I.

Stages of Wellness & Illness

1. Wellness
a. Definition
Wellness is a state of well-being.
b. Basic aspects
Self-responsibility
An ultimate goal
A dynamic
Growing process
Daily nutrition making in the areas of nutrition, stress
management, physical fitness, preventive health care, and
emotional health
The whole being of an individual
c. Seven components of wellness (Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato)
Physical the ability to carry out tasks, achieve fitness, maintain
adequate nutrition and body fat, avoid abusing drugs and
alcohol or tobacco products, and generally practice positive
lifestyle habits.
Social the ability to interact successfully with people and
within the environment of which each person is a part, to
develop respect and tolerance for those with different opinions
and beliefs.
Emotional the ability to manage stress and express emotions
appropriately.
Intellectual the ability to learn and use information effectively.
Spiritual the belief in some force that serves to unite human
beings and provide meaning and purpose to life. It includes a
persons own morals, values, and ethics.
Occupational the ability to achieve balance between work and
leisure time.
Environmental the ability to promote health measures that
improve the standard of living and quality of life in the
community.
2. Illness
a. Definition
Illness is a condition of being unhealthy in your body or mind.
b. Stages of Illness or Illness Behavior (Schumann)
Symptoms experience The person is aware that something is
wrong. A person usually recognizes a physical sensation or a
limitation in functioning but does not suspect a specific
diagnosis.
Assumption of the sick role If symptom persist and become
severe, clients assume the sick role. At this point, the illness
becomes a social phenomenon, and sick people seek
confirmation from their families and social groups that they are
indeed ill and that they be excused from normal duties and role
expectations.
Medical care contract If symptoms persist despite the home
remedies, become severe or require emergency care, the
person is motivated to seek professional health services. In this
stage the client seeks expert acknowledgement of the illness as
well as the treatment.
Dependent client role The client depends on health care
professionals for the relief of symptoms. The client accepts
care, sympathy and protection from the demands and stresses
of life. A client can adopt the dependent role in a health care
institution, at home, or in a community setting. The client must
also adjust to the disruption of a daily schedule.
Recovery and rehabilitation This stage can arrive suddenly,
such as when the symptoms appeared. In the case of chronic
illness, the final stage may involve in an adjustment to a prolong
reduction in health and functioning.
II. Levels of Prevention
1. Description
Preventing any disease can be grouped into three levels. The
levels are named for the stages of disease they target. The three
levels of prevention are primary, secondary, and tertiary.
2. Levels
a. Primary prevention
We use primary prevention methods before the person gets the
disease.
Primary prevention aims to prevent the disease from occurring.
Primary prevention reduces both the incidence and prevalence of a
disease.
Encouraging people to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet
rays is an example of primary prevention of skin cancer.
b. Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention is used after the disease has occurred, but
before the person notices that anything is wrong.
The goal of secondary prevention is to find and treat disease early.
In many cases, the disease can be cured.
A doctor checking for suspicious skin growths is an example of
secondary prevention of skin cancer.
c. Tertiary prevention
Tertiary prevention targets the person who already has symptoms
of the disease.
The goals of tertiary prevention are: to prevent damage and pain
from the disease; slow down the disease; prevent the disease from
causing other problems or complications; give better care to people
with the disease; and make people with the disease healthy again
and able to do what they want to do.
Developing better treatments for melanoma is an example of
tertiary prevention. Examples include better surgeries, new
medicines, etc.
References:
Berman, A. et al. (2008). Kozier & Erbs Fundamentals of Nursing Eighth Edition.
Philippines: Pearson Education, Inc.
Levels of Disease Prevention. CDC.gov EXCITE. Retrieved on June 27, 2014
from http://www.cdc.gov/excite/

Questions:
1. Its the component of wellness in which the individual has the ability to
promote health measures that improve the standard of living and quality of life
in the community.
a. Intellectual
b. Emotional
c. Environmental
d. Physical
2. Its defined as a condition of being unhealthy in your body or mind.
a. Illness
b. Disease process
c. Pathophysiology
d. Infection
3. It is a stage of illness in which a person usually recognizes a physical
sensation or a limitation in functioning but does not suspect a specific
diagnosis.
a. Assumption of the sick role
b. Symptoms experience
c. Recovery and rehabilitation
d. Dependent client role
4. The following are stages of illness, except:
a. Symptoms experience
b. Medical care contract
c. Recovery and rehabilitation
d. Surgical level
5. Its defined as a state of well-being.
a. Healthy living
b. Wellness
c. Health appraisal
d. Health education
6. The goals of tertiary prevention are:
a. to prevent damage and pain from the disease
b. slow down the disease
c. prevent the disease from causing other problems or complications
d. All of the above
7. In this level of prevention, the goal of the health care provider is to prevention
is to find and treat disease early.
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Intermediate
8. Operation Timbang is an example of:
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Intermediate prevention
9. Encouraging people to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet rays is an
example of:
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Intermediate prevention
10. Developing a better treatment for gastric ulcer is an example of:
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Intermediate prevention
Answers:
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. b
6. d
7. c
8. b
9. b
10. c