Van der Waals soal 9 a= 2.31E+06 Van der Waals contoh soal 3.

13
b= 44.9
315.1545424 R = 82.06
2817171087 V^3 P = 90
-3441459080 V^2 T = 373
7.28E+08 V^1 315.1545 cm3
-103719000 V^0 -1.8E-07
3.57628E-07
Redlich-Kwong (gas asetilene) 233.0245
R = 82.06 (cm
3
)(atm)/(gmol)(K) 30608.38 30608.38
P = 90 atm
T = 373 K
Pc = 61.6 atm
Tc = 309.5 K
a = 78808802.19
b= 35.74625518
V= 233.0245107 cm
3
= 0.233025 liter
4.88978E-05
Soal 6 Himmelblau Soal 7 Himmelblau
mol = 0.0022 lbmol n ethane= 2 gmol
V = 0.95 ft3 a = 1.35E-06 (m^6)(atm)(gmol^-2) =
P = 1 atm b = 3.22E-05 (m^3)(gmol^-1)
T = 32 F = 492 R P = 100 kPa =
equation pV = nRT *(1+bp) V = 0.0515 m^3 =
Tentukan volume pada R = 8.314 (m^3)(Kpa)/(kgmol)(K)
cari volume pada : Vmolar = 0.02575 m^3/gmol
P = 2 atm Hitung temperatur menggunakan Van Der Waals
T = 71 F = 531 R 309.9692 K 36.81924
R= 0.7302 (atm.ft^3)/(lbmol.R) 0
1. Menentukan b
0.20197101
0
2. Menentukan volume
0.598795058 ft3
0
1. You measure that 0.00220 lb mol of a certain gas occupies a volume of 0.95 ft^3
at 1 atm and 32 F. If the equation of state for this gas is pV = nRT(1+bp), where
b is a constant, find the volume at 2 atm and 71 F
2. Calculate the temperature of 2 g mol of a gas using Van der Walls equation with
a=1.35x10
-6
(m
6
)(atm)(gmol
-2
), b= 0.0322x10
-3
(m
3
)(gmol
-1
)
if the pressure is 100 kPa and the volume is 0.0515 m
3
3. Van der Walls constants for a gas are a=2.31x10
6
(atm)(cm
3
/gmol)
2
and
b=44.9 cm
3
/g mol. Find the volume per kg mole if the gas is at
90 atm and 373 K
(m^6)(atm)(gmol^-2) = 1.37E-04 (m^6)(kPa)(gmol^-2)
(m^3)(gmol^-1)
(m^3)(Kpa)/(kgmol)(K) 0.008314 (m^3)(Kpa)/(gmol)(K)
Hitung temperatur menggunakan Van Der Waals
C
1 Problem 4.3A
Calculate the vapor pressure of benzene at 50C using the Antoine Equation. Also
estimate the normal boiling point of benzene (the vapor pressure at 1 atm), and compare it with
the experimental value (taken from a handbook).
Dari Appendik G
A = 15.9008 B = 2,788.510 C = -52.36
271.2594 Kpa
3.98E-05
1 atm = 760 mmHg
353.2512 K 80.10122
-2.1E-05
2 Problem 4.4A
If sufficient water is placed in a vessel containing a dry gas at 15C and 100.5 kPa to
thoroughly saturate it, what will be the absolute pressure in the vessel after saturation? The
temperature and volume of the vessel remain constant
Properties of Saturates water
P Kpa T (K) T = 288.15 K
1.6 287.17 P water = 1.708791 Kpa
1.8 288.99
P absolut = 102.20879 Kpa
3 Problem 4.4B
A gas saturated with water vapor in a tank has a volume of 1.00L at 17.5C and a pressure
of 106.2 kPa. What is the volume of dry gas under standard conditions? How many grams of
water vapor are present in the gas?
Pt = 106.2 Kpa
Pt = Pdry gas + P water
P vapor water pada 17,5 C = 2 Kpa
P1 = P dry gas = 104.2 Kpa V1 = 1 liter T1= 290.65
P2 = 101.3 Kpa V2 = ? T2= 273.15
V2 = 0.9666943 liter pada standart condition
b Mol H20 pada P vap = 2 Kpa
n = P*V/(R*T)
R= 0.08206 (l)(atm)/(gmol)(K)
P= 0.0197433 atm
n= 0.0008278 mol
gram H2O = 0.0149 gram
4 Problem 4.4C
Dry air at 25C is saturated with toluene under a total pressure of 760 mmHg abs. Is
there adequate air for complete combustion of all the toluene? If so, determine the percent
excess air present for combustion.
C7H8 + 9 O2 ----> 7 CO2 + 4 H2O
Basis : 1 mol C6H6
1 mol C6H6 = O2 yang diperlukan adalah 9 mol
Kebutuhan udara = 42.85714 mol
Perbandingan Udara terhadap C6H6 untuk pembakaran sempurna secara
teoritis adalah = 42.85714
Dari persamaan antoine untuk toluene
A = 16.0137 B = 3096.52 C= -53.67
28.43425 Tekanan uap dari toluene
0.000366
Tekanan dari dry gas = 731.565751 mmHg
Perbandingan P dry air : P toluene = 25.72833
Karena Pdry air/P toluene < n dry air/n toluene, maka tidak akan terjadi pembakaran
5 Problem 4.5A
Assume that Raoult's Law holds for the following mixture
mole%
n-Hexane 20
Benzene 50
Toluene 30
a. What is the dew point pressure of the mixture if it is at 150F?
b. What is the dew point temperature of the mixture if it is at 85 psia?
c. What is the bubble point temperature of the mixture if it is at 70 psig? The
barometer reads 780 mmHg.
d. What is the bubble point pressure if the mixture is 150F?
6 Problem 4.6A
A gas mixture contains 0.0083 g mol of water vapor per g mol of dry CH4 at a
temperature of 27C and a total pressure of 200 kPa. Calculate the:
a. percent relative saturation of the mixture.
b. percent saturation of the mixture
c. temperature to which the mixture must be heated at 200 kPa in order that the
relative saturation will be 0.20.
Basis : 1 lbmol CH4
P*H2O (27 C) = 3.536 Kpa
Ptotal = 200 Kpa
P H2O = p total * yH2O
a. percent relative saturation of the mixture.
pH2O/p*H2O * (100)
y H2O = 0.0082317
PH2O = 1.6463354
pH2O/p*H2O * (100) = 46.56 %
b. percent saturation of the mixture
rel saturation *((PT-Pi*)/(PT-Pi))*100
46.1157 %
c. temperature to which the mixture must be heated at 200 kPa in order that the
Pada pemanasan tekanan tetap maka mole fraksi dari uap air tidak berubah
jadi PH2O = 1.64 Kpa
PH2O /P*H2O = 0.2
P*H2O = 8.2 Kpa
dari steam table : 315,445 K
T P
310 6.23
315 8.143
315.445
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
309 310 311 312 313
T
e
k
a
n
a
n

(
K
p
a
)

Temperatur (K)
Grafik Temperatur Vs P
8 Problem 4.7A
Air saturated with water vapor at 80F and 745.0 mm Hg abs. is passed through an air
compressor and then stored in a tank at 25.0 psig and 80F. What percentage of the water
originally in the air was removed during the processing?
9 Problem 4.7B
Toluene is evaporated into dry air. The resulting mixture at 40C and a pressure of 101.3
kPa has a percentage saturation of 50%. It is desired to condense 80% of the toluene in the
mixture by a process of cooling and compressing. If the temperature is reduced to 5C,
determine the pressure to which gas must be compressed.
10 Problem 4.7C
A constant-volume vessel contains dry air at 66F and 21.2 psia. One pound of liquid
water is introduced into the vessel. The vessel is then heated to a constant temperature of 180F.
After equilibrium is reached, the pressure in the vessel is 31.0 psia. The vapor pressure of water
at 180F is 7.51 psia.
a. Did all of the water evaporate?
b. Compute the volume of the vessel in cubic feet.
c. Compute the humidity of the air in the vessel at the final conditions in pounds of
water per pound of air.
11 Problem 4.7D
A silica gel drier removes 1000 kg of water per hour. Air is supplied at a temperature of
55C and a dew point of 26.5C. The air leaves the drier at a temperature of 32C and a dew
point of 7.2C. The pressure in the system is constant at 100.0 kPa. Calculate the volume of the
wet air (at the initial conditions) which is supplied per hour.
Antoine Equation ln(p*) = A B
C + T
From Appendix G in the text the coefficients are
Benzene: A = 15.9008 T = K
B = 2788.51 p* = mmHg
C = 52.36
a. Vapor Pressure of benzene at 50C
ln(p*) = 15.9008 2788.51
-52.36 + (50 + 273)
p* = 270 mmHg abs
b. At the boiling point the vapor pressure is 1 atm (760 mmHg abs.)
ln(760) = 15.9008 2788.51
52.36 + T
Solving, T = 353.3K
From Appendix D in the text the normal boiling point of benzene is 353.26K. The two values
agree well.
Solution
H2O --> dry Air --> Saturated air
15C T = 15C
754 mmHg p = ?
Once the air is saturated with water vapor, the water (if the water vapor is in equilibrium with
liquid water) exerts a pressure equal to its vapor pressure at 15C.
Basis: Dry gas at 15C and 100.5 kPa
The vapor pressure of H2O at 15C = 1.7 kPa. Since the temperature and volume remain
constant
pT = p dry air + pH2O = 100.5 + 1.7 = 102.2 kPa
Solution
Sat. Gas Dry Gas Water Vapor
V = 1.00L --> T = 273K --------> T = 273K
T = 17.5C p = 101.3 kPa p =101.3 kPa
p = 106.2 kPa V = ?
At the initial conditions the total pressure is the sum of gas pressure and vapor pressure of the
water. The first step in the solution involves determining the pressure of the dry gas assuming
constant temperature and volume. Look up: pH2O = pH2O *(at 17.5C)=2.00 kPa
pT = 106.2 kPa = pH2O * + pgas = 2.00 + pgas pgas = 104.2 kPa
a. 1.00L 273K 104.2 kPa = 0.97L at SC
290.5K 101.3 kPa
b. One solution technique is to apply pV = nRT to the water vapor.
1.00L 2.00 kPa 1 atm 1 (g mol)(K) 18g H2O = 0.015 g H2O
290.5K 101.3 kPa 0.08206 (L)(atm) 1 g mol H2O
Another approach is to use pV = nRT to calculate the total moles present and multiply the result
(0.039 g mol) by the mole fraction water (2.00/106.2).
Steps 1, 2, 3 C7H8 + 9O2'---> 7CO2 + 4H2O
Air Toluene
T = 25C ---> T = 25C, p = 760 mmHg
p = 760 mmHg Air + toluene
25C
760 mmHg
Step 5 Basis: 1 g mol C7H8
Step 4 From the chemical equation we see 9 mol of O2 are need per mol of toluene hence
(9/0.21) = 42.86 mol of air is needed per mol of toluene. The mole fraction C7H8 would be
(1/43.86) = 0.0228.
Steps 6, 7, 8 and 9 At 25C, C7H8 exerts a vapor pressure of
ln(p*) = 16.0137 3096.52
53.67 + (25 + 273.1)
p* = 28.22 mm Hg abs.
At saturation
760 28.22 = 731.78 mm Hg abs. = pair
pair = nair = 731.78 = 25.93
ptoluene ntoluene 28.22
Since the molar ratio of air/toluene required for complete combustion is 42.9, and under the
given conditions the air/toluene ratio is only 25.93, the amount of air available is not adequate.
313 314 315 316
Temperatur (K)
Grafik Temperatur Vs P
water is introduced into the vessel. The vessel is then heated to a constant temperature of 180F.
From Appendix D in the text the normal boiling point of benzene is 353.26K. The two values
Once the air is saturated with water vapor, the water (if the water vapor is in equilibrium with
The vapor pressure of H2O at 15C = 1.7 kPa. Since the temperature and volume remain
At the initial conditions the total pressure is the sum of gas pressure and vapor pressure of the
water. The first step in the solution involves determining the pressure of the dry gas assuming
Another approach is to use pV = nRT to calculate the total moles present and multiply the result
Step 4 From the chemical equation we see 9 mol of O2 are need per mol of toluene hence
(9/0.21) = 42.86 mol of air is needed per mol of toluene. The mole fraction C7H8 would be
Since the molar ratio of air/toluene required for complete combustion is 42.9, and under the
given conditions the air/toluene ratio is only 25.93, the amount of air available is not adequate.
P T
1.6 287.17
1.8 288.99
288.15
1.708791
290.65
7 Problem 4.6B
A gas at 200F and 30 in Hg abs. has a molal humidity of 0.10. Calculate:
a. the percentage humidity
b. the relative humidity
c. the dew point of the gas (F)
zirfin009@gmail.com
1.6, 287.17
287
287.5
288
288.5
289
289.5
1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r

(
K
)

Tekanan (Kpa)
GRAFIK p vS t PADA AIR (DATA DARI
HIMMELBLAU HAL 488)
1.8, 288.99
1.75 1.8 1.85
Tekanan (Kpa)
GRAFIK p vS t PADA AIR (DATA DARI
HIMMELBLAU HAL 488)