By Kenneth Woong 1 2014

Secondary Four Express Additional Mathematics Syllabus 4047/01

Chapter 14: Differentiation and its Applications
Lesson Notes 1



Name: _______________________ ____ ( ) Class: _________ Date: __________



Basic Notes



















By Kenneth Woong 2 2014
Rate of Change
(a)
dx
dy
= rate of change of y with respect to x
(i) Graph of an increasing function, ) (x f y
0
dx
dy
for all x
y increases ( ) as x increases ( )

(ii) Graph of an increasing function, ) (x f y
0
dx
dy
for all x
y decreases ( ) as x increases ( )

(b) If a variable x varies with time t,
dt
dx
= rate of change of x
0
dt
dx
x is increasing at a rate of
dt
dx

0
dt
dx
x is decreasing at a rate of
dt
dx


(c) If two connected (related) variables x and y vary with time t, then
dt
dx
dx
dy
dt
dy


Practice Questions
1. A tangent and a normal are drawn to the curve 8 5
3
x x y at . 1 x Find
(a) the equation of the tangent,
(b) the equation of the normal.







2. The diagram shows part of the curve 3 2
2
x x y and the tangent line c x y 2 to the
curve at point A. Find
(a) the coordinates of A,
(b) the value of the constant, c.





















By Kenneth Woong 3 2014
3. The curve 4 3
2
x x y passes through the points P
(1,2) and Q (3,4). Find
(a) the equation of the tangent at P,
(b) the equation of the normal at Q,
(c) the coordinates of R, the point where the tangent intersects
the normal.










4. The diagram shows part of the curve 1 4
2
x x y
and the tangent line at P(a, b). The tangent line is
perpendicular to the line . 4 2 x y
Find
(a) the value of a, and of b,
(b) the equation of the tangent at P.










5. A curve has the equation . 1 ) 6 ( x x y
(a) Find .
dx
dy

(b) Find the rates of change of y when x = 2 and x = 5, given that x is increasing at a constant rate of
2 units per second.











By Kenneth Woong 4 2014
Applications
Let us now solve practical problems involving two variables which vary with time.

6. The raidus of a circle increases at a rate of 3 cms
-1
. Find the rate of increase of the area
(a) the radius is 5 cm, (b) the area is 4 cm
2
.
(Leave your answers in terms of ).









7. Show that the rate of change of the volume, V cm
3
and the radius, r cm of a sphere are related by
dt
dr
r
dt
dv
2
4 .
Find, to 2 significant figures, the rate of the change of radius r cm if
(a) the volume V is increasing at a rate of 30 cm
3
s
-1
when r = 3,
(b) the volume V is decreasing at a rate of 20 cm
3
s
-1
when r = 4.










8. The points O (0,0) and P (x, y) lie on the curve
2
5 x x y , as shown in the diagram.
If Q is the point (x, 0), find the area A of the triangle OPQ in terms of x.

If x increases at a rate of 2 units per second, find
(a) the rate of increase of A when x = 3,
(b) the rate of decrease of A when x = 4.








9. A container holds V cm
3
of a liquid, where , 3
2
x x V and the height of the liquid in the
container is x cm. More liquid is added such that the volume of the liquid increases at a constant
rate of 3 cm
3
s
-1
.
(a) Find an expression for the rate of change of x.
(b) Find the rates of change of height x when x = 3 and x = 5.