5.

Permutations under Some Conditions

Number of permutations of n different things, taken r at a time, when a particul
ar thing is to be always included in each arrangement is: rn-1Pr-1
Number of permutations of n different things, taken r at a time, when a particu
lar thing is never taken in each arrangement is: n-1Pr
Number of permutations of n different things, taken all at a time, when m speci
fied things always come together is: m!*(n-m+1)!
Number of permutations of n different things, taken all at a time, when m specif
ied never come together is: n![m!*(n-m+1)!]
The number of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time when k(< r)
particular things always occur is: [n-kPr-k]*[rPk]
The number of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time when k parti
cular things never occur is: n-kPr
The number of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time when repetit
ion of things is allowed any number of times is: nr
The number of permutations of n different things, taken not more than r at a tim
e, when each thing may occur any number of times is: n+n2+n3+....+nr=
n(nr-1)
n-1
The number of permutations of n different things taken not more than r at a time
:
nP1+nP2+nP3+...+nPr
We will now see examples involving permutations with some extra conditions.5. Pe
rmutations under Some Conditions
Number of permutations of n different things, taken r at a time, when a particul
ar thing is to be always included in each arrangement is: rn-1Pr-1
Number of permutations of n different things, taken r at a time, when a particu
lar thing is never taken in each arrangement is: n-1Pr
Number of permutations of n different things, taken all at a time, when m speci
fied things always come together is: m!*(n-m+1)!
Number of permutations of n different things, taken all at a time, when m specif
ied never come together is: n![m!*(n-m+1)!]
The number of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time when k(< r)
particular things always occur is: [n-kPr-k]*[rPk]
The number of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time when k parti
cular things never occur is: n-kPr
The number of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time when repetit
ion of things is allowed any number of times is: nr
The number of permutations of n different things, taken not more than r at a tim
e, when each thing may occur any number of times is: n+n2+n3+....+nr=
n(nr-1)
n-1
The number of permutations of n different things taken not more than r at a time
:
nP1+nP2+nP3+...+nPr
We will now see examples involving permutations with some extra conditions.