DNA viruses

Virus Envelope DNA

structure
Capsid Clinical Importance Vaccines & Misc.
Parvovirus No SS and
linear
Icosahedral Erythema infectiosum (kids) cutaneuous
rash (slap cheek syndrome); adults- althralgia
arthritis
Pts w/ underlying hemolysis = severe acute
anemia
Immunodeficient pt: pure red cell aplasia
(chronic anemia)
Fetus- hydrops fetalis (due to fatal anemia)
(smallest DNA virus)
Replication site: bone morrow &
fetal liver
Pathogenic: parvovirus B19
Transmission: respiratory, blood
transfusion, vertical
Dx: Hybridization, PCR, or IgM
Viremia (non-specific sx)
Rash/althralgia immune response
Papillomavirus No DS &
circular
Icosahedral Tx: non-specific antivirals, salicylic acid,
cryothepray, IFN-, imiquimod
Cervical cancer
CIN
Genital warts
E6 inactivates p53 ;E7 inactivates Rb
Release: cell desquamation
Most common STD in US.
Transmission: direct / sexual
contact
Dx: PCR , hybridization, hybrid
capture
Vaccine: 6, 11, 16, 18
Polyomavirus No DS &
circular
Icosahedral JC virus: produces viremia, moves to CNS,
cuases PML (progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy) in HIV
BK virus: transplant pts; targets kidney; renal
disease; hemorrhagic cystitis in BM transplant
MCPyV : Merkel cell carcinoma
Transmission: respiratory
Dx: PCR in CSF; hybridization, ELISA,
Tx: no specific anti-virals;



DNA viruses
Virus Envelope DNA
structure
Capsid Clinical Importance Vaccines & Misc.
Adenovirus No Ds and
linear
Icosahedral Acute respiratory disease (pneumonia, cough,
nasal congestion, fever, sore throat)
Conjunctivitis (from pool)
Adenoviral pharyngitis & conjunctivitis

Dx: CPE grapple like clusters at 2-5 days after
inculation
Infects epithelial cells of resp.,
urinary, and GI tracts
Pre-early (E1a /Rb) early (E1b
/p53)
Evades immune response (blocks
production of MHC)
Entry: conjunctiva, oropharynx,
intestines
Poxvirus

(brick shape)
Yes Ds and
linear
Molluscum- benign epidermal tumors, dome
lesions with central dimple (incubation: 6 mo.
spread by close/sexual contact)
Variola: smallpox, respiratory transmission,
incubation 12d, 5d fever, 2 wk vesicular rash
Only DNA virus to replicate in
cytoplasm
Vaccine: vaccinia virus
Dx: Virus culture (vero cells)
H&E staining: Guarnieris bodies
Orf formed due to vaccine( cover it!)
Herpes virus
Type 1 & 2
Yes Ds and
linear
Icosahedral Mostly oral and genital ulcers
Transmission: close, sexual contact, saliva,
vertical.
Dx: Tzsanck staining (giant cells, Cowdry type
A inclusion bodies); ELVIS test
Neonatal herpes: localized lesion (skin, eyes,
mouth); encephalitis, disseminated disease
w/ multiorgan involvement
- hast tegument filled w/ proteins
- cause latency (T1- trigeminal T2-
sacral) ganglia
- penetrate through direct fusion and
released by lysis or exocytosis
- does not cause viremia (only
neuronal)
Herpes virus
VZV
Yes Ds and
linear
Icosahedral Chicken Pox, shingles, Reyes syndrome,
encephalitis
Tx: acyclovir
Transmission: respiratory & direct contact
Latency is sensory ganglia
Dx: Tzanck staining (giant cells)
Abs are protective
Causes viremia (both 1 and 2
infections)
DNA viruses
Virus Envelope DNA
structure
Capsid Clinical Importance Vaccines & Misc.
Herpes virus
CMV
Yes Ds and
linear
Icosahedral Congenital disease, mononucleosis
(heterophile negative)
Congenital infection: petechial rash (may
develop retardation, deafness, microcephaly,
retinitis, deafness, microcephaly, retinitis,
thrombytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly,
jaundice)
Transmission: IU, breast milk, birth,
saliva, sexual contact
Dx: histology : owl eyes
Herpes virus

EBV
Yes Ds and
linear
Icosahedral Mononucleosis (heterophile positive),
Burkitts lymphoma (when EBV +
plasmodium), adenopathy, oral hairy
leukoplakia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
lymphoproliferative disease
Dx: Monotest and CBC (will show
atypical lymphocytosis)
Transmission: shedding in saliva
Acute: see IgG for VCA
Reactivation: see IgG EBNA
Herpes virus
Type 6 & 7
Yes Ds and
linear
Icosahedral Roseola infantum (6) pytiriasis rosea (7)

Fever and rash are typical
Latency in CD4+ cells, monocytes,
CNS, and lungs
Dx: culture (umbilical cord cells)
Syngerism with HIV (activates LPR
promoters, helps with replication
and overexpressing receptor)
Herpes virus
Type 8
Yes Ds and
linear
Icosahedral Kaposis sarcoma, multi Castlemans disease,
ALD, fever, malaise, wasting, primary effusion
lymphoma
Transmission: non endemic- vertical
and sexual transmission. Endemic:
salivary, breast milk
Dx: molecular methods
Hepadnavirus Yes Partially
Ds,
circular
Icosahedral Hep B, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis,
hepatocellular carcinoma
Viremia -3-5 weeks before sx appear
Sx: malaise, nausea, anorexia, low grade fever,
jaundice, dark urine, pale stools,
Transmission: infected blood, STD,
vertical
Labs: ALT abnormality
Tx: only for acute infection, IFN in
combination with a
DNA viruses
glomerulonephritis, necrotizing vasculitis retrotranscriptase (lamivudine)
HBsAg- general marker of infection
HBeAg- marker for active replication
HBV-DNA- marker for active
replication (more accurate than
HBeAg, used for monitoring
response to therapy.