OC and SC test on Single phase transformer

Theory
The purpose of this test is to determine no load loss or core loss and no load current I
0
. This is
helpful in finding X
0
and R
0
.
One winding of the transformer whichever is convenient but usually HV winding is ept open
and the other is connected to its supply of normal voltage and fre!uency. " wattmeter #$ voltmeter
and ammeter " are connected in the present case. #ith normal voltage applied to the primary
normal flu% will be set up in the cores hence normal iron losses will occur which are recorded by the
wattmeter. "s the primary no load current Io is small. &u loss is negligibly small in primary. Hence
the wattmeter reading represents the core loss under no load conditions.
It should be noted that since I
0
is very small$ the pressure coils of wattmeter and the
voltmeter are connected such that the current in these do not pass through the current coil of
wattmeter.
Load test on single phase Transformer
Theory
#hen the secondary is loaded the secondary current I
'
is setup. The magnitude and phase
of I
'
with respect to V
'
is determined by the characteristics of the load. The secondary current
sets up its own mmf and hence its own flu% (
'
which is in opposition to main primary flu% (
which is due to I
0
the secondary ampere turns )
'
*I
'
are nown as demagneti+ing ampere turns
The opposing secondary flu% I
'
weaens the primary flu% ( momentary. Hence primary bac
,mf ,
-
tends to be reduced. .or a moment V
-
gain the upper handover ,
-
and hence causes
more current to flow in primary.
/et the additional primary current be I
'
-
.It is nown as load component of primary current.
This current is antiphase with I
'
-
the additional primary mmf )
-
*I
'
sets up its own flu% (
'
-
which
is in opposite to (
'
and is e!ual to its magnitude. Hence the two cancel each other out. 0o the
magnetic effects of secondary current I
'
are immediately neutrali+ed by the additional primary
current I
'
-
.Hence whatever the load conditions be$ the net flu% passing through core is
appro%imately the same as no1load.
Load test on single phase induction motor
Theory
0ingle phase motors are manufactured in fractional ilowatt range to be operated an
single phase supply and for use in numerous applications lie ceiling fans$ refrigerators$ food
mi%ers$ hair driers$ portable drills$ vaccum cleaners$ washing machines etc.
" single phase induction motor has two main parts namely stator and rotor. " single phase
supply is connected to the stator winding. This produces an alternating current to the stator
winding. This current produces an alternating flu% in the air gap between the stator and the rotor.
The alternating flu% passes over the rotor conductors and induces an emf into it due to
transformer action. 2ue to this induced voltage$ current starts flowing through the
rotor conductor. This current will then produces its own flu% called the rotor flu%. The main
flu% produced by the stator winding interacts with the rotor flu% to produce the tor!ue. The
rotor flu% gets produced due to the principle of induction hence the name of the motor is
induction motor. 0ingle phase induction motors are not self starting lie the dc motors.
2epending upon the method of starting$ they are classified into$
i30plit phase induction motor
ii3&apacitor start induction motor
iii3&apacitor run induction motor
iv3&apacitor start capacitor run induction motor
v30haded pole induction motor
Two wattmeter method for power measurement