsize:N cells
2
N
1ON/OFFcombinationsconsidered
Lefttableconsiders7combinations
ResourcecoordinatorselectsON/OFF
combinationwithbestmetric
Resourcecoordinatorinformseachcells
schedulerofresourceallocation
Cell2:noresourceassigned
Cell1:resourceassigned
Cell3:resourceassigned
Resourcecoordinatorinformseachcells
schedulerofinterferingcells
Cell2:
Cell1:notifiedthatCell3isinterfering
Cell3:notifiedthatCell1isinterfering
EachcellsschedulerselectsUEsand
adjustsMCSlevelaccordingto
interferingcell(s)
Cell1 Cell2 Cell3 SumRate
Alt1
ON/OFF ON ON ON
5
Rate 2 1 2
Alt 2
ON/OFF ON ON OFF
4.8(0.2)
Rate 2.3(0.3) 2.5(1.5)
Alt 3
ON/OFF ON OFF ON
6.5(1.5)
Rate 3.5(1.5) 3(1)
Alt 4
ON/OFF ON OFF OFF
4(1)
Rate 4(2)
Alt 5
ON/OFF OFF ON ON
5.5 (0.5)
Rate 2.5(1.5) 3(1)
Alt 6
ON/OFF OFF ON OFF
4(1)
Rate 4(3)
Alt 7
ON/OFF OFF OFF ON
4.5(0.5)
Rate 4.5(2.5)
37
NetworkAssistedInterference
CancellationandSuppression
38
NetworkAssistedInterferenceCancellation/Suppression
Advancedreceiversforterminals
Canboostsystemperformanceandenduserexperience
Requireshighlycomplexterminalimplementation
NAICS(NetworkAssistedInterferenceCancellation/Suppression)
Networkprovidesinformationoninterferencetoterminal
Basedonnetworkinformation,terminalappliesadvancedreceiver
NAICSforintercellinterference NAICSforintracellinterference
CellA&CellBexchangeinfoonPDSCH
A
&PDSCH
B
Infooninterferenceisforwardedtoterminals
Intercellinterferencecancellation/suppression
InfoonPDSCH
A
&PDSCH
B
areavailableateNB
Noneedforinformationexchange
Infooninterferenceisforwardedtoterminals
MUMIMOinterferencecancellation/suppression
39
NAICSEvaluationResults
Jointsymbollevelreducedmaximumlikelihoodreceiver
Inputtoturbodecoderiscalculatedassumingknowledgeofinterferencemodulation
Randominterferenceofadiscreteconstellation(QPSK,16QAM,64QAM,etc)
LLRcalculationisdoneassuminginterferenceofadiscreteconstellation
ComparedtoazeromeanGaussiandistribution
I s
I n m S
I s
I n m S
I n m S
I n m S
D D
P
P
b P
b P
LLR
X X
X
I S
X
I S
n m
n m n m
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x y
x x y
y
y
,
,
,
,
,
, ) , (
1
,
0
,
1
,
0
,
max max
) , | (
) , | (
ln
) 1 | (
) 0 | (
ln

MeanPacketRate(bps/Hz) PacketRate@5%tile(bps/Hz)
PacketRate@50%tile(bps/Hz)
MMSEIRC 1.66 0.0%
0.26 0.0% 1.23 0.0%
RML 1.82 9.4%
0.30 17.0% 1.42 15.4%
MeanPacketRate(bps/Hz) PacketRate@5%tile(bps/Hz)
PacketRate@50%tile(bps/Hz)
MMSEIRC
1.10 0.0% 0.12 0.0% 0.71 0.0%
RML
1.31 19.0% 0.17 32.5% 0.92 28.8%
Simulationresults@60%RUforNAICSscenario1
Simulationresults@40%RUforNAICSscenario1
40
MillimeterWaveCommunication
41
SpectrumCandidates
Requirement:LargeChunksofContiguousSpectrum
Examples:13.4~14GHz,18.1~18.6GHz,27~29.5GHz,38~39.5GHz,etc.
EESS(EarthExplorationSatelliteService)FSS(FixedSatelliteService)RL(RadioLocation service),
MS(MobileService)FS(FixedService)PP(PointtoPoint)LMDS(LocalMultipointDistributionServices)
42
FriisEquationinFreeSpace(1/2)
43
FriisEquationinFreeSpace(2/2)
44
PrototypeformmWave Beamforming
SamsungsdemosystemformmWave mobiletechnology
Adaptiveantennaarraytechnology
Evaluatedinoutdoorenvironment
CarrierFrequency 27.925GHz
Bandwidth 500MHz
Max.Tx Power 37dBm
Beamwidth (HalfPower) 10
o
45
TestResults Range
OutdoorLineofSight(LoS)rangetest
Errorfreecommunicationpossibleat1.7kmwith>10dBTx powerheadroom
PencilBFbothattransmitterandreceiverenableslongrangecommunication
46
TestResults Mobility
OutdoorNonLineofSight(NLoS)mobilitytests
Adaptivejointbeamformingandtrackingeffectiveat8km/hmobilityeveninNLOS
47
TestResults BuildingPenetration
OutdoortoIndoorpenetrationtests
MosttransmissionssuccessfullyreceivedbyanindoorMSfromanoutdoorBS
Successfulpenetrationoftransmissionsthroughtintedglassesanddoors
48
ConcludingRemarks
49
EvolutionTowardsB4GandBeyond
Wirelessstandardshaveevolvedthroughouttheyears
1G(AMPS)2G(GSM,IS95)3G(WCDMA,cdma2000)4G(LTE,Wibro)
Witheachgenerationcamenewfeaturesandcapabilities
1G2G(1990s):AnalogDigital(10kbps)
2G3G(~2000):higherthan200kbps,CDMA
3G4G(~2010):higherthan1Gbps,OFDMA,MIMO
4GB4G(~2015):FDMIMO,smallcellenhancement,D2D
B4G5G:?
B4Gand5Gevolutionwillbringinyetanothersetoffeatures
Tohandleexplosionofwirelesstraffic
Tobemorecosteffective
Tohandledifferentservices,communicationscenarios,devices

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