Effect of Different Concrete Base Configuration on

the Tensile Breakage Strength of Cast-In-Place

Anchor Bolt
by
Alden Christian C. Perlada
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Mapa Institute of Technology, 2008

Thesis Sub!itte" to the School of #ra"uate Stu"ies
in $artial %ulfill!ent of the &e'uire!ents for the (egree
Master of Science in Civil Engineering
Ma)or in Structural Engineering
Mapa Institute of Technology
*une ++, 20+,
$$&-./ S0EET
This is to certify that 1e have supervise" the preparation of an" rea" the thesis prepare" by
Alden Christian C. Perlada entitle" Effect of Different Concrete Base Configuration on
the Tensile Breakage Strength of Cast-In-Place Anchor Bolt an" that the sai" thesis has
been sub!itte" for final e2a!ination by the -ral E2a!ination Co!!ittee3
Bernard S. Villaverde
"viser
s !e!bers of the -ral E2a!ination Co!!ittee, 1e certify that 1e have e2a!ine" this
thesis, presente" before the co!!ittee on *une ++ 20+,, an" hereby reco!!en" that it be
accepte" as fulfill!ent of the thesis re'uire!ent for the "egree in Master of Science in Civil
Engineering Ma!or in Structural Engineering"3
Er#in C. $uia%&ao 'ocel(n S. Buluran
$anel Me!ber $anel Me!ber
Divina ). *on+ales
Co!!ittee Chair!an
This thesis is hereby approve" an" accepte" by the School4(epart!ent as fulfill!ent of the
thesis re'uire!ent for the "egree in Master of Science in Civil Engineering Ma!or in
Structural Engineering"3
'onathan ,.-. Salvacion
(ean, School of #ra"uate Stu"ies
2
AC./0,-ED*EME/T
%irst of all I 1oul" li5e to than5 #o" for all the blessings he have given !e to surpass
all the challenges in pursuing !y career as an engineer3 n" to those very i!portant people
1ho beca!e !y strength 1hen I 1as "oing this research6
Engr. -ucila 1 Ale2ander Perlada, !y $arents, I 1oul" li5e to e2press !y "eepest
appreciation to the! for continuously supporting !y stu"ies, provi"ing !y nee"s an" for
being the best parents in the 1orl"3
Carleen B. 3a&res, !y best frien", for giving !e a"vice an" gui"ance to pursue !y "rea!s3
)auden B. Panotes. Mark Tristan ). 3eli24 'ean C. Pascua 1 Aiv( C. Sa%arita4 !y
colleagues, for sharing ti!e, 5no1le"ge an" everything, especially for helping !e co!plete
the concept of this research, congratulations to everyone7
Infra Consultants in the Phils ICP" Staffs, !y 1or5!ates, for all the consi"erations an"
for giving !e ti!e to finish !y stu"ies3
Engr. Takehiko .asai, !y Boss 8TI9*apan:, for provi"ing !e research tea! an" !aterials
an" also for bringing !e to relate" sites an" locations "uring the planning stage of this
research3
n" last but not the least,
Ms. )oscel Marie M. Pala&a(4 !y girlfrien", Than5 you for being !y inspiration an"
!otivation, 1ithout you I 1ill not ta5e this opportunity to stu"y !ore about structural
engineering3
;
TAB-E 03 C0/TE/TS
TIT/E $#E i
$$&-./ $#E ii
C<=->/E(#EME=T iii
TB/E -% C-=TE=TS iv
/IST -% TB/ES vi
/IST -% %I#?&ES vii
BST&CT viii
Chapter +6 I=T&-(?CTI-= +
Chapter 26 &E.IE> -% /ITE&T?&E @
nchor Bolts A
Base Material 8
Brea5age an" Cone %ailure +0
Theoretical Consi"erations +,
Chapter ;6 E%%ECT -% (I%%E&E=T C-=C&ETE BSE C-=%I#?&TI-= -= T0E
TE=SI/E B&E<#E ST&E=#T0 -% CST9I=
=C0-& B-/T +B
bstract +B
Intro"uction +8
Conceptual %ra!e1or5 22
Concrete Base Configuration2@
$ull9out (evice 28
Steel fra!e Support 2C
Steel braces ;0
#eneral -b)ectives ;0
Significance of the Stu"y ;+
,
Scope an" /i!itations 2C
Metho"ology
&esearch (esign ;0
&espon"ents of the Stu"y ;0
(ata #athering Materials;0
(ata #athering Instru!ents an" E'uip!ents ;,
(ata #athering $roce"ure ;A
Statistical Treat!ent ,A
&esults an" (iscussion ,8
Conclusion @;
&eferences @A
Chapter ,6 C-=C/?SI-= @8
Chapter @6 &EC-MME=(TI-= A+
&E%E&E=CES A2
$$E=(ICES A@
@
-IST 03 3I*5)ES
%I#?&E 23+6 nchor /oa" transfer Mechanis!s, Eligehausen @
%I#?&E 2326 Types of nchor Bolts, CI ;+8 A
%I#?&E 23;6 Types of nchor Syste! B
%I#?&E 23,6 %ailure !o"es of Bon"e" nchors un"er tension loa", Eligehausen 200A C
%I#?&E 23@6 ctual Concrete cone failure C
%I#?&E 23A6 $e"estal supporting a co!pressor9buil"ing colu!n ta5en fro! CS To"ay, .ol3
III =o3+2 +0
%I#?&E 23B6 #eo!etry of test speci!ens "evelope" for investigating crac5 propagation
aroun" a hea"e" stu" anchorage ++
%I#?&E 238 $ositions of strain gauges for !easuring strains perpen"icular to the crac5 +2
%I#?&E 23C6 $ull9out %ailure loa" of po1er actuate" fastener as a function of e!be"!ent
"epth, $atDa5 +CBC +;
%I#?&E 23+06 Effect of E"ge "istance, %uch et al +CC@ +,
%I#?&E 23++6 Section through failure cone +@
%I#?&E ;3+6 Conceptual %ra!e1or5 of the stu"y 2,
%I#?&E ;326 Base Configuration 2@
%I#?&E ;3;6 Top vie1 of concrete base speci!ens 2A
%I#?&E ;3,6 pplication of anchor bolts in "ifferent base 2B
%I#?&E ;3@6 $ullout "evice 28
%I#?&E ;3A6 Steel %ra!e Support 2C
%I#?&E ;3B6 Steel Brace Support ;0
%I#?&E ;386 STM ;2@ bolt co!plete 1ith nut an" 1asher asse!ble" STM an" ;2@
bolt Specifications ;,
%I#?&E ;3C6 ?niversal Testing Machine ;A
%I#?&E ;3+06 ?TM gauge an" co!puter ;A
%I#?&E ;3++6 ctual speci!en after concrete pouring ;C
%I#?&E ;3+26 Curing an" Installation of $olyethylene sheets3 ,0
%I#?&E ;3+;6 ctual pictures "uring the transportation of sa!ples ,+
%I#?&E ;3+,6 Setup of the e2peri!ent3 ,2
%I#?&E ;3+@6 Setup of the e2peri!ent using the pull9out "evice setup "one in the stu"y
Influence of Crushe" Coarse ggregate SiDe on E2pansion nchorEs $ullout $erfor!ance,
#3Estores 20+0 ,;
%I#?&E ;3+A6 ctual pictures "uring the transportation of sa!ples ,@
A
-IST 03 TAB-ES
TB/E ;3+6 $hysical properties of aggregates ;;
TB/E ;326 Che!ical re'uire!ent of ce!ent type I ;;
TB/E ;3;6 (esign Mi2 for ;000 an" ,000 psi ;B
%I#?&E 23+6 Types of nchor Bolts, CI ;+8 @
%I#?&E 2326 Types of nchor Syste! A
%I#?&E 23;6 %ailure !o"es of Bon"e" nchors un"er tension loa" B
%I#?&E 23,6 ctual Concrete cone failure 8
%I#?&E 23@6 $e"estal supporting a co!pressor9buil"ing colu!n ta5en fro! CS To"ay, .ol3
III =o3+2 8
%I#?&E 23A6 #eo!etry of test speci!ens "evelope" for investigating crac5 propagation
aroun" a hea"e" stu" anchorage +,
%I#?&E 23B6 $ositions of strain gauges for !easuring strains perpen"icular to the crac5 +@
%I#?&E ;3+6 Conceptual %ra!e1or5 of the stu"y +B
%I#?&E ;326 Base Configuration + 22
%I#?&E ;3;6 Top vie1 of concrete base speci!ens 22
%I#?&E ;3,6 pplication of anchor bolts in "ifferent base 2+
%I#?&E ;3@6 $ullout "evice 2@
%I#?&E ;3A6 Steel %ra!e Support 2A
%I#?&E ;3B6 Steel Brace Support 2B
%I#?&E ;386 ?niversal Testing Machine 2B
%I#?&E ;3C6 STM ;2@ bolt co!plete 1ith nut an" 1asher asse!ble" STM an" ;2@
bolt Specifications ;2
%I#?&E ;3+06 ?TM gauge an" co!puter ;+
%I#?&E ;3++6 ctual speci!en after concrete pouring ;@
%I#?&E ;3+26 ctual pictures "uring the transportation of sa!ples ,0
%I#?&E ;3+26 Setup of the e2peri!ent3 ,+
%I#?&E ;3+;6 Setup of the e2peri!ent using the pull9out "evice setup "one in the stu"y
Influence of Crushe" Coarse ggregate SiDe on E2pansion nchorEs $ullout $erfor!ance,
Estores 20+0 ,2
%I#?&E ;3+,6 Setup of the e2peri!ent using the pull9out "evice by #3Estores 20+0 ,;
%I#?&E ;3+A6 $ro)ection of ngle of Brea5age through plotting an" the actual pictures
"uring testing3
B
ABST)ACT
The "esign of anchor bolts 1as intro"uce" in CI ;+83 nchor bolts is either cast9in
or post9installe" into a har"ene" concrete !e!ber, ccor"ing to the co"e anchor bolt failure
!ay occur "ue to brea5age 1hen it is sub)ecte" to high a!ount of tensile stress cause" by the
pull9out test hence, an i!portant part in the "esign of bolts focuses on concrete base3 This
research intro"uces five concrete base configurations to "eter!ine the effect of $ull9out in
these follo1ing situations3 The !ain variable in this stu"y 1as the !a2i!u! $ull9out force3
Concrete base sa!ples 1ere prepare" an" cure" for 28 "ays to ensure the "esire co!pressive
strength of 2+ M$a an" 28 M$a3 fter the pullout test 1as con"ucte", the test results 1ere
analyDe" using =-. to "eter!ine their significant "ifference3 s a result, the researcher
1as able to co!e up 1ith re"uction factors correspon"ing to each configuration3 It 1as
further observe" fro! actual observation that the brea5age failure for!e" in ;@ "egrees angle
of brea5age3
.e(#ords6 Cast9in nchor Bolt, $ull9out Test, Concrete base, Co!pressive strength an"
$ull9out strength3
8
Cha6ter 7
I/T)0D5CTI0/
nchor bolts has been 1i"ely use" for safety9relate" applications for the past +0 years,
ItEs application involves structural connections, earth'ua5e bracing, guar" rails, !echanical
an" electrical e'uip!ent support, piping an" "uct1or5 support an" bracing, cla""ing an"
faFa"e connections, or rebar "o1eling3 Co!!only, anchors together 1ith base plates 1ere
the last ones being consi"ere" in the "esignG ho1ever, there 1ere con"itions that structural
engineers have encountere" in the practice 1here in the "esign of anchorage un"er high
tensile stress re'uires "eep e!be"!ent 1hich results to situations 1herein concrete 1ith
e"ge configuration is intro"uce" to the bolts, this situation is not "irectly specifie" in the CI
co"e an" other co!!ercially available specifications3
ccor"ing to the up"ate" CI ;+8920++ the anchorage fail "ue to brea5age 1hen
sub)ecte" to high a!ount of tensile stress 1hich can also be "eter!ine" using the pull9out
perfor!ance test of the anchors 1hich pro"uces a rectangular9shape" failure, such failure
1ill "ecrease the instability of the structure !a5ing it unsafe an" coul" pose a haDar" to life
an" affect the econo!y3 t present ti!e, there are no1 several !etho"s "evelope" to counter
the brea5age of concrete3 0ence, an i!portant aspect in the "esign is focusing on the base
!aterial, usually !a"e up of concrete or so!eti!es soil, har" roc5s an" "ebris, it is
i!portant for the structural engineer, 1ho is in charge of the calculation an" the "esign to
consi"er these 1hen perfor!ing the "esign of anchorage3 -n the other han", the shape of the
base !aterial 1ith e"ge configuration 1as not consi"ere" by CI ;+8920++ an" CI ;,C3
lso, the co"e "oes not clearly specify the approach in "ealing 1ith concrete base 1here the
C
e!be"!ent is greater an" lo1er than the pe"estal 1herein the e!be"!ent "epth is
influence" by high tensile force3 nchor bolts has been 1i"ely use" for safety9relate"
applications for the past +0 years, ItEs application involves structural connections, earth'ua5e
bracing, guar" rails, !echanical an" electrical e'uip!ent support, piping an" "uct1or5
support an" bracing, cla""ing an" faFa"e connections, or rebar "o1eling3 Co!!only,
anchors together 1ith base plates 1ere the last ones being consi"ere" in the "esignG ho1ever,
there 1ere con"itions that structural engineers have encountere" in the practice 1here in the
"esign of anchorage un"er high tensile stress re'uires "eep e!be"!ent 1hich results to
situations 1herein concrete 1ith e"ge configuration is intro"uce" to the bolts, this situation is
not "irectly specifie" in the CI co"e an" other co!!ercially available specifications3
This research 1as con"ucte" pri!arily to investigate the possible effect of "ifferent
configuration of concrete base 1ith anchor bolt to the tensile brea5age strength of anchor
bolt3 %urther!ore, this stu"y is to "eter!ine the influence of e!be"!ent "epth of s'uare9
hea" anchor bolt on concrete failure because "ue to previous stu"ies there is an effect to
"ifferent concrete base configurations on the pull out strength of anchor bolts consi"ering
t1o "ifferent concrete strength3 Thus, this e2peri!ental setup shoul" verify that the angle of
brea5age of ;@H 1ill still e2ist on each type of base configurations an" also chec5 the
governing e"ge factor 8
H
ef
: that 1ill affect the area of brea5age after pull out test3 It is
also possible that re"uction on the strength of the anchor is present because of the area
re"uce"3
+0
The significance of this stu"y is to provi"e infor!ation on the effect of concrete base
1ith anchor bolt having "ifferent configuration an" "eter!ine its effect to the tensile
brea5age strength of anchor bolts3 This stu"y 1ill vali"ate the ;@H angle of the brea5age
failure, current for!ula for e"ge "istance 8+3@
H
ef
: an" !o"ification factor 8I: is
applicable3 The effect of "ifferent concrete strength on concrete base 1ith "ifferent
configuration 1ill be "eter!ine"3 The stu"y provi"es infor!ation that 1ill be useful for
structural "esigners3 0ence, this stu"y 1ill provi"e useful infor!ation that can be a"apte" by
=ational Structural Co"e of the $hilippines3 n" also, to con"uct a stu"y 1hich 1ill be
useful for the future researcher here in the $hilippines3
This stu"y is li!ite" on the tensile brea5age perfor!ance of anchor bolt installe" on
concrete base 1ith "ifferent configuration3 There are five "ifferent configuration of concrete
base that 1ill be use" in this stu"y3 The stu"y is li!ite" on t1o "ifferent concrete strengths
;000 an" ,000 psi3 This stu"y uses locally available !aterials here in the $hilippines3 There
are three speci!ens per concrete base configuration in this research3 Speci!ens 1as
"e!oul"e" after 2, hours, cure" for B "ays an" teste" after 28 "ays3 The preparation of
speci!ens for this research 1as in accor"ance to !erican Stan"ar"s for Testing Materials
8STM:3
The stu"y is li!ite" on the pull9out perfor!ance of anchor bolt installe" to concrete
base 1ith "ifferent configuration using the universal testing !achine 8?TM:3 Consi"ering
only tension shall be applie" to anchor bolts installe" into a concrete having a co!pressive
strength of ;000 an" ,000 psi, the e!be"!ent length co!pute" in this stu"y is +20!!, to
ensure that the concrete fail "ue to brea5age the tensile force for the pull9out perfor!ance of
++
anchor bolts is increase"3 The researcher ai!s to use stan"ar" cast9in9place s'uare9hea"e"
anchor bolts for the e2peri!ent to ensure that no specialiDe" property of co!!ercially
available anchors affects the result of the stu"y 1hich 1as "eter!ine" using =-. for
statistical !etho"3 Consi"ering having ; sets of speci!en per "esign strength, the researchers
opte" out to stu"y the anchor group an" reinforce" concrete in this stu"y to focus pri!arily
on the brea5age behavior of concrete itself3 The researcher "oes not inclu"e reinforce!ent
an" anchor groups to focus on the behavior of single anchor3
+2
Cha6ter 8
)EVIE, 03 -ITE)AT5)E
I. Introduction
nchor bolts transfer applie" tension loa"s to the anchorage !aterial through
!echanical interloc5, friction, bon", or a co!bination of these !echanis!s &3 Eligehausen et
al 200A3
3igure 8.7 nchor /oa" transfer Mechanis!s, Eligehausen
nchor bolts 1ere use" to connect other !e!bers to concrete, an e2a!ple of these are
cranes, che!ical apparatus an" other non9structural !e!bers figure 232 sho1s the types of
anchor bolts an" its classification, Cast9in anchors an" $ost9installe" anchors3 Cast9in
anchors as "efine" by CI is anchor 1ith hea"e" bolt, hea"e" stu", or hoo5e" bolt installe"
before placing concrete3 >hile $ost9installe" anchor is installe" in har"ene" concrete3
E2pansion, un"ercut, an" a"hesive anchors are e2a!ples of post9installe" anchors3
3igure 8.8 Types of nchor Bolts, CI ;+8
II. )evie# of )elated -iterature
A. Anchor Bolts
In the nchor syste! sho1n fro! figure 23; a 1i"e variety of bolts co!!ercially
available can be use" "epen"ing on the actual site con"itions an" structural consi"erations
"one by the engineer3
CST9I= $/CE
=C0-& SJSTEM
0ea"e" nchors
Stu"s
*K/ Bolts
$-ST I=ST//E(
B-=(E(
MEC0=IC/
(0ESI.E
?=(E&C?T
#&-?TE(
EL$=SI-=
$-/JME&
0JB&I( SJSTEM
$-/JME&
CEME=TITI-?S
M
3igure 8.9 Types of nchor Syste!
Each type of anchor sho1n in %igure 23; has a variety of range of application an"
!ay be less inappropriate for applications outsi"e of that range3 Therefore, in choosing the
correct anchor for a specific purpose an" to be able to "esign the anchor, 1i"e 5no1le"ge
about the behavior 1ith respect to loa"9carrying capacity of the various anchor syste!s is
nee"e"3 This behavior is affecte" by so !any para!eters, inclu"ing the base !aterial
con"itions 1hich are crac5e" or non9crac5e", the "irection of loa"s such as tension, shear,
co!bination of tension an" shear3
1. Cast-in-6lace Anchor Bolts
%or Cast9in9place anchors, previous "iscussion states that anchors transfer tension
loa"s into the concrete base, CI ;,C 0A assu!e the concrete is crac5e" to si!plify the
analysis because concrete has a very s!all tension resistance an" the assu!ption to that is
al1ays Dero3 ccor"ing to CI ;+89++ Typical cast9in hea"e" stu"s an" hea"e" bolts 1ith
geo!etries consistent 1ith =SI4SME B+3+
D.1
, B+8323+
D.2
an" B+8323A
D.3
have
been teste" an" proven to behave pre"ictably, so calculate" pullout strengths are acceptable3
2. Post-Installed Anchor Bolts
(efine" by CI ;+89++ an anchor installe" in har"ene" concrete by !eans of hole
"rilling, e2pansion thru ha!!er or capsule, un"ercutting an" application of a"hesive3
ccor"ing to the CI co"e $ost9installe" anchors "o not have pre"ictable pull out strength3
nchor bolt technology is continuously i!prove" by co!!ercial co!panies an" provi"e"
!any variation of anchor bolts in 1hich they provi"e their o1n specifications 1hich is
allo1e" by CI3
B. Base Material
In 20+0, one significant stu"y 1as "one through the stu"y Influence of Crushe" Coarse
ggregate SiDe on E2pansion nchorEs $ullout $erfor!ance, Estores 20+0 that 1as
con"ucte" states that aggregate siDes influence the failure of anchor bolts an" he also
gathere" infor!ation about the effect of !a2i!u! siDe of aggregates to the cone failure of
the base3 %ailure is "epen"ing on the length of e!be"!ent
h
ef
, Concrete Strength an"
Strength of steel use" in anchors3 The failure sho1n in figure 23, in"icates the failures 1ith
respect to bon"3 it is "ue to short e!be"!ent length that the anchor is e2pecte" to fail in the
bon" first, if a"hesive 1ere intro"uce" it can affect the perfor!ance of the anchor an"
strength its hol" to the concrete, as e2pecte" by the "esigner if "eeper e!be"!ent is installe"
it 1ill fail to brea5age or cone failure first3
3igure 8.: %ailure !o"es of Bon"e" nchors un"er tension loa", Eligehausen 200A
3igure 8.; ctual Concrete cone failure
The reason 1hy structural engineers "eepen the e!be"!ent length is because of the
high tensile re'uire!ent, e2a!ple of an application of this available in the stu"y "one by
>i"ianto et al sho1ing a concrete pe"estal supporting co!pressor9buil"ing colu!ns use" in
petroche!ical facilities3 In all cases, application of e2ternal loa" in"uces tensile stresses in
the concrete3 In !any cases, the anchor fails because the tensile capacity of the concrete is
e2cee"e" Eligehausen et al 200A3
3igure 8.< $e"estal supporting a co!pressor9buil"ing colu!n ta5en fro! CS To"ay, .ol3
III =o3+2
C. Breakage = Concrete cone failure
In a report prepare" regar"ing Steel E!be"!ent to provi"e e2a!ples of the
application of the CI ;,C Co"e to the "esign of steel e!be"!ent3 The first e"ition of
this report, publishe" in +CCB, 1as base" on CI ;,C9CB that use" the ,@9"egree cone
brea5out !o"el for "eter!ining the concrete brea5out strength3 The 200+ e"ition of the
co"e !ar5e" a !a)or "eparture fro! the previous e"itions 1ith the a"option of the
concrete capacity "esign 8CC(: !etho"3 The !o"el for the concrete brea5out strength
use" in the CC( !etho" is a brea5out pris! having an angle of appro2i!ately ;@
"egrees3 In a""ition, the concrete brea5out strength for a single anchor a1ay fro! the
e"ge is proportional to the e!be"!ent "epth raise" to the po1er of +3@ an" not
e!be"!ent "epth s'uare" as use" in the previous versions of the co"e3 These an" other
changes in the co"e results in "esigns that are so!e1hat "ifferent than those obtaine"
using the previous versions3
3igure 8.> #eo!etry of test speci!ens "evelope" for investigating crac5 propagation aroun"
a hea"e" stu" anchorage
Eligehausen, Sa1a"e +C8@ "escribe tests on hea"e" anchors 1ith e!be"!ent "epth
hN 80 !!3 The test speci!en sho1n in %ig3 23B 1as conceive" to per!it "irect
observation of the crac5 for!ation process "uring anchor loa"ing3 restraining bar
place" at the location of the anchor hea" 8not sho1n: prevente" horiDontal translation of
the anchor "uring loa"ing3 ll loa"ing 1as "isplace!ent controlle"3 fluorescent
penetrating flui" of the type use" to inspect 1el"s 1as spraye" on the e2pose" surface at
perio"ic intervals, ren"ering visible crac5s 1ith a 1i"th O 0300+ !! un"er ultraviolet
light an" !agnification3 In later tests, the strains at the surface of the concrete 1ere
!easure" 1ith strain gauges 8gauge length N 20!!:3 In a""ition, tests using acoustic
e!ission analysis to "etect the onset of crac5ing 1ere con"ucte"3
3igure 8.? $ositions of strain gauges for !easuring strains perpen"icular to the crac5
8"i!ensions in !ili!eters: 8Eligehausen, Sa1a"e +C8C:
The e2peri!ent of Eligehausen an" Sa1a"e "one in +C8C, they place the vertical
co!ponent sho1n %igure 238, !a5ing it perpen"icular to the crac5 an" they 1ere able to
e2tract the ulti!ate loa" that has a "eviation of 03+@ fro! the actual tension force applie"3
Thus, base" on their fin"ings shear stress acting on the fracture plane has a !ini!al effect on
the e!be"!ent "epth of the anchors "oes have an effect to the slope failure cone3
The influence of the e!be"!ent "epth on the concrete failure loa" of hea"e" stu"s 1as
investigate" syste!atically 1ith the loa"9"isplace!ent behavior of po1er actuate" fasteners
un"er applie" loa" is al!ost linear up to failure3 The "isplace!ent value at ulti!ate loa" is
relatively s!all a!ounting to a value less than 03;!! an" tension failure 1ith respect to
brittleness is very !uch "istinguishe"3
3igure 8.@ $ull9out %ailure loa" of po1er actuate" fastener as a function of e!be"!ent
"epth, $atDa5 +CBC3
The Influence of a co!ponent e"ge on the shape of the concrete brea59out cone
failure is visible by consi"ering the base area, the figure sho1n in the left is sho1ing the
"istance c N +3@
h
ef
an" the &ight si"e figure sho1 that c P +3@ ti!es the effective
e!be"!ent "epth3
3igure 8.7A Effect of E"ge "istance, %uch et al +CC@
The geo!etrical influence of co!ponent e"ges on the characteristic resistance 1ith
conical concrete brea5out can also be "escribe" using the concrete capacity !etho", if the
e"ge "istance is tangent to the e"ge an" the loa" carrying capacity correspon" to the value of
a single anchor3 >ohlfahrt +CCA
Theoretical Considerations
I. Cast-in Anchor
The e'uation for single cast9in anchor bolt installe" in uncrac5e" con"ition
concrete base 1ill use the e'uation
N
cb
=
A
Nc
A
Nco

ec , N
,
Nc
,
Ncp
, N
Nb
8E'323+:
=
co
is the no!inal concrete brea5 out strength in tension sho1n in E'3+3+, then the area of
failure
=co
is co!pute" using e'3+32, !ultiplying the effective e!be"!ent length by nine,
further!ore the !o"ification factors in"icate" by together 1ith subscripts to "eter!ine
the purpose or concern of the factor is given as follo1s6
A
Nco
=Ch
ef
8E'3232:
%or anchors locate" in a region of a concrete !e!ber 1here analysis in"icates no
crac5ing at service loa" levels the value of

Nc
=+32@
for cast9in anchors3
The !o"ification factor,

ecN
is for anchor groups 1ith eccentrically loa" in
tension as presente" by e'uation +3;3 but the value !ust not be ta5en greater than +30

ecN
=
+
(++
2e
'
N
;
hef
)
8E'323;:
The !o"ification factor for e"ge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loa"e" in
tension shall be co!pute" as6
If
C
a ,min
+3@h
ef
, the !o"ification factor

edN
is e'ual to +30 8E'323,:
If
C
a ,min
<+3@h
ef
, the !o"ification factor
edN
=03B+03;
C
a ,min
+3@h
ef
8E'323@:
%igure ;326 Section through failure cone
ccor"ing to CI co"e cast9in hea"e" stu"s an" hea"e" bolts 1ith ++inches P
h
ef
2@
inches, the Brea5out strength of a single anchor in tension
N
b
is co!pute"6

N
b
=+A
a
f c
'
h
ef
@/ ;
8E'323A:
%or single cast9in hea"e" stu"s an" hea"e" bolts, the per!itte" pullout strength in tension is
N
p
=8
brg
fc '
8E'323B:
It is not the loa" re'uire" to pull the anchor co!pletely out of the concrete, so the e'uation
contains no ter! relating to e!be"!ent "epth3
%or an anchor locate" in a region of a concrete !e!ber 1here analysis in"icates no crac5ing
at service loa" levels, the follo1ing !o"ification factor 1ill be per!itte"

c , P
=+3,
8E'3238:
>here analysis in"icates crac5ing at service loa" level

c , P
=+3,
shall be ta5en as
+30
%or a single hea"e" anchor 1ith "eep e!be"!ent close to an e"ge 8
h
ef
>23@c
a1
:, the
no!inal si"e9face blo1out strength, shall not e2cee"
N
sb
=+A0c
a1
(

A
brg
)
a
f c
'
8E'3 23C:
If
c
a2
for the single hea"e" anchor is less than
;c
a1
, the value of
N
sb
shall be
!ultiplie" by the factor 8+Q
C
a2
C
a1
:R, 1here +30 P
C
a2
C
a1
P ;30
8E'3 ;30:
Cha6ter 9
E33ECT 03 DI33E)E/T C0/C)ETE BASE C0/3I*5)ATI0/ 0/ TBE
TE/SI-E B)EA.A*E ST)E/*TB 03 CAST-I/
A/CB0) B0-T
A&stract
The "esign of anchor bolts 1as intro"uce" in CI ;+83 nchor bolts is either cast9in
or post9installe" into a har"ene" concrete !e!ber, ccor"ing to the co"e anchor bolt failure
!ay occur "ue to brea5age 1hen it is sub)ecte" to high a!ount of tensile stress cause" by the
pull9out test hence, an i!portant part in the "esign of bolts focuses on concrete base3 This
research intro"uces five concrete base configurations to "eter!ine the effect of $ull9out in
these follo1ing situations3 The !ain variable in this stu"y 1as the !a2i!u! $ull9out force3
Concrete base sa!ples 1ere prepare" an" cure" for 28 "ays to ensure the "esire co!pressive
strength of 2+ M$a an" 28 M$a3 fter the pullout test 1as con"ucte", the test results 1ere
analyDe" using =-. to "eter!ine their significant "ifference3 s a result, the researcher
1as able to co!e up 1ith re"uction factors correspon"ing to each configuration3 It 1as
further observe" fro! actual observation that the brea5age failure for!e" in ;@ "egrees angle
of brea5age3
.e(#ords6 Cast9in nchor Bolt, $ull9out Test, Concrete base, Co!pressive strength an"
$ull9out strength3
Introduction
nchor bolts has been 1i"ely use" for safety9relate" applications for the past +0 years,
ItEs application involves structural connections, earth'ua5e bracing, guar" rails, !echanical
an" electrical e'uip!ent support, piping an" "uct1or5 support an" bracing, cla""ing an"
faFa"e connections, or rebar "o1eling3 Co!!only, anchors together 1ith base plates 1ere
the last ones being consi"ere" in the "esignG ho1ever, there 1ere con"itions that structural
engineers have encountere" in the practice 1here in the "esign of anchorage un"er high
tensile stress re'uires "eep e!be"!ent 1hich results to situations 1herein concrete 1ith
e"ge configuration is intro"uce" to the bolts, this situation is not "irectly specifie" in the CI
co"e an" other co!!ercially available specifications3
ccor"ing to the up"ate" CI ;+8920++ the anchorage fail "ue to brea5age 1hen
sub)ecte" to high a!ount of tensile stress 1hich can also be "eter!ine" using the pull9out
perfor!ance test of the anchors 1hich pro"uces a rectangular9shape" failure, such failure
1ill "ecrease the instability of the structure !a5ing it unsafe an" coul" pose a haDar" to life
an" affect the econo!y3 t present ti!e, there are no1 several !etho"s "evelope" to counter
the brea5age of concrete3 0ence, an i!portant aspect in the "esign is focusing on the base
!aterial, usually !a"e up of concrete or so!eti!es soil, har" roc5s an" "ebris, it is
i!portant for the structural engineer, 1ho is in charge of the calculation an" the "esign to
consi"er these 1hen perfor!ing the "esign of anchorage3 -n the other han", the shape of the
base !aterial 1ith e"ge configuration 1as not consi"ere" by CI ;+8920++ an" CI ;,C3
lso, the co"e "oes not clearly specify the approach in "ealing 1ith concrete base 1here the
e!be"!ent is greater an" lo1er than the pe"estal 1herein the e!be"!ent "epth is
influence" by high tensile force3 nchor bolts has been 1i"ely use" for safety9relate"
applications for the past +0 years, ItEs application involves structural connections, earth'ua5e
bracing, guar" rails, !echanical an" electrical e'uip!ent support, piping an" "uct1or5
support an" bracing, cla""ing an" faFa"e connections, or rebar "o1eling3 Co!!only,
anchors together 1ith base plates 1ere the last ones being consi"ere" in the "esignG ho1ever,
there 1ere con"itions that structural engineers have encountere" in the practice 1here in the
"esign of anchorage un"er high tensile stress re'uires "eep e!be"!ent 1hich results to
situations 1herein concrete 1ith e"ge configuration is intro"uce" to the bolts, this situation is
not "irectly specifie" in the CI co"e an" other co!!ercially available specifications3
This research 1as con"ucte" pri!arily to investigate the possible effect of "ifferent
configuration of concrete base 1ith anchor bolt to the tensile brea5age strength of anchor
bolt3 %urther!ore, this stu"y is to "eter!ine the influence of e!be"!ent "epth of s'uare9
hea" anchor bolt on concrete failure because "ue to previous stu"ies there is an effect to
"ifferent concrete base configurations on the pull out strength of anchor bolts consi"ering
t1o "ifferent concrete strength3 Thus, this e2peri!ental setup shoul" verify that the angle of
brea5age of ;@H 1ill still e2ist on each type of base configurations an" also chec5 the
governing e"ge factor 8
H
ef
: that 1ill affect the area of brea5age after pull out test3 It is
also possible that re"uction on the strength of the anchor is present because of the area
re"uce"3
The significance of this stu"y is to provi"e infor!ation on the effect of concrete base
1ith anchor bolt having "ifferent configuration an" "eter!ine its effect to the tensile
brea5age strength of anchor bolts3 This stu"y 1ill vali"ate the ;@H angle of the brea5age
failure, current for!ula for e"ge "istance 8+3@
H
ef
: an" !o"ification factor 8I: is
applicable3 The effect of "ifferent concrete strength on concrete base 1ith "ifferent
configuration 1ill be "eter!ine"3 The stu"y provi"es infor!ation that 1ill be useful for
structural "esigners3 0ence, this stu"y 1ill provi"e useful infor!ation that can be a"apte" by
=ational Structural Co"e of the $hilippines3 n" also, to con"uct a stu"y 1hich 1ill be
useful for the future researcher here in the $hilippines3
This stu"y is be li!ite" on the tensile brea5age perfor!ance of anchor bolt installe" on
concrete base 1ith "ifferent configuration3 There are five "ifferent configuration of concrete
base that 1ill be use" in this stu"y3 The stu"y is li!ite" on t1o "ifferent concrete strengths
;000 an" ,000 psi3 This stu"y 1ill use the locally available !aterials here in the $hilippines3
There are three speci!ens per concrete base configuration in this research3 Speci!ens 1ill be
"e!oul"e" after 2, hours, cure" for B "ays an" teste" after 28 "ays3 The preparation of
speci!ens for this research 1ill be in accor"ance to !erican Stan"ar"s for Testing
Materials 8STM:3
The stu"y is li!ite" on the pull9out perfor!ance of anchor bolt installe" to concrete
base 1ith "ifferent configuration using the universal testing !achine 8?TM:3 Consi"ering
only tension shall be applie" to anchor bolts installe" into a concrete having a co!pressive
strength of ;000 an" ,000 psi, the e!be"!ent length co!pute" in this stu"y 1ill be +20!!,
to ensure that the concrete 1ill fail "ue to brea5age the tensile force for the pull9out
perfor!ance of anchor bolts is increase"3 The researcher ai!s to use stan"ar" cast9in9place
s'uare9hea"e" anchor bolts for the e2peri!ent to ensure that no specialiDe" property of
co!!ercially available anchors affects the result of the stu"y 1hich 1ill be "eter!ine" using
=-. for statistical !etho"3 Consi"ering having ; sets of speci!en per "esign strength,
the researchers opte" out to stu"y the anchor group an" reinforce" concrete in this stu"y to
focus pri!arily on the brea5age behavior of concrete itself3 The researcher "oes not inclu"e
reinforce!ent an" anchor groups to focus on the behavior of single anchor3
Conce6tual 3ra%e#ork
Cast9in anchor bolt installe" in a plain base !a"e up of concrete 1ere previously
stu"ie" an" supplie" 1ith co"e provisions as gui"e to the "esigners3 Therefore, base" fro!
the co!!only use" concrete base configuration another set of base configuration shall be
analyDe" 1ith reference to the configuration that is fre'uently use" in the practice3 The
conceptual fra!e1or5 of the stu"y use" in this stu"y is sho1n in %igure ;3+3
The setup use" in this research is co!pose" of the follo1ing6 $ortlan" ce!ent, ;4,
coarse aggregate, fine aggregates an" ;2@ Bolts, in accor"ance 1ith STM C;C 4 C;CM
concrete cylin"er 1as prepare" to test the co!pressive strength of the speci!en3 Mean1hile,
1ith the use of the phenolic boar" as for!1or5s, three 8;: sa!ples 1ere create" for each
configuration of the base, configuration + 1as constructe" 1ith a plain base "i!ensions of
,00!! 2 ,00!! 2 200!!, 1ith configuration + as the reference, in configuration 2 the area
of +00!! 2 ,00!! 2 20!! fro! one si"e 1as re!ove", on the configuration ; the sa!e
a!ount of area re!ove" fro! configuration 2 1as also "one in the other si"e3 -n the fourth
configuration the area fro! the center of the base having "i!ensions of 200!! 2 200!!
1ill be retaine" 1hile the re!aining area aroun" it 1ill be of 20!! "ifference in elevation3
The fifth configuration have sa!e a!ount of area in the configuration , but it 1ill be offset
to the si"e3 The "etails of these configurations are sho1n in figure ;323
;2@ Bolt 1as use" in this research see ppen"i2 , it is cast9in at the center of
configurations +, 2, ; an" ,, 1hile in configuration @ it is cast in at the center of the area
retaine", after 2,hours the for!1or5s 1ere strippe" fro! the sa!ple, thus the speci!ens 1as
cure" for 28

"ays, "uring the curing stage of the sa!ples, polyethylene sheets 1ere use" to
cover the speci!en to prevent the !oisture to evaporate fro! the sa!ples3 fter the sa!ples
have been cure", it 1ill be sub)ecte" to pull9out test3 But first, concrete cylin"ers shall be
teste" for co!pression test, once the cylin"er sa!ples pro"uces strengths a!ounting to ;000
psi an" ,000 psi respectively, the pull9out test shoul" be starte" to "eter!ine the follo1ing
ob)ectives6
I. To "eter!ine the effect of "ifferent concrete base configurations on the pull
out strength of anchor bolts consi"ering t1o "ifferent concrete strength3
II. To "eter!ine 1hether the angle of brea5age of ;@H "egrees 1ill still e2ist on
each type of base configuration3
III. To "eter!ine the governing e"ge factor 8
H
ef
: that 1ill affect the area of
brea5age after pull out test3
IV. To "eter!ine the "egree of re"uction on each base configurations3
fter the testing in the laboratory, the "ata obtaine" fro! the cylin"er 1herein the
results 1ill be verifie" through statistics to 5no1 if it 1ithin the acceptable range through the
coefficient of variance, once it 1as proven through statistics that the cylin"er sa!ples are
si!ilar for that strength3 >e can no1 procee" to nalysis of variance an" "eter!ine the
"ifference bet1een the pull9out forces obtaine" for each of the configurations3 The null
hypothesis of this stu"y 1as re)ecte" an" the "ecision is that the values bet1een the "ifferent
base configurations are not e'ual therefore through the use of the !eans of each
configuration for ;000 psi an" ,000 psi "ivi"e" fro! the +
st
configuration it 1ill result to
have a set of factors to be use" to re"uce the a!ount of force for a given base concrete3
Conce6tual 3ra%e#ork
APO CEMENT
Reduction
factors
3igure 9.7 Conceptual %ra!e1or5 of the stu"y
PROCESS
(Ho) Null
Hypothesis is
Accepted
There is a
correlation
beteen !eans
O"TP"T
#NP"T
Concrete Base configuration
There 1ill be five concrete base configurations in this stu"y, at first the base
consi"ere" is a flat base concrete that 1as also sho1n in the other stu"y, this serves as the
reference speci!en that the other configuration 1ill be co!pare" to3
3igure 9.8 Base Configuration
The secon" base configuration involves an uneven surface on one si"e, also state" in
figure ;32, the e!be"!ent of anchor is +20 !! for all configurations3 >ith the pe"estal is
20!!, the ;@ "egree angle of failure pro)ecte" 1ill be e2cee"ing the e"ge of the pe"estal3
The thir" base configuration a""itional pe"estal is a""e" to evaluate the failure of brea5age
consi"ering t1o si"es, for the fourth configuration four si"es 1ill be ta5en into consi"eration
for the test using pull out, the fifth configuration is si!ilar to actual footing "esigns in the
practice, in 1hich the bolt is not at the center of the s'uare pe"estal that is locate" in one
e"ge of the base3 The concrete bases 1ill all be ,00!! by ,00!! , the base is "esigne" to
be thic5 to ensure that the 1eight of the concrete 1ill hol" the speci!en "uring the pull9out
test using the ?TM3
3igure 9.9 top vie1s of concrete base speci!ens
The concrete bases 1ill all be ,00!! by ,00 an" the thic5ness fro! the botto! of
anchor hea" to the lo1er e"ge is 80!!, the base is "esigne" to be thic5 to ensure that the
1eight of the concrete 1ill hol" the speci!en "uring the pull9out test using the ?TM3 The
sha"e" area in figure ;3; in"icates the 20!! height "ifference fro! the top of the speci!en3

3igure 9.: pplication of anchor bolts in "ifferent base
%igure ;3, sho1s representative i!ages fro! the actual use of anchor bolts cast in
"ifferent bases, the basis of having "ifferent configurations 1as "ue to further stu"y !ore of
the setting that 1as co!!only applie" in the "esign 1hich 1ere not governe" by co"e
provisions3
II. Pull-out device
The pull9out "evice use" in the previous stu"y entitle" SInfluence of Crushe" Coarse
ggregate SiDe on E2pansion nchorEs $ullout $erfor!ance, Estores 20+0 1as use" to pull9
out the bolts3 s sho1n in figure ;3@, this "evice 1ill be cla!pe" on the top of the ?TM, the
speci!enEs anchor 1as place" in the pullout "evice an" it 1ill be hanging through the course
of the test, "ue to the lo1ering of the ?TMEs lo1er crosshea" the speci!en 1ill resist the
steel fra!e that 1as place" on top of the hange" speci!en causing pull out of the anchor bolt
to happen3
3igure 9.; $ullout "evice
III. Steel 3ra%e Su66ort
steel fra!e support 1ith "i!ensions @0!! 2 @0!! 2 A!! angle bar 1as
fabricate" 1ith at least ,
h
ef
3 This steel reaction fra!e helps to support the
?TM to pull out the anchor fro! the base3 In figure ;3A the fra!e set up is sho1n,
3igure 9.< Steel %ra!e Support
IV. Steel Braces
To !ini!iDe the chance of the concrete base to split steel braces 1ere installe", the
location of the steel brace is place" 20!! fro! top an" 20!! fro! the botto! of the base,
as sho1n in figure ;3B
3igure 9.> Steel Brace Support
*eneral 0&!ectives
This research 1as con"ucte" pri!arily to investigate the possible effect of "ifferent
configuration of concrete base 1ith anchor bolt to the tensile brea5age strength of anchor
bolt3 %urther!ore, this stu"y is to "eter!ine the influence of e!be"!ent "epth of s'uare9
hea" anchor bolt on concrete failure3 The follo1ing are the specific ob)ectives for this stu"y6
V. To "eter!ine the effect of "ifferent concrete base configurations on the pull
out strength of anchor bolts consi"ering t1o "ifferent concrete strength3
VI. To "eter!ine 1hether the angle of brea5age of ;@H 1ill still e2ist on each type
of base configuration3
VII. To "eter!ine the governing e"ge factor 8
H
ef
: that 1ill affect the area of
brea5age after pull out test3
VIII. To "eter!ine the "egree of re"uction on each base configurations3
Significance of the Stud(
The significance of this stu"y is to provi"e infor!ation on the effect of concrete base
1ith anchor bolt having "ifferent configuration an" "eter!ine its effect to the tensile
brea5age strength of anchor bolts3 This stu"y 1ill vali"ate the ;@H angle of the brea5age
failure, current for!ula for e"ge "istance 8+3@h
ef
: an" !o"ification factor 8I: is applicable3
The effect of "ifferent concrete strength on concrete base 1ith "ifferent configuration 1ill be
"eter!ine"3 The stu"y 1ill provi"e infor!ation that 1ill be useful for structural "esigners3
0ence, this stu"y 1ill provi"e useful infor!ation that can be a"apte" by =ational Structural
Co"e of the $hilippines3 n" also, to con"uct a stu"y 1hich 1ill be useful for the future
researcher here in the $hilippines3
Sco6e and -i%itations
This stu"y 1ill be li!ite" on the tensile brea5age perfor!ance of anchor bolt installe"
on concrete base 1ith "ifferent configuration3 There 1ill be five "ifferent configuration of
concrete base that 1ill be use" in this stu"y3 The stu"y is li!ite" on t1o "ifferent concrete
strengths ;000 an" ,000 psi3 This stu"y 1ill use the locally available !aterials here in the
$hilippines3 There 1ill be three speci!ens per concrete base configuration in this research3
Speci!ens 1ill be "e!oul"e" after 2, hours, cure" for B "ays an" teste" after 28 "ays3 The
preparation of speci!ens for this research 1ill be in accor"ance to !erican Stan"ar"s for
Testing Materials 8STM:3
)esearch Design
This stu"y is an applie"9"escriptive9e2peri!ental9'uantitative9'ualitative research3 This
research 1ill focus on the co!parison of pull9out perfor!ance of anchor bolt installe" on
"ifferent concrete base configuration using t1o "ifferent concrete strengths3 The 'uantity of
the "ata gathere" 1ill be use" to vali"ate the results of this research3
)es6ondents of the Stud(
Data *athering Materials
I. Aggregates
The t1o "ifferent concrete !i2es 1ill be !anually "one using one bagger !i2er3
Concrete properties 1ill be follo1ing the !erican Stan"ar" for Testing Material 8STM:3
The fine an" coarse aggregates use" 1ere 1hite san" an" ;4,T coarse aggregates3 The
aggregates use" in this research shall be base" on the re'uire!ents of Stan"ar" Specification
for Concrete ggregates 8STM C;;: an" Stan"ar" Test Metho" for Sieve nalysis of %ine
an" Coarse ggregates 8STM C+;A:3 %ine aggregate consisting of !anufacture" san" is
use" to achieve better 'uality speci!en3 The sieve analysis for fine aggregates is sho1n in
figure ;3B3 Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushe" gravel, crushe" stone thereof,
confor!ing to the re'uire!ents of this specification3 The gra"ing re'uire!ents for coarse
aggregate3 The absorption capacity an" specific gravity of the aggregates 1ere 5no1n using
STM C+2B an" STM C +28 in"ivi"ually, proce"ures of these stan"ar"s 1ere sho1n at
ppen"ices9 The unit 1eight of coarse aggregate 1as obtaine" by !eans of STM C 2C3 ll
aggregates use" in this stu"y 1ere free fro! organic i!purities li5e "eleterious substances3
The physical property obtaine" fro! these test are sho1n in Table ;3+3 /aboratory "ata for
%ine aggregate an" Coarse aggregate sho1n in ppen"i2 B an" C respectively3
Ta&le 9.7 $hysical properties of aggregates
ggregate
Type
Ma2i!u!
SiDe
Specific gravity
bsorptio
n U
%ineness
Mo"ulus
?nit >eight,
<g4!
;
8!!:
(ry SS( pparent
/ &
C +C30 23C8 ;300 ;30, 03B0 n3a3 +,22 +@;,
% 23;A 23;2 23;, 23;A 0380 23,0 +;C+ +,AA
C V coarse aggregates, %Vfine aggregates, SS( V saturate" surface "ry, / V loose, & V
ro""e"
II. Ce%ent
The ce!ent use" in this stu"y is the co!!ercially available /afarge or"inary $ortlan"
ce!ent type +, 1hich is also in co!pliance 1ith STM C+@0902 an" $=S 0B 1as use" for
preparation of concrete !i2ture3 In STM +@0902, the ce!ent shoul" have no a""itional
a"!i2ture ac'uiesce" 1ith the che!ical an" stan"ar" physical re'uire!ents as prescribe in
Ta&le 9.8Che!ical re'uire!ent of ce!ent type I
Stan"ar" Co!position &e'uire!ents
Magnesiu! o2i"e 8Mg-:, !a2, U A300
Sulfur trio2i"e 8S-;:, !a2, U
>hen 8C;: is 8 U or less ;300
>hen 8C;: is !ore than 8 U ;3@0
/oss on ignition, !a2, U ;300
Insoluble resi"ue, !a2, U 03B@
III. Anchor Bolt
0eavy 0e2 Structural Bolts, STM ;2@, Type +, STM @A; #ra"e (0 0eavy
0e2 =ut, 0ot (ip #alvaniDe" is use" in this e2peri!ent3 hea"e" bolt co!plete 1ith nut
an" 1asher 1hich is suitable for cast9in9place is Sho1n %igure ;3B3 The specification of the
STM ;2@ is sho1n in ppen"i23
3igure 9.> STM ;2@ bolt co!plete 1ith nut an" 1asher asse!ble" STM an" ;2@ bolt
Specifications
@+
;2@ bolts are inten"e" for use in structural connections STM ;2@, 1hich fits the
e2peri!ents re'uire!ent to obtain brea5age failure, The hea" of the ;2@ bolt hol"s the
concrete an" after con"ucting pull9out test the failure of brea5age 1ill be analyDe" 1hether
its failure shall be "ifferent base" fro! "ifferent shapes of base3
@2
I. Data *athering Instru%ents and ECui6%ents
A. 5niversal testing %achine
The e'uip!ent use" for the fle2ural strength of concrete in this research is the universal
testing !achine 8?TM: available at Mapua Institute of Technology V Intra!uros 8figure ;38:3
This ?TM is a hy"raulic type an" it is !anufacture" by Shi!a"Du Corp3 This e'uip!ent can
con"uct several of testing such as tensile test, co!pressive test, ben"ing test an" other si!ilar
testing3 The ?TM is connecte" to a gauge an" co!puter for "ata recor"ing, as sho1n in
figure ;3C3
3igure 9.? ?niversal Testing Machine
@;
3igure 9.@ ?TM gauge an" co!puter
II. Data *athering Procedure
A. Pre6aration on concrete %i2
In accor"ance to STM C+C2 the preparation of concrete !i2 is 1ith !andard
Prac!ice for #a$ing and C%ring Concre!e &es! pecimens in !he 'abora!or()3 The "esign
!i2es in this research are sho1n in Table ;3;3 There are five "ifferent concrete base
configuration prepare" as sho1n in Table ;3,3 Co!putation can be seen in ppen"i2 ( K E
for ;000 an" ,000 psi respectively3
Ta&le 9.9 (esign Mi2 for ;000 an" ,000 psi
Weight per yd3
1 5.45 ft3 5.45 ft3
2 2.54 ft3 3.03 ft3
3 10.54 ft3 9.9 ft3
4 0.54 ft3 0.54 ft3
5 19.07 ft3 18.92 ft3
Fine aggregate (27 ft3 !"# B3C; ft3 18.92 ft3
$trength
(p%i#
Ce&ent $and Aggregate Water
Water
('it# ( )ag
*f
+e&ent
Water
('it# ( yd3
3000 1 3 4 2 27 154
4000 1 2 3 2 23 154
V*',&e *f entrapped -ater
!*ta' %*'id "*' e.+ept fine aggregate (!"#
4000p%i 3000p%i
Water
Ce&ent
C*ar%e aggregate
@,
T1o "ifferent concrete !i2tures 1ere prepare" using a + bagger concrete !i2er an"
Ce!ent, aggregates, an" san" 1ith one thir" of !i2ing 1ater for 2 !inutes follo1e" by the
a""ition of the re!aining !i2ing 1ater3 Slu!p 1as "ocu!ente" prior to !ol"ing of concrete
cylin"er sa!ples3 The slu!p of B@!! to +00!! 1as the re'uire!ent in this stu"y3 The
freshly !i2e" concrete 1as teste" for slu!p an" 1as re9!i2e" in the !i2er to attain the
ho!ogeneity before casting the speci!ens for "eter!ination of har"ene" concrete properties3
Ta&le 9.: =u!ber of Speci!ens for each base configuration
@@
Concrete !i2es 1ere prepare" at open area in $asig City3 Concrete !i2es 1ere !i2e"
using one bagger !i2er an" it 1ill be locate" near the for!s for easy concrete pouring3 prior
to pouring of concrete to speci!en !ol"s, slu!p test 1ill be con"ucte" using 8STM C+,;:3
The freshly !i2e" concrete 1as teste" for slu!p an" 1as re9!i2e" in the !i2er to
attain the ho!ogeneity before casting the speci!ens for "eter!ination of har"ene" concrete
properties3
B. Concrete &ase s6eci%en si+e

The Base speci!ens in this stu"y co!prises of @ configurations as sho1n in Table
;3@3 The first configuration 1ill be the reference speci!en confor!ing to the proce"ure of
CI ;+8 an" ;,C ppen"i2 (, 1hile the other four base configurations 82,;,, an" @: are
e2peri!entally "one base" fro! the actual situation that 1as "one in the practice3
Ta&le 9.; (i!ensions of concrete base speci!ens
@A
4
0
0
.0
0
400.00
4
0
0
.0
0
400.00 400.00 400.00
100.00 300.00 100.00 100.06 200.00 200.00 200.00
1
0
0
.0
0
2
0
0
.0
0
1
0
0
.0
0
1
0
0
.0
0
2
0
0
.0
0
1
0
0
.0
0
100.00 100.06 200.00
400.00
4
0
0
.0
0
3igure 9.7A sho1s the actual speci!en after concrete pouring
C. Curing of s6eci%ens
@B
3igure 9.77 Curing an" Installation of $olyethylene sheets3
To prevent evaporation of 1ater fro! unhar"ene" concrete, cover the speci!ens
i!!e"iately after finishing, preferably 1ith a non9absorptive, non9reactive plate or a sheet of
tough, "urable i!pervious plastic3 Speci!ens shall be store" i!!e"iately after finishing until
the re!oval of the !ol"s to prevent loss of !oisture fro! the speci!ens3 &e!ove the
speci!ens fro! the !ol"s 2, hours after casting3 The speci!ens 1ill be cure" using
polyethylene sheet for B "ays3 ll speci!ens 1ill be teste" after 28 "ays3
@8
D. Trans6ortation of s6eci%ens to and 5TM location

@C
3igure 9.78 ctual pictures "uring the transportation of sa!ples
The location of the laboratory is at $asig City 1hile the location of the ?niversal testing
!achine is at Mapua Institute of Technology9Intra!uros3 The speci!en is lifte" by boo!
installe" in the "elivery truc5 to !a5e sure that the speci!ens 1ill prevent "a!age fro!
)arring an" also an allotte" location in the school pre!ises 1as reserve" for the safety of the
speci!ens 1hich is also covere" 1ith thic5 blue sheets to avoi" "isturbance fro! stu"ents
passing through the area3
E. Pull-out test
ll speci!ens 1ill be sub)ecte" at $ull9out test using the ?niversal Testing Machine
at Mapua Institute of Technology9Intra!uros3 The !etho" fro! Influence of crushe" coarse
aggregate siDe on e2pansion anchorEs pull9out perfor!ance, #3Estores 20+0 1ill be a"apte"
in this research3 si!ilar setup 1as use" in this stu"y is sho1n in figures ;3+; an" ;3+, 1ith
the inclusion of t1o si"e braces to resist splitting an" a higher capacity pullout resisting
fra!es3
A0
3igure 9.79 Setup of the e2peri!ent3
A+
3igure 9.7: Setup of the e2peri!ent using the pull9out "evice setup "one in the stu"y
Influence of Crushe" Coarse ggregate SiDe on E2pansion nchorEs $ullout $erfor!ance,
#3Estores 20+0
F. Ph(sical E2a%ination of the concrete s6eci%ens
A2
Measure!ent of the ngle of
Brea5age
Co!bination of Brea5age an"
Splitting %ailure
Splitting of concrete sa!ples
Brea5age %ailure locate" near
the nut
Brea5age %ailure 1ith splitting %or Concrete Cylin"er having
cone %ailure
3igure 9.7; ctual con"itions of the speci!ens after testing
fter the concrete speci!ens sub)ecte" to pull9out test, physical e2a!ination 1ill be
con"ucte" interpret its behavior3 Si!ilar to surveying principle in getting the sight "istance a
steel ro" 1ith !ar5ing per 20!! 1as use" to "eter!ine the points use" to verify the angle
an" area of brea5age failure, an" also the governing e"ge "istance3 ?sing the e'uation +3+
8tensile strength for!ula: an" the "ata obtaine", !o"ification factor 1ill be "eter!ine3
A;
3igure 9.7< $ro)ection of ngle of Brea5age through plotting an" the actual pictures "uring
testing3
fter the pull9out test the pro)ection of the crac5s in the concrete base 1ere !easure"
using !ar5e" ro" or stic5 an" string3 The angle of brea5age 1as "eter!ine" base" on the
elevation "ata obtaine" per 20!! "istance along L K J 2es3 The angle 1as observe" to be
less than ;@H 1ith reference to L9a2is3 The observation 1as sho1n in figure W, an" sho1s that
the base configurations an" co!pressive strength "oes not have an effect to the angle of
brea5age3 The left colu!n in the figure sho1s the brea5age area of failure cause" by pull9out
of the anchor3 This 1as carefully !easure" after testing by !eans of getting the elevation
fro! points 1hich the approach of leveling in surveying, "efine" as "eter!ination of the
elevation points at 5no1n "istances along a line3 8Merrit +CCC:, the "ata obtaine" 1as plotte"
to verify the brea5age angle starting fro! the anchor bolt hea" as the reference point3
-bserve" con"ition after testing sho1s that the angle of brea5age e'ual to ;@H as state" in the
A,
CI co"e 1as not e2cee"e" by the pro)ecte" angle of failure in the actual test, an" so the
base" on observation the angle of brea5age is not affecte" by the shape of the concrete base
fro! the five "ifferent configurations that 1as intro"uce" in this e2peri!ent3 3 See ppen"i2
% an" # for the actual !easure!ent of the angle of brea5age for ;000 an" ,000 psi
respectively3
G. Evaluation of gathered data and results
fter the "ifferent configuration of concrete base ha" been sub)ecte" to series of test,
gathere" "ata an" results is no1 rea"y to evaluate3 (ata gathere" fro! the five "ifferent
configurations of concrete bases 1ill be co!pare" 1ith each other3 (ata fro! three "ifferent
concrete strengths 1as evaluate" per concrete base configuration3 The average of the "ata
gathere" per configuration an" strength 1ill be use" in the analysis of this research3
Statistical Treat%ent
In this research, nalysis of .ariance 8=-.: 1as use" for statistical analysis3 The
!ean an" variances of the forces fro! "ifferent speci!en population 1ill be consi"ere" in
this stu"y 1ith the null hypothesis set as all the !eans obtaine" fro! each group are e'ual3
The calculation for statistical analysis is sho1n in ppen"i2 0 an" I for ;000 an" ,000psi
respectively3
A@
t first, the "ata fro! ;000 psi sa!ples 1ere group into five configurations, the !ean
8X: of each group are co!pute", the applie" the for!ula of Su! of s'uares 1ithin groups or
SS>, The for!ula for Su! of S'uares >ithin #roup is sho1n in E'uation ;3+
*=

( +
n
,)
2
E'38;3+:
Then, by co!bining all the "ata fro! each group an" co!pute" the overall !ean 8
,
&
: , the value of the Total Su! of S'uares 8SST: 1as co!pute" using the e'uation by
>alpole et3 al, 820++:
( +
n
,
&
)
& =

E'38;32:
The general for!ula of Total Su! of s'uares is & =-+*
?sing the general for!ula of the Total Su! of S'uares, the value of Su! of s'uares
bet1een groups can be ta5en by solving algebraically3 0ence, after ac'uiring the value of
SSB, SST an" SS> these values 1ill be use" to get the %9value 1hich sho1n in e'uationW3
, .=

of /%ares -e!0een1ro%p
Degreesof .reedom

&o!a2

of /%are
Degrees of freedom
E'38;3;:
To obtain the "egree of free"o! for the nu!erator si!ply subtract + fro! the total
nu!ber of groups3 lso for the "eno!inator "egree of free"o! it 1ill be calculate" as the
total nu!ber of speci!en !inus the total nu!ber of the groups3 -nce the %9value is
calculate" it 1ill be 1ritten in this for! %9value of 2,3+A+ "egrees of free"o! 8,,+0:3 Then
refer to table of Critical values of % for the 030@ significance level locate" in ppen"i23 The
values obtaine" fro! the table of Critical values using 8,,+0: 1ill be the $9value3 By
AA
principle Scheaffer 20++, %9value !ust be greater than the p9value in or"er to re)ect the null
hypothesis an" procee" to the alternative hypothesis3
)esults and Discussion
Ta&le 9.; Co!parison of "esign an" actual co!pressive strength for ;000 psi sa!ples
8as per STM C;C4C;CM 90+:
30001 373./3 20.888/3
30002 382.94 21.50787
30002 373.13 20.753/1
21.05004
0e&ar1%
1.842 3 9.52 *1
4 (5ean#
6($td. 7e"# 0.542
C*n+rete
5i.
5a. 8*ad C*&p. $tr
A+t,a'
0ange
A++epta)
'e 0ange
A+t,a' CV 2.572
A++epta)'e CV 2.8792
The concrete cylin"er speci!ens 1ith "i!ension of +@0!! 2 ;00!! 1ere teste" first
for their co!pressive strength, an" after1ar"s the pullout test of anchor bolt 1as con"ucte"3
The gathere" "ata of co!pressive strength of the cylin"er speci!en 1as also statistically
chec5e" if it 1ill be significant in the research3 The null hypothesis for this proble! is
specifie" as SThe !ean bon" strength of the "ifferent configurations are e'ualT further!ore,
to verify that all the concrete cylin"er speci!ens have reliable co!pressive strength, they
shoul" be in co!pliance 1ith the re'uire!ents specifie" by STM C;C4C;CM90+ 8200+:3
Table ;3@ sho1s the results of the co!pressive strength results for ;000 psi, the table "isplays
the results fro! three sa!ples 1ith a !ean value for force of 2+30@, thus absolute value of
the !ean that 1as subtracte" to the in"ivi"ual values of each speci!en then "ivi"e" by 203A8
Mpa or the actual value e'uivalent to ;000psi, it 1ill then results to give a value of +38,U
1hich 1as the actual range3 ccor"ing to STM C;C 4 C;C90+ the if there are ; or !ore
sa!ples consi"ere" in the stu"y the acceptable range 1ill be C3@U, therefore the value of the
AB
actual range is vali"3 n" also to "eter!ine the error bet1een values the stan"ar" "eviation
1as calculate" having a value 03@,2, !eaning that the !ean values are close to each other3
Then the stan"ar" "eviation 1ill be use" to get the actual coefficient of variation of 23@B,
co"e provisions also state" that the applicable values of C. is 238B consi"ering the speci!en
are e2pose" to fiel" con"itions3 %or the values of ,000 psi cylin"er sa!ples, sa!e proce"ures
1ere "one an" the values sho1n in figure 1ith )ust using the value of 2B3@8 Mpa or the
e'uivalent value of ,000 psi in getting the actual range3 The actual range value an" actual C.
are co!pute" as 23@BU an" 23;2U respectively these values are 1ithin the range an" 1as
accepte" in co!pliance 1ith the co"e3
Ta&le 9.< Co!parison of "esign an" actual co!pressive strength for ,000 psi sa!ples
8as per STM C;C4C;CM 90+:
40001 491.1/ 2/.94999
40002 493.84 27.44954
40002 471.98 2/.21197
2/.8705
C*n+rete
5i.
5a. 8*ad
4 (5ean#
6($td. 7e"#
C*&p. $tr
A+t,a'
0ange
A++epta)'e
0ange
0e&ar1%
2.572 3 9.52 *1
0./23
A+t,a' CV 2.322
A++epta)'e CV 2.8792
Base" fro! the t1o table ;3@ an" ;3A, all the speci!ens have !et all the re'uire!ents
for the co!pressive strength of ;000 psi an" ,000 psi consi"ere" in this research3
A8
Ta&le 9.> nalysis of .ariance 8p9value ta5en fro! 030@ table:
:*
C*,nt;n
$$W
$$B
$$!
7f (n,&erat*r#
7f (den*&inat*r#
F
p "a',e < 0.5
10.000
3.48
%in+e the data are %tati%ti+a''y different th,% the different
+*nfig,rati*n% -a% +*&pared t* the referen+e %a&p'e
50.895
4/8.251
51/.703
24.1/1
4.000
3000 p%i
!he &ean )*nd %trength *f the different +*nfig,rati*n are e=,a'
3 %pe+i&en . 5 gr*,p% > 15
4000 p%i
525./88
57/.583
25.822
de+i%i*n
Ana'y%i% *f Varian+e
50.895
It is i!plie" fro! Table ;3B that base" fro! the values obtaine" fro! the calculation
to get the % values of 2@3+A+ an" 2@3822 for the co!pressive strengths ;000psi an" ,000 psi
respectively gives a result that 1as larger than the p9value ;3,8 base" fro! the nu!erator
"egree of free"o! of , an" +0 for the "eno!inator, the p9value 1as ta5en fro! the table
1hich is less than 03@3 See appen"i23 Thus base" fro! the results of the one91ay analysis of
variance statistics re)ect the null hypothesis an" therefore the "ata fro! the @ configurations
are statistically "ifferent an" the co!parison fro! the reference sa!ple can be "one by
getting the ratio of the other four configurations fro! it3
AC
Ta&le 9.? ")uste" %actors results fro! the "ifference bet1een the ratio of each
configuration in reference to configuration +
s sho1 above fro! table ;38, the !ean values of each speci!en fro! each
configuration 1ere obtaine"3 Then the first group is set as the reference speci!en having
1herein it 1as patterne" to other research "one by others, the other four configurations are
the e2peri!ental speci!ens 1hich have been !o"ifie" pri!arily to "eter!ine the behavior of
the anchors pullout perfor!ance3 The !ean of the other four configurations 1as "ivi"e" to
the first configuration in or"er to "eter!ine the "ifference3 The values 1ere then use" to
generate sets of values to be consi"ere" as suggeste" re"uction factors consi"ering "ifference
B0
in base configurations3 s observe" base" fro! the results, the high strength concrete ha"
!ore stronger resistance in pullout as co!pare" to the nor!al strength concrete3
Conclusion
The actual values for the co!pressive strength of ;000 psi an" ,000 psi Y 28"ays
presente" no significant "ifference after verification fro! statistics test an" it is in the range
of variation in accor"ance 1ith the re'uire!ent of STM C;C4 C;C90+3 Therefore concrete
cylin"ers fro! the t1o co!pressive strengths are si!ilar an" unifor!3 0ence the research is
safe to procee" 1ith pull9out test3
B+
The forces obtaine" fro! pull9out 1as statistically analyDe" using -ne91ay nalysis
of .ariance, accor"ing to the results of the statistics there is enough evi"ence to re)ect the
null hypothesis an" accept the alternative hypothesis Sthe !ean bon" strength of the "ifferent
configurations are not e'ualT, therefore the force !ean of configuration + 1hich is the
reference speci!en 1as "ivi"e" by the !ean value of the forces fro! configurations 2,;,,
an" @ resulting for the value of "ifferences bet1een configurations3 The average co!pute"
"ifference values for each configuration of ;000 an" ,000 psi pro"uce" a separate value
1hich can be !ultiplie" to the forces obtaine" in each configuration to be able to get a
re"uction to the forces an" beco!e !ore conservative in "eter!ining the siDe of anchors to
be use"3 These factors !ay lea" for the suggeste" re"uction factors to influence other
researchers to inclu"e a ne1 co"e provision regar"ing anchor bolts an" concrete base
configurations3
There 1ere t1o =-. analysis for the t1o co!pressive strength speci!en, in ;000
psi sa!ples the $ull9out capacity of anchor bolts for configuration + 1as re"uce" by C3,+U,
+@3ABU, 2038@U an" 2+3B@U for configurations 2 to @ respectively, therefore the researcher
1as able to co!e up 1ith re"uction factors 1hich 1ill be !ultiplie" to the reference
configuration to a"opt the anchor bolts relate" to the five configurations3 The re"uction
factors for the ,000 psi sa!ples 1ere also obtaine" but 1ith another set of co!putation since
the =-. analysis 1as "one "ifferently to the speci!ens3 n" the values are B38,U,
+@30CU, 2,3;BU an" +C3A,U are for configurations 2 to @ respectively si!ilar to values of
;000 psi sa!ples3
B2
The values obtaine" fro! the series of E2peri!ental an" Statistical test provi"es a
single set of re"uction factors that can be applie" to the "esign of bolts that falls un"er the
five 8@: configurations3 This result is a necessary to broa"en the stu"y !ore about concrete
base configurations3
The forces obtaine" fro! pull9out 1as statistically analyDe" using -ne91ay nalysis
of .ariance, accor"ing to the results of the statistics there is enough evi"ence to re)ect the
null hypothesis an" accept the alternative hypothesis Sthe !ean bon" strength of the "ifferent
configurations are not e'ualT, therefore the force !ean of configuration + 1hich is the
reference speci!en 1as "ivi"e" by the !ean value of the forces fro! configurations 2,;,,
an" @ resulting for the value of "ifferences bet1een configurations3 The average co!pute"
"ifference values for each configuration of ;000 an" ,000 psi pro"uce" a single value 1hich
can be !ultiplie" to the forces obtaine" in each configuration to be able to get a re"uction to
the forces an" beco!e !ore conservative in "eter!ining the siDe of anchors to be use"3
These factors !ay lea" for the suggeste" re"uction factors to influence other researchers to
inclu"e a ne1 co"e provision regar"ing anchor bolts an" concrete base configurations3
Base" on the results obtain fro! the re"uction "ifference bet1een the configuration
as sho1 in table ;38 the suggeste" re"uction in"icates that there are increasing "i!inution in
percent as the area fro! the first configuration 1as re"uce" therefore, in configuration , an"
@ the force obtaine" sho1s 2+3AB@U an" +C3A,0U re"uction 1hich is consi"ere" very large
a!ount of re"uction, this research states that if the first con"ition 1as not applie" by the
"esigner there 1ill be a re"uction in the strength of anchor bolts ranging fro! CU to 20U
therefore configuration + shall be al1ays consi"ere" to be safe in the "esign3
B;
The "ata fro! Table ;38 for configuration @ un"er the colu!n of ,000 psi, there is an
error obtaine" 1hich 1as cause" by the ben"ing of the pull9out "evice causing varying
results for the forces obtaine"3 The probable cause of this is !aybe it is affecte" by the
yiel"ing of the pull9out "evice "ue to over use3
)eferences
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8+CCB:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for Bul5 (ensity
8S?nit 1eightT: an" .oi"s in ggregate, STM C 2C4C 2CM9CB, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" $ractice for Ma5ing an" Curing
Concrete Test Speci!ens in the %iel", STM C ;+4 C ;+M90+, $ennsylvania, ?S
B,
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Stan"ar" Specification Concrete ggregates,
STM C ;;902, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Specification for Co!pressive
Strength of Cylin"rical Concrete Speci!ens, STM C ;C4C ;C M90+, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82000:3 Stan"ar" Ter!inology &elating to Concrete
an" Concrete ggregates, STM C +2@900, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for (ensity, &elative
(ensity 8Specific #ravity:, an" bsorption of Coarse ggregate, STM C +2B90+,
$ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for (ensity, &elative
(ensity 8Specific #ravity:, an" bsorption of %ine ggregate, STM C +2890+, $ennsylvania,
?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for Sieve nalysis of
%ine an" Coarse ggregates, STM C +;A90+, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82000:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for Slu!p of
0y"raulic9Ce!ent Concrete, STM C +,;4C +,;M900, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Stan"ar" Specification for $ortlan" Ce!ent,
STM C +@0902, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete,
STM C +B+, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8+CCC:3 Stan"ar" Specification for Sa!pling %reshly
Mi2e" Concrete, STM C +B29CC, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Stan"ar" $ractice for Ma5ing an" Curing
Concrete Test Speci!ens in the /aboratory, STM C +C24C +C2 M902, $ennsylvania, ?S
CI Co!!ittee 22+ 82002:3 Stan"ar" practice for selecting proportions for nor!al, heavy1eight,
an" !ass concrete3 CI 2++3+9C+, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8+CCA:3 Strength of anchors in concrete an" Masonry
Ele!ent,STM E ,88, $ennsylvania, ?S
ssociation of Structural Engineers of the $hilippines 820+0:3 =ational Structural Co"e of the
$hilippines 20+0, Ath E"ition, ssociation of Structural Engineers of the $hilippines, Inc3,
ZueDon City, $hilippines3
Bureau of $ro"uct Stan"ar"s 8200@:3 $ortlan" Ce!ent Specification, $=S 0B6200@, $hilippines
B@
Cuntapay, E3 8200,:3 =ational Buil"ing Co"e of the $hilippines3
Stan"ar" 0an"boo5 for Civil Engineers 8Merrit et al +CCC:
>alpole, &3E3, &303 Myers, S3/3 Myers, an" <3 Je 820+2:3 $robability an" Statistics for
Engineers an" Scientists, Cth E"ition, $rentice 0all, ?S
>ohlfahrt 8+CCA: *ournal6 Behaviour of anchor channels 1ithout supple!entary reinforce!ent

Cha6ter :
C0/C-5SI0/
BA
The actual values for the co!pressive strength of ;000 psi an" ,000 psi Y 28"ays
presente" no significant "ifference after verification fro! statistics test an" it is in the range
of variation in accor"ance 1ith the re'uire!ent of STM C;C4 C;C90+3 Therefore concrete
cylin"ers fro! the t1o co!pressive strengths are si!ilar an" unifor!3 0ence the research is
safe to procee" 1ith pull9out test3
The forces obtaine" fro! pull9out 1as statistically analyDe" using -ne91ay nalysis
of .ariance, accor"ing to the results of the statistics there is enough evi"ence to re)ect the
null hypothesis an" accept the alternative hypothesis Sthe !ean bon" strength of the "ifferent
configurations are not e'ualT, therefore the force !ean of configuration + 1hich is the
reference speci!en 1as "ivi"e" by the !ean value of the forces fro! configurations 2,;,,
an" @ resulting for the value of "ifferences bet1een configurations3 The average co!pute"
"ifference values for each configuration of ;000 an" ,000 psi pro"uce" a separate value
1hich can be !ultiplie" to the forces obtaine" in each configuration to be able to get a
re"uction to the forces an" beco!e !ore conservative in "eter!ining the siDe of anchors to
be use"3 These factors !ay lea" for the suggeste" re"uction factors to influence other
researchers to inclu"e a ne1 co"e provision regar"ing anchor bolts an" concrete base
configurations3
There 1ere t1o =-. analysis for the t1o co!pressive strength speci!en, in ;000
psi sa!ples the $ull9out capacity of anchor bolts for configuration + 1as re"uce" by C3,+U,
+@3ABU, 2038@U an" 2+3B@U for configurations 2 to @ respectively, therefore the researcher
1as able to co!e up 1ith re"uction factors 1hich 1ill be !ultiplie" to the reference
configuration to a"opt the anchor bolts relate" to the five configurations3 The re"uction
factors for the ,000 psi sa!ples 1ere also obtaine" but 1ith another set of co!putation since
BB
the =-. analysis 1as "one "ifferently to the speci!ens3 n" the values are B38,U,
+@30CU, 2,3;BU an" +C3A,U are for configurations 2 to @ respectively si!ilar to values of
;000 psi sa!ples3
The values obtaine" fro! the series of E2peri!ental an" Statistical test provi"es a
single set of re"uction factors that can be applie" to the "esign of bolts that falls un"er the
five 8@: configurations3 This result is a necessary to broa"en the stu"y !ore about concrete
base configurations3
The forces obtaine" fro! pull9out 1as statistically analyDe" using -ne91ay nalysis
of .ariance, accor"ing to the results of the statistics there is enough evi"ence to re)ect the
null hypothesis an" accept the alternative hypothesis Sthe !ean bon" strength of the "ifferent
configurations are not e'ualT, therefore the force !ean of configuration + 1hich is the
reference speci!en 1as "ivi"e" by the !ean value of the forces fro! configurations 2,;,,
an" @ resulting for the value of "ifferences bet1een configurations3 The average co!pute"
"ifference values for each configuration of ;000 an" ,000 psi pro"uce" a single value 1hich
can be !ultiplie" to the forces obtaine" in each configuration to be able to get a re"uction to
the forces an" beco!e !ore conservative in "eter!ining the siDe of anchors to be use"3
These factors !ay lea" for the suggeste" re"uction factors to influence other researchers to
inclu"e a ne1 co"e provision regar"ing anchor bolts an" concrete base configurations3
Base" on the results obtain fro! the re"uction "ifference bet1een the configuration
as sho1 in table ;38 the suggeste" re"uction in"icates that there are increasing "i!inution in
percent as the area fro! the first configuration 1as re"uce" therefore, in configuration , an"
@ the force obtaine" sho1s 2+3AB@U an" +C3A,0U re"uction 1hich is consi"ere" very large
a!ount of re"uction, this research states that if the first con"ition 1as not applie" by the
B8
"esigner there 1ill be a re"uction in the strength of anchor bolts ranging fro! CU to 20U
therefore configuration + shall be al1ays consi"ere" to be safe in the "esign3
The "ata fro! Table ;38 for configuration @ un"er the colu!n of ,000 psi, there is an
error obtaine" 1hich 1as cause" by the ben"ing of the pull9out "evice, the forces obtaine"
!aybe afftecte" of the yiel"ing of the pull9out !aterial3
BC
Cha6ter ;
)EC0MME/DATI0/
Since there is a "ifference bet1een the values obtaine" fro! "ifferent configurations,
those factors can be use" to co!e up 1ith a conservative "esign approach in !a2i!iDing the
capacity of bolts strength for a given base con"ition3 Thus, the siDe of bolt 1ill be "irectly
affecte" since there 1ere notable "ifferences present in the other four configurations the use
of the !ost appropriate bolt siDe is i!portant specially in !ini!iDing the cost 1hile still
!aintaining the 'uality of the "esign3
This research can be aug!ente" pri!arily by provi"ing a rigi" support installe"
1ithin the concrete base to further analyDe the pull9out of the bolts, secon"arily is by using
reinforcing bar in the concrete base to resist the ben"ing effect "uring pull9out test cause" by
the steel resisting fra!e3 /astly, try using a concrete base 1ith a higher !o!ent of inertia for
the ben"ing effect shall be naturally oppose" by the shape of the concrete base3
It is encourage" that a""itional stu"y shoul" be con"ucte" regar"ing the utiliDation of
concrete base configurations in various applications as 1ell as inclusion on co"e provisions
8=SC$:3
The "ata obtaine" for the last sets of speci!ens, ,000psi configuration @ results to
scattere" values in the "ata, this is "ue to the yiel"ing of the pull9out "evice that 1as use" in
this e2peri!ent, the researcher suggest for further stu"ies to i!prove the pullout "evice to
obtaine" a !uch finer results3
80
)E3E)E/CES
CI Co!!ittee 22+ 82002:3 Stan"ar" practice for selecting proportions for nor!al, heavy1eight,
an" !ass concrete3 CI 2++3+9C+, ?S
CI Co!!ittee ;+8 820++:3 Buil"ing Co"e &e'uire!ents for Structural Concrete, ppen"i2 (
CI ;+8320++, ?S
CI Co!!ittee ;,C 8200A:Co"e &e'uire!ents for =uclear Safety9&elate" Concrete Structures ,
ppen"i2 ( CI ;,C3200A, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8+CCB:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for Bul5 (ensity
8S?nit 1eightT: an" .oi"s in ggregate, STM C 2C4C 2CM9CB, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" $ractice for Ma5ing an" Curing
Concrete Test Speci!ens in the %iel", STM C ;+4 C ;+M90+, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Stan"ar" Specification Concrete ggregates,
STM C ;;902, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Specification for Co!pressive
Strength of Cylin"rical Concrete Speci!ens, STM C ;C4C ;C M90+, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82000:3 Stan"ar" Ter!inology &elating to Concrete
an" Concrete ggregates, STM C +2@900, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for (ensity, &elative
(ensity 8Specific #ravity:, an" bsorption of Coarse ggregate, STM C +2B90+,
$ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for (ensity, &elative
(ensity 8Specific #ravity:, an" bsorption of %ine ggregate, STM C +2890+, $ennsylvania,
?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for Sieve nalysis of
%ine an" Coarse ggregates , STM C +;A, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82000:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for Slu!p of
0y"raulic9Ce!ent Concrete, STM C +,;4C +,;M900, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Stan"ar" Specification for $ortlan" Ce!ent,
STM C +@0902, $ennsylvania, ?S
8+
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8+CCC:3 Stan"ar" Specification for Sa!pling %reshly
Mi2e" Concrete, STM C +B29CC, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete,
STM C +B+, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 82002:3 Stan"ar" $ractice for Ma5ing an" Curing
Concrete Test Speci!ens in the /aboratory, STM C +C24C +C2 M902, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8+CCA:3 Strength of anchors in concrete an" Masonry
Ele!ent,STM E ,88, $ennsylvania, ?S

!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8+CCB:3 Stan"ar" Speci[cation for Structural Bolts,
Steel, 0eat Treate", +204+0@ 5si Mini!u! Tensile Strength
STM ;2@ 9 CB, $ennsylvania, ?S
!erican Society for Testing an" Materials 8200+:3 Stan"ar" Test Metho" for
Te!perature of %reshly Mi2e" $ortlan" Ce!ent Concrete
STM C+0A, 4 +0A,M90+, $ennsylvania, ?S
ssociation of Structural Engineers of the $hilippines 820+0:3 =ational Structural Co"e of the
$hilippines 20+0, Ath E"ition, ssociation of Structural Engineers of the $hilippines, Inc3,
ZueDon City, $hilippines3
Eligehausen, Mall\e an" Silva 8200A: nchorage in Concrete Construction, %irst e"ition
Eligehausen an" Sa1a"e 8+C8@: *ournal6 .erhalten von Beton auf ]ug, Behavior of Concrete in
Tension, #er!any
Estores 820+0: Influence of Crushe" Coarse ggregate SiDe on E2pansion nchorEs $ullout
$erfor!ance, Mapua Institute of Tecnhology $hilippines
Mae5a1a n" Zureshi 8+CCA:3 E!be""e" Bar Behavior In Concrete ?n"er Co!bine" 2ial
$ullout n" Transverse (isplace!ent
Bureau of $ro"uct Stan"ar"s 8200@:3 $ortlan" Ce!ent Specification, $=S 0B6200@, $hilippines
Cuntapay, E3 8200,:3 =ational Buil"ing Co"e of the $hilippines3
Stan"ar" 0an"boo5 for Civil Engineers 8Merrit et al +CCC:
Scheaffer, &3/3, M3S3 Mule5ar an" *3T3 McClave 820++:3 $robability an" Statistics for Engineers,
@th E"ition, Broo5s4Cole Cengage /earning, Cana"a
82
>alpole, &3E3, &303 Myers, S3/3 Myers, an" <3 Je 820+2:3 $robability an" Statistics for
Engineers an" Scientists, Cth E"ition, $rentice 0all, ?S
>i"ianto et al 82008:3 (esign of nchor &einforce!ent in Concrete $e"estals, CS to"ay .ol
III3 ?S
>ohlfahrt 8+CCA: *ournal6 Behaviour of anchor channels 1ithout supple!entary reinforce!ent
8;
APPE/DICES
8,
APPE/DID A
ASTM A98; Steel Bolts S6ecifications
8@
8A
APPE/DID B
3ine Aggregates -a&orator( Test )e6ort
8B
88
8C
APPE/DID C
Coarse Aggregate -a&orator( Test )e6ort
C0
C+
C2
APPE/DID D
Design Mi2 Pro6ortioning ACI 877-7 9AAA6si"
#iven $roperties6
Concrete co!pressive strength fc^ N ;000 psi
%ineness !o"ulus of aggregate f N 23,
?nit 1eight of coarse aggregate N ++0 lb4ft
;
Specific gravity of ce!ent 8,05g4bag: N ;3+@
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate N 23C8
(ata6
Table A3;3; N 2 ppro2 a!ount of entrappe" air
Table A3;3A N 03A2 8238 Mo"ulus K + +42 aggregate:
Table A3;3A
8+: Slu!p
82: ggregate siDe
s N
"a N
; _ ,
;4,
in
in
Table A3;3+
8;: ppro2 a!ount of !i2ing 1ater 1 N ;,0 lb Table A3;3;
8,: >ater9ce!ent ratio 14c N 03A8 ratio Table A3;3,a
8@: Ce!ent c N @00 lb4y"
;
8A: Coarse aggregate ca N +A3B, ft
;
Table A3;3A
ca N +8,+3, lb
>eight per y"
;
>ater
Ce!ent
Coarse aggregate
.olu!e of entrappe" 1ater
N
N
N
N
@3,@
ft
;
23@,
ft
;
C3C0
ft
;
03@,
ft
;
Total soli" vol e2cept fine aggregate 8Tv: N
+83,;
ft
;
%ine aggregate 82B ft
;
9 Tv: N
83@B
ft
;
Design Mi2 Pro6ortion
Ce!ent San" ggregate >ater >ater 8lit: 4 bag of ce!ent
>ater 8lit: 4 y"
;
+ ; , 2 2B +@,
TAB-E <.9.7 )eco%%ended slu%6s for various t(6es of construction
C;
TAB-E <.9.9 A 66ro2i%ate %i2ing #ater and air content reCuire%ents for different slu%6s and
no%inal %a2i%u% si+es of aggregate
C,
C@
TAB-E <.9.:a" )elationshi6 &et#een #ater-ce%ent or ce%entitious %aterials ratio and
co%6ressive strength of concrete
CA
TAB-E <.9.< Volu%e of coarse aggregate 6er unit of volu%e of concrete
CB
TAB-E <.9.>.7 3irst esti%ate of #eight of fresh concrete
C8
CC
APPE/DID E
Design Mi2 Pro6ortioning ACI 877-7 :AAA6si"
DESI*/ MID P)0P0)TI0/I/*
#iven $roperties6
Concrete co!pressive strength fc^ N ,000 psi
%ineness !o"ulus of aggregate f N 23,
?nit 1eight of coarse aggregate N ++0 lb4ft
;
Specific gravity of ce!ent 8,05g4bag: N ;3+@
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate N 23C8
(ata6
Table A3;3; N 2 ppro2 a!ount of entrappe" air
Table A3;3A N 03AA 8238 Mo"ulus K + +42 aggregate:
Table A3;3A
8+: Slu!p
82: ggregate siDe
s N
"a N
; _ ,
;4,
in
in
Table A3;3+
8;: ppro2 a!ount of !i2ing 1ater 1 N ;,0 lb Table A3;3;
8,: >ater9ce!ent ratio 14c N 03@B ratio Table A3;3,a
8@: Ce!ent c N @CA lb4y"
;
8A: Coarse aggregate ca N +B382 ft
;
Table A3;3A
ca N +CA032 lb
>eight per y"
;
>ater
Ce!ent
Coarse aggregate
.olu!e of entrappe" 1ater
N
N
N
N
@3,@
ft
;
;30;
ft
;
+03@,
ft
;
03@,
ft
;
Total soli" vol e2cept fine aggregate 8Tv: N
+C3@A
ft
;
%ine aggregate 82B ft
;
9 Tv: N
B3,,
ft
;
Design Mi2 Pro6ortion
+00
Ce!ent San" ggregate >ater >ater 8lit: 4 bag of ce!ent
>ater 8lit: 4 y"
;
+ 2 ; 2 2; +@,
TAB-E <.9.7 )eco%%ended slu%6s for various t(6es of construction
TAB-E <.9.9 A 66ro2i%ate %i2ing #ater and air content reCuire%ents for different slu%6s and
no%inal %a2i%u% si+es of aggregate
+0+
+02