GRAMMATICAL USE OF TOO AND ENOUGH

TOO
Form
too + adjective or adverb
too much/many + noun
too much/many + of + pronoun/determiner

Meaning:
1. We use too to mean more than sufficient or more/less than necessary.
o It's too late to stop him.
o Jerry was too young to watch the movie.
o There are too many people on this train, there's nowhere to sit.
o You have too much money, give some to me.
o You've eaten too many of those cakes.

2. Meaning When to Use
Too
In addition; to a
higher degree
To indicate something extra or to express excessiveness.
Test by replacing too with also or excessively,
depending on the situation.
Note: A good way to remember which is which is that too, which is used to refer
to something extra or excessive, has an extra o.
EXERCISES
Lee was pulling the trigger too / to quickly. It is supposed too / to be a smooth
movement. You must try too / to rotate the gun barrel, head and shoulders as one
until the clay disc appears too / to sit on top of your barrel, then squeeze the
trigger. Aim slightly in front of the clay too / to allow for its speed. You must wear
earplugs too / to soften the gunshot. If you think about it too / to much, you will
become too / to robotic, and you will fail too / to hit anything.





ENOUGH
Adjective or adverb + enough
enough + noun
enough + of + pronoun/determiner
1. We use enough to mean sufficient.
o Your clothes are big enough to fit me.
o You've done enough work. You can stop now.
o Have you got enough money to buy me a drink?
2. We use enough in negative sentences to mean less than sufficient or less
than necessary.
o You're not working fast enough, you won't finish on time.
o Sorry, I haven't got enough food for everyone.
o Not enough of my friends are coming to the party.
Additional points:
1. We can use enough without a noun if the meaning is clear.
o There's a lot of food but not enough for everyone.
2. We can replace enough with the before a noun.
o I don't have the money to go on holiday.
o His company doesn't have the resources to do the job.
3. We can use time or room alone to mean enough time or enough room.
o Is there room in your car for one more person?
o Do we have time for a coffee?

EXERCISES
1. He wants to be a sumo wrestler but he's .
2. I am so busy! I want to sit and watch T.V but I just don't have .
3. He tried to win the race but he came third, he wasn't
4. This bath is freezing! The water is
5. You will have to sleep on the floor there are
6. There is to make a cup of tea! What is wrong with the pipes?



FOUR Ps
The major marketing management decisions can be classified in one of the
following four categories:
Product
Price
Place (distribution)
Promotion
These variables are known as the marketing mix or the 4 P's of marketing. They
are the variables that marketing managers can control in order to best satisfy
customers in the target market. The marketing mix is portrayed in the following
diagram:

Product
The product is the physical product or service offered to the consumer. In the case
of physical products, it also refers to any services or conveniences that are part of
the offering.
Product decisions include aspects such as function, appearance, packaging,
service, warranty, etc.

Price
Pricing decisions should take into account profit margins and the probable pricing
response of competitors. Pricing includes not only the list price, but also discounts,
financing, and other options such as leasing.
Place
Place (or placement) decisions are those associated with channels of distribution
that serve as the means for getting the product to the target customers. The
distribution system performs transactional, logistical, and facilitating functions.
Distribution decisions include market coverage, channel member selection,
logistics, and levels of service.
Promotion
Promotion decisions are those related to communicating and selling to potential
consumers. Since these costs can be large in proportion to the product price, a
break-even analysis should be performed when making promotion decisions. It is
useful to know the value of a customer in order to determine whether additional
customers are worth the cost of acquiring them. Promotion decisions involve
advertising, public relations, media types, etc.
A Summary Table of the Marketing Mix
The following table summarizes the marketing mix decisions, including a list of
some of the aspects of each of the 4Ps.


ADIDAS CASE

One of the top brands in the sports and footwear market, Adidas has seen its share
of ups and downs. The company started in 1936 and is one of the oldest footwear
brands of the world. However, even though the company has old origins, its heart
is young. Adidas faced stiff competition in the 1980s from Nike but soon overcame
the competition by targeting youngsters as well as sports oriented people.
PRODUCT
The group has maintained a culture of providing high quality products aimed at
providing the best value to the costumer. The products portfolio is continuously
enhanced through creations and innovations throughout the companies various
categories. This is pursued in order to cater to the various needs and wants of
consumers worldwide. Well-known brands for sports apparels, equipment and
accessories, the Adidas group has a diverse brand portfolio consists of: Adidas:
footwear, apparel and accessories; Reebok: footwear, apparel and accessories;
TaylorMade Adidas Golf: Golf Equipment, footwear, apparel and accessories;
Rockport: Dress, casual and outdoor footwear, apparel and accessories;
CCMHockey: Hockey equipment and apparel.
Adidas has various products. The major product of Adidas is off course their
footwear. Coming in various design and style, Adidas footwear is robust and
athletic. The secondary product of Adidas is apparels and accessories. Apparels
like T-Shirts, jackets, sweatshirts, shorts etc are in great demand. Where Reebok
is stronger in footwear, Adidas is stronger in apparels.
The aim of Adidas is to give the best footwear to their customers which has the
combination of technology and design. These products are not need based. In fact,
the shoes are bought by customers to satisfy their wants and desires. Similarly, the
apparels are targeted towards comfort during heavy activity. However, although
the main target is sports, the apparels are frequently used as a style statement by
youngsters.
PRICE
Adidas, because of its style, design and promotions uses skimming prices as well
as competitive pricing. For run of the mill products, Adidas uses competitive pricing
keeping in mind competitors like Nike, Reebok and Puma. But for products which
are newly introduced in the market and are uniquely designed, Adidas uses
skimming price.
Apparels of Adidas constantly use skimming price and are higher priced due to
brand equity of Adidas in the apparels market. The target customer for Adidas is
the upper middle class as well as high end customers. Adidas never uses
penetrative pricing because that will affect the brand equity of Adidas. In fact, the
higher price point helps in the price quality approach and psychologically,
customers think that a higher price will mean better quality as well. Thus, Adidas
rarely drops its prices.

PLACE
The company has adopted an ambitious global plan to distribute its products to the
consumer with a strong focus on controlled space, including: Own-retail business,
e-commerce, Shop-in-Shop, Joint ventures with retail partners, mono-branded
franchise stores, co-branded stores with sports organisations and other brands.
Hence, a high level of brand control is provided. In addition, an integrated
distribution roadmap has been set up to ensure further growth and to increase
brand presence in under-penetrated, affluent cities, without cannibalising their own
brands and distribution mix.



Promotion
Adidas markets through various marketing vehicles but the majority of marketing is
concentrated on television and product placements. The creative team of Adidas is
known to pump adrenaline in their customers through ads which are well made,
very creative and filled with energy. These ads attract the customers towards the
brand by sending the right marketing message to the customer. The tagline of
Adidas Impossible is nothing is in itself a very powerful statement for the brand.
After television, product placement is the second line of promotion for Adidas. The
popularity of the brand is because it ties up with the top players across the world
such as Lionel Messi, Ronaldinho, Sachin Tendulkar and various others. At the
same time, Adidas also sponsors teams and some of the top teams include Real
Madrid, France, Great Britain (in football), England and South Africa (in cricket)
and several others. Below the line marketing of Adidas includes some very creative
outdoor campaigns as well as events marketing. Sales promotions and trade
promotions are also regularly offered by Adidas to their channel partners to
promote the sales of the brand.