Industrial Internship Report

HOST COMPANY:
PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN. BHD.

SABAH OPERATION

PROJECT TITLE:
GAS LIFT VALVE CHANGE USING SLICKLINE FOR
SELECTED SUMANDAK FIELD

Name : MUHAMMAD HAIRI B MURSALIM
ID Number : 14545
Course : PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
HC SV : M NORHAFIFI B BOHRO
UTP SV : A/P DR. MUHANNAD TALIB SHUKER

ICB 3047: STUDENT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT (SIP)
JANUARY 2013 SEMESTER
20
th
JANUARY 30
th
APRIL 2014
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT REPORT

i

VERIFICATION STATEMENT

I hereby verify that this report was written by
Muhammad Hairi B Mursalim
(I/C No: 920406125017)
and all information regarding this company are NOT Confidential.

Host Company Supervisors
Signature & Stamp:

Name: M Norhafifi B Bohro
Designation: Well Intervention Engineer
Host Company: Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd Sabah
Operation (PCSB-SBO)
Date: 8
th
April 2014

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Almighty God, Allah S.W.T. that
because of the grace and strength that been given to me to undergo and finish the first
phase of my industrial training with ease at PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. Sabah
Operation (PCSB - SBO).
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the host company, PETRONAS Carigali Sdn
Bhd Sabah Operation (PCSB-SBO) for giving me the opportunities to undergo my
internship training with the company. I would like to say thank you to host company
that have given me this magnificent opportunities. Also, a million thanks to Mr. M
Faizal M Sulaiman, Well Intervention Manager, my industrial training supervisor, Mr
M Norhafifi Bohro, and Mr. M Azza Zaini, Well Integrity Engineer, for their
continuous effort, great supervision and guidance throughout this whole process of my
internship.
This gratitude also goes to all those involve directly and indirectly towards the entire
process:
SWI Engineers
All SWI staff
Service Provider Engineers
Fellow trainees in PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd
Lastly to my beloved parents and family for giving me moral supports and full
attention when needed the most.


iii

TABLE OF CONTENT
No Content Page
VERIFICATION STATEMENT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES v
ABSTRACT 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Scope of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 The relevancy of the project
2
3
4
5
5
2.0 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Critical Analysis Literature
- Gas Lift Principles
- Sumandak Field Background
- Type of Gas Lift Valve
- Slickline
2.2 Feasibility of the Project within the Scope and Time Frame
6

6
11
12
16

17
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Methodology
3.2 Key Milestone
3.3 Gantt Chart
3.4 Tools Required

18
19
20
21
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findings
4.2 Data Gathering/ Data Analysis
4.3 Experimentation/ Modelling/ Prototype/ Project Deliverables

23
27
33
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Impact
6.3 Suggested Future Work for Expansion and Continuation

34
35
6.0 SAFETY TRAINING AND VALUE OF THE PRACTICAL
EXPERIENCES
6.1 Lesson Learnt and Experience gained
6.1.1 PCSB-SBO Sabah Well Intervention
6.1.2 Young Professional Club

36
36
41

iv

6.1.3 Communication Skills
6.2 Leadership, Team Work and Individual Skills
6.2.1 Sabah Well Intervention Away Day
6.2.2 Initiative
6.2.3 Teamwork
6.3 Business values, ethics, and management skills
6.4 Problems or challenges faced and solutions to overcome them
41
42
43
44
45
46
50
7.0 REFERENCES 52
8.0 APPENDICES 53


v

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
No. Description Page
1. Dummy Gas Lift Valve 2
2. Configuration of typical gas lift well 6
3. Unloading Sequences 7-10
4. Unloader Valve type IPO 12
5. Unloader Valve type PPO 13
6. Operating Valve type Orifice 14
7. Dummy Valve 14
8. Winch Unit 15
9. Power Pack 15
10. Gantt chart 20
11. Drift 21
12. LIB 21
13. Kick-over Tool 22
14. Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A01 23
15. Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A08 24
16. Well Intervention History for SUDP A01 25
17. Well Intervention History for SUDP A08 26
18. Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A01 26
19. Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A08 26
20. Toolstring Configuration 27
21. Current Gas Lift Configuration for A01 28
22. Current Gas Lift Configuration for A08 28
23. Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A01 29
24. Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A08 29
25. Brief procedure on how to install Gas Lift Valve in SPM. 30
26. Example of well schematic diagram 31
27. Screen shot of Peer Review slide 33
28. Screen shot of NOWIP 33
29. Deleum Training Well 38
30. Kick-Over Tool that is use to set and retrieve gas lift valve 38
31. Performing Practical Exam 39
32. Pump that used during greasing and sealing 39
33. SWI Away Day 43
34. My Colleagues and I with the Expert Trainer at LGAST 44


1

Abstract

Gas lifting is the most selected method for production enhancement purpose in Sabah
Operations due to huge amount of gas source is available for utilization. However,
maximum potential production of well SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 cannot be achieved
due to poor design of gas lift valve configuration of the wells.
Due to the problem stated, further analysis was carried out to design the gas lift
configuration and executing the Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC) job using one of the
wireline type, called Slickline in order to enhance the production of the well by
accommodating new gas lift optimization.
This paper will explain detail theoretical and practical procedures of GLVC job and
how new gas lift configuration can maximize the maximum potential of the wells
producing oil.

2

Gas Lift Valve Change
Chapter 1: Introduction

Gas lift is a method of artificial lift that uses an external source of high-
pressure gas for supplementing formation gas to lift the well fluids. The principle of
gas lift is that gas injected into the tubing reduces the density of the fluids in the
tubing, and the bubbles have a scrubbing action on the liquids. Both factors act to
lower the flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP) at the bottom of the tubing.
Gas lift technology increases oil production rate by injection of compressed
gas into the lower section of tubing through the casingtubing annulus and an orifice
installed in the tubing string. Upon entering the tubing, the compressed gas affects
liquid flow in two ways: (a) the energy of expansion propels (pushes) the oil to the
surface and (b) the gas aerates the oil so that the effective density of the fluid is less
and, thus, easier to get to the surface. There are four
categories of wells in which a gas lift can be considered:
a) High productivity index (PI), high bottom hole
pressure (BHP) wells.
b) High PI, low BHP wells.
c) Low PI, high BHP wells.
d) Low PI, low BHP wells
Wells having a PI of 0.50 or less are classified as
low productivity wells. Wells having a PI greater than 0.50
are classified as high productivity wells. High bottom-hole
pressures will support a fluid column equal to 70% of the
well depth. Low bottom-hole pressures will support a fluid
column less than 40% of the well depth.
Gas lift technology has been widely used in the oil
fields that produce sandy and gassy oils. Crooked/deviated
holes present no problem. Well depth is not a limitation. It
is also applicable to offshore operations. Lifting costs for a
large number of wells are generally very low. However, it
Figure 1: Dummy Gas
Lift Valve

3

requires lift gas within or near the oil fields. It is usually not efficient in lifting small
fields with a small number of wells if gas compression equipment is required. Gas lift
advancements in pressure control and automation systems have enabled the
optimization of individual wells and gas lift systems.
As I am attached to Well Intervention department which doing well service
maintenances using wireline, one of the intervention job that this department do is Gas
Lift Valve Change (GLVC) using slickline. Therefore, I decided to take gas lift valve
change as my project title because it is related to what I have learnt back in university.
Also, I have attended slickline training which one of the course covered was on how
to carry out gas lift valve change.
This GLVC project focus on two wells in Sumandak fields, which are
Sumandak drilling platform (SUDP) A01 and SUDP A08. Both of the well are
currently in production without gas lift valve.

1.1 Objectives
The objectives of this Gas Lift Valve Change project study includes:
1. To perform GLVC at SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 to accommodate new gas
lift optimization.
2. To obtain instantaneous production gain and bean up to its potential,
subject to reservoir pressure respond.
3. To study the effect of new gas lift valve configuration to the oil production
of the well.


4

1.2 Scope of Study

The scope of the project study will consist of:
1. Well information.
This project will study on the detailed information of the well which
consists of the X-mas tree and wellhead valves current pressure, the well
maximum deviation, tubing and casing head pressure and also the flowing
status of the well.

2. Type of gas lift valve that are installed.
There are three types of gas lift valve that is used in this project which are
dummy valve, orifice valve and unloader valve. The type of gas lift valve
used is being study to get more information on the function of each gas
lift valve.

3. Completion schematic diagram.
The need to study the completion schematic diagram for both well is to
know the completion accessories that has been installed and the depth of
each completion accessories to ease the well intervention process in the
future.

4. Well intervention history of the well.
The history is focusing on the past well intervention job that has been
performed on the well including the depth of restriction (if exist) that can
prevent smooth run of slickline in the tubing.

5. Tools, equipment and procedure for GLVC.
This project also will study on the tools and equipment that will use to
perform GLVC and the detail procedure on how to carry out gas lift valve
change.


5

1.3 Problem Statement
The idea of the project is basically to increase the production of the wells, because
based on the reservoir pressure respond, the wells can maximize its production by
changing the configuration of the gas lift valve in an easy way and cost effective.
Since the reservoir pressure is declining with time, then there is a need to
accommodate the well with new gas lift design to increase the rate of production.

1.4 The Relevancy of the Project
Gas lift valve change need to be done at:
a) SUDP A01: To improve production by injecting gas through orifice at the
second side pocket mandrel. This is due to the high THP (400 psi) and high
operating pressure of the current setting (980 psi at first GLM) making
impossible for the gas to enter the tubing.
b) SUDP A08: to improve production by injecting gas through orifice at 3
rd

mandrel. The well is currently flowing without gas lift.


6

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Critical Analysis Literature
A complete gas lift system consists of a gas compression station, a gas injection
manifold with injection chokes and time cycle surface controllers, and a tubing string
with installations of unloading valves and operating valve, and a down-hole chamber.

Figure 2 depicts a configuration of a gas-lifted well with installations of unloading
valves and operating valve on the tubing string. The concept are:
1. High pressure gas injected into fluid column to reduce fluid column density
(lighten up the fluid column) in order to increase the drawdown for optimum
well production.
2. Gas injected into fluid column through gas lift valve that being installed at
Side Pocket Mandrel (SPM).
3. Gas supplied injected to production casing and control from surface.
There are four principal advantages to be gained by the use of multiple valves in a
well:
Figure 2: Configuration of
typical gas lift well

7

1. Deeper gas injection depths can be achieved by using valves for wells with
fixed surface injection pressures.
2. Variation in the wells productivity can be obtained by selectively injecting
gas valves set at depths higher or lower in the tubing string.
3. Gas volumes injected into the well can be metered into the well by the valves.
4. Intermittent gas injection at progressively deeper set valves can be carried out
to kick off a well to either continuous or intermittent flow.

Detailed mechanism of Gas Lift Valve unloading sequences:

1. The fluid level in the casing and tubing is at surface. No gas is being injected
into the casing and no fluid is being produced. All gas lift valves are open.
The pressure to open the valves is provided by the weight of the fluid in the
casing and the tubing.
2. Note that the fluid level in the tubing and casing will be determined by the
shut in bottom hole pressure (SIBHP) and the hydrostatic head or weight of
the column of fluid is in turn determined by the density.
Figure 3(a): Unloading sequence

8

3. Gas injection into the casing has begun. Fluid is U-tubed through all the open
gas lift valves. No formation fluids are being produced because the pressure
in the wellbore at perforation depth is greater than the reservoir pressure.

4. The fluid level has been unloaded to the top gas lift valve. This aerates the
fluid above the top gas lift valve, decreasing the fluid density. This reduces
the pressure in the tubing at the top gas lift valve, and also at all valves below
the top valve. If this reduction pressure is sufficient to give some drawdown
at the perforation then the well will start to produce formation fluid.

Figure 3(b): Unloading sequence
Figure 3(c): Unloading sequence

9

5. The fluid level in the casing has been lowered to a point below the second gas
lift valve. The top two gas lift valves are open and gas being injected through
both valves. The tubing has now been unloaded sufficiently to reduce the
flowing bottom hole pressure (FBHP) below that of the SIBHP this gives a
differential pressure from the reservoir to the wellbore producing a flow of
formation fluid.

6. Valve No. 1 is closed now due to the reduction pressure in the casing. The
No. 3 valve has now been uncovered. Valves 2 and 3 are both open and
passing gas. Note that the deeper the point of injection, the lower the FBHP
and thus greater drawdown on the well, then the greater the production rate.

Figure 3(d): Unloading sequence
Figure 3(e): Unloading sequence

10

7. The No. 2 is now closed. Valve 3 is the operating valve in this example. This
is because the ability of the reservoir to produce fluid matches the ability of
the tubing to remove fluids (Inflow/Outflow Performance). The operating
valve can either be an orifice valve or gas lift valve. The valve in mandrel no.
4 will remain submerge unless operating conditions or reservoir condition
changes.
Figure 3(f): Unloading sequence

11

Sumandak Field Background
In general, Sumandak area consist of 5 fields which are Sumandak Main, Sumandak
Tengah, Sumandak Selatan, Sumandak Ujong and Sumandak Tepi. Sumandak-A
(SUDP-A) platform was successfully installed at location on October 2006. SUDP-A
field development project has opted for open hole completion for all of the 21 wells.
This completion system was deployed to 14 oil producers (OP), 2 water injectors (WI)
, 1 gas well and 4 combination wells of OP and WI (Kumar, Sapian, Salmi, 2009).
Sumandak Drilling Platform A01:
SUDP A01 completed on 30 November 2006. The well is a single completion oil
producer with total depth of 5398 ftMDDF. The well has five side pocket mandrel,
which slotted with unloader valve at the first 4 mandrel and 1 orifice at the last
mandrel. Maximum deviation of the well is 45.5
o
. The well is currently in production
without gas lift supply.
Sumandak Drilling Platform A08:
SUDP A08 completed on 18 May 2007 with single completion oil producer. The total
depth of the well is 4495ftMDDF, complete with sand screen and five side pocket
mandrel. The mandrel initially slotted with unloader valve at the first 4 mandrel and
orifice for the last mandrel. The well also flowing without gas lift supply.


12

Type of Gas Lift Valve
1. Unloading Valve: Injection Pressure Operated (IPO)
Figure 4: Unloader Valve type IPO
The opening/closing of the valve are controlled by the injection pressure to
the casing. Then, the casing pressure will exerted to the bellow while the
tubing pressure will exerted to the ball. The pros and cons of an IPO are:
Pros:
a) Better gas lift control - less sensitive to well heading problems
b) Suitable for high rate applications as valves can be designed for high
throughput
c) Fewer mandrels and valves are required
d) Most commonly used valve in the industry
Cons:
a) Higher injection pressure required to achieve same injection depth as
a PPO valve
b) Stable injection gas pressure is required


13

2. Unloading Valve: Production Pressure Operated (PPO)
Figure 5: Unloader Valve type PPO
The opening and closing of the valve is controlled by the fluid pressure from the
tubing. The casing pressure is exerted to ball while casing pressure is exerted to
bellow. The pros and cons of a PPO are:
Pros:
a) Deeper injection achievable for a given injection pressure
b) In dual completions the use of PPOS minimises string interference
c) Not greatly influenced by fluctuations in casing pressure.
Cons:
a) Closer valve spacing is generally required
b) Well Performance must be known accurately
c) Generally only applicable to stable wells
d) Gas throughput can be constrained and valve behaviour can be affected
by small port size. Particularly for smaller valves (1 or less)

14

e) It is often difficult to determine whether production anomalies are a result
of inflow/tubing behaviour or valve malfunction.
3. Operating Valve: Orifice
Function of orifice valve is to provide opening for gas from casing to tubing.
Orifice valve also act as an operation valve or point of injection. The orifice
is open for continuous injection.
4. Dummy Valve

Dummy valve is use to plug and protect the side pocket mandrel. It also
prevent tubing and casing communication.
Figure 6: Operating Valve
type Orifice
Figure 7: Dummy Valve

15

Slickline
Slickline refers to a single strand wire which is used to run tools into wellbore
for several purposes. Slickline looks like a long, smooth, unbraided wire, often shiny,
silver/chrome in appearance. It comes in varying lengths, according to the depth of
wells in the area it is used (it can be ordered to specification) up to 35,000 feet in
length. It is used to lower and raise downhole tools used in oil and gas well
maintenance to the appropriate depth of the drilled well.
Slickline is more commonly used in production tubing. The wireline operator
monitors at surface the slickline tension via a weight indicator gauge and the depth
via a depth counter 'zeroed' from surface, lowers the downhole tool to the proper
depth, completes the job by manipulating the downhole tool mechanically, checks to
make sure it worked if possible, and pulls the tool back out by winding the slickline
back onto the drum it was spooled from. The slickline drum is controlled by a
hydraulic pump, which in turn is controlled by the 'slickline operator'. (Wikipedia,
2014)
Slickline unit usually consist of winch unit, power pack, lubricator, blow-out
preventer, stuffing box and downhole toolstring.
Figure 8:
Winch unit
Figure 9:
Power pack

16

Slickline usually use for intervention job which consists of:
a) Routine valve change (RVC): To retrieve and set wireline retrievable surface
control sub-surface safety valve (WRSCSSV) for RVC job.
b) Gas lift valve change (GLVC): To retrieve and install gas lift valve at side
pocket mandrel.
c) Set/retrieve plug: Plug which act as a downhole barriers.
d) Open/close SSD: To change producing zone or zonal isolation.
e) Static/Flowing gradient survey: To perform bottomhole pressure survey.
f) Fishing: To release downhole tool stuck.

A continuous gas lift operation is a steady-state flow of the aerated fluid from the
bottom (or near bottom) of the well to the surface. Intermittent gas lift operation is
characterized by a start-and-stop flow from the bottom (or near bottom) of the well to
the surface. This is unsteady state flow. In continuous gas lift, a small volume of high-
pressure gas is introduced into the tubing to aerate or lighten the fluid column. This
allows the flowing bottom-hole pressure with the aid of the expanding injection gas to
deliver liquid to the surface. To accomplish this efficiently, it is desirable to design a
system that will permit injection through a single valve at the greatest depth possible
with the available injection pressure.
Continuous gas lift method is used in wells with a high PI (>0.5 stb/day/psi)
and a reasonably high reservoir pressure relative to well depth. Intermittent gas lift
method is suitable to wells with (1) high PI and low reservoir pressure or (2) low PI
and low reservoir pressure. The type of gas lift operation used, continuous or
intermittent, is also governed by the volume of fluids to be produced, the available lift
gas as to both volume and pressure, and the well reservoirs conditions such as the case
when the high instantaneous BHP drawdown encountered with intermittent flow
would cause excessive sand production, or coning, and/or gas into the wellbore.

17

2.2 Feasibility of the Project within the Scope and Time Frame
Analysis the feasibility in writing the project report is crucial because it determine
whether the student can proceed with the propose project or not. Student have to
think of all possibility that the project can go wrong from time constraint, student
knowledge and resources.
The assumption of this project is to create a project report using all the resources
time and knowledge available of the student and also with the guidance of host
company supervisor and all SWI staff guiding the student for this project.
The project is not entirely focused on Petroleum Engineering background, it also
involves a bit about Mechanical Engineering background. For a future Petroleum
Engineer, student will find this project very helpful for his career. Hence, it can be
concluded that the project is feasible within the scope of an engineering background,
and the time frame allocated is possible to finish up the entire project.


18

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Methodology

Planning
In this stage, all data that are need to initiate the project
report are gathered. The data are including knowledge
about the gas lift valve change and slickline operation.
Also, studying the well history should included in the
planning section.
Execution
For the execution stage, all the knowledge about gas lift
valve change and the slickline operation are being
applied in the slickline training that the student attended.
Close-out
All the data gathered from planning stage, experience
from the execution stage and result analysis of the
project are being compiled for writing project report and
preparing for the final presentation.

19

3.2 Key Milestone

3.2.1 Creating Problem Statement
As in any project that is going to be done, there is always a reason why
the project is proposed to be done. In this case, current gas lift valve
configuration cannot optimize the production rate of the well.
3.2.2 Planning of the Project
During the planning phase, determine the feasibility of the project from
time constraint, identifying problems, opportunities and objectives.
During this stage, student were preparing the Notice of Well
Intervention (NOWIP) paper where this paper consists of planning
procedure for the job execution. Other than that, creating Gantt chart as
a guidance in writing the project report.
3.3.3 Execution job
The execution phase usually comes after planning stage. During this
stage, student are attending the slickline training where in this training
provide the execution of gas lift valve change procedure.
3.3.4 Data Gathering and Analysis
After the execution job is done, then data gathering and analysis is
performed. In this stage, all result after the gas lift valve change are
being collected and make the analysis of the collected data.
3.3.5 Making a Conclusion
By using the data gathered and analysis that has been made, a
conclusion has been finalized and writing up project report. Also,
presentation are conducted in this stage

20

3.3 Gantt Chart

Table 1: Gantt chart

No. Activities Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1. Identifying and planning the project
2. Literature studies
-NOWIP and Peer Review Preparation

3. Training/Job execution
4. Data gathering and analysis
5. Project report
6. Academic visit

21

Figure 10: Drift
Figure 11: LIB
3.4 Tools Required
The tools and equipment required prior to perform gas lift valve change are:
1. Slickline unit equipment
Winch unit
Power pack
Pressure control equipment (stuffing box and BOPs)
Downhole toolstring
2. Drift
Use to tag the fluid level in the tubing.
Use to check any restriction in the tubing.

3. Lead Impression Block (LIB)
To obtain a picture of the downhole restriction.

4. Sand Bailer
To remove restriction that cause by sand.


22

Figure 12: Kick-Over Tool
5. Gas lift valve catcher
A valve catcher should be set below the side pockets to ensure the
valves do not drop into the casing.

6. Kick-Over Tool
To align the valve or pulling tool above the latch.

7. GS Pulling Tool
To retrieve gas lift valve catcher.

Software
1. Microsoft Office (Word, Powerpoint)
Microsoft Word was use to preparing the NOWIP and also for writing this
project report. Microsoft Power Point was use to preparing the peer review
slides.
2. Peloton Wellview
Peloton Wellview was use to get the wellbore schematic diagram as well as the
well intervention history.

23

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings
Before starting a wireline intervention, it is common practices for the production
technologist from Petroleum Engineering Division to propose and advise the
intervention engineer about the suitable job to be perform taking into factor of time,
environment, job scope and engineers ability to finish the job.
In this case, well SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 need to perform gas lift valve
change to accommodate a new gas lift optimization as per production technologist
suggestion to increase the production of the well. The proposed gas lift valve
configuration are:

(a) SUDP-A01
Mandrel Depth (ft) Current Proposed
1 1610 GLV (IPO) Dummy
2 2796 GLV (IPO) Orifice
5 4586 Orifice Dummy
Table 2: Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A01
The design of the gas lift valve configuration for well SUDP A01 are due to certain
factors. First is due to high tubing head pressure (THP), which is 400 psi, and high
operating pressure of the current pressure setting for the unloader valve, which is 980
psi at the first mandrel, creating impossible situation for the gas to enter the tubing.
This is because the casing head pressure (CHP) vary from 750 to 850 psi, so the CHP
is not enough to open the unloader valve, thus the gas lift system is not working.

24

Table 3: Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A08
However, the well now is flowing without gas lift supply, which means the reservoir
pressure is still strong enough to push the fluid to the surface but with low production
rate. Therefore, the idea of changing the gas lift valve configuration is to maximizing
the production rate of the well by installing orifice valve at the second side pocket
mandrel and installing dummy valve at mandrel 1, 3, 4 and 5.
For well SUDP A08, the proposed of gas lift valve design are based on the
static gradient survey (SGS) data, which in this survey one can get fluid level in the
tubing, pressure and temperature of the borehole and estimated reservoir pressure for
the selected zone. Based on SGS results, the fluid level is on the first mandrel.
Therefore, there is a need to put unloader valve at the first mandrel followed by
orifice on the second mandrel so that the unloader can provide the opening during the
injection gas goes into the casing to the tubing, thus lighten the fluid column and
provide a continuous flow fluid to the surface.
(b) SUDP-A08
Mandrel Depth (ft) Current Proposed
1 1299 GLV (IPO) GLV (IPO)
2 2187 GLV (IPO) Orifice
5 3853 Orifice Dummy

25

In order to know whether GLVC is suitable to be done is by analysing the well
intervention history of the well by focusing on fish left in the tubing, flowing status
of the well and the last well intervention job that has been done to the well. Other
than that, analysing well information and status also are some of the key point that
are necessary before performing any well intervention job by referring the last
Preventive Maintenance job (a wellhead and X-mas valves maintenance activity)
results.
Table 4: Well Intervention History for SUDP A01

26

Table 5: Well Intervention History for SUDP A08

Table 6: Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A01
Table 7: Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A08


27

4.2 Data Gathering and Analysis
As the principle of gas lift valve system are well explained in the
literature review section of this report, then it comes to the detailed procedure
on how to perform gas lift valve change. However, in order to perform GLVC,
there is a need to have certain analysis and data gathering to make a paper work
for proper planning. This paper work also known as Notice of Well
Intervention (NOWIP) where this paper work consist of the well background
and status, detailed procedure, wellbore schematic diagram, cost estimation,
planned day and risk and mitigation plan during carrying out GLVC.
Detailed Procedure for Gas Lift Valve Change
Pre-Operation:
1. Check and confirm the well status (Flowing/Closed-in)
2. Check integrity of X-mas tree swab valve and condition of SSV
3. Check integrity of all pressure holding equipment (lubricator stack and
stuffing box)
4. Check condition of wireline equipment (SWCP, power pack and reel
skid) and all high pressure hoses/connectors
5. Check condition of wireline piting, kinks and other
defromities/deterioration. Confirm the wire torsion, test if doubtful.
During Operation:
1. Prepare and obtain permit to work clearance, hang work notification on
Xmas tree at correct position and cordon-off work area.
2. Close-in the string
3. Transfer SCSSV/SSV control to SWCP. Rig up lubricator and toolstring
as per wireline operations standard on top of Xmas tree.
4. Check and ensure the TRSCSSV is in open position. Pressure test all BOP
and lubricator against CITHP for 5 minutes each prior to commence
operation.
5. Make up toolstring as per the following configuration:

Size Toolstring
1-7/8 Rope socket
1-7/8 X5 Stem
1-7/8 Knuckle joint
1-7/8 Hydraulic jar
1-7/8 Link jar
QLS
2.735 Drift
Table 8: Toolstring Configuration

28

Table 10: Current Gas Lift Configuration for A08
6. Run in hole toolstring down to XN-Nipple at (A01: 4704ft, A08: 4334ft)
and tag fluid level at (A01: 1100ft, A08: 2400ft)
7. Perform pressure balancing calculation as per procedure attached and
bleed off/top up tubing/casing pressure to achieve equalization as
required.
8. Run in hole 3 X-line c/w GLV catcher and install 3 GLV catcher at 1
st

SSD (A01: 4667 ft, A08: 3934ft)
9. Run in hole 3 Kick-Over Tool OK6 or Merla c/w 1-1/4 JDS for top
latch or 1-1/4 JDC for bottom latch
For A01:

Table 9: Current Gas Lift Configuration for A01
For A08:

Mandrel Depth (ft) Current
1 1610 GLV (IPO)
2 2796 GLV (IPO)
3 3644 GLV (IPO)
4 4178 GLV (IPO)
5 4586 Orifice
Mandrel Depth (ft) Current
1 1299 GLV (IPO)
2 2187 GLV (IPO)
3 2817 GLV (IPO)
4 3336 GLV (IPO)
5 3853 Orifice

29

Table 11: Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A01
Table 12: Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A08
10. Run in hole 3 Kick-Over Tool OK6 or Merla connect with GA-2 for
bottom latch or JK for top latch to install gas lift valves as per table below:

For A01:

For A08:
Mandrel Depth (ft) New GLV
1 1299 GLV (IPO)
2 2187 Orifice
3 2817 Dummy
4 3336 Dummy
5 3853 Dummy

11. Run in hole 3 GS pulling tool to retrieve catcher at 1
st
SSD at (A01: 4667
ft, A08: 3934ft)
12. Observed and record CHP and THP. Rig down lubricator and toolstring.
13. Handover to operations to flow the string.

Mandrel Depth (ft) New GLV
1 1610 Dummy
2 2796 Orifice
3 3644 Dummy
4 4178 Dummy
5 4586 Dummy

30

Figure 13: Brief procedure on how to install Gas Lift Valve in SPM.

31

The well schematic diagram of each well to be performed are very important.
The schematic diagram are used as a reference of tubing accessories installed in the
tubing. Therefore, the information from the well schematic diagram will be used as a
references in performing the job based on the information that can be taken from the
diagram. Well schematic diagram can be get from a software called Peleton Wellview
software, where there will be some information about tubing accessories that has been
installed in the tubing and in the well, and there are also some history about job done
before in the well, besides providing the well schematic diagram of the well for both
long and short string.
Figure 14: Example of well schematic diagram


32

Based on the well test result that have been made to well SUDP A01 and A08,
they found that the oil production of both well are increasing. Current maximum
production of SUDP A01 is 1500 barrel oil per day (bopd), using the designated gas
lift configuration, which makes this well as the highest producer in Sumandak field.
While for SUDP A08, the current production of oil for this well is 300 bopd, which
also having additional gain from the previous production before gas lift valve change
were being performed.
As a conclusion, Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC) can improve oil production
of a well by changing the configuration of the gas lift. Therefore, the objectives of this
project is achieved.

33

4.3 Experimentation/ Modelling/ Prototype / Project Deliverables

Figure 15: Screen shot of Peer Review slide
Figure 16: Screen shot of NOWIP

34

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Impact and Relevancy to the Objectives
Maximizing the use of available natural energy from a reservoir is crucial to
any production installation. Gas Lift is an artificial lift process that closely
resembles the natural flow process and basically operates as an enhancement
or extension of that process. The only major requirement is an available and
economical supply of pressurized gas.
There are many advantages to using gas lift to produce your well. Gas lift is
very flexible to changes in production rates, water cut percentages, and gas
liquid ratios (GLRs). An abundance of existing gas in the formation can be
detrimental to other artificial lift methods such as sucker rod pumps and electric
submersible pumps, however an abundance of formation gas is an advantage
to any gas lift system (The more gas the formation produces means less gas is
needed for injection). Gas lift wells can be designed to accommodate almost
any production volume thus making it more flexible to changes in well
conditions throughout the entire life of the well. Initial cost of downhole
equipment in gas lift wells is much less than for other artificial lift methods.
The main advantages of gas lift are:
Very flexible to changes in well conditions and producing rates
Low downhole equipment costs
Not adversely affected by deviated or horizontal wellbores
Reduced production costs over other artificial lift methods
Long service life for downhole equipment due to relatively fewer
moving parts
Major equipment item (gas compressor) is installed at the surface
for easy maintenance
Ideally suited to supplement formation gas for artificially lifting
wells where moderate amounts of gas are present in the produced
fluid


35

From the assessment that has been done, it can be concluded that performing
gas lift valve change on well SUDP A01 and A08 can obtain instantaneous production
gain. Therefore, towards the end of the project, the project was a success and all of the
objectives were achieved.

5.2 Suggested Future Work for Expansion and Continuation
To perform FGS for future gas lift optimization- only conduct 1 FGS
instead of 2 for cost saving
Send the FGS data straight to town for gas lift design to optimize the well
entering
Good surveillance practices; close monitoring to operate efficiently on a
continuous basis.
Contractor should always check the tools condition before they run the job
Surveillance and control should be considered as an integral part of any gas
lift system. Good quality data is a prerequisite for an efficient gas lift
design. Gas lift systems should operate with minimum (practical) back
pressure at the wellhead.

36

CHAPTER 6: SAFETY TRAINING AND VALUES OF THE
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES
6.1 Lesson Learnt and Experience Gained
I was attached to Sabah Well Intervention (SWI) in PETRONAS Sabah
Operation (PCSB-SBO). During the internship period under Sabah Well Intervention
(SWI) student was exposed and gained first-hand experience on how well intervention
process carried out from planning the job by doing the paper work, to the job execution
by attending the training provided. Students were also encouraged to get involved in
extracurricular activities organized by SWI and the Young Professional Club (YPC).
6.1.1 PCSB-SBO Sabah Well Intervention
During my attachment with Sabah Well Intervention as a trainee, a lot
of skill that I have the fortunate opportunity to develop from doing just a basic
general work of organizing file, using the computer based work such as
Microsoft Office and Excel, to managing and helping with some of the event
that was done by the Sabah Well Intervention department. Taking a simple
example of organizing a file, a lot of thought and process goes into your mind
in how to put away this file in an orderly manner that if I want to find it in the
future I would know where to look up with no problem at all. Other than that,
I also have the opportunity in sharpening my computer skill where I was
exposed to lot of paper work document using both Microsoft Office and Excel
as its prefer medium. From learning how to use Vlook Up and Filter
command in Microsoft excel to arranging simple page number in Words and
with the help of colleague and research from the internet, every task that was
given was done accordingly.
As a trainee in the in Sabah Well Intervention, where I been able to
work alongside manager, executive, non-executive, line trainers and also
engineers. So it has really widened my scope area of work as Im not focusing
on one scope of work at a time. From this I have gain a lot of knowledge in
working in different field that I am used to and also meeting up with different
people of background where they have share their experience in the working
environment.

37

Some of the task that was given to me:
1. Updating daily operation report.
2. Analysing Non-Productive Time and prepare the slides.
3. Creating template and database for Cost Book.
4. Updating well schematic diagram and updating daily operation report in
WellView software; i.e. updating the gas lift valve configuration on the
tubing string.
5. Preparing on peer review for Corrective Maintenance job presentation slide
and presenting it.
6. Preparing paper work and peer review for job execution.
7. Updating well integrity database in IWIT, web-based software.
Other than that, I was very fortunate to attend slickline
training organized by Deleum, one of the service company
for PCSB-SBO which was held in Deleum Workshop,
Labuan. Slickline is a line that have no conductivity which
means it is an offline activity to retrieve and install
tubings accessories in the well. Usually slickline are used
for Tubing Clearance Check (TCC), Routine Valve
Change (RVC), Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC), Set plug,
retrieve plug, open and close sliding side door (SSD),
Flowing Gradient Survey (FGS) and also Static Gradient
Survey (SGS). During the training, I was able to see the
type of profile in the tubing, the sub surface safety valve
(SSSV), gas lift valve, sliding side door, slickline equipment and the tool string.
Besides that, I was given chances to set the SSSV using slickline in the tubing
string since Deleum have their own training well which consist of wireline
deck, wellhead and a hundred feet borehole complete with tubing string and its
accessories. Even though I was not able to visit real platform at offshore, but
by attending this training I was able to experience the real situation that
happened on the offshore platform.


38

Figure 17: Deleum Training Well

Figure 18: Kick-Over Tool that is use to set and retrieve gas lift valve


39

Besides slickline training, I also had a chance to attend wellhead and Christmas
tree valve maintenance training which was organized by Essem Corporation
and was held at Essem Corporation workshop in Miri, Sarawak. Essem Corp.
is a company that providing maintenance on wellhead and Christmas tree
including the sub surface safety valve. This training was started with theoretical
lesson, which covered all aspect including surface wellhead system, casing
program, tubing and casing hanger. Also, this training provide hands on
preventive maintenance procedure which the participant were able to perform
wellhead valve lubrication and sealing processes by themselves and
performing critical device function test (CDFT). The wellhead training ends
with theoretical and practical exam.

Figure 19: Performing Practical Exam

Figure 20: Pump that used during greasing and sealing

40

Furthermore, I was very fortunate to attend Coiled Tubing lecture
conducted by Mr. Nabil, an operation engineer from Baker Hughes. In the oil
and gas industries, coiled tubing refers to metal piping, normally 1" to 3.25" in
diameter, used for interventions in oil and gas wells and sometimes as
production tubing in depleted gas wells, which comes spooled on a large reel.
Coiled tubing is often used to carry out operations similar to wirelining. The
main benefits over wireline are the ability to pump chemicals through the coil
and the ability to push it into the hole rather than relying on gravity. However,
for offshore operations, the 'footprint' for a coiled tubing operation is generally
larger than a wireline spread, which can limit the number of installations where
coiled tubing can be performed and make the operation more costly. A coiled
tubing operation is normally performed through the drilling derrick on the oil
platform, which is used to support the surface equipment, although on
platforms with no drilling facilities a self-supporting tower can be used instead.
The tool string at the bottom of the coil is often called the bottom hole
assembly (BHA). It can range from something as simple as a jetting nozzle, for
jobs involving pumping chemicals or cement through the coil, to a larger string
of logging tools, depending on the operations. Pumping through coiled tubing
can also be used for dispersing fluids to a specific location in the well such as
for cementing perforations or performing chemical washes of downhole
components such as sandscreens. In the former case, coiled tubing is
particularly advantageous compared to simply pumping the cement from
surface as allowing it to flow through the entire completion could potentially
damage important components, such as the downhole safety valve. Coiled
tubing umbilical technologies enable the deployment of complex pumps which
require multiple fluid strings on coiled tubing. In many cases, the use of coiled
tubing to deploy a complex pump can greatly reduce the cost of deployment by
eliminating the number of units on site during the deploy.


41

6.1.2 Young Professional Club (YPC)
YPC stand for Young Professional Club which is club under SBO.
Their main function was the responsibility to organize event and activities
outside of work environment. We as the internship student for SBO were
lucky enough to participate and work together in some of the event that was
organized by this club. From this club we were lucky enough to become a
committee in organizing the International Womens Day in PETRONAS.
Here we learned how important teamwork is preparing for the best to make
the event success. So every detail of the play haves to be prepared within the
time given and it took a lot for patient and cooperation among the member to
successfully organizing the event. Hence, thru this club have given a lot of
experience in working in a team and getting first hand on the spirit of
teamwork in smoothly getting the task done.

6.1.3 Communication Skill
Communication is an essential skill in any organization, it shows how
competent we are in communicating with another person formally or informal.
Being in the Well Intervention Department really teach me to improve my
communication skill. For example, I have been assigned to prepare and
delivering Peer Review Presentation by one of the engineer in SWI. Peer
Review Presentation is a common practice that engineer need to do in SWI
prior to perform any job at the well, where this presentation much more like
proposing a new job to the well. The objective to perform the presentation is
more to a proper planning to the well, things need to be done during the job
and the risk behind it. So, I were assign to present on job to repair the Surface
Safety Valve (SSV) on well Sumandak-A10, which this job is categorized as
Corrective Maintenance job. From this presentation, besides learn on how to
repair a SSV, other engineers had teach me on how to prepare an effective
slides and arranging words by words that needs to be deliver, which can be
informative to the audience.

42

Moreover, during doing my routine works, sometimes I need to
communicate with the engineers to get some information regarding the works
given. For example, when doing the daily operation report that need to be send
to Drilling Division every day, I need to ask the engineer in charge for the field
that have production enhancement job to briefly explain what they have done
on the well and the next way forward of the job. Also, I will ask the Technical
Assistant in the department to update on overall integrity status of PCSB-SBO
strings. After collecting all the data needed, I will email the daily report to the
person in charge in Drilling Division of PETRONAS.
Besides that, I also volunteered to join a program conducted by Young
Professional Club (YPC) of PCSB-SBO, which this program objective was to
teach English subject to the primary school student. From this program, my
communication skills was improved as my confidence level to communicate in
English was improving too.
I was also have a chance to give a HSE Sharing Talk during the
department operation morning meeting. It is a routine to have a HSE sharing
talk moment before begin the meeting. Besides that, I also volunteered to
become committee in SPE Golf Tournament where we started with finding
participants as well as the sponsors to make the event become successful. Here,
I have to deal with the companys person in charge asking for a collaboration
to make the SPE Golf Tournament a success event.

6.2 Leadership, Team Work and Individual Activities
Throughout my internship lesson at PETRONAS Carigali Sabah Operations, I have
learned on how it is important to have team work and leadership in everything that we
do especially when it comes to performing job related works. Without the spirit of
teamwork and leadership, there will be no a smooth planning of works. In a teamwork
environment, people understand and believe that thinking, planning, decisions and
actions are better when done cooperatively. Even, in my own department, Sabah Well
Intervention (SWI), there is always an effort to foster the teamwork and leadership
spirits in order to create a work culture that values collaboration and performances.

43

Figure 21: SWI Away Day
6.2.1 Sabah Well Intervention Away Day
This session was held at Raintree Beach Resort, Tuaran Sabah where
the main objectives is to get to know better and understanding of each staff in
Well Intervention department. The event was started with discussion on the
target performance that need to be achieve in the year of 2014. Then, the event
continued with team building session where we were divided into 5 groups and
many tasks was given which tested our physical and mental. From this session,
I have learn a lot of management skills, decision making and the most
important is teamwork, which must have in organization, no matter how high
is your position, you need to hear opinion from your teammates.
Other than that, our department also having a good time playing
paintball together which was held at Paintball Arena, Likas. We were divided
into teams of four, where each team have their own strategy to win the battle
and not forgotten, to have a safety measures during playing the games.


44

6.2.2 Initiative
Taking charge and making own decision is an important factor in an
organization as you will also not have someone to guide you with your own
task so you have taken the responsibilities and find your own initiative and
decision on order to get the task done. For example, collection of data where
the data will not always be with the same person in charge so you have find a
learned of some alternate solution prior the one that was given. You have to
think, ask and walk around finding the required data without burdening other
people. Here we can see the route that is taken is not by depending too much
on one person but find alternative plan and resources to finish the task.
During the morning meeting, if there were some terms that I do not
understand from the update, I will try to google the terms first or search in the
books, and I will only ask the engineers if still do not understand about the
terms. Sometimes, I seek assistance from the service provider engineers to
explain about the terms, job or procedures that I cannot understand by myself.
Also, I make initiative to visit the Labuan Gas Terminal (LGAST) with the
expert trainer of PCSB-SBO. The objective of the visit is to gain more
knowledge and experience at the site although it is not really related to well
intervention.

Figure 22: My Colleagues and I with the Expert Trainer at LGAST

45

6.2.3 Teamwork
Teamwork is work done by several associates with each doing a part
but all subordinating personal reputation to the efficiency of the whole. In
PETRONAS, where every project need to create a team to get it done teamwork
is very significant in making sure that the work is done easily and proficiently.
As an intern student we were expose to the working environment where
working as a group in supporting to get the jobs done effectively. From here,
we were visible to work with different background of employee from
executives, non-executives, engineers and technicians.
In SWI department, there will be a morning meeting conducted every
day. The meeting will start with HSE sharing by any attendees of the meeting.
Then, each engineers in charge will update any operations and integrity job that
has been done at their assigned field, well by well. If there any problem
regarding the jobs, the problem will try to be solved in the meeting by
discussing with the other engineers, technical experts and service providers
engineers. Any of the attendees are free to deliver their opinions about how to
solve the problems. If the problems cannot be solved in the meeting, the
engineers in charge of that particular field will having a brainstorming session
with the service provider engineers, technical expert and the technician at the
offshore.
In line with the practice, work as a team is crucial aspect in any
organizations. If the entire department plays their roles successfully, the
growth of the company will be improved because all the processes had been
completed effectively. In conclusion, team work is essential for the
development of the company.


46

6.4 Business Value, Ethics and Management Skills
As stated earlier, In order to achieve its PETRONAS vision PETRONAS Carigali
(PCSB) Sabah Operaration (SBO) is formed to operate oil and gas in the coast of
Sabah. In line with the vision SBO is one of the pillars that support the vision and
responsible to maximize venture profitable and reserves recovery while observing
good oil fields, business, and HSE practices. SBO contributes towards Carigali
business objectives, simultaneously helps to develop Carigali into fully competent oil
and gas company.
In PETRONAS Carigali Sabah Operations, a high management skill is required for
any sort of task to be done. The company priorities the value of time and therefore
encourage punctuality. This applied every monthly meeting that is being held as the
staffs especially engineers and technicians do not have flexible schedule and most
people are busy chasing datelines.
As per attached in Sabah Well Intervention we were also involved in making sure the
operation and business of the company is running smoothly and well taken care of by
carrying out more production enhancement activities and not forgotten to take care the
healthiness of each well under PCSB-SBO supervision.
Besides that, SWIs top priority is in the proper planning of completing tasks as most
of the time, there is more than one task that needs to be done to meet the datelines. The
proper planning is closely related to time management as well. A good time
management will make the proper planning of task completion works accordingly.
Apart from that it is important to have a good communications among fellow team
members to prevent any misunderstandings in doing works. Communication is a
majors aspect of the companys style of working. For example, we are being trained
to communicate with the fellow colleagues in doing certain jobs as to make sure that
things were rightly done at the first time.
Work Ethics
One of the most highlighted matters by PCSB is work ethics. Work ethic is a value
based on hard work and diligence. To sustain a good performance, all employees need
to have a solid practice of good work ethics. In ethics, time management and job
progress is the most important to ensure all on going activities are run efficiently and

47

effectiveness. All staffs in PETRONAS, should be punctual when attend any activities
and work for instance even they are applying flexible hour when work, they should
work for at least 8 hours to ensure the progress of their work is smoothly and finish at
on time.
Time punctuality is crucial for PCSB as the company runs business which requires
satisfaction in term of time consumption. During working hours, the employees take a
break at the allocated time. Time is an essence of importance and working hours can
only be made production with the cooperation of the employees.

Ethics/Discipline and Dress Code
All staffs are required to obey all rules and regulations in terms of disciplines,
loyalties and ethics of PCSB-SBO.
Dress code of PCSB-SBO is corporate formal attire and all staffs are required
to obey this dressing code.

Working Hours
Working hours will be deemed to commence from the trainee reports to his
places of work and to terminate the time he leaves his place of work. So trainee
have to come to work as schedule by PCSB SBO:

Monday Thursday (7.30am 4.30pm)
Break(12.30pm-1.30pm)
Friday (7.30am 4.30pm)
Break(12.00pm-2.00pm)

Trainee must come before and exactly at 7.30 am and finish work at 4.30 pm.
If the trainee is late for a few times without a valid reason, thus the Human
Resource department will be taking a disciplinary action against him/her.

48

Whistleblowing Policy

This policy is to provide an avenue for all employees of PETRONAS and member of
the public to reveal any inappropriate conduct in accordance with the processes as
provided for under this policy and provide safety for employees and member of the
public which reports such accusations.
This policy is strategy to simplify employees and member of the public to disclose
any inappropriate conduct through interior channel. Such misconduct or illicit
offence including the following:
Fraud.
Bribery.
Abuse of Power.
Conflict of Interest.
Theft or embezzlement.
Misuse of Companys Property.
Non Compliance with Procedure.

PETRONAS No Gift Policy
The main objective of this policy is to inculcate values of integrity and
trustworthiness in its business dealings. PETRONAS especially SBO staffs are
required to act out in the best interest of PETRONAS and to avoid from engaging in
conduct which may result in the drawbacks of the PETRONAS best interest. Hence,
PETRONAS staff must adhere themselves from:
Accepting personal gift from external parties.
Giving personal gift to external parties.
This policy will help to avoid conflicts of interest or in the appearance of conflicts of
interest in any ongoing or potential business dealings of PETRONAS.


49

Management Skills
Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious
control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase
effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. Time management may be aided by a range
of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks,
projects and goals complying with a due date. Initially, time management referred to
just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened to include personal
activities as well. A time management system is a designed combination of processes,
tools, techniques, and methods. Time management is usually a necessity in any project
development as it determines the project completion time and scope.
PETRONAS Carigali implement a strict time management to the intern
students where the interns need to be in the office before 7.30 am and only able to
leave and 4.30 pm. Here it teaches the trainee to be on time in the daily life and also
to be discipline in their time attendance as it well effect the trainee efficiency as it will
also take on result on the department efficiency. For example, since I live 20 km from
the office, I need to get ready early to avoid traffic jam so that I can arrive at office
before 7.30 am.
My daily routine works start with updating the daily report that need to be send
to Drilling Division, and then attend the daily morning meeting. After that, I will start
doing my works such as doing Non-Productive Time (NPT) Analysis. NPT is the
indicator that shows how much time that we have lost due to problems that arises such
as bad weather, equipment problem, logistic problem, etc. The objective of doing this
analysis is to observe and find any solutions that could minimize the NPT and increase
productivity. This analysis need to be done every month, which the NPT will be
calculated on daily basis for each field under PCSB-SBO. Beside the NPT analysis, I
need to update the well schematic diagram as well as working on the cost book. From
this, I need to allocate my time wisely, manage and prioritize my works in order to
completing all the task given on time.


50

6.5 Problem or Challenges Faced and Solution to Overcome Them

(a) Understanding the exploration and production (E&P) operation
It is highly important to have a good understanding of the exploration and
production operation in order to understand more on the activities in this
company. Therefore, acquiring the knowledge on the oil and gas industry is a
must before I can proceed to understand the whole exploration and production
operation. In the beginning, I did a lot of researches on the subject and as well
as by asking guidance from the engineers on the particular matter and in the
end I managed to know a thing or two as a starting point.

(b) Adjusting to Working Lifestyle
As a new trainee, adjusting to working hours was a really meaningful lesson at
the early stage. There are many differences between becoming a student and a
worker as the time management will be different, the problems encountered
will be different, and the work and tasks will also be different. Besides, as I
had never worked in an office before, throughout this internship, I got to learn
and exposed to the real life environment. Where, student will get easily
exhausted and sleepy throughout the day. However, as the time passes this can
be adjusted as the student started to adjust to the working hours and the daily
routine of waking up early for work. Other than that, student were also
requested to work late till night on numerous occasion had to work on
weekends and public holiday in order to complete the task given successfully.

(c) Entrusted with Responsibility
Thru the internship period, student were given a lot of work that required the
patient and skills need to finish the job. For example, where the trainee was
entrusted to work with a lot of confidential data and student was trusted the
keep the data personnel. Luckily, student was very privileged enough to be
trusted in handling of confidential data. So the burden was very high to the

51

student in order to keep the file to themselves but with the understanding of
supervisor, patient and experienced colleagues who encourage and helpful to
the trainee.

(d) Completing Task Given on Time
Completing a task in time is very crucial in an organization and SBO also adapt
into that environment of work where every task given is set a due date that need
to be finished or submitted. Prior to this, I need to manage all the task given
and give priority on which task that need to be done first. I also learned to come
to office early and work overtime to finish my task and sometimes bring the
task to home to complete it. Time management is very important in works;
once you practice procrastination, no works will done.


52

REFERENCES

Guo, B., Lyons, W. C., & Ghalambor, A. (2007). Petroleum Production
Engineering. Lafayette: Elsevier Science & Technology Books.
SCHLUMBERGER. (1999). Gas Lift Design and Technology. Schlumberger 1999.
SHELL CORPORATION. (1993). Gas Lift Design Guide. Hague: SHELL
INTERNATIONALE PETROLEUM.
Tokar, Chevron, & Tuckness. (1996). New Gas Lift Valve Design Stabilizes Injection
Rates. Colorado: Society of Petroleum Engineers.
WEATHERFORD. (2006). Slickline Operations Training Manual. Weatherford
International, Inc.

Drug & Alcohol Policy: Policy Provisions & Coverage. (2013). PETRONAS
Carigali Drug & Alcohol Policy Presentation.

53

APPENDIX I
TYPE PORT
SIZE
LATCH RUNNING
TOOL
TYPE
PULLING
TOOL
TYPE
MANDRELL
SERIES
CHARATERISTIC
BK-1 1/8
INTEGRAL

GA-2

JDC
Short
Reach

KBM,
KBMM,
KBMG,
KBTG

INJECTION PRESS
OPERATED
3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
BKR-5 1/8 INTEGRAL GA-2 JDC
Short
Reach
KBM,
KBMM,
KBMR,
KBMG,
KBTG
PRODUCTION
PRESS OPERATED 3/16
1/4
DKO-
2
3/16 INTEGRAL GA-2 JDC
Short
Reach
KBM,
KBMM,
KBMR,
KBMG,
KBTG
SIGNAL POINT
INJECTION
ORIFICE 1/4
DK-1 NIL INTEGRAL GA-2 JDC
Short
Reach
KBM,
KBMM,
KBMR,
KBMG,
KBTG
DUMMY
NOVA 3/16 BK-2 JK JDC
Long
Reach
KBM,
KBMM,
KBMR,
KBMG,
KBTG
NOVA ORIFICE

DKO-2 CASING SENSITIVE = OPEN WHEN CASING PRESSURE HIGHER THAN
TUBING
BKR-5(GLV) TO OPEN STEP BY STEP
Running tool type (GA-2) BOTTOM LATCH
Running tool type (GA-2) TOP LATCH


54

APPENDIX II

Slickline Training at Deleum Warehouse, Labuan


55

APPENDIX III

Slickline
Training at Deleum Warehouse, Labuan

56

APPENDIX IV

Wellhead Training at ESSEM Workshop, Miri.

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