Nova Hedwigia 56 1-2 173-178 Stuttgart, Februar 1993

Kolkwitziella Lindemann 1919 and Preperidinium Mangin 1913:

correct genera names in the DiplopsaHs-group (Dinophyceae)
by
Malte Elbrachter*
Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Wattenmeerstation Sylt
Hafenstr. 43, D-2282 List/ Sylt , Germany
Elbrachter, M. (1993): Kolkwitziella Lindemann 1919 and Preperidinium Mangin 1913: correct genera
names in the Diplopsalis-group (Dinophyceae). -Nova Hedwigia 56: 173-178.
Abstract: Kolkwitziella salebrosa Lindemann 1919 represents the cyst of the organism earl ier described
as Glenodinium acutum and later asigned to the genera Diplopsalis and finally Entzia or Apsteinia. The
genera names Entzia Lebour 1922 and Apsteinia Abe 1981 are later synonyms of Kolkwitziella Linde-
mann . The combination Kolkwitziella acuta (Apstein) comb. nov. is introduced. The family name Di-
plopsidaceae Matsuoka 1988 is a latter synonym of Kolkwitziellaceae Lindemann 1928.
Preperidinium Mangin 1913 is the correct name on genus level for the organism fir st described as Diplop-
salis lenticula Bergh. fo. minor Paulsen 1907, if regarded distinct on genus level from Diplopsalis. Diplo-
peltopsis Pavillard 1913 and Zygabikodinium Loeblich et Loeblich 1970 are synonyms based on the same
type. The species now placed into the genus Zygabikodinium are transferred to Preperidinium. Kolk-
witziella and Preperidinium both are legitime names in the plant and in the animal kingdom, bringing
into accordance nomenclature in both kingdoms.
Kolkwitziella Lindemann 1919
Synonyms: Entzia Lebour 1922, non Daday 1883 (Foraminifera); Apsteinia Abe 1981 , non Schmeil
(Crustaceae) nee Metcalf (Tunicata) .
Apstein (1896) described a freshwater dinoflagellate which he called Glenodinium
acutum. This organism is quite different from the type species of Glenodinium
Ehrenb. 1836, G. cinctum Ehrenb. 1836 (synonym: Sphaerodinium polonicum
Wolosz. 1916) and consequently has been transferred to the genus Diplopsalis Bergh
1881 by Entz 1904. As this species has four apical plates in contrast to the type spe-
cies of Diplopsalis, Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh 1881, Lebour (1922) removed it from
Diplopsalis, creating a new genus Entzia Lebour 1922. This name is preoccupied in
the zoological nomenclature by Entzia Daday 1883 (Foraminifera) . Therefore Abe
(1981) replaced it by Apsteinia Abe 1981 which is also preoccupied by Apsteinia
Schmeil (Crustacea) and Apsteinia Metcalf (Tunicata).
*Member of the "Taxonomische Arbeitsgruppe an der BAH".
173
0029-5035/ 93/ 0056-0173 $1 .50
1993 J. Cramer in der Gebrtider Bornt raeger
Veriagsbuchhandlung, D IOOO Berlin D-7000 Stuttgart
Lindemann (1919) described an unusual dinoflagellate, Kolkwitziella salebrosa Lin-
demann 1919, and later a variety Kolkwitziella salebrosa var. gibbera (Lindemann
1924) which he later raised to species level (Lindemann 1928). Sebestyen (1935)
showed that the cyst of Diplopsalis acuta (Apstein) Entz corresponds to Kolkwitziel-
la salebrosa Lindemann and that the variety K. salebrosa var. gibbera is apparently
not distinct from the type. If this species is regarded as distinct on genus level from
Diplopsalis Bergh, as currently accepted, the correct genus name has to be Kolkwit-
ziella Lindemann, and the species name Kolkwitziella acuta (Apstein) comb. nov.
(see below). In any case Kolkwitziella Lindemann 1919 has priority over Entzia Le-
hour 1922 and therefore also over Apsteinia Abe 1981. This brings botanical and
zoological nomenclature into accordance.
Lindemann (1928) created the family Kolkwitziellaceae for his genus Kolkwitziella.
If the Diplopsalis-group is regarded to represent an own family, the correct family
name has to be Kolkwitziellaceae Lindemann. Diplopsidaceae Matsuoka 1988 is a
later synonym of Kolkwitziellaceae, as Matsuoka (1988) included in his family the
genus Entzia Lebour, a later synonym of Kolkwitziella, the type of the Kolwitziella-
ceae. Silva (1980) included into the family Ptychodiscaceae (Schiitt) Lemmermann
1899 the family Kolkwitziellaceae apparently regarding Kolkwitziella as a vegetative
stage and not as the cyst of Entzia acuta, which he placed in the Index Nominorum
Genericorum (ING; Farr et al. 1979) into the Dinosphaeraceae, a family accepted
by Silva (1980) as well. If Dinosphaera Kofoid et Michener 1912 and Kolkwitziella
should be placed into the same family, this would be, in my opinion, the Peridinia-
ceae Ehrenberg 1831 .
The genera of the Diplopsalis-group easily fit into the order Peridiniales Haeckel
1894, therefore the order Kolkwitziellales Lindemann 1928 is regarded as a later
synonym of Peridiniales Haeckel.
Ko1kwitziella acuta (Apstein 1896) comb. nov.
Basionym: Glenodinium acutum Apstein 1896; Apstein, C.: Das Siil3wasserp1ankton. Methode und Re-
su1tate der quantitativen Untersuchungen. Lipsius & Tisch1er , Kie1 , Leipzig, p. 152, fig. 54.
Synonyms: Diplopsalis acuta (Apstein) Entz 1904; Peridinium latum Pau1sen 1908; Kolkwitziella salebro-
sa Lindemann 1919; Entzia acuta (Apstein) Lebour 1922; Kolkwitziella salebrosa var. gibbera Linde-
mann 1924; Kolkwitziella gibbera (Lindemann) Lindemann 1928; Apsteinia acuta Abe 1981 (nom.
nudum) .
Preperidinium Mangin 1913
Synonyms : Diplopeltopsis Pavillard 1913, non Hennings ex von Hoehn1 1911 ; Zygabikodinium Loeb1ich
et Loeb1ich 1970.
When describing briefly the genus, Mangin (1913) included two species: Preperidini-
um assymmetricum (Mangin) Mangin and Preperidinium paulseni (Mangin) Mangin
without designating a type species. Nevertheless, the genus name is validly
published.
174
fa salebrosa Lin-
era (Lindemann
)ebestyen (1935)
s to Kolkwitziel-
?ra is apparently
genus level from
ts to be Kolkwit-
ein) comb. nov.
over Entzia Le-
~ botanical and
1s Kolkwitziella.
te correct family
tsuoka 1988 is a
n his family the
the Kolwitziella-
t) Lemmermann
'a as a vegetative
:lex Nominorum
family accepted
nd Kolkwitziella
n, the Peridinia-
jiniales Haeckel
arded as a later
n. Methode und Re-
2, fig. 54.
atkwitziella salebro-
var. gibbera Linde-
ta Abe 1981 (nom.
>ikodinium Loeblich
:ies: Preperidini-
\'langin) Mangin
1ame is validly
The basionym of Preperidinium assymmetricum is Peridiniopsis asymetrica Mangin
1911, the correct spelling should be therefore Preperidinium asymetricum. It has
been later taken into synonymy with Diplopelta bomba Stein ex Joergensen.
Preperidinium paulseni has as basionym Peridinium paulseni Mangin 1911 (C.R.
Acad. Sci. 153: 648), which is a nomen novum for Peridinium lenticulatum Mangin
1911 (C.R. Acad. Sci. 153: 27; non Faure-Fremiet 1908). In all 3 publications Man-
gin (1911a, 1911b, 1913) explicitely states that the organism he is dealing with is
identical to the species Paulsen (1907) has described as Diplopsalis lenticula fo. mi-
nor. This is corroborated by the fact that Mangin investigated also material from
the type locality of that taxon, which Paulsen had sent to him. Also the figures
(Mangin 1911a, figs 3, 5; Mangin 1911b, figs I-III, V; Mangin 1913 fig. 12, I-III,
V) clearly show, that he was dealing with the species Paulsen had described. Thus
Preperidinium paulseni Mangin 1913 is a validly published name for the species ori-
ginally described as Diplopsalis lenticula fo. minor Paulsen 1907.
Loeblich & Loeblich (1966) designated as type species P. paulsenii (Pavillard) Man-
gin and gave as basionym Preidinium (sic!) paulsenii Pavillard 1909. Peridinium
paulsenii Pavillard is transferred by Balech (1974) to the genus Protoperidinium
Bergh and is quite different from the species, Mangin was dealing with. Thus this
typification has to be rejected. Silva in Farr et al. (1979) cite as lectotype "Preperidi-
nium paulsenii" Mangin ("paulseni"). According to article 64 of ICBN (Greuter et
al. 1988) the epithet "paulseni" has to be rejected and to be replaced by the oldest
legitimate epithet available, see below.
There are two other genera with the type species based on Diplopsalils lenticula
Bergh fo. minor Paulsen, that is Diplopeltopsis Pavillard 1913 and Zygabikodinium
Loeblich et Loeblich 1970.
Pavillard (20. July 1913) created the genus Diplopeltopsis Pavillard with the type
species Diplopeltopsis minor (Paulsen) Pavillard. As synonyms he gives: Diplopsalis
lenticula forma minor and Peridinium pau/seni Mangin. It thus has the same type
as Preperidinium Mangin.
Pavillard handled the "peridiniens" always as plants, in particular in his publica-
tions of that time (e.g. Pavillard 1910, 1916). Explicitly, he treated Diplopeltopsis
minor with its synonym Peridinium pau/seni Mangin, as plant (Pavillard 1916). The-
re is no doubt, that he regarded Diplopeltopsis also in the original publication as
plant. The name Diplopeltopsis Pavillard 1913 is a later homonym of Diplopeltopsis
Hennings ex von Hoehnel 1911 (Lichenes) and therefore illegitime. Consequently,
it has been replaced by Zygabikodinium (Loeblich & Loeblich 1970). As type species
of the new genus they designate Zygabikodinium lenticulatum Loeblich et Loeblich
and cite as synonyms Peridinium lenticulatum Mangin 1911a, p. 30, 32; Diplopsalis
lenticula Bergh f. mjlnor Paulsen 1907 and Peridinium paulsenii Mangin 1911.
Preperidinium Mangin 1913 (exact date not stated, no further information avail-
able) has been published as plant and is available in the botanical and zoological
nomenclature. Thus Preperidinium Mangin 191J is the correct genus name for the
organism Paulsen (1907) described as Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh fo. minor, regard-
less it is handled as plant or animal.
175
Finally, the question of the correct species name has to be discussed. Introducing
the combination Preperidinium paulseni Mangin (1913) used as basionym the illegit-
imate name paulseni as it is a later homonym of Peridinium paulseni Pavillard 1909
(ICBN art. 64.1). Therefore this combination has to be rejected. Four species names
unequivocally have been published for the species under duscussion. These are:
lenticulatum (as Peridinium lenticulatum Mangin 1911 , non Faure Fremiet 1908;
and Zygabikodinium lenticulatum Loeblich et Loeblich 1970),
paulseni (as Peridinium paulseni Mangin 1911, non Pavillard 1909 and Preperidini-
um paulseni Mangin 1913),
meunierii (as Peridinium meunierii Pavillard 1912, nom. nov. proP. paulseni Man-
gin 1911),
minor (as Diplopeltopsis minor Pavillard 1913).
In addition, Pavillard (1912) stated, that Diplopsalis sphaerica Meunier (Meunier
1910) is identical to Peridinium paulseni Mangin 1911, a view followed by Lebour
1922. Meunier himself (1919) regarded his Diplopsalis sphaerica as Diplopsalis lenti-
cula fo. sphaerica. But he lumped together some other species of the Diplopsalis-
group like Peridiniopsis asymetricum and others. His fig. 8 on PI. 29, which repre-
sents D. lenticula fo. sphaerica clearly shows only 6 precingular plates, in accord-
ance with his text on p. 64 (Meunier 1919). Also the original figure of D. sphaerica
(Meunier 1910, PI. 4, fig. 10) clearly shows only 6 precingular plates. This is in con-
tradiction to the descriptions and figures of Mangin (1911a, 1911b, 1913), of Pavil-
lard (1913) and of Lebour (1922). Thus it is most unlikely that Diplopsalis sphaerica
is conspecific with Preperidinium paulseni Mangin and Diplopeltopsis minor Pavil-
lard. At the present state of knowledge it is advisable not to include Diplopsalis
sphaerica Meunier 1910 into the genus Preperidinium Mangin and to exclude it from
the discussion of the name of the type species of this genus.
According to Art. 6.4, 64.1 and 72. 1 of ICBN only legitimate names can be used
for a taxon. A name rejected as it was illegitimate by its publication has to be re-
placed by the name that has priority in the rank concerned (ICBN, art. 72.1) . If we
exclude the epithet sphaerica - see above - the earliest legitimate combination
available at species rank is Peridinium meunierii. The older epithets lenticulatum
(Mangin 1911) and paulseni Mangin 1911 both are illegimate as they are junior ho-
monyms of validly published species in the genus Peridinium (ICBN art. 64.1). Thus
the type species of the genus has to get the name:
Preperidinium meunierii (Pavillard) Elbrachter, comb. nov. (lectotype)
Basionym: Peridinium meunieriiPavillard 1912, C.R. Sean. Acad. Se. 155: 177; non Peridinium meunie-
rii Peters 1930. f f"-"iJ!<J(Z/IJ
Synonyms: Diplopeltopsis mino1P'avillard 1913; Diplopsalis lenticula Bergh. f. minor Paulsen 1907, p.
9, fig. 9; Diplopsalis minor (Paulsen) Lindemann 1927; Diplopsalis minor (Paulsen) Paulsen 1931; Di-
plopsalis minor (Paulsen) Margalef 1973; Diplopsalopsis minor (Paulsen) A be 1981 ; Dubridinium cape-
ratum Reid 1977; Glenodinium lenticula (Bergh) Schiller f. minor Paulsen; Peridiniopsis minor (Paulsen)
Starmach 1974; Peridinium lenticulatum Mangin 1911 , non Faure-Fremiet 1908; Peridinium paulseni
Mangin 1911, non Pavillard 1909; Zygabikodinium lenticulatum Loeblich et Loeblich 1970.
176
la salebrosa Lin-
era (Lindemann
)ebestyen (1935)
.s to Kolkwitziel-
era is apparently
genus level from
ts to be Kolkwit-
ein) comb. nov.
over Entzia Le-
;s botanical and
s Kolkwitziella.
correct family
suoka 1988 is a
1 his family the
he Kolwitziella-
1 Lemmermann
as a vegetative
ex Nominorum
amily accepted
j Kolkwitziella
. the Peridinia-
niales Haeckel
ded as a later
Vlethode und Re-
'ig. 54.
witziella salebro-
. gibbera Linde-
1\be 1981 (nom.
tinium Loeblich
Preperidini-
tgin) Mangin
e is validly
As Zygabikodinium Loeblich et Loeblich is a later synonym of Preperidinium Man-
gin, the species so far included into Zygabikodinium have to be transferred to
Preperidinium.
Preperidinium granulosum (Balech) Elbrachter, comb. nov.
Basionym: Diplopeltopsis granulosa Balech 1958, Physis 21(60), p. 84, PI. 2, figs. 32-44; synonym Zyga-
bikodinium granulosa (Balech) Loeblich Ill, 1970.
Preperidinium per la turn (Balech) Elbrachter, comb. nov.
Basionym: Diplopeltopsis perlata Balech 1971, Revta M us . argent. Cienc. nat. "B. Rivadavia", Hydro-
bioi. 3(1), p. 81, PI. 13, figs. 198-207; synonym Zygabikodinium perlatum (Balech) Elbrachter 1975.
Preperidinium pseudooblea (Elbrachter) comb. nov.
Basionym: Zygabikodinium pseudooblea Elbrachter 1975, Kieler Meeresforsch. 31(1), p. 62, fig. 5.
Acknowledgements
Partly supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG El 59/4). Essentiel help I got from A.
Sournia, Paris - merci beaucoup!
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