FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE

APRIL 2011 FINAL EXAMINATION

SUBJECT: BIOLOGY 1
SUBJECT CODE: FIS0414 & BIO011
TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS
(0!00 AM " 12!00 PM#
DATE: APRIL 21$ 2011
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1. Answer ALL questions.
2. There are FORTY (40# questions in SECTION A.
3. There are SIX (%# questions in SECTION B. Answer ALL questions.
INFORMATION TO CANDIDATE:
1. You are permitted to use a non-programmable electronic calculator in this
examination.
SECTION A
A&'()* ALL +,)'-./&'
1! Which molecule accounts for a cell membranes flexible and fluid nature!
A. "rotein.
B. #l$cogen.
C! #l$colipid.
D! "hospholipids.
2! %ow are carboh$drates& lipids& proteins and nucleic acids similar!
A! The$ act as catal$sts.
B! The$ are made up of carbon atoms.
C! The$ ha'e a tertiar$ shape held together b$ h$drogen bonds.
D! The$ form part of the phospholipid bila$er in the cell membrane
3! (n pro)ar$otic organisms **********.
A! translation occurs at the ribosome
B! transcription occurs in the nucleus
C! chromosomes are usuall$ linear
D! +,A is onl$ found in plasmids
4. The diagram shows a portion of a plasma membrane.
-olecule . is ******.
A! gl$colipid
B! cholesterol
C! phospholipid
D! globular protein
2
0! /acilitated diffusion is a form of cell transport that ********.
A! mo'es ox$gen and carbon dioxide across membranes
B! occurs against a concentration gradient
C! requires specific protein channels
D! uses energ$ supplied b$ AT"
%! An example of passi'e mo'ement across a plasma membrane is *****.
A! a macrophage engulfing a bacterium
B! goblet cells of the small intestine secreting mucus into the gut lumen
C! a freshwater unicellular organism gaining water from its natural surroundings
D! the axon of a neurone exchanging sodium and potassium ions when the cell is stimulated
R)1)* -/ -2) 3.45*46 7)8/( -/ 4&'()* 9,)'-./& :
:! The diagram abo'e is a representation of ******.
A! mitosis
B! apoptosis
C! binar$ fission
D! gamete formation
3
;! -olecules found in an animal cell membrane include ***********.
A! chitin
B! cellulose
C! cholesterol
D! nucleotides
R)1)* -/ -2) 3.45*46 7)8/( -/ 4&'()* 9,)'-./&
! The abo'e process ta)es place in the ********** of the cell.
A! nucleus
B! ribosome
C! #olgi bod$
D! rough endoplasmic reticulum
10! #l$cogen is ********.
A! a pol$saccharide found in animal cells
B! an energ$-storing lipid molecule
C! a molecule in which plants store sugars
D! a pol$saccharide found in plant cell walls
11! 0ipids are ******.
A! used as an energ$ source
B! in'ol'ed in acti'e transport
C! part of gl$coprotein molecules
D! transported b$ rough endoplasmic reticulum
12! /att$ acids containing double bonds are found in *********.
1
A! proteins
B! saturated lipids
C! pol$saccharides
D! unsaturated lipids
13! What accounts for the secondar$ structure of a protein molecule!
A! %$drol$sis
B! +enaturation
C! (onic bonding
D! %$drogen bonding
14 The ma2or component of a plant cell wall is a product formed from the deh$dration
s$nthesis of **********.
A! fatt$ acids
B! nucleotides
C! amino acids
D! monosaccharides
10. When a protein loses its normal three-dimensional configuration& it is said to be *********.
A! saturated
B. denatured
C. neutrali3ed
D. s$nthesi3ed
R)1)* -/ -2) 3.45*46 7)8/( -/ 4&'()* 9,)'-./& 1%
1%! The polarit$ of the molecule abo'e accounts for which of the following characteristics!
A! An acidic p%
B! 0ow densit$ as a liquid
C! (ts abilit$ to act as a sol'ent
D! (ts abilit$ to buffer reactions
4
T2) 1/88/(.&5 .&1/*64-./& .' *)+,.*)3 1/* 9,)'-./&' 1: 4&3 1;
The en3$me lactase digests lactose.
Two test tubes where set up using 4 m0 of lactose s$rup and 5.4 m0 of lactase. Test tube
/&) was incubated at 3678& while test tube -(/ was incubated at 1478. 9oth tubes were
incubated for 15 minutes.
1:! At the end of 15 minutes& the amount of glucose produced in test tube -(/ when compared
to test tube /&) would be *********.
A! lower as the en3$mes acti'e site would ha'e denatured at this temperature
B! equal as lowering the temperature does not affect digestion of lactose
C! lower as there would be fewer collisions between the substrate and the en3$me
D! equal as the two test tubes contained the same amount of lactose and lactase en3$me
1;! (n another experiment& test tube -2*)) was compared with test tube 1/,*. :ach tube
contained 4 m0 of lactose s$rup. Tube -2*)) contained 5.4 m0 of lactase and tube 1/,*
contained 5.24 m0 of lactase. The two tubes were incubated at 1478 and monitored for 15
minutes.
The result for test tube -2*)) is shown below.


The graph of results for tube 1/,* would resemble ********.
;

R)1)* -/ -2) 1/88/(.&5 3.45*46 -/ 4&'()* +,)'-./& 1

1! (n the series of en3$me reactions shown abo'e& product < is able to occup$ the acti'e site of
en3$me :
2
. "roduct < can therefore first inhibit the production of **********.
A! .
B! :
2
C. Y
D! <
R)1)* -/ -2) 3.45*46 7)8/( -/ 4&'()* +,)'-./& 20
6
20! (n the diagram abo'e& molecule X is acting as ***********.
A! a substrate
B! an en3$me
C! a coen3$me
D! a competiti'e inhibitor
21! When the acti'e site of an en3$me is denatured& ********.
A! substrates cannot be formed
B! a quaternar$ structure is achie'ed
C! the acti'ation energ$ is decreased
D! an en3$me-substrate complex cannot be formed

R)1)* -/ -2) 1/88/(.&5 3.45*46 -/ 4&'()* +,)'-./& 22
=
22! To represent the >loc) and )e$? model of en3$matic action& in which order would the
diagrams abo'e ha'e to be placed!
A! 1 @2 @3 @1
B! 1 @1 @2 3
C! 2 @3 @1 1
D! 2 @1 @3 1
R)1)* -/ -2) 1/88/(.&5 3.45*46 -/ 4&'()* +,)'-./& 23
23! The graph shows the effect of p% on three different en3$me-catal$3ed reactions. Which of
the following would 7)'- describe the effect of p% on en3$me-catal$3ed reactions!
A! :n3$me action increases as p% increases
B! :n3$me action decreases as p% increases
C! :n3$mes wor) best in an acid en'ironment
D! :ach en3$me wor)s best within a specific p% range
R)1)* -/ -2) 3.45*46 -/ 4&'()* 9,)'-./& 24
A
24! The diagram abo'e is a cross-section of a leaf where the arrows represent the net
mo'ement of two substances. These substances& . and Y& are Bin orderC *******.
A! water and ox$gen
B! water and carbon dioxide
C! carbon dioxide and ox$gen
D! ox$gen and carbon dioxide
20! The following image shows a portion of an electron photomicrograph of a chloroplast
0ight-dependent reactions occur in region " and the 8al'in c$cle reactions occur in region
D. 8onsidering e'ents that occur in a chloroplast during photos$nthesis it is reasonable to
claim that *****.
A! ox$gen is an input to reactions at ".
B! carbon dioxide is an input to reactions at D.
C! chloroph$ll is essential for reactions that occur at D.
D! A+" produced during the e'ents at " is used b$ e'ents at D.
2% The light reaction of photos$nthesis does not include ********.

15
A. chemiosmosis
B! ox$gen liberation
C! charge separation
D! electron transport
2:! Which of the following statements about photos$nthesis is true!
A! the light-dependent reactions can occur onl$ in the light& the light-independent reactions
onl$ in the dar)
B! photorespiration is more efficient at producing glucose than is photos$nthesis
C! the light-dependent reactions produce the energ$-rich compounds that are used to run the
light-independent reactions
D! all of the abo'e are true
2;! The process of photos$nthesis produces **********.
A! starch& which is metaboli3ed into less complex molecules b$ deh$dration s$nthesis
B! protein& which is metaboli3ed into less complex molecules b$ deh$dration s$nthesis
C! gl$cerol& which is metaboli3ed into more complex carboh$drates b$ deh$dration
s$nthesis
D! glucose& which is metaboli3ed into more complex carboh$drates b$ deh$dration
s$nthesis
2! (n humans& the substance which is produced anaerobicall$ during strenuous acti'it$ is ****.
A! lactic acid
B! gl$cogen
C! carbon dioxide
D! alcohol
30! A compound that is s$nthesi3ed b$ both humans and hibiscus plants is *******.
A! cellulose
B! AT"
C! eth$l alcohol
D! chloroph$ll
31. (n the oxidation of glucose to water and carbon dioxide& en3$mes are needed to catal$3e the
*********.
A! combination of glucose molecules
B! release of energ$ b$ h$drogen remo'al
C! storage of energ$ in gl$cogen molecules
11
D! production of lactic acid
32! #l$col$sis pro'ides a cell with a net gain of ********* AT" molecules.
A! 2
B. 1
C! 1=
D! 3;
33! The process common to aerobic and anaerobic respiration is **************.
A! oxidation
B! gl$col$sis
C! Eerbs c$cle
D! electron transport chain
34! The diagram represents a model of +,A replication. The steps are ,FT in the correct
order.

Which of the following is the correct order!
A! 1& 2& 3& 1
B! 2& 3& 1& 1
C! 2& 1& 3& 1
D! 1& 3& 2& 1
12
R)1)* -/ -2) 1/88/(.&5 3.45*46 -/ 4&'()* +,)'-./&' 30 4&3 3%
30. The diagram is most li)el$ to be of ************.
A! translation
B! transcription
C! gene regulation
D! +,A replication
3%! The molecule labelled X represents **********.
A! ligase
B! a ribosome
C! G,A pol$merase
D! +,A pol$merase
3:! Fne section of a pol$peptide has the amino acid sequence

Ala . 8$s . 0$s . (le . Asn
The codons for these amino acids are Ala #8A #88 #8# #8H
8$s H#8 H#H
0$s AAA AA#
(le AHH AH8 AHA
Asn AA8 AAH
The sequence of +,A coding for this section of the pol$peptide could be *****
A! 8#TA8#TTTTATTT#
B! 8#TT8#TTTTATTT#
C! 8#TA8TTTTTA8TT#
D! 8#AA8ATT8TATTTT
13
The following diagram summarises the steps in'ol'ed in the production of a cloned sheep.
3;! The chromosomes in the cells of the cloned sheep will be identical with those in the cells of
**********.
A! sheep -
B! sheep ,
C! sheep "
D! sheep D
U') -2) 1/88/(.&5 3.45*46 -/ 4&'()* +,)'-./& 3!
11
The famil$ tree shows the inheritance of a genetic characteristic.
3! What is the probabilit$ that a daughter of parents A and B would be affected!
A! 5I
B! 24I
C! 45I
D! 155I
40! J-cells in the human pancreas produce insulin. mG,A transcripts from these cells can be
used to produce complementar$ Bc+,AC copies of the acti'e gene.
The en3$me needed to produce c+,A from an mG,A transcript is ********.
A! restriction endonuclease
B! re'erse transcriptase
C! ligase
D! G,A pol$merase
(T/-48: 40 64*='#
SECTION B
A&'()* ALL +,)'-./&'
14
9,)'-./& 1
R)1)* -/ -2) 1/88/(.&5 3.45*46 -/ 4&'()* 9,)'-./& 1 4#

4# .# ,ame an organ whose cells contain large amounts of the organelle shown in the diagram
(1 64*=#
..# +escribe TWO (2# functions of the organelle.
(2 64*='#
...# ,ame the organelle which loo)s similar to the abo'e but with ribosomes.
(164*=#
7# When a cell replicates it goes through a series of e'ents that can be summarised b$ the
following diagram. The c$cle mo'es in a cloc)wise direction and includes mitosis. ,ote four
points& labelled A& 9& 8 and +.
1;
#i'en that two cells are formed as a result of replication& a cell must replicate its +,A
during the c$cle.
.# Fn $our answer sheet draw a graph as shown below. Hsing crosses& mar) on the graph
the relati'e amount of +,A present at each of the points 9 and + in the c$cle.
(3 64*='#
The following photograph shows a group of cells& some of which are replicating b$ mitosis.
The letters "& D& G and K indicate cells that are at different points in the cell c$cle.
16

..# Ktarting with the cell closest to the beginning of mitosis& arrange the letters "& D& G and K
in the order in which the$ would occur during the cell c$cle.
(2 64*='#
(f a serious error has occurred during mitosis& the daughter cells ma$ not sur'i'e to
complete the cell c$cle.
...# ,ame the process b$ which such cells are destro$ed.
(1 64*=#
># +escribe THREE (3# wa$s that water is important to li'ing organisms.
(3 64*='#
(T/-48: 12 64*='#
9,)'-./& 2
1=
Kome bacterial cell membranes contain proteins called porins. A porin is a pipe-li)e structure
made of a single amino acid chain that embeds itself into the membrane.
The image below shows a portion of a cell membrane containing a porin.
4# (n the diagram abo'e& two structures are labelled.
Futline ONE (1# function of each structureL
.# cell membrane
(2 64*='#
..# "orin
(2 64*='#
7# "roteins ma$ be classified as fibrous or globular depending on their 3-dimensional shape.
(n fibrous proteins& the pol$peptide chains are arranged in parallel to form long fibers or
sheets. (n globular proteins& the pol$peptide chains are folded into compact spherical or
globular shapes.
.# ,ame the subunit of a pol$peptide.
(1 64*=#
Eeratin& found in fingernails and claws& is an example of a fibrous protein.
..# ,ame another example of a fibrous protein.
(1 64*=#
...# +escribe a distincti'e propert$ of a fibrous protein and explain how this propert$ is
due to the arrangement of its pol$peptides.
(2 64*='#
(T/-48: ;
64*='#
9,)'-./& 3
1A
4# 0i'ing organisms cannot sur'i'e without the presence of en3$mes.
.# :xplain wh$ en3$mes are necessar$ in li'ing organisms.
(1!0 64*='#
..# +escribe the Macti'e site of an en3$me and explain its role.
(1!0 64*='#
7# (t is )nown that Angiotensin-con'erting en3$me BA8:C acts on the pol$peptide
Angiotensin ( to produce Angiotensin ((& a powerful blood-pressure raising agent.
"eople with long-term high blood pressure ha'e raised blood le'els of A8:.
The following diagram represents the acti'e site of a molecule of A8:.
A range of drugs was designed and manufactured. A sample of the molecular shape of
these is shown below.
.# Which drug is li)el$ to be the most effecti'e in pre'enting excessi'e high blood
pressure!
25
(1 64*=#
..# #i'e the reasons for $our choice in part .#
(1!0 64*='#
...# :xplain the process b$ which this drug would contribute to lowering blood pressure
in a person.
(1!0 64*='#
># 8ancer is a disease characterised b$ the rapid multiplication of cells. (t is often treated
with the use of chemicals& howe'er damage ma$ occur to non-cancer cells.
,ormall$& a protein called 9%3 combines with bcl-2 protein to pre'ent uncontrolled cell
production. 8ancer patients ha'e 'er$ low le'els of 9%3 protein in their cells.
Kcientists established the structure of the bcl-2 protein& represented below.
The$ de'eloped three chemicals that had the potential to ha'e the same action as 9%3. The
structure of these is shown below.

:ach chemical was in'estigated to test its effecti'eness to combine with bcl-2.
.# Kuggest which chemical is li)el$ to be the most successful in combining with bcl-2.
(1
64*=#
..# #i'e a reason for $our choice.
(3 64*='#
(T/-48: 11
64*='#
21
9,)'-./& 4
The apparatus shown in the diagram was used to determine the rate of respiration and the
respirator$ quotient BGDC of some blowfl$ lar'ae.

Kodium h$droxide absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. (n the first experiment& 4 cm3 of
concentrated sodium h$droxide solution was placed in the test tube and 15 blowfl$ lar'ae
were placed in the wire cage. The assembled apparatus was placed in a water bath at 25 78&
with the tap left open. After 15 minutes& the tap was closed and the position of the bead of
liquid was recorded at 1-minute inter'als. A second experiment was carried out using 4 cm3
of water instead of the sodium h$droxide solution. The results are shown in the table.
4# .# #i'e TWO (2# reasons wh$ the apparatus was left for 15 minutes& with the tap open&
when it was first placed in the water bath.
(2 64*='#
..# :xplain wh$ the bead of liquid mo'ed along the scale in the first experiment
but not in the second experiment.
(3 64*='#
...# #i'ing a reason for $our choice& suggest a suitable control for these experiments.
(2 64*='#

22
7# +raw the organelle responsible for photos$nthesis. (nclude its internal structure.
(2 64*='#

># Fn $our diagramL
.# indicate with an A where photophosphor$lation occurs& and
(1 64*=#
..# indicate with a B where the 8al'in 8$cle occurs.
(1 64*=#

3# Ktate ONE (1# role of each of the following in photos$nthesis.
.# 8hloroph$ll
..# Water
...# Ktroma
(3 64*='#
(T/-48: 14
64*='#
9,)'-./& 0
23
4# 0ist the THREE (3# components of a +,A nucleotide.
(264*='#
7# The following diagram outlines e'ents associated with the production of a pol$peptide
chain in a eu)ar$otic cell.

.# What is the name of the process at step 1?
(1 64*=#
..# ,ame the product of step 1.
(1 64*=#
># ,ame the e'ent that occurs at structure 3.
(1 64*=#
(T/-48: 0
64*='#
9,)'-./& %
21
#enes can be transferred from one species to another in different wa$s. Fne method is to use
plasmids& circular pieces of +,A found in some bacteria.
(n this method& a plasmid is cut and a piece of foreign +,A inserted. The foreign piece of +,A
usuall$ contains more than one gene. The process is shown in /igure below.
-an$ copies of the new plasmid are then incubated with bacteria.
4# .# What is the name gi'en to a plasmid that is used to
transfer +,A from one organism
to another!
(1 64*=#
..# What is used to cut the +,A of a plasmid!
(1 64*=#
...# What is used to 2oin the inserted piece of +,A to the plasmid!
(1 64*=#
Fne of the foreign genes inserted into the plasmid& codes for resistance to a particular antibiotic.
.@# :xplain wh$ it is important to include a gene for antibiotic resistance in the plasmid
produced.
(2 64*='#
9acteria containing plasmids& that are constructed in the wa$ outlined in /igure 4& can be used in
a 'ariet$ of settings with plants and animals.
24
/or example& some plants are resistant to attac) b$ insects. The plants produce a protein that
poisons the lar'al stage of some insects that feed on them. The production of the protein is under
genetic control.
A particular species of crop plant was geneticall$ engineered to contain this gene. Kuch plants
are referred to as GM Bgeneticall$ modifiedC plants.
7# .# :xplain wh$ a farmer might choose to grow a crop that was geneticall$ engineered to
be resistant to insects& rather than spra$ the crop with insecticide!
(2 64*='#
Kome plants are resistant to particular herbicides& chemicals that are used to )ill plants. This trait
is also under genetic control.
The gene that confers herbicide resistance has also been incorporated into some GM crop plants.
This enables a farmer to spra$ his GM crop with a herbicide that will not harm the GM crop but
does )ill weed plants growing within the crop.
..# Kuggest one ad'antage for a farmer to be able to spra$ his crops with an herbicide.
B1
64*=#
Two farmers ha'e properties next door to each other. The$ grow the same cereal crop.
N /armer . wishes to grow GM crops that are resistant to herbicide.
N /armer Y wishes to continue to grow &/&AGM crops.
/armer Y was concerned& and suggested to farmer . that pollen from the GM crop could
fertilise the non-#- plants.
...# :xplain wh$ farmer Y might be concerned about the possibilit$ of his crop being
fertilised b$ pollen from farmer .s crop.
(2 64*='#
(T/-48: 10
64*='#

AAAEND OF 9UESTION PAPERAAA
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