Consumer preference for budget detergent powder/bar inGhazipur City

SURVEY PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted By: Under the Supervision
of:BhupendraYadavMr. KarunendraPratap Singh BBA.4
th
Semester
Assistant Professor,Roll No.5460058 Dept. of Business
Administration




2014

Technical Education & Research Institute
Post-Graduate College, Ravindrapuri
Ghazipur-233001


Certificate

This is to certify that BhupendraYadav, pursuing BBA4
th
semester from this
institute, has prepared the survey project report entitled Consumer
preference for budget detergent powder/bar in Ghazipur City in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Business
Administration from Veer BahadurSingh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur
during the session 2013-2014.
This report is based on survey project undertaken by BhupendraYadav under
my supervision during the course of fourth semester and fulfills the
requirements of regulations relating to the nature and standard of BBA
course of V.B.S. PurvanchalUniversity.
I recommend that this project report may be sent for evaluation.

Rahul Anand Singh KarunendraPratap Singh
Associate Professor & Head, Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Business Administration Dept. of Business Administration






Declaration

I, BhupendraYadav, hereby declare that this survey project report entitled
Consumer preference for budget detergent powder/bar inGhazipur City
has been prepared by me on the basis of survey done during the course of my
fourth semester of BBA programme under the supervision of Mr.
KarunendraPratap Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Business
Administration, TERI, Ghazipur.
This survey project report is my bona fide work and has not been submitted
in any form to any University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma
prior to the under mentioned date. I bear the entire responsibility of submission of
this project report.

30 May 2014 BhupendraYadav
BBA 4
th
Semester
Department of Business Administration
Technical Education & Research Institute
P.G. College, Ghazipur







TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface 1-2

Acknowledgement 3-3
Chapter-1 Introduction 4-35

Objectives 36-36
Importance 37-37
Scope 38-38
Chapter- 2 Research Methodology 39-49

Chapter- 3 Data Analysis & Interpretation 50-63

Chapter- 4 Finding and Recommendations 64-68

Chapter- 5 Conclusion 69-72

Summary 69-70
Limitation to study 71-72

Annexures 73-75

Bibliography & References 75-77








PREFACE
The first real insight of an organization for management student comes only
during his preparation of project work because student first interacts with real practical
work. This is first introduction to industry and its working. This project work synthesize
the theoretical concept learn in the class room and its practical orientation in
organization.
In my project I have studied the Consumer preference for budget detergent
powder/bar inGhazipur City.
The First chapter deals with the introduction of the topic, it also describes the
profile and history of detergent powder/bar industry.
In first chapter I have mentioned for detergent powder/bar industryintroduction.
The objective and need of research is also mentioned in section of project work.
The Second chapter deals with research methodology. The process of carrying out
the whole research problem is defined in it. It contains information about the objectives
of the research, methods of data collection, sampling and sample design.
Third chapter is data analysis and interpretation. This is the most important
section of the project work. This section contains the analysis of all the data collected so
far and they are interpreted to produce the final conclusion. It contains all the tables and
charts which depicts the result.
Chapter four contains the finding and recommendation of the research. This is
based on the data analyzed and interpreted in the previous chapter. This is the most
important section of the research report for a report is evaluated on the validity ad
correctness of findings.
Chapter five depicted conclusion which concludes the whole report, And later
chapters contain bibliography. Which describes the list of sources from where the matter
and information is collected? It contains the list of books, authors, web sites use etc.



BhupendraYadav
B.B.A. IV Sem.


















Acknowledgement

Many thanks to the God, who has sent me on this earth and by mercy of him, I would be able to
accomplish this research.

A person who has always encouraged me towards positive and used to say Nothing can be
impossible if you are working hard with heart and soul. The Word regard is very small for him
and I dont know what word will be appropriate for him, that person is my elder Brother
Mr. AmitPandey

I express my deep sense of gratitude and regards to Mrs. FatiShaffat (Lecturer, Dept. of
management studies, T.E.R.I., P.G. College affiliated to Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal
University) under whose guidance I completed this project, I am thankful to her valuable
guidance, gentle encouragement and pains she took in guiding me throughout the study.

Some of my Friend, Jyoti and Gauri whose suggestion for what is Right or Wrong has shown
my aim and objectives of life.
Again, I heartily express my regard to all the above person mentioned and pray to the God May
live them long.
BhupendraYadav
BBA 4
th
Sem.












Chapter -1
Introduction












CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

The liberalization and globalization of Indian economy has taken place almost a decade
ago, the focus point in any organization is Customer satisfaction. The phase such as
Customer is king in our business, service to customer is service to god are no more a
myth but turned out to be a reality. Customer satisfaction is the base of any business
expansion because of the stiff competition prevalent in the market.
Whether the buyer is satisfied after the purchase depends on the offers performance in
relation to the buyers expectation. In general; satisfaction is a persons feeling of pleasure
or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance ( or
outcome) in relation to his or her expectation.
As this definition makes clear, satisfaction is a function of perceived performance and
expectation. If the performance falls short of expectations, the customer is dissatisfied. If
the performance matches the expectations the customer is satisfied.

4.1 Perception

Unlike motivation that requires a reaction to a stimulus, perception relates to the
meaning that is assigned to that stimulus as marketers are interested in how buyers
perceive and react to products in relation to such matters as quality, aesthetics, price and
image, since products not only exist in partial terms but also how they are perceived by
consumers in relation need satisfaction. This perception by buyers is affected by the
nature of the product itself, by the circumstances of the individual buyer and by the
buyers innate situation in terms of how ready they are to make the purchase in terms of
needing it at a particular point of time.

4.2 Attitude

Our strongest basic attitudes are implanted in our formative years and these come
largely from the influence of our close family group and other social interaction. More
refined attitude develops later. In marketing terms, the sum total of our attitudes can be
regarded as a set of cognitions that a potential buyer has in relation to a potential
purchase or purchasing environment. This is why certain stores or companies go out of
their way to engender favorable attitude and it is why manufacturer seek to induce loyalty
towards their particular brand or product.

4.3 Learning
In the context of marketing, learning is a result of information received through
advertising or other publicity or through some reference group or other. In order to have
an effect on motives or attitudes, marketing effort should associate the product with
positive drives and reinforcing messages.










Detergent is a compound or mixture of components, intended to assist cleaning. They may be:
1) Detergent Soap
2) Detergent Powder


Detergent Chemistry?



To understand what is needed to achieve effective cleaning, it is helpful to have a basic
knowledge of soap and detergent chemistry

Water, the liquid commonly used for cleaning, has a property called surface
tension. In the body of the water, each molecule is surrounded and attracted by
other water molecules. However, at the surface, those molecules are surrounded by
other water molecules only on the water side. A tension is created as the water molecules at the
surface are pulled into the body of the water. This tension causes water to bead up on surfaces
(glass, fabric), which slows wetting of the surface and inhibits the cleaning process. You can see
surface tension at work by placing a drop of water onto a counter top. The drop will hold its
shape and will not spread

In the cleaning process, surface tension must be reduced so water can spread and
wet surfaces. Chemicals that are able to do this effectively are called surface active
agents, or surfactants. They are said to make water "wetter."
Surfactants perform other important functions in cleaning, such as
loosening, emulsifying (dispersing in water) and holding soil in suspension
until it can be rinsed away. Surfactants can also provide alkalinity, which
is useful in removing acidic soils.

Surfactants are classified by their ionic (electrical charge) properties
in water: anionic (negative charge), nonionic (no charge), cationic
(positive charge) and amphoteric (either positive or negative charge).

Soap is an anionic surfactant. Other anionic as well as nonionic surfactants are the main
ingredients in today's detergents. Now let's look closer at the chemistry of surfactants.

SOAPS
Soaps are water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. Soaps are made from fats and
oils, or their fatty acids, by treating them chemically with a strong alkali.
First let's examine the composition of fats, oils and alkalis; then we'll review the soapmaking
process
.Fats and Oils
The fats and oils used in soapmaking come from animal or plant sources. Each fat or oil is made
up of a distinctive mixture of several different triglycerides

In a triglyceride molecule, three fatty acid molecules are attached to one molecule of glycerine.
There are many types of triglycerides; each type consists of its own particular combination of
fatty acids
Fatty acids are the components of fats and oils that are used in making soap. They are weak
acids composed of two parts
A carboxylic acid group consisting of one hydrogen (H) atom, two oxygen (O) atoms, and one
carbon (C) atom, plus a hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group. Generally, it is
made up of a long straight chain of carbon (C) atoms each carrying two hydrogen (H) atoms.

Alkali
An alkali is a soluble salt of an alkali metal like sodium or potassium. Originally, the alkalis
used in soapmaking were obtained from the ashes of plants, but they are now made
commercially. Today, the term alkali describes a substance that chemically is a base (the
opposite of an acid) and that reacts with and neutralizes an acid.

The common alkalis used in soapmaking are sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also
called caustic soda; and potassium hydroxide (KOH), also called caustic potash.
How Soaps are Made
Saponification of fats and oils is the most widely used soapmaking process. This method
involves heating fats and oils and reacting them with a liquid alkali to produce soap and water
(neat soap) plus glycerine.

The other major soapmaking process is the neutralization of fatty acids with an alkali. Fats and
oils are hydrolyzed (split) with a high-pressure steam to yield crude fatty acids and glycerine.
The fatty acids are then purified by distillation and neutralized with an alkali to produce soap
and water (neat soap).

When the alkali is sodium hydroxide, a sodium soap is formed. Sodium soaps are "hard" soaps.
When the alkali is potassium hydroxide, a potassium soap is formed. Potassium soaps are softer
and are found in some liquid hand soaps and shaving creams


The carboxylate end of the soap molecule is attracted to water. It
is called the hydrophilic (water-loving) end. The hydrocarbon chain is attracted to oil and grease
and repelled by water. It is known as the hydrophobic (water-hating) end.



SURFACTANTS IN DETERGENTS
<>A detergent is an effective cleaning product because it contains one or more surfactants. Because of
their chemical makeup, the surfactants used in detergents can be engineered to perform well under a
variety of conditions. Such surfactants are less sensitive than soap to the hardness minerals in water
and most will not form a film

Detergent surfactants were developed in response to a shortage of animal and vegetable fats and oils
during World War I and World War II. In addition, a substance that was resistant to hard water was
needed to make cleaning more effective. At that time, petroleum was found to be a plentiful source for
the manufacture of these surfactants. Today, detergent surfactants are made from a variety of
petrochemicals (derived from petroleum) and/or oleochemicals (derived from fats and oils).
Petrochemicals and Oleochemicals
Like the fatty acids used in soapmaking, both petroleum and fats and oils contain
hydrocarbon chains that are repelled by water but attracted to oil and grease in soils.
These hydrocarbon chain sources are used to make the water-hating end of the surfactant
molecule.
Other Chemicals
Chemicals, such as sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid and ethylene oxide, are used to produce the water-
loving end of the surfactant molecule
Alkalis
As in soapmaking, an alkali is used to make detergent surfactants. Sodium and potassium hydroxide
are the most common alkalis

How Detergent Surfactants Are Made
Anionic Surfactants
The chemical reacts with hydrocarbons derived from petroleum or fats
and oils to produce new acids similar to fatty acids.
A second reaction adds an alkali to the new acids to produce one type of anionic surfactant molecule.
Nonionic Surfactants

Nonionic surfactant molecules are produced by first converting the hydrocarbon to an alcohol and then
reacting the fatty alcohol with ethylene oxide.
HOW SOAPS AND DETERGENTS WORK

These types of energy interact and should be in proper balance. Let's look at how they work together.
Let's assume we have oily, greasy soil on clothing. Water alone will not remove this soil. One
important reason is that oil and grease present in soil repel the water molecules.
Now let's add soap or detergent. The surfactant's water-hating end is repelled by water but attracted to
the oil in the soil. At the same time, the water-loving end is attracted to the water molecules.
These opposing forces loosen the soil and suspend it in the water. Warm or hot water helps dissolve
grease and oil in soil. Washing machine agitation or hand rubbing helps pull the soil free.




Marketing means understanding and responding to customer needs, a pre-requisite (condition)
for any organization success.
According to American marketing association, marketing is concerned with people and the
activities involved in the flow of goods and serves from the producer to the consumer.
According to W.J. Santan, marketing is a total system of business activities designed to plan,
prices, promise and distribute want satisfying goods and services to present and potential
customer.











NEED
WANTS
PRODUCT
SERVICE
DESIGN
PRODUTION SALES
SATISFACTION
DETERGENT MARKET IN INDIA
The Indian fabric wash products market was a highly fragmented one. There was a sizeable
unorganized sector. Of the 23 lakh-tonne market, laundry soaps and bars made from vegetable
oils accounted for around seven lakh tonnes with synthetic detergents making up the rest.
Detergent cakes accounted for 40% of the synthetic detergent used, while powder accounted for
the rest. Washing powders were categorized into four segments - economy (selling at less than
Rs.25 per kg), mid-priced (Rs.25 - Rs. 90 per kg), premium (Rs. 90 - Rs. 120 per kg) and
compact (selling at over Rs. 120 per kg). The compact, premium and medium priced segments
together accounted for 20% of the volume share and 35% of the value share. The economy
segment made up the remaining lion's share of the market. The fabric wash industry in India was
characterized by low per capita consumption, especially in rural markets. The major players in
the Indian detergent market were HLL, P&G, Nirma and Henkel (through its joint venture with
SPIC, a leading petrochemical company based in the south Indian city of Chennai).

MARKET SHARE


Major Players:

Ghari
Rin
Wheel
Tide
Nirma











NIRMA
NIRMA is one of the few names - which is instantly recognized as a true Indian brand, which
took on mighty multinationals and rewrote the marketing rules to win the heart of princess, i.e.
the consumer.
Nirma, the proverbial Rags to Riches saga of Dr. Karsanbhai Patel, is a classic example of the
success of Indian entrepreneurship in the face of stiff competition. Starting as a one-man
operation in 1969, today, it has about 14, 000 employee-base and annual turnover is above Rs.
25, 00 crores.India is a one of the largest consumer economy, with burgeoning middle class pie.
In such a widespread, diverse marketplace, Nirma aptly concentrated all its efforts towards
creating and building a strong consumer preference towards its value-for-money products.
Now, the year 2004 sees Nirmas annual sales touch 800,000 tones, making it one of
the largest volume sales with a single brand name in the world. Looking at the FMCG synergies,
Nirma stepped into toilet soaps relatively late in 1990 but this did not deter it to achieve a
volume of 100,000 per annum. This makes Nirma the largest detergent and the second largest
toilet soap brand in India with market share of 38% and 20% respectively.

SURF EXCEL

Surf Excel is currently running two campaigns riding on the popularity of the "Daag Ache Hain"
( Dirt is good) campaign.The new campaign too strikes a chord with the consumers. Continuing
with the earlier campaign, the new ad features two kids taking a Puddle fight to distract their
fighting parents fighting over a car collision. The voice over says " ifsome thing good happens
because of dirt then Dirt is Good". According to a report in agencyfaqs, the creative team had a
tough task in continuing a classic campaign and no doubt they have been very successful.
The second campaign takes a cue from the World cup. The ad features a group of kids preparing
for World Cup 2015.

WASHING POWDER and CAKE

Sr. Name of the Product Multi National Company Indian Substitute
01. Aril, Tide
Proctor and Gamble India
Ltd.
Nirma,
02. Surf-Ultra Hindustan Lever Ltd. Plus,
03. Rin Hindustan Lever Ltd. 555, 501, 255
04. Wheel Hindustan Lever Ltd. Chabi
05. Wheel(cake) Hindustan Lever Ltd. Ghadi
06. Sunlight Hindustan Lever Ltd. Doctor
07. Sunlight(cake) Hindustan Lever Ltd. Hipolin
08. Surf-Ultra (powder) Hindustan Lever Ltd. Fena
09. Check (powder) Henkel Spic India Ltd. Dhara
10. White (powder) Rebit and Colman India Ltd. Date
11. Vim(powder) Hindustan Lever Ltd. Dot
12. Harpic
Rebit and Colman of India
Ltd.
Superfine,Vimal
13. Colin Rebit and Colmen India Ltd. some of the soaps
14. Bricks Henkel Spic India Ltd. of the local industries.


MARKRTING STRATEGIES OF ALL THE MAJOR PLAYERS.

When Procter& Gamble India (P&G) entered the detergent ,market of India at the beginning of
the 1990s, the market had just calmed down after a decade long battle between HLLs Surf and
Nirma of Nirma Chemicals. Though there were many detergent brands in the market Det, Key,
Pont, Chase, Vimal, Vijay, Adhunik, Plus, Hipolene, Tej, Mazda ,Sanzar , etc Surf remained
the leader and Nirma the challenger. Choosing the price conscious, lower segment as its market
and taking advantage of the concessions as an SSI unit, Nirma Chemicals offered a low-priced
brand and promoted it aggressively. HLL had to defend Surf with all its might. The company
stepped up its promotion of Surf, relying heavily on aspects like quality and value for money. In
addition, HLL introduced a low priced brand, Wheel, and positioned it directly against Nirma in
the same segment. HLL also introduced Sunlight detergent powder, a brand extension of its
Sunlight washing soap taking advantage of its time tested brand image. Yet, within a few years,
Nirma garnered a share of 35 per cent of the market and literally shook Hindustan Lever. The
latter had been the market leader for years without any significant challenge whatsoever. Also,
by then the detergents market of India had grown into aRs 1,800 crore market. It was into this
market that P&G entered with its Ariel as a direct contestant against Surf. In fact, the P&G-HLL
battle finally turned out to be one of the major marketing encounters of the 1990s. P&G and
Lever, the rivals around the world, were now combating on Indian ground.
How did P&G go about marketing Ariel? What marketing strategy did P&G employ? P&G
Seeks leadership position in the industry: P&G laid down its marketing strategy in respect of
Ariel: P&G aims at making Ariel the leading detergent brand of India, squarely confronting the
exiting market leader, Hindustan Lever, and its leading brand, Surf. Our marketing strategy will
be centered around this major theme. The company will stick to this plan even if it means
sacrificing profits in the short run. P&G put Ariel on the Indian market in 1990, positioning it
directly against HLLs Surf.

DETERGENTS UNDER SCRUTINY

The virtually unregulated use of pollutant chemicals in the Indian detergent industry is a situation
that needs to be quickly reversed, says Toxics Link.

October 2002 - Cleanliness has been an important consideration for human beings from time
immemorial, but the relation between personal and environmental cleanliness is a less obvious
one. Soap making dates back to about 1500 BC, the earliest records indicate that a combination
of animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salts was used to form a soap-like material. In ancient
India too, people used soap preparations made from plant or animal fats. Modern technology has
provided synthetic detergents that have slowly replaced soaps. The first detergents were used
chiefly for hand dishwashing and fine fabric laundering. This was followed by the development
of all-purpose laundry detergents introduced in the U.S.
in 1946.
Today, India has a diverse range of detergents available off the shelf. The annual consumption of
detergents in India ranges to hundreds of thousands of tonnes. The formal sector with its
increasing ability to influence consumers via advertisements is expanding its market share
aggressively. The detergent market has evolved into a highly competitive one where a myriad
brands vie with each other to get the customers' attention. Each brand claims to clean whiter,
boasting of technologically dubious terms such as fighting granules, power pearls, etc.
Detergents and health

Detergents are household chemical cleaning compounds used for laundering and dishwashing.
They contain wetting agents and emulsifiers, based on non-soap synthetic surfactants. Synthetic
detergent powders consist of surface-active agents, builders and fillers. In addition they have
additives like anti re-deposition agents, optical fibre brighteners (whitening agents), bluing
agents, bleaching agents, foam regulators, organic sequestering agents, enzymes, perfumers, and
substances that regulate the density and assure crispness of the material they are used on.
A study done to understand the Indian consumers knowledge of harmful effects of detergents on
health and environment, showed that 77.6 percent of respondents had experienced some kinds of
skin irritation due to detergents. Of these the majority comprised of dhobis and rural women.
Conventional laundry detergents leave chemical residues on the clothes. These residues enter our
bodies either through the skin or through the lungs. They cause many common health problems
including allergies, skin infections and in rare cases, cancer. The fragrances used in laundry
detergents can prove allergic and be highly irritating to lungs, causing serious health effects to
people with asthma or chronic heart problems.
The usual result of a continuous and excessive exposure of the skin to detergents is drying,
fissuring and dotting of the keratin layer leading to increased permeability that causes
sensitization, which may develop into dermatitis. Elderly people are more susceptible to
infections that may lead to developing eczema.

Detergents and water pollution

Most laundry detergents in India are phosphate based. Phosphates are a major source of water
pollution that has become the direct cause of 42 per cent of human and animal diseases. In India,
per capita consumption of detergents in 1994 was 2.8 kg per annum. This is projected to rise to
over 4 kg/capita by 2005. In rural areas the use of detergent bars is expected to grow 7-8 per cent
annually. The figures are of concern because high quality detergents have as much as 35 per cent
STPP in them. According to Prof Narinder K. Kauschik, Professor emeritus for environmental
biology at the CanadianUniversity of Guelph, "the main problem is that of phosphate-based
detergents promoting eurtrophication of aquatic environments."
Eutrophication or Nutrient pollution is a process by which water bodies gradually age and
become more productive. Any natural process like this might take thousands of years to progress
but human activities accelerate this process tremendously. The presence of excessive plant
nutrients causes pollution of water bodies. These plant nutrients are supplied primarily in the
form of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon to water bodies in various ways. Sewage perhaps is a
particular source of phosphorus when detergents containing large amounts of phosphates are
drained during washing. The algal boom leads to consumption of the oxygen dissolved in water,
creating hypoxic, and at times, near anoxic situation. This can lead to excessive eutrophication
that kills the fish, cause odour and increase pathogenic animals.


Seasonal impacts

Run-off of phosphates into water streams is not only due to detergents, but also due to fertilizers
and manures. Findings show that during the dry seasons when the run-off from agriculture is
virtually zero, and manure run-off is down to one fifth of the total annual rate, detergents are
responsible for additional loadings of rivers by about 7.3 per cent which poses significant
eutrophication impact risks. In India, it is not uncommon to see ponds, lakes and part of rivers
choking with algae or other aquatic plants. In the Indian context, this is a grim situation since
these water bodies are the primary sources of water for a large section of the population.


The Detergent Industry

Detergent industry refuses to take any action due to a lack of mandatory legislations. As a
proactive response to environment risks as result of increasing levels of phosphates, the industry
needs to reduce the perilously high phosphate levels of 30 per cent to far lower numbers.
Industry representatives have declined to do so on grounds that the amount of phosphate used in
northern countries is higher as compared to that in India. The fact is that India relies only on
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) which are not fully functional even in metropolitan cities unlike
northern countries where STPs are installed for every few households. Industry ought to label its
products voluntarily for containing phosphate so that it can be left to the consumer to decide.
According to Prof. Kaushick strict regulations in North America and Europe makes it mandatory
for the multinational detergent industry to produce detergents with nominal phosphate content
(or even phosphate-free detergent). The same industry absolves itself of this responsibility in
India, where it manufactures detergents with a high phosphate content. The industry vehemently
opposes any regulation of phosphate use in detergents. It is not prepared to indicate the
percentage phosphate content on detergent packages.

Better options - Eco-friendly household cleaning powders

An environmentally superior detergent is the one that makes use of lesser chemical ingredients.
The toxicity of detergents decreases by non-addition of additives like perfumes, colour and
brightening agents. Minimal packaging can also reduce environmental harm substantially.
Synthetic surfactants may be replaced by non-petrochemical surfactants or vegetable oil soaps;
builders like phosphates can be replaced by sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate; dyes and
fragrances can be eliminated or minimized. For a simple formula to make your own detergent,
write to Toxics Link.
Detergent use can never be a totally non-polluting activity. The consumer needs to be informed
that the smaller detergent products can also be the least polluting ones. Consumers must press for
implementation of labeling standards and regulation so that they may avail of environmentally
friendly choices. Using 'green detergents' that do not contain non-essential additives like
perfumes, colour and brightening agents in minimal packaging will go a long way in ensuring a
cleaner and healthier environment.












Objective

























Importance















Scope













Chapter -2
Research Methodology

















Research Methodology

Research methodology is a scientific way to solve research problem. It may be understood as a
science of studying how research is doing scientifically. In it we study various steps that are
generaly adopted by researchers in studying their research problem.

Research design
Plan for a study that is used as a guide in collecting and analyzing of data. Research design
mainly following types
1. Exploratory research
2. Descriptive research
3. Experimental research

1. Exploratory research
It is preliminary study of an unfamiliar problem about which the researcher has title or no
knowledge. it is similar to a doctors initial investigation of patient suffering from and
unfamiliar melody for getting some clues for identifying it.
2. Descriptive research
Descriptive research is a fact-finding investigation with adequate interpretation. It is simplest
type of research. It is more specific than an exploratory study as it has focus on particular
aspects or dimensions of problem studied. It is designed to gather descriptive information
provides information for formulating more sophisticated studies.
3. Experimental research
There are various phenomena such as motivation, productivity, development and operational
efficiency which is influenced by various variable on a phenomenon. This need has given
rise to experimental research.
Note-
I have use the descriptive study in this research.

Sampling Techniques Or Methods
Sampling techniques of method is classified into two types
1. Probability sampling
2. Non-probability sampling

1- Probability sampling
The probability sampling is the based on the theory of probability. It is also known as
random sampling. It provide known non-zero chance of selection for each population it
element. In the probability sampling every population has equal chance of being selected.

2- Non-probability sampling
It is not based on the theory of probability it is also called non random sampling. This
sampling does not provide a chance of selection of each population element the only merits
of this type of sampling are simplicity, convenience and low cost.

Note-
We adopt the probability sampling techniques in this research

Data Collection Techniques
1. Primary data
2. Secondary data
1. Primary Data
Primary data are directly collected by the researcher from their original sources. In this case,
researcher can collect the required data precisely according to the research needs, he can collect
them when he wants them and in the form of he needs them. But collection of primary data is
costly and time consuming. There are various sources of primary data observation, interviewing,
mail survey, experimentation etc.
2. Secondary Data
Secondary data are those data which have been already collected and analysed by some earlier
agency for its own use, and later the same data and are used by a different agency. Its sources are
may be classified as internal source and external source.

Note-
I have use the primary data in our survey.
Sampling size-
The sampling size of the study of 100 units.
I.


B) DATA COLLECTION METHOD




PRIMARY SECONDARY


Direct personal Interview
Indirect personal Interview

Information from correspondents Govt. publication
Mailed questionnaire Report Committees & Commissions
Question filled by enumerators. Private Publication
Research institute







Published Sources Unpublished
Sources


Chapter -3
Data Analysis
&
Interpretation





Q-1. Do you user of detergent or bar?



Particular No of respondent Percentage
Yes 100 100%
No 00 00%
Total 100 100%













0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No
100%
0%
User of detergent or bar
Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 100% respondent use detergent and bar.
Interpretation
The above analysis shows that all of the respondents use detergent and bar.


































Q-2. Which product generally you use?


Particular No of respondent Percentage
Detergent 38 38%
Bar 22 22%
Both 40 40%
Total 100 100%











0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Detergent Bar Both
38%
22%
40%
Product generally you use


Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 38% respondent use detergent and 22% respondents
use bar and 40% respondents use both.
Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondents use both detergent and bar..






























Q-3. Which Brand of washing powder/bar do you use?


Particular No of respondent Percentage
Ghari 22 22%
Rin 18 18%
Wheel 20 20%
Tide 17 17%
Other 23 23%
Total 100 100%






0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Ghari Rin Wheel Tide Other
22%
18%
20%
17%
23%
Brand of washing powder/bar do you use

Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 22% respondent use Ghari Brand of washing
powder/bar, 18% respondent use Rin Brand of washing powder/bar, 20% respondent use wheel
Brand of washing powder/bar, 17% respondent use Tide Brand of washing powder/bar, and 23%
respondent use other Brand of washing powder/bar

Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondents use other Brand of washing powder/bar.

























Q-4. From which source you get the information about detergent/bar?



Particular No of respondent Percentage
. Television 43 43%
Newspaper 13 13%
Shopkeeper 15 15%
Friends 10 10%
Other 19 19%
Total 100 100%









0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
. Television Newspaper Shopkeeper Friends Other
43%
13%
15%
10%
19%
Information source about detergent/bar


Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 43% respondent get information from T.V., 13%
respondent get information from Newspaper, 15% respondent get information from Shop keeper,
10% respondent get information from Friends and 19% respondent get information from Other
sources.
Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondents get information from T.V.

























Q-5. Which companies provide more variety and schemes?


Particular No of respondent Percentage
Ghari 12 22%
Rin 32 32%
Wheel 20 20%
Tide 17 17%
Other 23 23%
Total 100 100%





























Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 22% respondent say Ghari Company provide more
variety and schemes, 32% respondent say Rin Company provide more variety and schemes, 20%
respondent say wheel Company provide more variety and schemes, 17% respondent say Tide
Company provide more variety and schemes, and 23% respondent say Other Company provide
more variety and schemes,

Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondent say Rin Company provide more variety
and schemes.




















Q-6. In what quantity do you buy washing powder/bar?



Particular No of respondent Percentage
100 G.g. 22 22%
250 G.m. 18 18%
500 G.m 20 20%
1 K.g. 17 17%
2 K.g. 23 23%
Other 00 00
Total 100 100%


























Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 22% respondent 100 gram quantity buy washing
powder/bar, 18% respondent 250 gram quantity buys washing powder/bar, 20% respondent 500
gram quantity buys washing powder/bar, 17% respondent 1 K.G. quantity buys washing
powder/bar, 23% respondent 2 K.G. quantity buys washing powder/bar, 00% respondent other
quantity buys washing powder/bar.

Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondent 2 K.G. quantity buys washing powder/bar.


























Q-7. How often you buy washing powder/bar?


Particular No of respondent Percentage
Daily 22 22%
Weekly 18 18%
Monthly 60 60%
Total 100 100%

































Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 22% respondent daily buy washing powder/bar, 18%
respondent weekly buy washing powder/bar, and 60% respondent monthly buy washing
powder/bar.
Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondents monthly buy washing powder/bar.





























Q-8. What quantity of detergent powder and bar generally you consumes/use in a month?

Powder Using Bar Using
100 G.m 0-6
250 G.m 6-9
500 G.m 9-12
1 K.g. 12-15







































Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 22% respondent say Ghari Company provide more
variety and schemes, 32% respondent say Rin Company provide more variety and schemes, 20%
respondent say wheel Company provide more variety and schemes, 17% respondent say Tide
Company provide more variety and schemes, and 23% respondent say Other Company provide
more variety and schemes,

Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondent say Rin Company provide more variety
and schemes.




















Q-9. From where do you like to buy your washing powder?


Particular No of respondent Percentage
Hyper market 22 22%
Retail store in sopping 18 18%
Kirana store 40 40%
Home delivery 12 12%
Other 8 8%
Total 100 100%





























Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 22% respondent like to buy washing powder from
hyper market, 18% respondent like to buy washing powder from retail store, 40% respondent
like to buy washing powder from kirana store, 12% respondent like to buy washing powder from
home delivery, and 8% respondent like to buy washing powder from other way.

Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondent like to buy washing powder from kirana
store.






















Q-10.Which factor youre regarding preference detergent/bar?



Particular No of respondent Percentage
Price 18 18%
Quality 22 22%
Schemes 8 8%
Other 12 12%
Advertisement 40 40%
Total 100 100%





























Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that18% respondent say regarding price factor preference
detergent/bar, 22% respondent say regarding quality factor preference detergent/bar, 8%
respondent say regarding scheme factor preference detergent/bar, 12% respondent say regarding
other factor preference detergent/bar, and 40% respondent say regarding advertisement factor
preference detergent/bar.
Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondent says regarding advertisement factor
preference detergent/bar.





















Q-11.Rate your preference regarding detergent/bar?




Particular No of respondent Percentage
Price 2 22%
Quality 1 40%
Safety 3 18%
Nose 5 8%
Availability 4 12%
Total 100 100%



























Analysis
After the survey the researcher found that 22% respondent ranked 2
nd
for the price of
detergent/bar, 22% respondent ranked 2
nd
for the price of detergent/bar,

Interpretation
The above analysis shows that most of the respondent says regarding advertisement factor
preference detergent/bar.
















































Q-12.What is the satisfaction level of with your prefer brand?
a. Highly Satisfied b. Satisfied
c. Highly dissatisfied d. Dissatisfied











































QUESTIONAIRE
Dear Respondent,
Myself BhupendraYadav pursuing B.B.A. at T.E.R.I. P.G. GHAZIPUR. I seek your
responses and kind co-operation for the purpose of my survey project report.

THANK YOU
BhupendraYadav
B.B.A.4
th
sem
T.E.R.I. P.G. College Ghazipur
Name.Occupation.
AgeGender
Education.Income..
Q-1. Do you user of detergent or bar?
a.yes b.No
Q-2. Which product generally you use?
a. Detergent b. Bar
c. Both
Q-3. Which Brand of washing powder/bar do you use?
a. Ghari b.Rin
c. Wheel d.Tide
e. Other
Q-4. From which source you get the information about detergent/bar?
a. Television b.Newspaper
c. Shopkeeper d. Friends
e. Other
Q-5. Which company provide more variety and schemes?
a. Ghari b.Rin
c. Wheel d.Tide
e. Other
Q-6. In what quantity do you buy washing powder/bar?
a. 100 G.g. b.250 G.m.
c. 500 G.m. d.1 K.g.
e. 2 K.g. f. Other
Q-7. How often you buy washing powder/bar?
a. Daily b. Weekly
c. Monthly
Q-8. What quantity of detergent powder and bar generally you consumes/use in a month?
Powder Using Bar Using
100 G.m 0-6
250 G.m 6-9
500 G.m 9-12
1 K.g. 12-15

Q-9. From where do you like to buy your washing powder?
a. Hayper market b. Retail store in sopping
c. Kirana store d. Home delivery
e. Other
Q-10.Which factor youre regarding preference detergent/bar?
a. Price b. Quality
c. Advertisement d. Schemes
e. Other
Q-11.Rate your preference regarding detergent/bar?
Price Quality Safety Nose Availability



Q-12.What is the satisfaction level of with your prefer brand?
a. Highly Satisfied b. Satisfied
c. Highly dissatisfied d. Dissatisfied
Q-11.You suggestion if any?