PACKAGE 1 UPGRADING OF

BUKIT KEPIS AND BUKIT TAISHO

TREATED WATER PUMPING
SYSTEMS
WATER HAMMER ANALYSIS REPORT
December 2011
Bukit Taisho Pumping System
Bukit Kepis Pumping System
December 2011
(Revision 0)
Perunding A.L. Lau
e-mail:allau@pc.jaring.my
Home page: http//www.go.to/lales
PERUNDING
A.L. Lau

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
2. COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PUMP SYSTEMS ....................................................................... 1
3. ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1. PIPES: ............................................................................................................................................ 3
3.2. FLUID: ........................................................................................................................................... 3
3.3. VESSEL: ........................................................................................................................................ 3
4. THEORY .............................................................................................................................................. 4
5. WATER HAMMER EFFECT ON THE BUKIT TAISHO PUMPING SYSTEM ........................ 6
5.1. STEADY STATE .............................................................................................................................. 6
5.2. TRANSIENT STATE ......................................................................................................................... 7
6. WATER HAMMER EFFECT ON THE BIKIT KEPIS PUMPING SYSTEM ........................... 10
6.1. STEADY STATE ............................................................................................................................ 10
6.2. TRANSIENT STATE ....................................................................................................................... 11
7. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 14

List of Graphs
Graph 1: System Characteristic Curve ................................................................................ 6
Graph 2: - Surge Pressure Envelopes .................................................................................. 7
Graph 3: System Characteristic Curve .............................................................................. 10
Graph 4: - Surge Pressure Envelopes ................................................................................ 11

List of Figures
Figure 1: - Bukit Taisho Schematic Diagram ..................................................................... 9
Figure 2: - Bukit Kepis Schematic Diagram ..................................................................... 13

AWAM
5122
I R. LAU AH LENG
AWAM
5122
I R. LAU AH LENG

Appendix A - Transient Response of Bukit Taisho Pumping System
Pressure envelope -with minimum initial air A-i
Pressure envelope -with maximum initial air A-ii
Pressure at pump end A-iii
Flow at pump end A-iv
Water level of the surge vessel A-v
Air volume inside the surge vessel A-vi
Flow through inter-connecting pipe works A-vii
Pressure in the surge vessel A-viii


Appendix B - Transient Response of Bukit Kepis Pumping System
Pressure envelope -with minimum initial air B-i
Pressure envelope -with maximum initial air B-ii
Pressure at pump end B-iii
Flow at pump end B-iv
Water level of the surge vessel B-v
Air volume inside the surge vessel B-vi
Flow through inter-connecting pipe works B-vii
Pressure in the surge vessel B-viii
1
1. Introduction
There are two (2) pumping systems under the upgrading of Kuala J elai water supply
project, where the water hammer effect shall be studied and suitable protection systems
will be proposed to control the surge pressures. The two (2) pumping systems are Bukit
Kepis and Bukit Taisho pumping systems, transferring treated water to respective reser-
voir from a clear water tank at Kuala J elai treatment works. After sudden shut down of
the pump, flows decay rapidly at the pump discharge end. This phenomenal has caused a
water column separation at the pump discharge end, which causes the pressures in the
pipe to drop and creating the down surge pressures. This pressure reduction is transmitted
along the pipeline at the wave velocity, and when this pressure wave is reflected, an up
surge pressure is generated. The magnitude of surge pressures is related to the rate of
change of flows in the pipe. The faster the change in flow rate, increasing or decreasing,
the higher will be the surge pressures. Therefore it is a common practice during pump-
stopping procedure, the discharge valve is first closed slowly, and then the power supply
to the pump motor is switched off. The transient caused by this operation is not severe as
the flow in the pumping system is slowly reduced to zero. But the sudden stoppage of the
pumps due to power failure will cause sudden flow reduction, and severe surge pressures
will be generated. Therefore, this report will study the transient effect on the pumping
systems under sudden stoppage of pumps and recommend appropriate water hammer
control systems to protect the systems against any adverse effect of surge pressures.
2. Computer Simulation of Pump Systems
The specification requires that single new surge vessel shall be adequately sized to con-
trol the surge pressures generated at normal flows, and additional surge vessels shall be
put in duty to control the surge pressures generated at maximum flows. Since the differ-
ent between normal flows and maximum flows are not big, the normal flow scenario will
be the governing condition for the sizing of the surge vessel. The design criteria are:
+ The up surge pressure must not exceed the maximum rating the pump systems.
+ Preferably, the down surge pressure shall not fall below atmospheric pressure
(0 m). However under certain conditions, limited negative pressure is accepta-
2
ble, provided the limited sub-atmospheric pressure does not has any adverse ef-
fect to the systems. Nevertheless, the effects of negative pressure as listed be-
low need to be considered seriously.
a) Severe sub-atmospheric pressure will cause the pipe to collapse.
b) If the sub-atmospheric pressure is minus 10m, this is the vapor pressure of
water. This will cause liquid water to vaporize; the transient response of the
vaporized water is difficult to predict.
c) When the sub-atmospheric pressure is lower than about minus 7m, any dis-
solved air in water will evolve from solution. This air will not necessarily be
reabsorbed into the water when pumping pressure is re-applied. The tran-
sient response of the air/water mixture is difficult to predictable accurately.
d) Sub-atmospheric pressure lower than around minus 5m may cause damage
to the concrete lining of the pipe if they are repeated frequently.
e) Pressure lower than the external hydraulic pressure may allow ground water
to be drawn into the pipeline through faulty joints, leaking washouts and
even submerged air valves with subsequent risk of contamination to the
supply.
f) Ingress of air into the pipeline during down surge may interfere with the
proper operation of some instrumentation, such as flowmeter or control
valves.
Since the pumping system is conveying treated water, the minimum design
down surge pressures shall always above atmospheric pressure, to prevent in-
gress of contaminated ground water into the pipes.
+ The air in the surge vessel shall not escape into the pipeline during the tran-
sient. To maintain a safe margin, maximum expanded air volume should not
exceed 90% of the volume of the surge vessel.
3
3. Assumptions
3.1. Pipes:
+ Modulus of elasticity of steel =200 Gpa.
+ Poissons ratio =.27
+ Conduit condition: thin wall elastic conduit.
+ Friction factor: C=90 (old pipes) and 120 (new pipes).
3.2. Fluid:
+ Fluid: Water
+ Bulk Modulus: 2.19 Gpa
+ Density: 1000 Kg/m
3

+ Operating temperature: Ambient.
3.3. Vessel:
+ Air expansion: behaves midway between isothermal and adiabatic and is as-
sumed to follow PV
1.2
=constant.
+ Pipe works: Return flow restricted.
+ Surge within interconnecting pipe works is ignored.
4
4. Theory
Rapidly varying pressure and flow conditions in pipe systems are characterized by varia-
tion, which are both position (x) and time (t) dependent. These conditions are described
by the dynamic equation

And the continuity equation


Where
Q Flow rate
t time
H head
x distance
f friction factor
D Diameter of conduit
g acceleration due to gravity
A cross-sectional area of conduit
a wave velocity

Both Eqs.1 and 2 are partial differential equations.


Consider linear combination of Eqs 1 and 2 i.e.
L =L
1
+L
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------3
And let
1 0 | |
2
1
= + + = Q Q
DA
f
x
H
gA
t
Q
L
o
o
o
o
2 0
2
2
= + =
t
H
gA
x
Q
a L
o
o
o
o
5

Eq. 3 can be written as


if


and


if

Eqs. 4 and 5 have been converted to ordinary differential equations in the independent
variable t, and can be solved easily by digital computer by method of characteristics. Due
to the tremendous computing power of the computer, various boundary conditions, such
as surge vessel, surge tank, pumps, reservoir, air valves, surge valves etc. just to name a
few, can be evaluated. The details of the formulation and analysis of these boundary con-
ditions are beyond the scope of this report.
a
1
=
4 0 | |
2
= + + Q Q
DA
f
dt
dH
a
gA
dt
dQ
a
dt
dx
=
5 0 | |
2
= + Q Q
DA
f
dt
dH
a
gA
dt
dQ
a
dt
dx
=
6
0.00
25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
125.00
150.00
0 500 1000
H
e
a
d

i
n

m
Flow rate in l/sec.
Pumping System Characteristic Curve
1044 1011
5. Water Hammer effect on the Bukit Taisho Pumping System
5.1. Steady State
The pumping line consists of existing 600 mm in diameter mild steel pipe, in parallel
with new 800 mm in diameter mild steel pipe, 8000m long. The pipeline profile is gener-
ally flat and rise gently toward the reservoir. The surge suppression criteria will be to
prevent the maximum upsurge pressures exceeding the pressure rating of the pumping
system at 16 bars. Besides, the down surge pressures shall not fall below atmospheric
pressure.
Graph 1: System Characteristic Curve
Surge pressures are
caused by the change of
momentum in the pipe-
line, and momentum is
dependent on the velocity
of flow in the pipeline. A
high rate of change of
flow rate in the pipe will
cause more severe surge
pressures. Hence, to si-
mulate the worst scena-
rio, the maximum flow rate computed for the case with minimum static lift with the Ha-
zen Williams C value taken as 120 for new pipe and 90 for old pipe. Graph 1 shows the
duty point of the pumping system with the maximum flow rate is 1044 l/sec. There is an
existing 10cum surge vessel protecting the existing pumping system. Due to the increase
in flow rate, existing surge vessel may not be able to effectively control the surge pres-
sures generated and additional surge vessel is required. The specification required that the
proposed surge suppression to be able to control the surge pressures generated during
normal flow of 830 l/s (72 mld) when one vessel is on duty. Therefore, this proposal shall
compute the size of single vessel, which is sufficient to control the surge pressures caused
7
0
50
100
150
200
250
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
Distance in m
Pressure Envelope
Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure
Min. Surge Pressure Hydraulic Grade Line
Min. Surge Pressure (Existing Vessel) Max. Surge Pressure (Existing Vessel)
during normal flow. And the combine of new and existing surge vessels to control the
surge pressures caused during maximum flow.
5.2. Transient State
To achieve acceptable surge pressures when the pumping system is running at normal
flow of 830 l/s (72mld), a 10cum surge vessel is proposed. The proposed surge vessel is
proposed to be connected to the pumping main with 400mm diameter NRV. To control
up surge pressures, a 200mm diameter bypass with 125 bore orifice plate is provided.
A simulation of sudden shut down of the pump with the proposed vessel has show that
down surge pressures of 2.7m have occurred at the pumping station. This pressure reduc-
tion is transmitted along the pipeline at the wave velocity, and when this pressure wave is
reflected, an up surge pressure of 145m is experienced, also at the pumping station. The
surge pressure distant plot with respect to the longitudinal profile of the pipeline is shown
in Graph 2. Both the maximum up surge pressure and minimum down surge pressure are
acceptable, hence the proposed 10cum surge vessel is able to control the surge pressures
occurring during normal flow of 830 l/s (72 mld)
Graph 2: - Surge Pressure Envelopes
Simulation of the pump-
ing system with initial
air volume of 1.6 cum in
new and existing vessels;
and the system flow rate
is at the maximum flow
of 1044 l/s is carried out
in the computer. The
analysis has show that
following the first few
seconds after total power
failure, water is expelled from the surge vessel rapidly to fill the vacuum caused by the
forwards flow in the pipeline. The maximum up surge pressure is 150m and the lowest
down surge pressure is 4.4m. The results of the simulation are shown in Graph 2. To al-
8
low for the reduction of air inside the surge vessel due to the air that will be dissolved
into the water with time, the surge vessels with maximum initial air of 5.9 cum is simu-
lated in the computer. The maximum up surge pressure at down stream of the pump re-
duced to 120m, and the minimum down surge pressure has increased to 23m, with the air
inside the surge vessels expanded to 16.8 m
3
. To avoid the surge vessels being empty
when the expanded air volume reaches 16.8 m
3
, a proposed combined volume of new and
existing surge vessels of 20 m
3
will be adequate.
During operating condition with the pumps are running at steady speed, the water level
inside the surge vessel must be set between 0.2m (HH) to 0.5m (LL) from the top of the
surge vessel. If the initial water levels are not within the (HH) and (LL) limits, both the
up surge and down surge pressures may drifted out side the allowable limits. Summaries
of the results of the transient response of the pumping system, together with the tabulated
results of the surge pressures are presented in Figure 1.
9
600mm| (Existing),
+800mm| (New)
8,000mlong
Settingofwaterlevels
L =5.7m(Existing)+5.7m(New)
| =1.5m
H=0.275m
HH=0.200m
N=0.350
L=0.425m
LL=0.500m
400|
nonreturn valve
60
200| bypass
With125| bore
orifice
Surge Vessel Volume = 10 (Exsiting) + 10 (New) m
3
Initial Air Expanded Air MaximumSurge MinimumSurge
Volume m
3
Volume m
3
Pressure m Pressure m
MinimumAir 0.80 5.10 145.0 2.70 830 (72)
MaximumAir 2.90 9.30 136.0 17.00 830 (72)
MinimumAir 1.60 9.50 150.0 4.40 1040 (90)
MaximumAir 5.90 16.80 120.0 23.00 1040 (90)
Design flow,
l/s (mld)
Existing +
New
Vessels
New only
2Pumps
57.8m
61.6m
TWL =152.4
EXISTING
10m
3
NEW
10m
3
Air flow rate Pressure
m cum/hr m m
8.6 120
111.8 10.0
180
Compressor
Pressure relief valve
Blow off pressure
Vessel design
pressure
180

Figure 1: - Bukit Taisho Schematic Diagram

10
0.00
25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
125.00
150.00
175.00
200.00
225.00
250.00
0 100 200 300
H
e
a
d

i
n

m
Fl ow rate in l/sec.
Pumping System Characteristic Curve
253 243
6. Water Hammer effect on the Bikit Kepis Pumping System
6.1. Steady State
The pumping line consists of existing 400 mm in diameter mild steel pipe, in parallel
with new 500 mm in diameter mild steel pipe, 18000m long. The pipeline profile is gen-
erally flat and rise gently toward the reservoir. The surge suppression criteria will be to
prevent the maximum upsurge pressures exceeding the pressure rating of the pumping
system at 25 bars. Besides, the down surge pressures shall not fall below atmospheric
pressure.
Graph 3: System Characteristic Curve
Surge pressures are
caused by the change of
momentum in the pipe-
line, and momentum is
dependent on the velocity
of flow in the pipeline. A
high rate of change of
flow rate in the pipe will
cause more severe surge
pressures. Hence, to si-
mulate the worst scena-
rio, the maximum flow rate computed for the case with minimum static lift with the Ha-
zen Williams C value taken as 120 for new pipe and 90 for old pipe. Graph 3 shows the
duty point of the pumping system with the maximum flow rate is 253 l/sec. There is an
existing 6.5cum surge vessel protecting the existing pumping system. Due to the increase
in flow rate, existing surge vessel may not be able to effectively control the surge pres-
sures generated and additional surge vessel is required. The specification required that the
proposed surge suppression to be able to control the surge pressures generated during
normal flow of 211 l/s (18.3 mld) when one vessel is on duty. Therefore, this proposal
shall compute the size of single vessel, which is sufficient to control the surge pressures
11
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
Distance in m
Pressure Envelope
Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure
Min. Surge Pressure Hydraulic Grade Line
Min. Surge Pressure (Existing Vessel) Max. Surge Pressure (Existing Vessel)
caused during normal flow. And the combine of new and existing surge vessels to control
the surge pressures caused during maximum flow.
6.2. Transient State
To achieve acceptable surge pressures when the pumping system is running at normal
flow of 211 l/s (18.3mld), a 2.5cum surge vessel is proposed. The proposed surge vessel
is proposed to be connected to the pumping main with 200mm diameter NRV. To control
up surge pressures, a 150mm diameter bypass with 100 bore orifice plate is provided.
A simulation of sudden shut down of the pump with the proposed vessel has show that
down surge pressures of 1.8m have occurred at chainage 17000m. This pressure reduc-
tion is transmitted along the pipeline at the wave velocity, and when this pressure wave is
reflected, an up surge pressure of 200m is experienced at the pumping station. The surge
pressure distant plot with respect to the longitudinal profile of the pipeline is shown in
Graph 4. Both the maximum up surge pressure and minimum down surge pressure are
acceptable, hence the proposed 2.5cum surge vessel is able to control the surge pressures
occurring during normal flow of 211 l/s (18.3 mld)
Graph 4: - Surge Pressure Envelopes
Simulation of the pump-
ing system with initial
air volume of 1.3 cum in
new and existing vessels;
and the system flow rate
is at the maximum flow
of 253 l/s is carried out
in the computer. The
analysis has show that
following the first few
seconds after total power
failure, water is expelled from the surge vessel rapidly to fill the vacuum caused by the
forwards flow in the pipeline. The maximum up surge pressure is 213m and the lowest
down surge pressure is 14.5m. The results of the simulation are shown in Graph 4. To
12
allow for the reduction of air inside the surge vessel due to the air that will be dissolved
into the water with time, the surge vessels with maximum initial air of 3.7 cum is simu-
lated in the computer. The maximum up surge pressure at down stream of the pump has
reduced to 194m, and the minimum down surge pressure has increased to 24m, with the
air inside the surge vessel expanded to 6.9 m
3
. To avoid the surge vessel being empty
when the expanded air volume reaches 6.9 m
3
, the proposed combined volume of new
and existing surge vessels of 9 m
3
will be adequate.
During operating condition with the pumps are running at steady speed, the water level
inside the surge vessel must be set between 0.3m (HH) to 0.65m (LL) from the top of the
surge vessel. If the initial water levels are not within the (HH) and (LL) limits, both the
up surge and down surge pressures may drifted out side the allowable limits. Summaries
of the results of the transient response of the pumping system, together with the tabulated
results of the surge pressure are presented in Figure 2.
13
400mm| (Existing),
+500mm| (New)
18,000mlong
Settingofwaterlevels
L =3.7m(Existing)+1.5m(New)
| =1.5m
H=0.400m
HH=0.300m
N=0.475
L=0.575m
LL=0.650m
200|
nonreturn valve
60
150| bypass
With100| bore
orifice
Surge Vessel Volume = 6.5 (Exsiting) + 2.5 (New) m
3
Initial Air Expanded Air MaximumSurge MinimumSurge
Volume m
3
Volume m
3
Pressure m Pressure m
MinimumAir 0.35 0.68 200.0 1.80 211 (18)
MaximumAir 1.03 1.92 197.0 14.00 211 (18)
MinimumAir 1.30 2.70 213.0 14.50 253 (21.8)
MaximumAir 3.70 6.90 194.0 24.00 253 (21.8)
Design flow,
l/s (mld)
Existing +
New
Vessels
New only
1Pumps
57.8m
61.6m
TWL =199.4
EXISTING
6.5m
3
NEW
2.5m
3
Air flow rate Pressure
m cum/hr m m
2.4 180
45.6 10.0
Vessel design
pressure
260 260
Compressor
Pressure relief valve
Blow off pressure
Figure 2: - Bukit Kepis Schematic Diagram

14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Air flow rate Pressure
m m m m
m
3
m
3
cum/hr m m
Taisho 150 145 150 180 5.90 1.60 8.60 120 180
Kepis 213 190 213 260 3.7 1.3 2.4 180 260
=max. of [1],[2] = [3]*1.2 ={[5]-[6]}*2*1.0 = [4]
Pressure relief valve
Blow off pressure
Max. surge
pressure
Close valve
head
Max. system
pressure
Vessel design
pressure
Pumping
System
initial air
at L
initial air
at H
Compressor
7. Conclusion
The proposed additional surge vessels are able to control the surge pressures occurred at
the pumping systems. However, air compressors are to be provided to maintain the water
levels inside the surge vessel within the upper and lower limits. When the water level in
the surge vessel rises above the H level, the electrically actuated compressed air supply
valve shall automatically open to supply compressed air to the surge vessel. When the
water level drops below the Normal water level the electrically actuated compressed air
supply valve shall automatically close. When the water level drops below the L level, a
suitable sized control valve with electric actuator shall gradually open to release the air
within the vessel to allow the water level to rise. When the level rises above the Normal
water level, the control valve shall automatically close. The control of cut-in and cut-out
of the compressor will be by level electrodes installed in the surge vessel. The air com-
pressor is sized to top up the air between the H level and N level within 30 minutes.
When water levels inside the surge vessel reach either HH or LL levels, alarm should
sounded and no pumps should be running, until the levels are brought back to between H
level and L level. The compressed air system shall be isolated from the vessels when the
pumps are not running to avoid any changes to the quantity of air in the vessels during
transient stage. Design pressure for the surge vessels shall be the maximum pressure ex-
perienced by the pumping system, plus 20% as safety factor. Compressors must be able
to operate against the maximum pumping pressure, and the pressure relief valve blow off
pressure shall be the vessels design pressure. Table 1 summarizes the compressors size
and vessels design pressure for the pumping system. To prevent slamming of the pumps
non-return valves, rapid closing, non-slam type shall be selected.
Table 1: - Surge Control System Design Data
Appendixes at the end of this report contain the graphical presentations of the transient
response of the pumping system.
APPENDIX A
Transient Response Transient Response
for
Bukit Taisho Pumping System
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
P
r
e
s
s
u
200
250
t
u
m
)
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e
100
150
m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
A
-
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
i
n
i
m
0
50
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
-
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
Chainage in m.
Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure (No Protection)
Mi S P (N P t ti ) H d li G d Li
Files Used:
i
r

Min. Surge Pressure (No Protection) Hydraulic Grade Line
Max. Surge Pressures Min. Surge Pressures
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
200
250
t
u
m
)
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

100
150
m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
A
-
i
i
-
w
i
t
h

m
a
x
i
m
0
50
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
Chainage in m.
Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure (No Protection)
Mi S P (N P t ti ) H d li G d Li
Files Used:
i
r

Min. Surge Pressure (No Protection) Hydraulic Grade Line
Max. Surge Pressures Min. Surge Pressures
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
K l J li W t S l
P
r
e
s
s
u
250
d
,

m
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
u
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

150
200
a
t

P
u
m
p

e
n
d
A
-
e
n
d

50
100
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
a
d

-
i
i
i
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
E
l
e
v
Time Sec
Files Used:
Time, Sec.
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
F
l
o
w

a
1.2
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
/
s
A
-
i
v
d

0 4
-0.2
0
0.2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p
-0.6
-0.4
Time, Sec.
Files Used:
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
W
a
t
e
r

l
61.4
61.6
m
l
e
v
e
l

o
f

t
h
e

s
61
61.2
w
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l
,

m
A
-
v
s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
60.4
60.6
60.8
V
e
s
s
e
l
'
s

e
l

60.2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time, Sec.
Files Used:
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
16
18
u
m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

t
h
8
10
12
14
e

o
f

A
i
r
,

c
u
m
A
-
v
i
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
2
4
6
8
V
o
l
u
m
e
s
s
e
l

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time, Sec.
Files Used:
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
F
l
o
w

t
h
0.4
0.6
/
s
h
r
o
u
g
h

i
n
t
e
r
-
0 2
0
0.2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 o
r
i
f
i
c
e
,

c
u
m
/
A
-
v
i
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g

-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

i
i
p
i
p
e

w
o
r
k
s

-1
-0.8
F
Time, Sec.
Files Used:
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Taisho\[Results-Vessel-Taisho.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jeli Water Supply
Pumping to Bukit Taisho (existing vessel)
P
r
e
s
s
u
120
140
160
s
s
e
l
,

m
u
r
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

s
u
60
80
100
120
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

V
e
s
A
-
v
i
i
i
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l
0
20
40
60
G
a
u
g
e

P
r
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time, Sec.
Files Used:
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
APPENDIX B
Transient Response Transient Response
for
Bukit Kepis Pumping System
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max Flow)
P
r
e
s
s
250
300
u
m
)
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e
100
150
200
m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
B
-
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
i
n
i
m
0
50
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
-
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Chainage in m.
Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure (No Protection)
Min. Surge Pressure (No Protection) Hydraulic Grade Line
Files Used:
r
Max. Surge Pressures Min. Surge Pressures
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results Vessel Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
200
250
300
D
a
t
u
m
)
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
50
100
150
200
i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
B
-
i
i
w
i
t
h

m
a
x
i
m
u
m
0
50
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

Chainage in m.
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure (No Protection)
Min. Surge Pressure (No Protection) Hydraulic Grade Line
Max. Surge Pressures Min. Surge Pressures
Files Used:
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results Vessel Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
250
300
e
n
d
,

m
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
150
200
e
a
d

a
t

P
u
m
p

e
B
-
i
i
i
n
d

0
50
100
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
MINIMUM AIR
Files Used:
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results Vessel Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
P i t K i R i (M Fl )
F
l
o
w

a
t
0.25
0.3
/
s
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
B
-
i
v
-0 2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
0.2
Time, Sec.
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
Files Used:
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results Vessel Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
W
a
t
e
r

l
e
61.1
61.2
61.3
l
,

m
e
v
e
l

o
f

t
h
e

s
u
60.7
60.8
60.9
61
e
l
'
s

w
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
B
-
v
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

60.3
60.4
60.5
60.6
V
e
s
s
e
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUMAIR
Files Used:
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results Vessel Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
m
6
7
8
m
m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

t
h
e

3
4
5
6
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r
,

c
u
m
B
-
v
i
s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
0
1
2
V
o
l
u
l

0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
Files Used:
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results Vessel Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
0 1
0.15
0.2
m
/
s
r
o
u
g
h

i
n
t
e
r
-
c
o
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
u
g
h

o
r
i
f
i
c
e
,

c
u
B
-
v
i
i
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g

p
i
p
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
p
e

w
o
r
k
s

-0.25
Time, Sec.
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUMAIR
Files Used:
MAXIMUM AIR
C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results-Vessel-Kepis.xls]Sheet2 C:\J obs\Munseh\Report\Kepis\[Results Vessel Kepis.xls]Sheet2
Program by A.L. Lau
Kuala Jelai Water Supply
Pumping to Kepis Reservoir (Max. Flow)
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
200
250
V
e
s
s
e
l
,

m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

s
u
r
g
e
100
150
e

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

V
B
-
v
i
i
i
e

v
e
s
s
e
l
0
50
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
G
a
u
g
e
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
MINIMUM AIR
MAXIMUM AIR
Files Used: