Transitional Refugee Shelter

AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011

Liina
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Global Problem & Increasing Need
The number of refugees worldwide is increasing, and is expected to exceed 1 billion by 2050 (Christian Aid 2007)
Our Goal:
To design and build a prototype of a wooden
transitional shelter with the intent of improving
peoples lives through good design.
What is a Transitional Shelter?
Transitional shelter provides a habitable covered living space and a
secure, healthy living environment, with privacy and dignity, to those
within it, during the period between a confict or natural disaster and
the achievement of a durable shelter solution. Corsellis & Vitale (2005)
After the disaster:
- Transitional shelters are the second response, a week or more after the
disaster
- Durable enough to last until reconstruction is complete, and to be able
to be upgraded, relocated, resold or recycled.
- The goal is always for refugee camps to disperse and for refugees to
return to their home or homelands
Shelter Centre website
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Ararat Study Site & Further Applications
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Iran
Turkey
Example Location: Ararat Region
Countries: Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran
Religions: Muslim & Christian
Environment: Earthquakes (up to 7 mag.)
Severe droughts
Deforestation
Soil, Water & Air Pollution
Climate Data: Continental
Summer Temperatures 30/36 C
Winter Temperatures -10/-15 C
Max. monthly precipitation: 50mm
Building traditions: Earthen walls with wood beams
Separate spaces for men and women
Nomadic tent tradition
Designing a Universal Cold Weather Shelter
- Finland has a history of sending winterized army tents to disaster
areas, as recently as 9000 tents sent to China after the 2008 Sichuan
earthquake
- Requirements: Insulation
Small windows (not to lose heat)
Good airtightness in joints & connections
Quality stove
Adaptable spaces
Google Maps, Ararat Tourism
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Our Program/Task
Information taken from Shelter Centre Transitional Shelter Guidelines 2009
Program Considerations and Requirements:
Assembly: Built by 2 people in 1 day
Built only using simple, common tools (without electricity)
Assembled using only a cartoon diagram
Fabrication: Easy to fabricate in any factory quickly
Package able to be stored for up to 5 years
Transportation: Each component carried by 2 people and/or 1 donkey
Each component fts standard shipping container
Design: Built on a variety of terrains, soil
Withstand 300 N/M^2 snow loads
Hurricane class 3 winds (or 18 m/s)
Fire Safety: 2 doors at opposite ends
For Cold Weather Climates
Use of sustainable materials (wood!)
Dignifed and elegant shelter
Building Life: Pieces able to be moved and reused
Occupied from 6 months to 5 years
MOMA Home Delivery, Viviendas Hogar de Cristo (Guayaquil)
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Signes Winning Design: Flatpacked Bookshelf Shelter
FALL DESIGN COMPETITION
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Design Principles
1
Principle mounting of walls,
roof & floor modules:
Showing main elements
in module.
Mounted on the ground,
partly slipped, partly
screwed, together.
One module as a defined
box.
The modules connected
by screws.
Protective and stabi-
lizing panels are
mounted with screws,
first the exterior
panels, then the mod-
ules has to be turned
to mount the interior
panels.
If insulation material
is available, this is
filled in the wall at
this point.
2
3
4
Roof and bracing elements are joined
together by additional pieces and screws
to reach the whole span of the unit.
1_ Structure creates the Architectural Character:
Spatial logic, furniture & storage,
Indoor-outdoor spaces
2_ Retain the Flat Pack & Easily Transported qualities:
Small units carried by a person or donkey,
Standard shipping container sized, No transported air
3_ Modular Building Design and Standard Assembly:
Building expanded/contracted for functions/use and
culture/need,
Standard, repeated connections & hardware,
Adaptable to regional building products/traditions
4_ Universality of the Design:
Deployed in a variety of climates, terrains, cultures
5_ As simple as possible
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Interior Studies
- More privacy, while keeping spatial concept
- Relationship between interior, terrace, outside
private, semi-public, public
- Relationship to the rest of the refugee camp
- Spatial Requireme nts: ample storage space
3.5 m^2/person interior space
- Tested with scale models & 1:1 interior mock-up
Final Plan & Interior Mock-up
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
BARREL TRUSS
RDGE
CORRUGATED METAL SHEET
WALL PANELS
CONCRETE PER
FLOOR PANELS
''' BEAM'
STRAP
RATCHET STRAP
CORNER JOINTS
WEDGES
ANGLE
MRROR ANGLES
THE TRUSS S BASED ON THE PRNCPLE OF ABARREL, WHERE
THE COMPRESSON STRENGTH OF AMETALC RNG MAKES THE
WOODEN PECES OF THE BARREL STAY TOGETHER. THE SAME
DEAS USED HERE WTH THE TRUSS BUT NSTEAD OF AMETAL
RNG WE USE ARATCHETSTRAPTO CREATE COMPRESSON
1 2 3
4 5 6
Structure & Assembly
- First examined a wide range of building systems
- Developed SIP (structural insulated panel) and truss
(with non-load bearing panels) system further
- Bernardo came up with barrel truss held together
with nylon straps (for compression)
- Structural sandwich panel system chosen
- Straps (liina) used in place of complex joinery for
improved air tightness
- Weight of panels led to tilt-up assembly system
- Loft for sleeping and bracing/rigidity in assembly
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Envelope & Panel Design
- SIP (structurally insulated panel)
- All wood-based materials:
plywood, Kerto LVL, cellulose insulation
for breathability (no air gap) & sustainability
- 50 mm of insulation = approx. 1750 kg frewood/yr
- Panels assembled in the factory, arrive fatpacked
- Panels use repeated simple joinery:
Wooden dowels, tongue & groove joints
No metal connections
- Lightweight canvas covering over roof and walls for
UV and water protection
- Tested with scale models
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Component Testing
- Joint testing in the engineering dept.
- In-house testing
- 1:5 Model to simulate assembly process
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
System Testing
- 1:5 model in Aalto Aerodynamic Lab
Wind speeds up to 25 m/s
- Build 1:1 SIP truss & end wall
- Earthquake testing
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
To be continued...
- Materials have been ordered
- Visit to the Apollo textile factory for ordering canvas
- Beginning panel fabrication
- Furniture design and building
- Exhibition design
Upcoming Exhibitions:
Fiskars, May 7th (tbd)
World Village Festival, Kaisaniemi May 28-29
Transitional Refugee Shelter
AALTO UNIVERSITY WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
WOOD PROGRAM 2010-2011
Miguel Castillo Lopez (Spain)
Aleksandar Cherepnalkoski (Macedonia)
Mei Groth (USA)
Vladimir Ilic (Serbia)
Rebecca Littman-Smith (USA)
Signe Aarset Loe (Norway)
Marta Marcos (Spain)
Maria Mor (Spain)
Chaeham Oh (Korea)
Hugo Plagnol (France)
Bernardo Richter (Brazil)
Einari Sutinen (Suomi)
Dmitry Troyanovsky (Australia)
WOOD ENGINEERS
Kristofer Gull
Ulla Hakulinen (civil)
Annukka Hirsi
Emil Jansson
Samuli Kimpimaki
Olli Koski
Kai Nordberg (civil)
Pasi Salminen
Aref Shaghajevg
Hanna-Maija Tikka
Tiina Varetsalo
ADVISORS
Ransu Helenius
Mikko Merz
Pentti Raiski
Cristina Santamaria
Matti Kuittinen
Hannu Hirsi
Pekka Heikkinen
http://blogs.aalto.f/shelter/