10.

10 Introduction to Chemical Engineering

Solution to Homework #3

The following is a copy of the script file used to solve parts (a) and (b), solution3_1.m

% Greg Pollock
% 9/18/2002
% Homework #3 Solution

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Part (a)

% Specify parameters for the Shomate equation, approximating air as pure nitrogen.
% These are taken from the NIST Chemistry Webbook, http://webbook.nist.gov/chemisty/
A = 26.09200;
B = 8.218801;
C = -1.976141;
D = 0.159274;
E = 0.044434;

% Calculate heat capacity as a function of temperature from 50C to 200C
T = linspace(50,200);
t = (T + 273)./1000; % Convert to Kelvin and reduce to use Shomate equation
Cp = A + B*t + C*t.^2 + D*t.^3 + E./t.^2; % in J/mol*K
plot(T,Cp)
xlabel('Temperature, C')
ylabel('Heat Capacity, J/mol*K')
title('Heat Capacity of Air in a Hot Air Balloon heated from 50C to 200C')


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Part (b)
% Specify known properties of hot air
volume = 4000; % m^3
pressure = 101325; % atmospheric pressure in Pascals
temp_initial = 50 + 273; % K
temp_final = 200 + 273; % K
R = 8.314; % Pa*m^3/mol*K
mol_wt = 29; % Molecular weight of air, 29 g/mol

% Calculate the initial and final moles and mass using the ideal gas law
moles_initial = pressure*volume/R/temp_initial % Moles of air in balloon at 50C
mass_initial = moles_initial*mol_wt/1000 % Mass of air at 50C in kg
moles_final = pressure*volume/R/temp_final; % Moles of air in balloon at 50C
mass_final = moles_final*mol_wt/1000 % Mass of air at 200C in kg
mass_lost = mass_initial - mass_final

% Sample output:
%
%moles_initial =
%
% 1.5089e+005
%
%
%mass_initial =
%
% 4.3758e+003
%
%
%mass_final =
%
% 2.9881e+003
%
%
%mass_lost =
%
% 1.3877e+003

The missing mass is simply pushed out the base of the balloon, because the specific
volume of the air increases when heated. The mass of air that leaves the balloon is equal
to the mass the balloon can lift, in accordance with Archimedes' Principle. That is, the
weight of air (mass*g) lost by the balloon in heating from 50 C to 200 C equals the
buoyant force exerted on the balloon by the atmosphere.

In heating from 25 C (or whatever the outside air temperature is) up to 50 C, the air in
the balloon has lost enough mass to support the weight of *just the balloon*, since the
balloon is now taut. Then, as it is heated to 200 C, the air loses another 1390 kg, which
equals the mass it can now support (including the basket, the burner, passengers, and
sandbags).






% Greg Pollock
% 9/18/2002
% Homework #3 Solution

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Part (c)
% Method 1--Converting Cp(t) to Cp(T) and integrating
% Redefine constants for the Shomate Equation:
A = 26.09200;
B = 8.218801*10^-3;
C = -1.976141*10^-6;
D = 0.159274*10^-9;
E = 0.044434*10^6;

% Create a vector of temperature values
T = linspace(50,200); % Degrees C
TK = T + 273; % Degrees K

% Evaluate the enthalpy at 50 C (323 K)
H_50C = A*323 + B*323^2/2 + C*323^3/3 + D*323^4/4 - E/323;

% Evaluate the enthalpy as a function of temperature from 50C to 200C
delta_H = A*TK + B*TK.^2./2 + C*TK.^3./3 + D*TK.^4./4 - E./TK - H_50C;

plot(T,delta_H)
xlabel('Temperature, C')
ylabel('Enthalpy, J/mol')
title('Enthalpy Increase of Air in Hot Air Balloon above 50 C')





% Greg Pollock
% 9/18/2002
% Homework #3 Solution

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Part (c)
% Method 2--Integrating Cp(t) over the reduced temperature t
% Use constants for the Shomate Equation driectly from NIST:
A = 26.09200;
B = 8.218801;
C = -1.976141;
D = 0.159274;
E = 0.044434;

% Create a vector of temperature values
T = linspace(50,200); % Degrees C
t = (T + 273)./1000; % Reduced Temperature, K/1000

% Evaluate the enthalpy at 50 C (t = 0.323)
H_50C = 1000*(A*0.323 + B*0.323^2/2 + C*0.323^3/3 + D*0.323^4/4 - E/0.323);

% Evaluate the enthalpy as a function of temperature from 50C to 200C
delta_H = 1000*(A*t + B*t.^2./2 + C*t.^3./3 + D*t.^4./4 - E./t) - H_50C;

plot(t,delta_H)
xlabel('Reduced Temperature, K/1000')
ylabel('Enthalpy, J/mol')
title('Enthalpy Increase of Air in Hot Air Balloon above 50 C')