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Terrorism and Criminal activity have many similarities in that the action of the criminal and the terrorist group are illegal, immoral, and result in victims. Terrorism can be supported by the state or government in which the terrorist operates. Terrorist groups emerge in a society where the group feels oppressed either politically or religiously.
Terrorism and Criminal activity have many similarities in that the action of the criminal and the terrorist group are illegal, immoral, and result in victims. Terrorism can be supported by the state or government in which the terrorist operates. Terrorist groups emerge in a society where the group feels oppressed either politically or religiously.
Terrorism and Criminal activity have many similarities in that the action of the criminal and the terrorist group are illegal, immoral, and result in victims. Terrorism can be supported by the state or government in which the terrorist operates. Terrorist groups emerge in a society where the group feels oppressed either politically or religiously.
Terrorism and Criminal Activity Paper Terrorism and criminal activity have many similarities in that the action of the criminal and the terrorist group are illegal, immoral, and result in victims but there are also distinct differences. Crime is an activity that goes against the laws of a society while terrorism can be supported by the state or government in which the terrorist operates. Terrorists are well trained groups that operate more like a military than a criminal group and commit violent crimes that are different from the violent crimes often time seen in the criminal element. The terrorist has a propensity for violence while not all crimes involve violent behavior. Terrorist commit violent acts and even crimes to support a cause while criminal commit crimes for different motives, such as greed, jealousy, and anger. Terrorist groups emerge in a society where the group feels oppressed either politically or religiously (Gadek, 2008). These groups will form when members of the society experience the same anger and frustration at this oppression. Terrorist groups also form when their society is invaded by another country and their culture is threatened. Criminals commit crimes due to anger and frustration at their socioeconomic circumstances but will not commit acts of planned violence in order to make a statement to bring attention to their cause while the criminal takes steps to mask their crime. Criminals will cover-up there fingerprints, where masks to hide their faces, or commit their crimes under the cover of darkness while the terrorist go to great lengths to bring attention to their actions to ensure their message can be spread. Terrorist groups have a specific agenda and will commit the greatest amount of destruction and violence in order to ensure that the media brings attention to their cause. Criminals operate in a specific geographical are while the terrorist conducts operations all over the globe, especially in westernized countries. Terrorism and Criminal 3
Prevention, Mitigation, and Enforcement Measures Since the attacks on America on September 11, 2001 the focus of the government has been on developing antiterrorism measures that will prevent and effectively mitigate any further terrorist attacks. The first step of the government was to create the Department of Homeland Security in order to integrate federal agencies to ensure that intelligence warning about a potential attack does not go unnoticed, as in the case of 9/11. Failures in interagency communications led to a failure of the federal government to stop the terrorist attacks that killed over 3,000 Americans. Homeland Security is designed to coordinate efforts to ensure that further terrorist attacks are prevented as well as to create an effective response system in the event of further terrorist attacks. Next the government created the USA Patriot Act which is legislation designed to broaden and strengthen the investigatory capabilities of police. The police can now conduct searches without a warrant or probable cause if there is a suspicion of terrorist activity and can conduct roving wiretaps in order to develop intelligence on potential terrorist threats (Bloss, 2007). Law enforcement can also detain any citizen that may pose a potential terroristic threat to American society. Through this intelligence gathering and the new sharing of information further terrorist attacks have been averted. Law enforcement agencies across the country, including federal, state, and local police, also have different rules about sharing information and are now required to alert the F.B.I. of any intelligence that is gathered that could be potential terroristic behavior. Through the sharing of information terrorists cells have been located and terrorist threats captured or removed from the country. Terrorism and Criminal 4
Different measures have been taken to prevent crime beginning with the deployment of the first police department designed after the principles of Sir Robert Peel and the creation of a criminal code. There are many different types of crime prevention methods in place in society to address crime while crime is deterred through punishment. Law enforcement is responsible for identifying, investigating, and arresting criminal offenders in society in order to ensure they are no longer a threat and can be punished for their crimes. The death penalty is the most extreme method of punishment designed to deter the offender but sentencing policies, such as Three Strike Laws, are also designed to deter the criminal offender through the resulting severe punishment. Law enforcement measure in terrorism involves gathering intelligence, identifying terroristic threats, and sending in the military to eliminate these threats. While terrorists located in Western countries are arrested in caught out in society many terrorist are in different countries and must be dealt with by military forces. In current society the actions of the terrorists groups are dealt with swiftly and harshly. They are not afforded a trial in many cases, such Osama Bin Laden, but instead eliminated. The criminal, on the other hand, is afforded due process rights when they commit a crime which includes the right to a trial with counsel. Unlike the terrorist the criminal has the right to try to prove their innocence and any violations of their right could result in the charges being thrown out of the court. Criminal suspects are afforded due process rights, such as the right to a trial, attorney, and right to introduce evidence of their innocence. The terrorist is not always afforded these rights. Terrorist that do make it to the trial stage are tried as terrorists and subject to the death penalty. Only criminals that commit capital murder crimes will be subject to the death penalty in America. Terrorism and Criminal 5
Benefits and Limitations of Prevention versus Enforcement Prevention is stopping the crime or the terrorist action before it can occur and is a more effective that enforcing a crime after it has occurred. Crime prevention includes putting programs and services in place that will assist vulnerable members in society in avoiding engaging in criminal behavior. By preventing the crime or the terrorist act it will prevent innocent victims being subject to criminal or terroristic behavior. Crime prevention ensures areas in the community are safer and crime preventing measures can be effective at deterring crime. For example a police presence in a community or the use of CCTV may deter criminal behavior. Deterring terrorist behavior is more difficult that putting crime prevention measures in place. While America has put many prevention measures in place, including developing the TSA and securing Americas airplanes, it has been more difficult to deter terrorists that are not frightened by the potential consequences of their violent actions. Many members of a terrorist group are willing to die for their cause which makes them a greater threat to society. Current prevention methods, however, have to date, been successful in preventing any further terrorist attacks in the United States but have not prevented other attacks on Americans overseas. Economy Affected by Criminal Activity and Terrorism Crime creates a major economic burden for the crime victims and the government. The tangible and intangible costs of crime place a severe encumbrance on society and misappropriating significant resources that could otherwise be directed toward more productive endeavors (Erikson, 2010). The criminal justice system is responsible for identifying, arresting, trying, and punishing the criminal offender. There is a high cost the police, courts, and Terrorism and Criminal 6
correctional department in trying and punishing the criminal offender. In fact in America the highest cost to the taxpayer is the expense of housing the extremely large prison population. The economic impact of terrorism can be both national and international. Terrorist commits acts of violence that result in the loss of life and property as well as the cost of the airline ticket has gone up to ensure terrorists do not capture anymore American flights to use as bombs. When terrorist commit their acts of destruction businesses lose money and citizens lose their jobs. For example the attacks on September 11, 2001 cost the American government, businesses, and taxpayers billions of dollars in lost revenue and the inability to operate. Measures that need to be put into place to deter and prevent further terrorist attacks cost the government and the resulting was in Afghanistan and Iraq cost the country and its citizens twenty billion dollars. Terrorism and crime are extremely costly. Crime is a constant fixed cost in the American economy while terrorism is not but with the crime rate rising every year along with the prison population the impact of crime to the economy will be far greater than that of terrorism as long as further attacks are thwarted. When the government and the taxpayer is responsible for the burden of the crime or the terrorist attack it directly impacts the economy.
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References Bloss, W. (2007).Escalating U.S. Police Surveillance after 9/11: an Examination of Causes and Effects. Retrieved October 8, 2012 from http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles4%283%29/escalating.pdf Erikson, S. (2010). The Financial Impact of Crime. The Daily Caller. Retrieved October 8, 2012 from http://dailycaller.com/2010/02/19/the-financial-impact-of-crime/ Gadek, R. (2008).Terrorism: Criminal Behavior vs. Terrorism. Retrieved October 8, 2012 from http://criminaljusticeonlineblog.com/11/terrorism-criminal-behavior-vs-terrorism/