2.

00

0.00
-220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

-2.00

-4.00

-6.00

-8.00

-10.00

-12.00

-14.00

-16.00

-18.00

-20.00

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

 CA TRE NHO BRIDGE
PRESSURE CALCULATION
Soil properties Water pressure (kN/m)
Level H Density (kN/m3) Friction Wall Cohen. Surchar. S g'H + Surcharge (kN/m) 1st step 2nd step
No. Description
(ND) (m) Moist Sub. ang.(deg) F.A.(deg) C (kPa) (kN/m) Land 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 4&5th step Land Excav. Land Excav.
1 1.60 Fill 0.00 18.00 10.00 28.00 9.33 0.00 10.00 10.00
2 1.39 Water Level 0.21 10.00 13.78
3 1.39 Land side 0.21 10.00 13.78 0.00 0.00
4 1.00 Strut 1 0.60 10.00 17.68 3.90 3.90
5 0.60 Fill 1.00 18.00 10.00 28.00 9.33 0.00 10.00 21.68 7.90 7.90
6 0.60 Soft Clay 1 1.00 15.00 5.00 0.00 14.00 10.00 21.68 7.90 7.90
7 0.00 W.L Excav. 1.60 10.00 24.68 13.90 13.90
8 0.00 side 1ststep 1.60 10.00 24.68 0.00 13.90 0.00 13.90
9 -1.60 3.20 10.00 32.68 8.00 29.90 17.53 29.90
10 -3.03 4.63 10.00 39.83 15.15 44.19 33.19 44.19
2nd step
11 -3.03 4.63 10.00 39.83 15.15 0.00 44.19 33.19 44.19 0.00
8 -5.50 7.10 10.00 52.18 27.50 12.36 68.90 60.27 68.90 34.23
9 -7.00 Soft Clay 1 8.60 15.00 5.00 0.00 14.00 10.00 59.68 35.00 19.86 83.90 76.71 83.90 55.01
10 -7.00 Soft Clay 2 8.60 15.00 5.00 0.00 28.00 10.00 59.68 35.00 19.86 83.90 76.71 83.90 55.01
11 -14.5 SP tip 16.10 15.00 5.00 0.00 28.00 10.00 97.18 72.50 57.36 158.90 158.90 158.90 158.90

Level H Pa Pp (kN/m) SPa (kN/m) SPp (kN/m) SP (kN/m)

No. Description Ka Kp
(ND) (m) (kN/m) 1st step 2nd step 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 4&5th step 1st step 2nd step 1st step
1 1.60 Fill 0.00 0.334 3.34 3.34 3.34 3.34
2 1.39 Water Level 0.21 0.334 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.61
3 1.39 Land side 0.21 0.334 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.61
4 1.00 Strut 1 0.60 0.334 5.91 9.81 9.81 9.81
5 0.60 Fill 1.00 0.334 7.25 15.15 15.15 15.15
6 0.60 Soft Clay 1 1.00 5.42 13.32 13.32 13.32
7 0.00 W.L Excav. 1.60 6.17 20.07 20.07 20.07
side
8 0.00 1.60 6.17 28.00 20.07 20.07 28.00 -7.93
1ststep
9 -1.60 3rd step 3.20 8.17 36.00 38.07 38.07 53.53 -15.46
10 -3.03 4.63 11.83 43.15 56.02 56.02 76.34 -20.32
2nd step
11 -3.03 4.63 11.83 43.15 28.00 56.02 56.02 76.34 28.00 -20.32
8 -5.50 7.10 24.18 55.50 40.36 93.08 93.08 115.77 74.58 -22.69
9 -7.00 Soft Clay 1 8.60 31.68 63.00 47.86 115.58 115.58 139.71 102.86 -24.13
10 -7.00 Soft Clay 2 8.60 14.92 91.00 75.86 98.82 98.82 167.71 130.86 -68.89
11 -14.5 SP tip 16.10 41.18 128.50 113.36 200.08 200.08 287.40 272.26 -87.32
 1st STEP
Passive Active

1.00

-1.00
-400 -340 -280 -220 -160 -100 -40 20 80 140 200 260

-3.00

-5.00

Active Pressure
-7.00

Water Land side

-9.00
Total Land side

-11.00 Passive Pressure

Water Excav. side

-13.00
Total Excav. side

-15.00

3
 Total Excav. side

-15.00

2nd STEP
Passive Active

1.00

-1.00

-3.00

-400 -340 -280 -220 -160 -100 -40 20 80 140 200 260

-5.00

Active Pressure
-7.00

Water Land side

-9.00
Total Land side

Passive Pressure
-11.00

Water Excav. side

-13.00
Total Excav. side

-15.00 4
 -13.00
Total Excav. side

-15.00

3rd STEP
Passive Active

1.00

-1.00

-3.00

-400 -340 -280 -220 -160 -100 -40 20 80 140 200 260

-5.00

Active Pressure
-7.00

Water Land side

-9.00
Total Land side

Passive Pressure
-11.00

Water Excav. side

-13.00
Total Excav. side 5
 Water Excav. side

-13.00
Total Excav. side

-15.00

6
 CA TRE NHO BRIDGE
WALL CALCULATION
Wall properties & Excavation data:
Sheet pile type: OT-22
Modulus of elasticity: E(kPa) = 2.0E+08
General dimensions (mm): Width: 610 Height: 260 Thickness: 10
Coefficient of efficiency for: Moment of inertia a = 0.45 Section modulus b = 0.6
Section properties per wall width: A(cm2) = 114.3 aI(cm4) = 23541.75 bZ(cm3) = 1320
Sheet pile top level: htop (m) = 2.00
Sheet pile length: LSP (m) = 16.27
Excavation level: 1st Step h1st (m) = 0.00
2nd Step h 2nd
(m) = -3.03
3rd Step h3rd (m) = -1.60
Strut & bracing level: Strut 1 h ST1
(m) = 1.00
1st Step: Cantilever retaining wall
Point O at: hO (m) = 0.00 Total Pressure (kN)
Active equivalent force: F1 (kN) = 18.66
at: Z1 (m) = 0.62 0.00
Passive equivalent force F2 are calculated from the -160 -120 -80 -40 0 40
equilibrium moments at the assumed fixity of the wall:
-5.00
Point C at: hC (m) = -3.31
and F 2
(kN) = -49.96
at: Z2 (m) = -1.84 -10.00
Required embedded length D (m): 3.31
Design embedded depth of sheet pile:
1.2D (m) = 3.97 -15.00
hT (m) = -3.97
Sheet pile length: L SP
(m) = 5.97 -20.00
Detailed calculation:
Level Total pressure F1 Arm01 M01 F2 Arm02 M02
1.60 3.34
1.39 4.61 0.8 1.5 1.2
1.39 4.61 0.0 1.4 0.0
1.00 9.81 2.8 1.2 3.4
0.60 15.15 5.0 0.8 4.0
0.60 13.32 0.0 0.6 0.0
0.00 20.07 10.0 0.3 3.0
0.00 -7.93 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-1.60 -15.46 -18.7 -0.8 15.0
-3.03 -20.32 -25.6 -2.3 59.2
-3.03 -20.32 0.0 -3.0 0.0
-5.50 -22.69 -5.7 -3.2 18.0
-7.00 -24.13
-7.00 -68.89
-14.50 -87.32

At level (m): 0.00 p= 0.0 -3.31 p= -20.6

Total: 18.7 0.6 11.6 -50.0 -1.8 92.1
FOS of overturning (about C): FOS = F2x(Z2-hC)/{F1x(Z1-hC)} = 1.00
Maximum bending moment of wall - about O: M max
(kN.m) = 11.61
Maximum shear force - at O Qmax (kN) = 18.66
Maximum deflection - at the top of wall : D max
(mm) = 0.1
Cantilever length (m): 2.00 Load position (m): Active ba (m) = 0.62
2nd Step: retaining wall with 1 level of bracing
Point O at: hO (m) = -7.00
Active equivalent force: F 1
(kN) = 209.62 Total Pressure (kN)
at: Z1 (m) = -2.75
0.00

-240 -160 -80 -5.00 0 80

 Total Pressure (kN)

Free-earth Support Method: 0.00

Strut force is achieved by taking the equilibrium
lateral forces: T + F1 + F2 = 0
=> T (kN) = -123.46
-240 -160 -80 -5.00 0 80
where:
Equivalent passive force F2 are calculated by taking
the equilibrium moments about strut point 1.
Point C: at hC (m) = -9.26 -10.00
and F2 (kN) = -86.16
at: Z2 (m) = -8.13
Required embedded length: D (m) = 6.23
Design embedded depth of sheet pile: -15.00
1.2D (m) = 7.48
and hT (m) = -10.51
Sheet pile length: LSP (m) = 12.51
-20.00

Detailed calculation:
Level Total pressure F1 Arm01 M01 F2 Arm02 M02
1.60 3.34
1.39 4.61
1.39 4.61
1.00 9.81
0.60 15.15 5.0 0.8 4.0
0.60 13.32 0.0 0.6 0.0
0.00 20.07 10.0 0.3 3.0
0.00 20.07 0.0 0.0 0.0
-1.60 38.07 46.5 -0.8 -37.2
-3.03 56.02 67.2 -2.3 -155.6
-3.03 28.02 0.0 -3.0 0.0
-5.50 18.50 57.5 -4.3 -245.1
-7.00 12.72 23.4 -6.3 -146.3
-7.00 -32.04 0.0 -7.0 0.0 0.00 -7.00 0.00
-14.50 -72.18 -86.16 -8.13 700.55

At level (m): -7.0 p= 0.0 -9.3 p= -44.1

Total: 209.6 -2.8 -577.2 -86.2 -8.1 700.5
FOS of overturning (about strut 1): FOS = F2x(hST1 - Z2)/{F1x(hST1 - Z1)} = 1.00

Pressure table
Level Total pres. Assumptions:
1.00 9.81 - Wall is considered as simple beam supported at Strut 1 and point O.
0.60 15.15 - Pressure is simplified as a uniform load and two linearly varying loads.
0.60 13.32 from to
0.00 20.07 Span length: 8.00 m 1.00 -7.00
0.00 20.07
-1.60 38.07 Maximum bending moment of wall: Mmax (kN.m) = 252.50
-3.03 56.02 Maximum deflection: Dmax (mm) = 60.0
-3.03 28.02 Maximum shear force could be: At strut 1: QST (kN) = -123.46
-5.50 18.50 At O: QO (kN) = -86.16
-7.00 12.72
=> Qmax (kN) = -123.46

8
Flexural stress:
#REF! 1320 #REF!
Compression stress
0.00 300000 0

Check of wall stress :

Type :OT-22 (without welding)

Mmax Allowable
Z Stress
Stress
(kN.m) (cm3) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
252.50 1320 191.29 269.5
 1st Propping
Items Symbol Unit
Waler Strut
Property H-400×400×13×21 H-300×300×10×15
Properties Modulus of elasticity Es Mpa 2.00E+05 2.00E+05
Minimum specified tensile strength Fy Mpa 400.00 400.00
Pitch s m (1) 5.000 (4) 7.200
Responsible length for Axial force L m (2) 4.000 ----
Forces Prop Reaction q kN/m 123.5 123.5
Thermal Load Nt kN 150.0 150.0
Unbraced Length (for Comp., vertical) Lx mm (3) 5000.0 (5) 6950.0
Unbraced Unbraced Length (for Comp., hor.) Ly mm (3) 5000.0 (10) 4550.0
Length
Unbraced Length (for Bendingf) Lb mm (3) 5000.0 (5) 6950.0
Bending Moment (waler = qs2/10) Mx kNm 308.7 0.0
Section Axial Force (waler = Lq+Nt , strut = qs+Nt)
Forces N kN 643.8 1038.9
Shear Force (waler = qs/2) S kN 308.7 0.0
Area A mm2 21870.0 11980.0
Web Area Aw mm2 4654.0 2700.0
Unit Mass w kg/m 171.7 94.0
Flange Width b mm 400.0 300.0
Flange Thickness t mm 21.0 15.0
Web Height D mm 358.0 270.0
Web Thickness tw mm 13.0 10.0
Section Inertia Moment (Strong Axis) Ix mm4 666000000 204000000
Properties Iy
Inertia Moment (Weak Axis) mm4 224000000 67500000
Radius of Gyration (Strong Axis) rx mm 174.51 130.49
Radius of Gyration (Weak Axis) ry mm 101.20 75.06
Section Modulus (Strong Axis) Sxc mm3 3330000 1360000
Section Modulus (Weak Axis) Syc mm3 1120000 450000
Inertia Moment of comp. flange (ver. axis) Iyc mm 4
112000000 33750000
Inertia Moment of comp. flange (hor. axis) Ixc mm 4
301954800 91462500
Compression fa Mpa 29.44 86.72
fbx Mpa 92.7 0.0
Flexure fby Mpa 0.0 0.0
Stresses
Cmx 0.85 1.00
Interaction Coefficient Cmy 0.85 1.00
Shear t Mpa 66.3 0.0
K 2.0 1.0
KLx/rx 57.30 53.26
Slenderness Ratio KLy/ry 98.81 60.62
KLb/b 25.00 23.17
Limit 120.00 120.00
Cc 99.35 99.35
Compression Fa
Allowable Mpa 95.4 153.6
Stresses Cb 1.0 1.0
J mm3 2731775.3 765000.0
Flexure Fbx Mpa 220.0 166.3
Fby Mpa 220.0 220.0
F'ex Mpa 283.5 328.2
Euler Buckling F'ey Mpa 95.4 253.4
Shear Fv Mpa 132.0 132.0
(1) 0.708 0.565
Flexural / Compressive Stress
Checking (2) 0.577 0.459
Shear 66.32 0.00
 1st Bracing
Items Symbol Unit
Waler
Property H-400×400×13×21
Properties Modulus of elasticity Es Mpa 2.00E+05
Minimum specified tensile strength Fy Mpa 400.00
Pitch s m (6) 2.000
Responsible length for Axial force L m (11) 2.500
Forces
Prop Reaction q kN/m 123.5
Thermal Load Nt kN 150.0
Unbraced Length (for Comp., vertical) Lx mm (7) 2000.0
Unbraced Ly
Unbraced Length (for Comp., hor.) mm (7) 2000.0
Length
Unbraced Length (for Bendingf) Lb mm (7) 2000.0
Bending Moment (waler = qs2/10) Mx kNm 49.4
Section Axial Force (waler=Lq+Nt , brace=qs*sin45o+Nt) N kN 458.7
Forces
Shear Force (waler = qs/2) S kN 123.5
Area A mm2 21870.0
Web Area Aw mm2 4654.0
Unit Mass w kg/m 171.7
Flange Width b mm 400.0
Flange Thickness t mm 21.0
Web Height D mm 358.0
Web Thickness tw mm 13.0
Section Inertia Moment (Strong Axis) Ix mm4 666000000
Properties Iy
Inertia Moment (Weak Axis) mm4 224000000
Radius of Gyration (Strong Axis) rx mm 174.51
Radius of Gyration (Weak Axis) ry mm 101.20
Section Modulus (Strong Axis) Sxc mm3 3330000
Section Modulus (Weak Axis) Syc mm3 1120000
Inertia Moment of comp. flange (ver. axis) Iyc mm4 112000000
Inertia Moment of comp. flange (hor. axis) Ixc mm 4
301954800
Compression fa Mpa 20.97
fbx Mpa 14.8
Flexure fby Mpa 0.0
Stresses
Cmx 0.85
Interaction Coefficient Cmy 0.85
Shear t Mpa 26.5
K 2.0
KLx/rx 22.92
Slenderness Ratio KLy/ry 39.52
KLb/b 10.00
Limit 120.00
Cc 99.35
Compression Fa
Allowable Mpa 173.7
Stresses Cb 1.0
J mm3 2731775.3
Flexure Fbx Mpa 220.0
Fby Mpa 220.0
F'ex Mpa 1772.1
Euler Buckling F'ey Mpa 596.0
Shear Fv Mpa 132.0
(1) 0.179
Flexural / Compressive Stress
Checking (2) 0.178
Shear 26.53
1st Bracing
Brace
H-300×300×10×15
2.00E+05
400.00
(8) 2.300
----
123.5
150.0
(9) 4200.0
(9) 4200.0
(9) 4200.0
0.0
350.8
0.0
11980.0
2700.0
94.0
300.0
15.0
270.0
10.0
204000000
67500000
130.49
75.06
1360000
450000
33750000
91462500
29.28
0.0
0.0
1.00
1.00
0.0
1.0
32.19
55.95
14.00
120.00
99.35
158.8
1.0
765000.0
220.0
220.0
898.8
297.4
132.0
0.184
0.155
0.00