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The fetal circulatory system works differently than after birth to support the fetus's development in the womb. Through the umbilical cord and placenta, the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream and returns carbon dioxide and waste. Most blood bypasses the fetus's lungs and circulates from the right side of the heart to the left and out to the body before returning to the right side. After birth, removal of the placenta and the baby's first breaths cause changes that close the fetal blood vessels and allow the lungs to function in normal circulation.
The fetal circulatory system works differently than after birth to support the fetus's development in the womb. Through the umbilical cord and placenta, the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream and returns carbon dioxide and waste. Most blood bypasses the fetus's lungs and circulates from the right side of the heart to the left and out to the body before returning to the right side. After birth, removal of the placenta and the baby's first breaths cause changes that close the fetal blood vessels and allow the lungs to function in normal circulation.
The fetal circulatory system works differently than after birth to support the fetus's development in the womb. Through the umbilical cord and placenta, the fetus receives oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream and returns carbon dioxide and waste. Most blood bypasses the fetus's lungs and circulates from the right side of the heart to the left and out to the body before returning to the right side. After birth, removal of the placenta and the baby's first breaths cause changes that close the fetal blood vessels and allow the lungs to function in normal circulation.
During pregnancy, the fetal circulatory system works differently than after birth: The fetus is connected by the umbilical cord to the placenta, the organ that develops and implants in the mother's uterus during pregnancy. Through the blood vessels in the umbilical cord, the fetus receives all the necessary nutrition, oxygen, and life support from the mother through the placenta. Waste products and carbon dioxide from the fetus are sent back through the umbilical cord and placenta to the mother's circulation to be eliminated.
lood from the mother enters the placenta and comes in close proximity to the fetal blood that has returned from the fetus to the placenta through the umbilical arteries. !nce the two circulations are in close proximity in the placenta, the oxygen "!#$ and nutrients, like sugar, protein and fat molecules can move from maternal to fetal blood, and carbon dioxide "%!#$ and waste products can move from fetal to maternal blood. The maternal blood returns from the placenta to the mother's veins for her systems to take care of the waste. The new well nourished fetal blood returns to the baby through the umbilical vein. The umbilical vein goes to the liver and splits in to three branches, one of which connects to the inferior vena cava, a ma&or vein connected to the heart. 'n this way the well nourished blood reaches the fetal heart to be sent to the rest of the body. 'nside the fetal heart: lood enters the right atrium, the chamber on the upper right side of the heart. (ost of the blood flows to the left side through a special fetal opening between the left and right atria, called the foramen ovale. lood then passes into the left ventricle "lower chamber of the heart$ and then to the aorta, "the large artery coming from the heart$. )rom the aorta, blood is sent to the head and upper extremities. *fter circulating there, the blood returns to the right atrium of the heart through the superior vena cava. *bout one+third of the blood entering the right atrium does not flow through the foramen ovale, but, instead, stays in the right side of the heart, eventually flowing into the pulmonary artery. ecause the placenta does the work of exchanging oxygen "! # $ and carbon dioxide "%! # $ through the mother's circulation, the fetal lungs are not used for breathing. 'nstead of blood flowing to the lungs to pick up oxygen and then flowing to the rest of the body, the fetal circulation shunts "bypasses$ most of the blood away from the lungs. 'n the fetus, blood is shunted from the pulmonary artery to the aorta through a connecting blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus. Blood circulation after birth: With clamping of the cord, the detachment from the placenta and the first breaths of air the baby takes at birth, the fetal circulation changes. y removing the placenta reservoir, the baby's venous resistance,blood pressure goes up. y filling the lungs with air, the blood pressure in the lung arteries goes down. This eventually leads to the closing of the two areas for shunting, the patent foramen ovale "-)!$ and the patent ductus arteriosus "-D*$. ecause the ductus arteriosus "the normal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery$ is no longer needed, it begins to constrict and close off. The circulation in the lungs increases and more blood flows into the left atrium of the heart. This increased pressure causes the foramen ovale to close and blood circulates normally.